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Nishida Y, Nakamura M, Urata Y, Kasamo K, Hiwatashi H, Yokoyama I, Mizobuchi M, Sakurai K, Osaki Y, Morita Y, Watanabe M, Yoshida K, Yamane K, Miyakoshi N, Okiyama R, Ueda T, Wakasugi N, Saitoh Y, Sakamoto T, Takahashi Y, Shibano K, Tokuoka H, Hara A, Monma K, Ogata K, Kakuda K, Mochizuki H, Arai T, Araki M, Fujii T, Tsukita K, Sakamaki-Tsukita H, Sano A. Novel pathogenic VPS13A gene mutations in Japanese patients with chorea-acanthocytosis. Neurol Genet 2019; 5:e332. [PMID: 31192303 PMCID: PMC6515943 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 13A (VPS13A) for Japanese patients with suspected chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc). Methods We performed a comprehensive mutation screen, including sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis of the VPS13A gene, and chorein Western blotting of erythrocyte ghosts. As the results of the analysis, 17 patients were molecularly diagnosed with ChAc. In addition, we investigated the distribution of VPS13A gene mutations and clinical symptoms in a total of 39 molecularly diagnosed Japanese patients with ChAc, including 22 previously reported cases. Results We identified 11 novel pathogenic mutations, including 1 novel CNV. Excluding 5 patients with the unknown symptoms, 97.1% of patients displayed various neuropsychiatric symptoms or forms of cognitive dysfunction during the course of disease. The patients carrying the 2 major mutations representing over half of the mutations, exon 60–61 deletion and exon 37 c.4411C>T (R1471X), were localized in western Japan. Conclusions We identified 13 different mutations in VPS13A, including 11 novel mutations, and verified the clinical manifestations in 39 Japanese patients with ChAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nishida
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakamura
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yuka Urata
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kei Kasamo
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hanae Hiwatashi
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Izumi Yokoyama
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizobuchi
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sakurai
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yasushi Osaki
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yukari Morita
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masako Watanabe
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Yamane
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Natsuki Miyakoshi
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Okiyama
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ueda
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Noritaka Wakasugi
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yuji Saitoh
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Ken Shibano
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hideki Tokuoka
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hara
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kazunari Monma
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ogata
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Keita Kakuda
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takeo Arai
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Manabu Araki
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tsukita
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Haruhi Sakamaki-Tsukita
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Akira Sano
- Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Y.N., M.N., Y.U., K. Kasamo, H.H., I.Y., A.S.), Department of Psychiatry, Kagoshima, Japan; Epilepsy Center (M.M.), Department of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (K. Sakurai.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurology (Y.O., Y.M.), Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan; Shinjyuku Neuro Clinic (M.W.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Yoshida and K. Yamane), Neurological Institute, Ohta-Atami Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.M., R.O.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Neurology (T.U., H.T.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (N.W., Y.S., T.S., Y.T., M.A.), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Shibano), Akita Red Cross Hospital, Japan; Amagasaki General Medical Center (A.H.), Hyogo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., K.O.), National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neurology (K. Kakuda, H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan; Ikebe Clinic (T.A.), Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry (T.F.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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