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Wang D, Honda S, Shin MK, Watase K, Mizusawa H, Ishikawa K, Shimizu S. Subcellular localization and ER-mediated cytotoxic function of α1A and α1ACT in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149481. [PMID: 38211534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a polyglutamine (polyQ) disease, which is caused by the elongation of CAG repeats encoding polyQ in the CACNA1A gene. The CACNA1A gene encodes two proteins, namely, α1A (a subunit of the plasma membrane calcium channel), which is translated in its entire length, and α1ACT, which is translated from the second cistron, and both proteins have a polyQ tract. The α1A-polyQ and α1ACT-polyQ proteins with an elongated polyQ stretch have been reported to form aggregates in cells and induce neuronal cell death, but the subcellular localization of these proteins and their cytotoxic properties remain unclear. In this study, we first analyzed SCA6 model mice and found that α1A-polyQlong localized mainly to the Golgi apparatus, whereas a portion of α1ACT-polyQlong localized to the nucleus. Analysis using Neuro2a cells also showed similar subcellular localizations of these proteins, and a proportion of both proteins localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Cytotoxic studies demonstrated that both proteins induce both the ER stress response and apoptosis, indicating that they are able to induce ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Department of Personalized Genomic Medicine for Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Min Kyoung Shin
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Watase
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Personalized Genomic Medicine for Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Matsushita M, Nakamura Y, Hosokawa T, Takahashi Y, Mizusawa H, Arawaka S. [Spinocerebellar ataxia 2 develop lower motor neuron involvement as an initial symptom: a case report]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2024; 64:28-32. [PMID: 38072442 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A 36-year-old man has developed weakness of left thumb and atrophy of left thenar muscle and left first dorsal interosseous muscle without sensory disturbance for a year. A nerve conduction study revealed decreases in the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials and occurrence of F-waves on left medial nerve. Needle electromyography examination revealed positive sharp waves and later recruited motor units on left abductor pollicis brevis muscle. Brain MRI showed atrophy of bilateral cerebellar hemisphere. His grandmother and his two uncles have been diagnosed as spinocerebellar degeneration. After discharge, he developed bilateral lower limb ataxia. Genetic analysis showed heterozygous CAG repeat expansion (19/39) in ATXN2 gene, being diagnosed as spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (SCA2). A previous report has shown that motor neuron involvement is recognized as part of SCA2 in the same pedigree with full CAG repeat expansions in ATXN2 gene. We here report the patient with lower motor neuron involvement as an initial symptom of SCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Matsushita
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Neurology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yoshitsugu Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Neurology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Takafumi Hosokawa
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Neurology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Shigeki Arawaka
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Neurology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine
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3
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Ohira M, Yoshii K, Aso Y, Nakajima H, Yamashita T, Takahashi-Iwata I, Maeda N, Shindo K, Suenaga T, Matsuura T, Sugie K, Hamano T, Arai A, Furutani R, Suzuki Y, Kaneko C, Kobayashi Y, Campos-Alberto E, Harper LR, Edwards J, Bender C, Pilz A, Ito S, Angulo FJ, Erber W, Madhava H, Moïsi J, Jodar L, Mizusawa H, Takao M. First evidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) outside of Hokkaido Island in Japan. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2278898. [PMID: 37906509 PMCID: PMC10810618 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2278898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is endemic in parts of Europe and Asia. TBEV is transmitted to humans primarily by Ixodes ticks. There have been 5 TBE cases identified in Japan, all on the northern island of Hokkaido. Rodents with TBEV antibodies and Ixodes ticks have been identified throughout Japan, indicating that TBEV infection might be undiagnosed in Japan. Residual serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected in 2010-2021 from 520 patients ≥1 year-of-age previously hospitalized with encephalitis or meningitis of unknown etiology at 15 hospitals (including 13 hospitals outside of Hokkaido) were screened by ELISA for TBEV IgG and IgM antibodies; TBEV infection was confirmed by the gold standard neutralization test. Residual serum was available from 331 (63.6%) patients and CSF from 430 (82.6%) patients; both serum and CSF were available from 189 (36.3%). Two patients were TBE cases: a female aged 61 years hospitalized for 104 days in Oita (2000 km south of Hokkaido) and a male aged 24 years hospitalized for 11 days in Tokyo (1200 km south of Hokkaido). Retrospective testing also identified a previous TBEV infection in a female aged 45 years hospitalized for 12 days in Okayama (1700 km south of Hokkaido). TBEV infection should be considered as a potential cause of encephalitis or meningitis in Japan. TBE cases are likely undiagnosed in Japan, including outside of Hokkaido, due to limited clinical awareness and lack of availability of TBE diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ohira
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Internal Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Aso
- Department of Neurology, Oita Prefectural Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Hideto Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Norihisa Maeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, Oita, Japan
| | - Katsuro Shindo
- Department or Neurology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Tohru Matsuura
- Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- Department of Neurology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akira Arai
- Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Rikiya Furutani
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Asahikawa Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chikako Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Lisa R. Harper
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Juanita Edwards
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Cody Bender
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Andreas Pilz
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Vaccine Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frederick J. Angulo
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Erber
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harish Madhava
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Moïsi
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Paris, France
| | - Luis Jodar
- Vaccines, Antivirals, and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville,PA, USA
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Internal Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Hama Y, Date H, Fujimoto A, Matsui A, Ishiura H, Mitsui J, Yamamoto T, Tsuji S, Mizusawa H, Takahashi Y. A Novel de novo KIF1A Mutation in a Patient with Ataxia, Intellectual Disability and Mild Foot Deformity. Cerebellum 2023; 22:1308-1311. [PMID: 36227410 PMCID: PMC10657280 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset ataxias are often difficult to diagnose due to the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful method for determining causative mutations of early-onset ataxias. We report a case in which a novel de novo KIF1A mutation was identified in a patient with ataxia, intellectual disability and mild foot deformity.A patient presented with sporadic forms of ataxia with mild foot deformity, intellectual disability, peripheral neuropathy, pyramidal signs, and orthostatic hypotension. WES was used to identify a novel de novo mutation in KIF1A, a known causative gene of neurodegeneration and spasticity with or without cerebellar atrophy or cortical visual impairment syndrome (NESCAVS).We report a novel phenotype of NESCAVS that is associated with a novel de novo missense mutation in KIF1A, which provides valuable information for the diagnosis of NESCAVS even in the era of WES. Early rehabilitation of patients with NESCAVS may prevent symptom worsening and improve the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hama
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Date
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Ayano Matsui
- Department of Orthopedics, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.
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5
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Hama Y, Date H, Fujimoto A, Matsui A, Ishiura H, Mitsui J, Yamamoto T, Tsuji S, Mizusawa H, Takahashi Y. Correction: A Novel de novo KIF1A Mutation in a Patient with Ataxia, Intellectual Disability and Mild Foot Deformity. Cerebellum 2023; 22:1312. [PMID: 36322330 PMCID: PMC10657315 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hama
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Date
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Ayano Matsui
- Department of Orthopedics, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.
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6
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Fujino Y, Ueyama M, Ishiguro T, Ozawa D, Ito H, Sugiki T, Murata A, Ishiguro A, Gendron T, Mori K, Tokuda E, Taminato T, Konno T, Koyama A, Kawabe Y, Takeuchi T, Furukawa Y, Fujiwara T, Ikeda M, Mizuno T, Mochizuki H, Mizusawa H, Wada K, Ishikawa K, Onodera O, Nakatani K, Petrucelli L, Taguchi H, Nagai Y. FUS regulates RAN translation through modulating the G-quadruplex structure of GGGGCC repeat RNA in C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD. eLife 2023; 12:RP84338. [PMID: 37461319 PMCID: PMC10393046 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expansions of GGGGCC repeat sequence in the noncoding region of the C9orf72 gene is the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9-ALS/FTD). The expanded repeat sequence is translated into dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) by noncanonical repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation. Since DPRs play central roles in the pathogenesis of C9-ALS/FTD, we here investigate the regulatory mechanisms of RAN translation, focusing on the effects of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) targeting GGGGCC repeat RNAs. Using C9-ALS/FTD model flies, we demonstrated that the ALS/FTD-linked RBP FUS suppresses RAN translation and neurodegeneration in an RNA-binding activity-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that FUS directly binds to and modulates the G-quadruplex structure of GGGGCC repeat RNA as an RNA chaperone, resulting in the suppression of RAN translation in vitro. These results reveal a previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism of RAN translation by G-quadruplex-targeting RBPs, providing therapeutic insights for C9-ALS/FTD and other repeat expansion diseases.
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Grants
- Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Brain Protein Aging and Dementia Control) 17H05699 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Brain Protein Aging and Dementia Control) 17H05705 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Transformative Research Areas (A) (Multifaceted Proteins) 20H05927 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences 11013026 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Scientific Research (B) 21H02840 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Scientific Research (B) 20H03602 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Scientific Research (C) 15K09331 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Scientific Research (C) 19K07823 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Scientific Research (C) 17K07291 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Young Scientists (A) 17H05091 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Young Scientists (B) 25860733 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Challenging Exploratory Research 24659438 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Challenging Exploratory Research 18K19515 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Health Labor Sciences Research Grant for Research on Development of New Drugs H24-Soyaku-Sogo-002 Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan
- Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences JP15dm0107026 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences JP20dm0107061 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- Practical Research Projects for Rare/Intractable Diseases JP16ek0109018 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- Practical Research Projects for Rare/Intractable Diseases JP19ek0109222 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- Practical Research Projects for Rare/Intractable Diseases JP20ek0109316 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- Platform Project for Supporting Drug Discovery and Life Science Research JP19am0101072 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- Intramural Research Grants for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders 27-7 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- Intramural Research Grants for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders 27-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- Intramural Research Grants for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders 30-3 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- Intramural Research Grants for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders 30-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- Intramural Research Grants for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders 3-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- IBC Grant H28 Japan Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association
- 2017 Takeda Science Foundation
- 2016 Takeda Science Foundation
- 2018 SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Fujino
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morio Ueyama
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Ishiguro
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ozawa
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hayato Ito
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sugiki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asako Murata
- Department of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and28 Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiguro
- Research Center for Micro-nano Technology, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tania Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
| | - Kohji Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tokuda
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Taminato
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuya Konno
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihide Koyama
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Toshimichi Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakatani
- Department of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and28 Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Taguchi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Nakahara Y, Mitsui J, Date H, Porto KJ, Hayashi Y, Yamashita A, Kusakabe Y, Matsukawa T, Ishiura H, Yasuda T, Iwata A, Goto J, Ichikawa Y, Momose Y, Takahashi Y, Toda T, Ohta R, Yoshimura J, Morishita S, Gustavsson EK, Christy D, Maczis M, Farrer MJ, Kim HJ, Park SS, Jeon B, Zhang J, Gu W, Scholz SW, Singleton AB, Houlden H, Yabe I, Sasaki H, Matsushima M, Takashima H, Kikuchi A, Aoki M, Hara K, Kakita A, Yamada M, Takahashi H, Onodera O, Nishizawa M, Watanabe H, Ito M, Sobue G, Ishikawa K, Mizusawa H, Kanai K, Kuwabara S, Arai K, Koyano S, Kuroiwa Y, Hasegawa K, Yuasa T, Yasui K, Nakashima K, Ito H, Izumi Y, Kaji R, Kato T, Kusunoki S, Osaki Y, Horiuchi M, Yamamoto K, Shimada M, Miyagawa T, Kawai Y, Nishida N, Tokunaga K, Dürr A, Brice A, Filla A, Klockgether T, Wüllner U, Tanner CM, Kukull WA, Lee VMY, Masliah E, Low PA, Sandroni P, Ozelius L, Foroud T, Tsuji S. Genome-wide association study identifies a new susceptibility locus in PLA2G4C for Multiple System Atrophy. medRxiv 2023:2023.05.02.23289328. [PMID: 37425910 PMCID: PMC10327266 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.23289328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular basis of multiple system atrophy (MSA), a neurodegenerative disease, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a Japanese MSA case/control series followed by replication studies in Japanese, Korean, Chinese, European and North American samples. In the GWAS stage rs2303744 on chromosome 19 showed a suggestive association ( P = 6.5 × 10 -7 ) that was replicated in additional Japanese samples ( P = 2.9 × 10 -6 . OR = 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 1.91), and then confirmed as highly significant in a meta-analysis of East Asian population data ( P = 5.0 × 10 -15 . Odds ratio= 1.49; 95% CI 1.35 to 1.72). The association of rs2303744 with MSA remained significant in combined European/North American samples ( P =0.023. Odds ratio=1.14; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.28) despite allele frequencies being quite different between these populations. rs2303744 leads to an amino acid substitution in PLA2G4C that encodes the cPLA2γ lysophospholipase/transacylase. The cPLA2γ-Ile143 isoform encoded by the MSA risk allele has significantly decreased transacylase activity compared with the alternate cPLA2γ-Val143 isoform that may perturb membrane phospholipids and α-synuclein biology.
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8
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Mitsui J, Matsukawa T, Uemura Y, Kawahara T, Chikada A, Porto KJL, Naruse H, Tanaka M, Ishiura H, Toda T, Kuzuyama H, Hirano M, Wada I, Ga T, Moritoyo T, Takahashi Y, Mizusawa H, Ishikawa K, Yokota T, Kuwabara S, Sawamoto N, Takahashi R, Abe K, Ishihara T, Onodera O, Matsuse D, Yamasaki R, Kira JI, Katsuno M, Hanajima R, Ogata K, Takashima H, Matsushima M, Yabe I, Sasaki H, Tsuji S. High-dose ubiquinol supplementation in multiple-system atrophy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101920. [PMID: 37256098 PMCID: PMC10225719 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functionally impaired variants of COQ2, encoding an enzyme in biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), were found in familial multiple system atrophy (MSA) and V393A in COQ2 is associated with sporadic MSA. Furthermore, reduced levels of CoQ10 have been demonstrated in MSA patients. Methods This study was a multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Patients with MSA were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ubiquinol (1500 mg/day) or placebo. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in the unified multiple system atrophy rating scale (UMSARS) part 2 at 48 weeks. Efficacy was assessed in all patients who completed at least one efficacy assessment (full analysis set). Safety analyses included patients who completed at least one dose of investigational drug. This trial is registered with UMIN-CTR (UMIN000031771), where the drug name of MSA-01 was used to designate ubiquinol. Findings Between June 26, 2018, and May 27, 2019, 139 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the ubiquinol group (n = 69) or the placebo group (n = 70). A total of 131 patients were included in the full analysis set (63 in the ubiquinol group; 68 in the placebo group). This study met the primary efficacy outcome (least square mean difference in UMSARS part 2 score (-1.7 [95% CI, -3.2 to -0.2]; P = 0.023)). The ubiquinol group also showed better secondary efficacy outcomes (Barthel index, Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, and time required to walk 10 m). Rates of adverse events potentially related to the investigational drug were comparable between ubiquinol (n = 15 [23.8%]) and placebo (n = 21 [30.9%]). Interpretation High-dose ubiquinol was well-tolerated and led to a significantly smaller decline of UMSARS part 2 score compared with placebo. Funding Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Department of Data Sciences, Biostatistics Section, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawahara
- Clinical Research Promotion Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Chikada
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kristine Joyce L. Porto
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Naruse
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruko Kuzuyama
- Clinical Research Promotion Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Hirano
- Clinical Research Promotion Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikue Wada
- Clinical Research Promotion Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Ga
- Clinical Research Promotion Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritoyo
- Clinical Research Promotion Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobukatsu Sawamoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ishihara
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Dai Matsuse
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanajima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ogata
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Higashisaitama National Hospital, Hasuda, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsushima
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidenao Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
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9
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Honda T, Matsumura K, Hashimoto Y, Yokota T, Mizusawa H, Nagao S, Ishikawa K. Temporal Relationship between Impairment of Cerebellar Motor Learning and Deterioration of Ataxia in Patients with Cerebellar Degeneration. Cerebellum 2023:10.1007/s12311-023-01545-1. [PMID: 37115382 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia and impaired motor learning are both fundamental features in diseases affecting the cerebellum. However, it remains unclarified whether motor learning is impaired only when ataxia clearly manifests, nor it is known whether the progression of ataxia, the speed of which often varies among patients with the same disease, can be monitored by examining motor learning. We evaluated motor learning and ataxia at intervals of several months in 40 patients with degenerative conditions [i.e., multiple system atrophy (MSA), Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), SCA6, and SCA31]. Motor learning was quantified as the adaptability index (AI) in the prism adaptation task and ataxia was scored using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). We found that AI decreased most markedly in both MSA-C and MSA-P, moderately in MJD, and mildly in SCA6 and SCA31. Overall, the AI decrease occurred more rapidly than the SARA score increase. Interestingly, AIs remained normal in purely parkinsonian MSA-P patients (n = 4), but they dropped into the ataxia range when these patients started to show ataxia. The decrease in AI during follow-up (dAI/dt) was significant in patients with SARA scores < 10.5 compared with patients with SARA scores ≥ 10.5, indicating that AI is particularly useful for diagnosing the earlier phase of cerebellar degeneration. We conclude that AI is a useful marker for progressions of cerebellar diseases, and that evaluating the motor learning of patients can be particularly valuable for detecting cerebellar impairment, which is often masked by parkinsonisms and other signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Honda
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Basic Technology Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
- Laboratory for Higher Brain Function, Nozomi Hospital, Ina, Kitaadachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
- The Center for Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Matsumura
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, 2-1-1 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Yuji Hashimoto
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Soichi Nagao
- Laboratory for Higher Brain Function, Nozomi Hospital, Ina, Kitaadachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- The Center for Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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10
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Nakamichi K, Miura Y, Shimokawa T, Takahashi K, Suzuki T, Funata N, Harada M, Mori K, Sanjo N, Yukitake M, Takahashi K, Hamaguchi T, Izaki S, Oji S, Nakahara J, Ae R, Kosami K, Nukuzuma S, Nakamura Y, Nomura K, Kishida S, Mizusawa H, Yamada M, Takao M, Ebihara H, Saijo M. Nationwide Laboratory Surveillance of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Japan: Fiscal Years 2011-2020. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040968. [PMID: 37112948 PMCID: PMC10144269 DOI: 10.3390/v15040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a devastating demyelinating disease caused by JC virus (JCV), predominantly affecting patients with impaired cellular immunity. PML is a non-reportable disease with a few exceptions, making national surveillance difficult. In Japan, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for JCV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is performed at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases to support PML diagnosis. To clarify the overall profile of PML in Japan, patient data provided at the time of CSF-JCV testing over 10 years (FY2011-2020) were analyzed. PCR testing for 1537 new suspected PML cases was conducted, and 288 (18.7%) patients tested positive for CSF-JCV. An analysis of the clinical information on all individuals tested revealed characteristics of PML cases, including the geographic distribution, age and sex patterns, and CSF-JCV-positivity rates among the study subjects for each type of underlying condition. During the last five years of the study period, a surveillance system utilizing ultrasensitive PCR testing and widespread clinical attention to PML led to the detection of CSF-JCV in the earlier stages of the disease. The results of this study will provide valuable information not only for PML diagnosis, but also for the treatment of PML-predisposing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Nakamichi
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Miura
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimokawa
- Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Funata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Koichiro Mori
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yukitake
- Department of Neurology, Kouhoukai Takagi Hospital, Okawa-shi 831-0016, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Hokuriku Brain and Neuromuscular Disease Center, National Hospital Organization Iou National Hospital, Kanazawa-shi 920-0192, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shoko Izaki
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Saitama Hospital, Wako-shi 351-0102, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe-shi 350-8550, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoru Oji
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe-shi 350-8550, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Ae
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koki Kosami
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Souichi Nukuzuma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe-shi 650-0046, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Nomura
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe-shi 350-8550, Saitama, Japan
- Higashimatsuyama Municipal Hospital, Higashimatsuyama-shi 355-0005, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuji Kishida
- Department of Neurology, Narita Tomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Tomisato-shi 286-0201, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kudanzaka Hospital, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Medical Affairs Department, Health and Welfare Bureau, Sapporo-shi 060-0042, Hokkaido, Japan
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11
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Kawano O, Saito T, Sumitomo N, Takeshita E, Shimizu-Motohashi Y, Nakagawa E, Mizuma K, Tanifuji S, Itai T, Miyatake S, Matsumoto N, Takahashi Y, Mizusawa H, Sasaki M. Skeletal anomaly and opisthotonus in early-onset epileptic encephalopathy with KCNQ2 abnormality. Brain Dev 2023; 45:231-236. [PMID: 36631315 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous KCNQ2 variants cause benign familial neonatal seizures and early-onset epileptic encephalopathy in an autosomal dominant manner; the latter is called KCNQ2 encephalopathy. No case of KCNQ2 encephalopathy with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita has been reported. Furthermore, early-onset scoliosis and opisthotonus have not been documented as characteristics of KCNQ2 encephalopathy. CASE REPORT A male infant born with scoliosis and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita developed intractable epilepsy on the second day of life. At 4 months of age, he developed opisthotonus. The opisthotonus was refractory to medication in the beginning, and it spontaneously disappeared at 8 months of age. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel de novo heterozygous variant in KCNQ2, NM_172107.4:c.839A > C, p.(Tyr280Ser). CONCLUSIONS Early-onset scoliosis, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, and opisthotonus may be related to KCNQ2 encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kawano
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Noriko Sumitomo
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Takeshita
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakagawa
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Mizuma
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tanifuji
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itai
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Hamada S, Takahashi-Iwata I, Satoh K, Kitamoto T, Mizusawa H, Moriwaka F, Yabe I. Genetic Creutzfeldt‒Jakob disease with 5-octapeptide repeats presented as frontotemporal dementia. Hum Genome Var 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 36977684 PMCID: PMC10050173 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-023-00237-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminus of the PRNP gene normally contains a 5-octapeptide repeat (R1-R2-R2-R3-R4), and insertions at this locus can cause hereditary prion diseases. In the present study, we found a 5-octapeptide repeat insertion (5-OPRI) in a sibling case of frontotemporal dementia. Consistent with previous literature, 5-OPRI rarely met the diagnostic criteria for Creutzfeldt‒Jakob disease (CJD). We propose 5-OPRI as a suspected causative mutation for early-onset dementia, especially the frontotemporal type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hamada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido Neurology Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi-Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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13
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Hamanaka K, Yamauchi D, Koshimizu E, Watase K, Mogushi K, Ishikawa K, Mizusawa H, Tsuchida N, Uchiyama Y, Fujita A, Misawa K, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Matsumoto N. Genome-wide identification of tandem repeats associated with splicing variation across 49 tissues in humans. Genome Res 2023; 33:435-447. [PMID: 37307504 PMCID: PMC10078293 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277335.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Tandem repeats (TRs) are one of the largest sources of polymorphism, and their length is associated with gene regulation. Although previous studies reported several tandem repeats regulating gene splicing in cis (spl-TRs), no large-scale study has been conducted. In this study, we established a genome-wide catalog of 9537 spl-TRs with a total of 58,290 significant TR-splicing associations across 49 tissues (false discovery rate 5%) by using Genotype-Tissue expression (GTex) Project data. Regression models explaining splicing variation by using spl-TRs and other flanking variants suggest that at least some of the spl-TRs directly modulate splicing. In our catalog, two spl-TRs are known loci for repeat expansion diseases, spinocerebellar ataxia 6 (SCA6) and 12 (SCA12). Splicing alterations by these spl-TRs were compatible with those observed in SCA6 and SCA12. Thus, our comprehensive spl-TR catalog may help elucidate the pathomechanism of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | | | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kei Watase
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- The Center for Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Misawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan;
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14
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Saitoh Y, Mizusawa H. Parkinson's Disease: The Dirty Truth About the Air - Authors' Reply. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:1181-1182. [PMID: 36911478 PMCID: PMC9996487 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_878_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Saitoh
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0042, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Matsuoka K, Watanabe M, Ohmori T, Nakajima K, Ishida T, Ishiguro Y, Kanke K, Kobayashi K, Hirai F, Watanabe K, Mizusawa H, Kishida S, Miura Y, Ohta A, Kajioka T, Hibi T. AJM300 (carotegrast methyl), an oral antagonist of α4-integrin, as induction therapy for patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:648-657. [PMID: 35366419 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Advanced Research Institute and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Ohmori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ohmori Toshihide Gastro-intestinal Clinic, Ageo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakajima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Division, Matsushima Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishida
- Department of IBD and Gastroenterology, Ishida Clinic of IBD and Gastroenterology, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoh Ishiguro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, National Hospital Organization Hirosaki National Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kanke
- Gastrointestinal Division, Kanke Gastrointestinal Clinic, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kobayashi
- Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Kishida
- Cranial Nerve Internal Medicine Department, Narita Tomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Tomisato, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Miura
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Clinical Development Department, EA Pharma, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Kosami K, Ae R, Hamaguchi T, Sanjo N, Tsukamoto T, Kitamoto T, Yamada M, Mizusawa H, Nakamura Y. Methionine homozygosity for PRNP polymorphism and susceptibility to human prion diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:779-784. [PMID: 35387866 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-328720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies have assessed the independent association of methionine homozygosity at codon 129 with the susceptibility to prion diseases, controlling for the effects of the codon 219 polymorphisms and other potential confounders, using a large-scale population-based dataset. METHODS We conducted a case-control study using a Japanese nationwide surveillance database for prion diseases. The main exposure was methionine homozygosity at codon 129, and the outcome was development of prion diseases. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed for specific disease subtypes (sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), genetic CJD and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS)). RESULTS Of 5461 patients registered in the database, 2440 cases and 796 controls remained for the analysis. The cases comprised 1676 patients with sporadic CJD (69%), 649 with genetic CJD (27%) and 115 with GSS (5%). For patients with methionine homozygosity, potential risk for occurring prion diseases: adjusted OR (95% CI) was 2.21 (1.46 to 3.34) in sporadic CJD, 0.47 (0.32 to 0.68) in genetic CJD and 0.3 (0.17 to 0.55) in GSS. Among patients with specific prion protein abnormalities, the potential risk was 0.27 (0.17 to 0.41) in genetic CJD with 180 Val/Ile, 1.66 (0.65 to 5.58) in genetic CJD with 200 Glu/Lys, 3.97 (1.2 to 24.62) in genetic CJD with 232 Met/Arg and 0.71 (0.34 to 1.67) in GSS with 102 Pro/Leu. CONCLUSIONS Methionine homozygosity at codon 129 was predisposing to sporadic CJD, but protective against genetic CJD and GSS, after adjustment for codon 219 polymorphism effect. However, the impacts differed completely among patients with specific prion protein abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kosami
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Ae
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Neurology & Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kudanzaka Hospital, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Division of Public Health, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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17
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Mochizuki H, Aoki M, Ikenaka K, Inoue H, Iwatsubo T, Ugawa Y, Okazawa H, Ono K, Onodera O, Kitagawa K, Saito Y, Shimohata T, Takahashi R, Toda T, Nakahara J, Matsumoto R, Mizusawa H, Mitsui J, Murayama S, Katsuno M, Aoki Y, Ishiura H, Izumi Y, Koike H, Shimada H, Takahashi Y, Tokuda T, Nakajima H, Hatano T, Misawa S, Watanabe H. [Recommendations (Proposal) for promoting research for overcoming neurological diseases 2020]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2022; 62:429-442. [PMID: 35644579 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese Society of Neurology discusses research, education, and medical care in the field of neurology and makes recommendations to the national government. Dr. Mizusawa, the former representative director of the Japanese Society of Neurology, selected committee members and made "Recommendations for Promotion of Research for Overcoming Neurological Diseases" in 2013. After that, the Future Vision Committee was established in 2014, and these recommendations have been revised once every few years by the committee. This time, the Future Vision Committee made the latest recommendations from 2020 to 2021. In this section I, we will discuss clinical and research topics of neurology categorized by the methodology, including genetic research, translational research, nucleic acid therapies, iPS research, and nursing/welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | | | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | | | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kobe University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University
| | | | | | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, A Major Basic-Science Department at National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Haruki Koike
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Hospital
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Hideto Nakajima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Sonoko Misawa
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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18
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Mochizuki H, Aoki M, Ikenaka K, Inoue H, Iwatsubo T, Ugawa Y, Okazawa H, Ono K, Onodera O, Kitagawa K, Saito Y, Shimohata T, Takahashi R, Toda T, Nakahara J, Matsumoto R, Mizusawa H, Mitsui J, Murayama S, Katsuno M, Aoki Y, Ishiura H, Izumi Y, Koike H, Shimada H, Takahashi Y, Tokuda T, Nakajima H, Hatano T, Misawa S, Watanabe H. [Recommendations (Proposal) for promoting research for overcoming neurological diseases 2020]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2022; 62:443-457. [PMID: 35644580 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese Society of Neurology discusses research, education, and medical care in the field of neurology and makes recommendations to the national government. Dr. Mizusawa, the former representative director of the Japanese Society of Neurology, selected committee members and made "Recommendations for Promotion of Research for Overcoming Neurological Diseases" in 2013. After that, the Future Vision Committee was established in 2014, and these recommendations have been revised once every few years by the committee. This time, the Future Vision Committee made the latest recommendations from 2020 to 2021. In this section II, we will discuss clinical and research topics of neurology categorized by the diseases. In each field, the hot topic of the disease was described by the expert.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | | | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | | | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kobe University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University
| | | | | | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, A Major Basic-Science Department at National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Haruki Koike
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Hospital
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Hideto Nakajima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Sonoko Misawa
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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19
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Takahashi Y, Date H, Oi H, Adachi T, Imanishi N, Kimura E, Takizawa H, Kosugi S, Matsumoto N, Kosaki K, Matsubara Y, Mizusawa H. Six years' accomplishment of the Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases: nationwide project in Japan to discover causes, mechanisms, and cures. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:505-513. [PMID: 35318459 PMCID: PMC9402437 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The identification of causative genetic variants for hereditary diseases has revolutionized clinical medicine and an extensive collaborative framework with international cooperation has become a global trend to understand rare disorders. The Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (IRUD) was established in Japan to provide accurate diagnosis, discover causes, and ultimately provide cures for rare and undiagnosed diseases. The fundamental IRUD system consists of three pillars: IRUD diagnostic coordination, analysis centers (IRUD-ACs), and a data center (IRUD-DC). IRUD diagnostic coordination consists of clinical centers (IRUD-CLs) and clinical specialty subgroups (IRUD-CSSs). In addition, the IRUD coordinating center (IRUD-CC) manages the entire IRUD system and temporarily operates the IRUD resource center (IRUD-RC). By the end of March 2021, 6301 pedigrees consisting of 18,136 individuals were registered in the IRUD. The whole-exome sequencing method was completed in 5136 pedigrees, and a final diagnosis was established in 2247 pedigrees (43.8%). The total number of aberrated genes and pathogenic variants was 657 and 1718, among which 1113 (64.8%) were novel. In addition, 39 novel disease entities or phenotypes with 41 aberrated genes were identified. The 6-year endeavor of IRUD has been an overwhelming success, establishing an all-Japan comprehensive diagnostic and research system covering all geographic areas and clinical specialties/subspecialties. IRUD has accurately diagnosed diseases, identified novel aberrated genes or disease entities, discovered many candidate genes, and enriched phenotypic and pathogenic variant databases. Further promotion of the IRUD is essential for determining causes and developing cures for rare and undiagnosed diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Date
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hideki Oi
- Department of Clinical Data Science, Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takeya Adachi
- Keio Frontier Research & Education Collaborative Square (K-FRECS) at Tonomachi, Keio University, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Medical Regulatory Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Imanishi
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - En Kimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.,Astellas Pharma Incorporated, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hotake Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kosugi
- Department of Medical Ethics/Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
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20
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Araki W, Kanemaru K, Hattori K, Tsukamoto T, Saito Y, Yoshida S, Takano H, Sakata M, Yokoi Y, Omachi Y, Nagaoka U, Nagao M, Komori T, Tachimori H, Murayama S, Mizusawa H. Soluble APP-α and APP-β in cerebrospinal fluid as potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:341-347. [PMID: 34283410 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concentrations of soluble amyloid precursor proteins-α (sAPPα) and -β (sAPPβ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may reflect the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported that the concentrations of both sAPPα and sAPPβ were significantly higher in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (MCI-AD) than in control subjects without cognitive impairment. The present study analyzed whether these sAPPs are useful in the differential diagnosis of MCI. METHODS A modified and sensitive method was used to analyze concentrations of sAPPα and sAPPβ in CSF of patients with MCI-AD (n = 30) and MCI due to other causes (MCI-others) (n = 24). Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid β-protein 42 (Aβ42) were also analyzed using standard methods. RESULTS CSF concentrations of sAPPα and sAPPβ were significantly higher in the MCI-AD than in the MCI-others group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, concentrations of both sAPPα and sAPPβ were highly correlated with the concentration of p-tau, consistent with our previous report. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of both sAPPs in CSF using sensitive methods can be helpful in the precise differential diagnosis of patients with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Araki
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazutomi Kanemaru
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuko Saito
- National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yuma Yokoi
- National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshie Omachi
- National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Utako Nagaoka
- Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagao
- Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Aizawa H, Kato H, Oba K, Kawahara T, Okubo Y, Saito T, Naito M, Urushitani M, Tamaoka A, Nakamagoe K, Ishii K, Kanda T, Katsuno M, Atsuta N, Maeda Y, Nagai M, Nishiyama K, Ishiura H, Toda T, Kawata A, Abe K, Yabe I, Takahashi-Iwata I, Sasaki H, Warita H, Aoki M, Sobue G, Mizusawa H, Matsuyama Y, Haga T, Kwak S. Randomized phase 2 study of perampanel for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2022; 269:885-896. [PMID: 34191081 PMCID: PMC8782807 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of perampanel in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 2 clinical study was conducted at 12 sites. Patients with probable or definite ALS as defined by revised El Escorial criteria were enrolled. Sixty-six patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive placebo, 4 mg perampanel, or 8 mg perampanel daily for 48 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded throughout the trial period. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score after 48 weeks of treatment. RESULTS One patient withdrew before starting the treatment. Of 65 patients included, 18 of 22 patients randomized to placebo (82%), 14 of 22 patients randomized to 4 mg perampanel (64%), and 7 of 21 patients randomized to 8 mg perampanel (33%) completed the trial. There was a significant difference in the change of ALSFRS-R scores [- 8.4 (95% CI - 13.9 to - 2.9); p = 0.015] between the placebo and the perampanel 8 mg group, primarily due to worsening of the bulbar subscore in the perampanel 8 mg group. Serious AEs were more frequent in the perampanel 8 mg group than in the placebo group (p = 0.0483). CONCLUSIONS Perampanel was associated with a significant decline in ALSFRS-R score and was linked to worsening of the bulbar subscore in the 8 mg group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Aizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Haruhisa Kato
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Oba
- Department of Biostatics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawahara
- Central Coordinating Unit, Clinical Research Support Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Okubo
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Naito
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakamagoe
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Atsuta
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Maeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Saishun Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawata
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, University of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi-Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidenao Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Warita
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- Department of Biostatics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Haga
- Central Coordinating Unit, Clinical Research Support Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kwak
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Mizusawa H, Saitoh Y. Current evidence for the association between air pollution and parkinson's disease. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:S41-S46. [PMID: 36213098 PMCID: PMC9540826 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_62_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and its global incidence is on the rise. There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution in the development of human disease. Although the precise mechanisms are not understood, several epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between air pollution and the risk of PD. However, the various pollutants studied, endpoints measured, and differences in study design yield conflicting results. This review summarizes recent evidence regarding the relationship between particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide and PD. Limitations and challenges are also discussed, with suggestions for future work to understand the true effects of air pollution on PD.
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Zeniya S, Sanjo N, Kuwahara H, Ishikawa K, Higashi M, Matsunaga A, Yoneda M, Mizusawa H, Yokota T. Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 31 Exacerbated by Anti-amino Terminal of Alpha-enolase Autoantibodies. Intern Med 2022; 61:2793-2796. [PMID: 36104177 PMCID: PMC9556240 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8883-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a 61-year-old woman who was genetically diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 whose symptoms were modified by anti-amino terminal of alpha-enolase (NAE) antibodies, known as a biomarker of Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE), and ultimately responded to immunotherapy. The relative titers of anti-NAE antibodies increased when her cerebellar ataxia showed acute deterioration and decreased after immunotherapy. This is the first report of cerebellar ataxia associated with genetic spinocerebellar ataxia with concomitant cerebellar type HE. Physicians should be mindful of measuring anti-NAE antibodies to prevent overlooking patients with genetic spinocerebellar ataxia with treatable simultaneous ataxic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Zeniya
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kuwahara
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- The Center for Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Miwa Higashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsunaga
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoneda
- Faculty of Nursing and Social Welfare Sciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Mochizuki H, Aoki M, Ikenaka K, Inoue H, Iwatsubo T, Ugawa Y, Okazawa H, Ono K, Onodera O, Kitagawa K, Saito Y, Shimohata T, Takahashi R, Toda T, Nakahara J, Matsumoto R, Mizusawa H, Mitsui J, Murayama S, Katsuno M, Aoki Y, Ishiura H, Izumi Y, Koike H, Shimada H, Takahashi Y, Tokuda T, Nakajima H, Hatano T, Misawa S, Watanabe H. [Recommendations (Proposal) for promoting research for overcoming neurological diseases 2020]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2021; 61:709-721. [PMID: 34657923 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese Society of Neurology discusses research, education, and medical care in the field of neurology and makes recommendations to the national government. Dr. Mizusawa, the former representative director of the Japanese Society of Neurology, selected committee members and made "Recommendations for Promotion of Research for Overcoming Neurological Diseases" in 2013. After that, the Future Vision Committee was established in 2014, and these recommendations have been revised once every few years by the committee. This time, the Future Vision Committee made the latest recommendations from 2020 to 2021. In this document, the general part is 1) What is neurological disease? 2) Current status of neurological disease overcoming research, 3) Significance and necessity of neurological disease overcoming research, 4) Research promotion system for overcoming neurological disease, 5) the roadmap for overcoming neuromuscular diseases, 6) a summary version of these recommendations are explained using figures that are easy for the general public to understand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | | | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | | | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kobe University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University
| | | | | | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, A Major Basic-Science Department at National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Haruki Koike
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Hospital
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Hideto Nakajima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Sonoko Misawa
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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25
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Hamaguchi T, Sakai K, Kobayashi A, Kitamoto T, Ae R, Nakamura Y, Sanjo N, Arai K, Koide M, Katada F, Harada M, Murai H, Murayama S, Tsukamoto T, Mizusawa H, Yamada M. Characterization of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and History of Neurosurgery to Identify Potential Iatrogenic Cases. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1140-1146. [PMID: 32442393 PMCID: PMC7258447 DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.181969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a phenotype of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), CJD-MMiK, that could help identify iatrogenic CJD. To find cases mimicking CJD-MMiK, we investigated clinical features and pathology of 1,155 patients with diagnosed sporadic CJD or unclassified CJD with and without history of neurosurgery. Patients with history of neurosurgery more frequently had an absence of periodic sharp-wave complexes on electroencephalogram than patients without a history of neurosurgery. Among 27 patients with history of neurosurgery, 5 had no periodic sharp-wave complexes on electroencephalogram. We confirmed 1 case of CJD-MMiK and suspected another. Both had methionine homozygosity at codon 129 of the prion protein gene and hyperintensity lesions in the thalamus on magnetic resonance images of the brain, which might be a clinical marker of CJD-MMiK. A subgroup with a history of neurosurgery and clinical features mimicking dura mater graft-associated CJD might have been infected during neurosurgery and had symptoms develop after many years.
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Abstract
The Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (IRUD) has established a unified all-Japan diagnostic and research scheme for rare and undiagnosed diseases covering the entire geographic areas and specialty/subspecialty fields. The fundamental IRUD scheme consists of six components: coordinating center (IRUD-CC), clinical center (IRUD-CL), clinical specialty subgroup (IRUD-CSS), analysis center (IRUD-AC), data center (IRUD-DC), and resource center (IRUD-RC). IRUD has registered many pedigrees with undiagnosed diseases, established their diagnoses with high diagnostic rate, identified novel causative genes and new disease entities, and promoted extensive data sharing and international collaboration. IRUD plays an important role in the national medical support network for rare and intractable diseases together with academic societies and national centers. Promotion of IRUD would be essential in elucidating causes and ultimately providing cures for rare and undiagnosed diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Mizusawa H. Memorial note - Professor Asao Hirano. Neuropathology 2020; 40:317-318. [PMID: 33245163 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sakai K, Hamaguchi T, Sanjo N, Murai H, Iwasaki Y, Hamano T, Honma M, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Nozaki I, Nakamura Y, Kitamoto T, Harada M, Mizusawa H, Yamada M. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in dura mater graft-associated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neurol Sci 2020; 418:117094. [PMID: 32823134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the extension patterns of the hyperintense areas on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in patients with dura mater graft-associated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (dCJD). METHODS We collected the DW-MRI of dCJD cases identified by the CJD Surveillance Committee in Japan, between April 1999 and February 2018. The dCJD cases were classified into non-plaque and plaque-types. The relationship among the abnormal signals, the pathological classification, and the sites of grafting were analyzed. RESULTS We collected DW-MRI of 11 patients with dCJD, all of whom were methionine homozygous at codon 129 of the prion protein gene. The age at onset was 41 (26-76) [median (range)] years, the age at dural grafting was 19 (10-53) years, and the incubation period was 22 (16-29) years. Eight dCJD cases were classified as non-plaque-type and three cases were plaque-type. Five of the non-plaque-type cases and all the plaque-type cases were pathologically confirmed. Brain DW-MRI was performed 3 (1-22) months after the onset. Most of the non-plaque-type cases showed brighter hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia on the side of dural grafting. Subsequent DW-MRI showed widespread hyperintense lesions in the brain. Regarding the plaque-type cases, initial scans showed hyperintensity in the basal ganglia and the thalamus in one patient. Another patient's lesion was confined to the basal ganglia. The third patient showed no abnormalities seven months post-onset; however, serial images showed a hyperintensity confined to the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Non-plaque and plaque-types demonstrated different patterns of propagation of distinct prion strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sakai
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murai
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Aging and Dementia (DAD), University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mari Honma
- Department of Neurology, Masu Memorial Hospital, 100 Sumiyoshi, Nihonmatsu 964-0867, Japan
| | - Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan; Department of Preemptive Medicine for Dementia, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Division of CJD Science and Technology, Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira 187-8551, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8604, Japan.
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Hamaguchi T, Sanjo N, Ae R, Nakamura Y, Sakai K, Takao M, Murayama S, Iwasaki Y, Satoh K, Murai H, Harada M, Tsukamoto T, Mizusawa H, Yamada M. MM2-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: new diagnostic criteria for MM2-cortical type. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:1158-1165. [PMID: 32839349 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clinically diagnose MM2-cortical (MM2C) and MM2-thalamic (MM2T)-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) at early stage with high sensitivity and specificity. METHODS We reviewed the results of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Surveillance Study in Japan between April 1999 and September 2019, which included 254 patients with pathologically confirmed prion diseases, including 9 with MM2C-type sCJD (MM2C-sCJD) and 10 with MM2T-type sCJD (MM2T-sCJD), and 607 with non-prion diseases. RESULTS According to the conventional criteria of sCJD, 4 of 9 patients with MM2C- and 7 of 10 patients with MM2T-sCJD could not be diagnosed with probable sCJD until their death. Compared with other types of sCJD, patients with MM2C-sCJD showed slower progression of the disease and cortical distribution of hyperintensity lesions on diffusion-weighted images of brain MRI. Patients with MM2T-sCJD also showed relatively slow progression and negative results for most of currently established investigations for diagnosis of sCJD. To clinically diagnose MM2C-sCJD, we propose the new criteria; diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to distinguish 'probable' MM2C-sCJD from other subtypes of sCJD, genetic or acquired prion diseases and non-prion disease controls were 77.8% and 98.5%, respectively. As for MM2T-sCJD, clinical and laboratory features are not characterised enough to develop its diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS MM2C-sCJD can be diagnosed at earlier stage using the new criteria with high sensitivity and specificity, although it is still difficult to diagnose MM2T-sCJD clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Ae
- Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Saitama International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murai
- Department of Neurology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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Román GC, Spencer PS, Reis J, Buguet A, Faris MEA, Katrak SM, Láinez M, Medina MT, Meshram C, Mizusawa H, Öztürk S, Wasay M. The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: A proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries. J Neurol Sci 2020; 414:116884. [PMID: 32464367 PMCID: PMC7204734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the neurological disorders reported during the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the muscle. CNS manifestations include: headache and decreased responsiveness considered initial indicators of potential neurological involvement; anosmia, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and dysgeusia are frequent early symptoms of coronavirus infection. Respiratory failure, the lethal manifestation of COVID-19, responsible for 264,679 deaths worldwide, is probably neurogenic in origin and may result from the viral invasion of cranial nerve I, progressing into rhinencephalon and brainstem respiratory centers. Cerebrovascular disease, in particular large-vessel ischemic strokes, and less frequently cerebral venous thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, usually occur as part of a thrombotic state induced by viral attachment to ACE2 receptors in endothelium causing widespread endotheliitis, coagulopathy, arterial and venous thromboses. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy is associated to the cytokine storm. A frontal hypoperfusion syndrome has been identified. There are isolated reports of seizures, encephalopathy, meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis. The neurological diseases affecting the PNS and muscle in COVID-19 are less frequent and include Guillain-Barré syndrome; Miller Fisher syndrome; polyneuritis cranialis; and rare instances of viral myopathy with rhabdomyolysis. The main conclusion of this review is the pressing need to define the neurology of COVID-19, its frequency, manifestations, neuropathology and pathogenesis. On behalf of the World Federation of Neurology we invite national and regional neurological associations to create local databases to report cases with neurological manifestations observed during the on-going pandemic. International neuroepidemiological collaboration may help define the natural history of this worldwide problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Román
- Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology (ENSG-WFN), London, UK; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 802, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacques Reis
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France and Association RISE, 67205 Oberhausbergen, France
| | - Alain Buguet
- General (r) French Army Health Services, Malaria Research Unit, UMR 5246 CNRS, Claude-Bernard Lyon-1 University, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mostafa El Alaoui Faris
- World Congress of Neurology, Marrakesh WCN2011, Moroccan Foundation Against Neurological Disease, Neurology, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sarosh M Katrak
- Neurology Department, Jaslok Hospital & Research Center, Professor Emeritus GMC and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India
| | - Miguel Láinez
- Spanish Neurological Society, Department of Neurology, University Clinic Hospital, Catholic University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Tulio Medina
- Latin America, WFN, Pan American Federation of Neurological Societies (PAFNS), Neurology and Epileptology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- World Congress of Neurology, Kyoto WCN2017, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Japan, Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Serefnur Öztürk
- Turkish Neurological Society, Department of Neurology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Wasay
- Pakistan International Neuroscience Society, Neurology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Honda T, Mitoma H, Yoshida H, Bando K, Terashi H, Taguchi T, Miyata Y, Kumada S, Hanakawa T, Aizawa H, Yano S, Kondo T, Mizusawa H, Manto M, Kakei S. Assessment and Rating of Motor Cerebellar Ataxias With the Kinect v2 Depth Sensor: Extending Our Appraisal. Front Neurol 2020; 11:179. [PMID: 32218767 PMCID: PMC7078683 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current assessment of patients with cerebellar disorders is based on conventional neurological examination that is dependent on subjective judgements. Quantitative measurement of cerebellar ataxias (CAs) is essential for assessment of evidence-based treatments and the monitoring of the progress or recovery of diseases. It may provide us a useful tool to navigate future treatments for ataxia. We developed a Kinect v2. sensor system with a novel algorithm to measure and evaluate movements for two tests of Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA): the nose-finger test and gait. For the nose-finger test, we evaluated and compared accuracy, regularities and smoothness in the movements of the index finger and the proximal limbs between cerebellar patients and control subjects. For the task of walking, we evaluated and compared stability between the two groups. The precision of the system for evaluation of movements was smaller than 2 mm. For the nose-finger test, the mildly affected patients tended to show more instability than the control subjects. For a severely affected patient, our system quantified the instability of movements of the index finger using kinematic parameters, such as fluctuations and average speed. The average speed appears to be the most sensitive parameter that contrasts between patients with CAs and control subjects. Furthermore, our system also detected the adventitious movements of more proximal body parts, such as the elbow, shoulder and head. Assessment of walking was possible only in patients with mild CAs. They demonstrated large sways and compensatory wide stances. These parameters appeared to show higher accuracy than SARA. This examiner-independent device measures movements of the points of interest of SARA more accurately than eye and further provides additional information about the ataxic movements (e.g., the adventitious movements of the elbow, shoulder and head in the nose-finger test and the wide-based walking with large oscillation in the gait task), which is out of the scope of SARA. Our new system enables more accurate scoring of SARA and further provides additional information that is not currently evaluated with SARA. Therefore, it provides an easier, more accurate and more systematic description of CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Honda
- Movement Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yoshida
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyota Bando
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Terashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taguchi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohane Miyata
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Kumada
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Aizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Yano
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kondo
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Manto
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Shinji Kakei
- Movement Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Takeuchi A, Mohri S, Kai H, Tamaoka A, Kobayashi A, Mizusawa H, Iwasaki Y, Yoshida M, Shimizu H, Murayama S, Kuroda S, Morita M, Parchi P, Kitamoto T. Two distinct prions in fatal familial insomnia and its sporadic form. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz045. [PMID: 32954274 PMCID: PMC7425372 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal familial insomnia is a genetic prion disease, which is associated with the aspartic acid to asparagine substitution at codon 178 of the prion protein gene. Although the hallmark pathological feature is thalamic and olivary degeneration, there is a patient with an atypical fatal familial insomnia without the hallmark feature. The cause of the pathological variability is unclear. We analysed a Japanese fatal familial insomnia kindred and compared one atypical clinicopathological fatal familial insomnia phenotype case and typical fatal familial insomnia phenotype cases with transmission studies using multiple lines of knock-in mice and with protein misfolding cyclic amplification. We also analysed the transmissibility and the amplification properties of sporadic fatal insomnia. Transmission studies revealed that the typical fatal familial insomnia with thalamic and olivary degeneration showed successful transmission only using knock-in mice expressing human-mouse chimeric prion protein gene. The atypical fatal familial insomnia with spongiform changes showed successful transmission only using knock-in mice expressing bank vole prion protein gene. Two sporadic fatal insomnia cases with thalamic and olivary degeneration showed the same transmissibility as the typical fatal familial insomnia phenotype. Interestingly, one sporadic fatal insomnia case with thalamic/olivary degeneration and spongiform changes showed transmissibility of both the typical and atypical fatal familial insomnia phenotypes. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification could amplify both typical fatal familial insomnia cases and sporadic fatal insomnia cases but not the atypical fatal familial insomnia phenotype or other sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease subtypes. In addition to clinical findings and neuropathological features, the transmission properties and the amplification properties were different between the typical and atypical fatal familial insomnia phenotypes. It is suggested that two distinct prions were associated with the diversity in the fatal familial insomnia phenotype, and these two prions could also be detected in sporadic fatal insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shirou Mohri
- Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kai
- Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- The National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (The Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | | | - Masanori Morita
- Research and Development Division, Japan Blood Products Organization, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Piero Parchi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna 40123, Italy
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Department of Neurological Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Bando K, Honda T, Ishikawa K, Takahashi Y, Mizusawa H, Hanakawa T. Impaired Adaptive Motor Learning Is Correlated With Cerebellar Hemispheric Gray Matter Atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Patients: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1183. [PMID: 31803128 PMCID: PMC6871609 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the degree to which recently proposed parameters measured via a prism adaptation task are correlated with changes in cerebellar structure, specifically gray matter volume (GMV), in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD). Methods: We performed whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis on 3-dimensional T1-weighted images obtained from 23 patients with SCD [Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6), 31 (SCA31), 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), and sporadic cortical cerebellar atrophy (CCA)] and 21 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC group). We quantified a composite index representing adaptive motor learning abilities in a hand-reaching task with prism adaptation. After controlling for age, sex, and total intracranial volume, we analyzed group-wise differences in GMV and regional GMV correlations with the adaptive learning index. Results: Compared with the HC group, the SCD group showed reduced adaptive learning abilities and smaller GMV widely in the lobules IV-VIII in the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. In the SCD group, the adaptive learning index was correlated with cerebellar hemispheric atrophy in the right lobule VI, the left Crus I. Additionally, GMV of the left supramarginal gyrus showed a correlation with the adaptive learning index in the SCD group, while the supramarginal region did not accompany reduction of GMV. Conclusions: This study indicated that a composite index derived from a prism adaptation task was correlated with GMV of the lateral cerebellum and the supramarginal gyrus in patients with SCD. This study should contribute to the development of objective biomarkers for disease severity and progression in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Bando
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takeru Honda
- Motor Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Reis J, Mizusawa H. Environmental challenges for the nervous system and the brain in Japan. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:693-697. [PMID: 31627893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Japan provides many lessons for the Environmental Neurology's issues. Drama and disasters have paved the recent history of Japan. The Japanese people have been intoxicated by chemical compounds (methylmercury, sulfur dioxide, cadmium, PCBs and other dioxin-related compounds) and were the victims of several dramatic disasters (atomic bombing, nuclear disaster, sarin gas attack). They are still exposed to air pollution. Prion diseases including dura-graft-associated CJD are still an issue. In addition, continuously spreading chronic wasting disease is a worldwide challenge .
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reis
- Faculté de médecine, université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Association RISE, 67205 Oberhausbergen, France.
| | - H Mizusawa
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi-cho, 187-8551 Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
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Murai H, Nakamura Y, Matsushita T, Kitamoto T, Tsuboi Y, Sanjo N, Yamada M, Mizusawa H. Epidemiological study of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with codon 102 mutation in Japan. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mizusawa H. Iatrogenic abeta transmission. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Taniguchi K, Yamamoto F, Arai T, Yang J, Sakai Y, Itoh M, Mamada N, Sekiguchi M, Yamada D, Saitoh A, Kametani F, Tamaoka A, Araki YM, Wada K, Mizusawa H, Araki W. Tyrosol Reduces Amyloid-β Oligomer Neurotoxicity and Alleviates Synaptic, Oxidative, and Cognitive Disturbances in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:937-952. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Taniguchi
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuya Arai
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Mamada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Saitoh
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yumiko M. Araki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- National Center Hospital, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Araki
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Ogawa M, Maruo K, Sone D, Shimada H, Suzuki K, Watanabe H, Matsuda H, Mizusawa H. Longitudinal analysis of risk factors for dementia based on Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen results and questionnaire responses from healthy Japanese individuals registered in an online database. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2019; 5:347-353. [PMID: 31417956 PMCID: PMC6690416 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Despite an urgent need for developing remedial measures against dementia, no disease-modifying drugs have been developed. Efficient protocols for participant recruitment need to be established for conducting clinical trials. To meet this need, a large-scale online registry system, the Integrated Registry of Orange Plan (IROOP®), was created for healthy individuals. Although the risk factors for dementia have been discussed in our previous studies for a short interval of 6 months, some factors remain controversial. The present study aimed to explore factors affecting longitudinal changes in cognitive function for a longer interval of 18 months using the IROOP® data. Methods This study assessed the longitudinal changes in the collated data for predicting the risk of dementia and included 473 individuals (175 men and 298 women; mean age 59.6 ± 10.1 years) registered in the IROOP® between July 5, 2016 and January 15, 2018 who completed the initial questionnaire and brief assessment of cognitive function (Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen) at baseline and the regular questionnaire and the Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen at least once after baseline. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS, version 23.0, for Windows for demographic data and the MIXED procedure in SAS, version 9.4, for the linear mixed-effect model. In each analysis, the statistical significance level was set at P < .05. Results Mood, sleep, quality of life, and medical histories including cognition were found to influence longitudinal changes in cognitive function. Discussion Given the multifactorial etiology of dementia, preventive measures targeting multiple domains are required for maintaining cognitive function, instead of focusing on one lifestyle factor. Mood consistently influences on longitudinal changes of cognitive function. Sleep is also an important factor for maintaining cognitive function. Given the multifactorial etiology of dementia, multidomain prevention is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Ogawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Innovation Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Innovation Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-042-341-2711; Fax: +81-042-346-2229.
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Ozaki K, Ansai A, Nobuhara K, Araki T, Kubodera T, Ishii T, Higashi M, Sato N, Soga K, Mizusawa H, Ishikawa K, Yokota T. Prevalence and clinicoradiological features of spinocerebellar ataxia type 34 in a Japanese ataxia cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 65:238-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hashiguchi S, Doi H, Kunii M, Nakamura Y, Shimuta M, Suzuki E, Koyano S, Okubo M, Kishida H, Shiina M, Ogata K, Hirashima F, Inoue Y, Kubota S, Hayashi N, Nakamura H, Takahashi K, Katsumoto A, Tada M, Tanaka K, Sasaoka T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Sato N, Ozaki K, Ohta K, Yokota T, Mizusawa H, Mitsui J, Ishiura H, Yoshimura J, Morishita S, Tsuji S, Takeuchi H, Ishikawa K, Matsumoto N, Ishikawa T, Tanaka F. Ataxic phenotype with altered Ca V3.1 channel property in a mouse model for spinocerebellar ataxia 42. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104516. [PMID: 31229688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 42 (SCA42) is a neurodegenerative disorder recently shown to be caused by c.5144G > A (p.Arg1715His) mutation in CACNA1G, which encodes the T-type voltage-gated calcium channel CaV3.1. Here, we describe a large Japanese family with SCA42. Postmortem pathological examination revealed severe cerebellar degeneration with prominent Purkinje cell loss without ubiquitin accumulation in an SCA42 patient. To determine whether this mutation causes ataxic symptoms and neurodegeneration, we generated knock-in mice harboring c.5168G > A (p.Arg1723His) mutation in Cacna1g, corresponding to the mutation identified in the SCA42 family. Both heterozygous and homozygous mutants developed an ataxic phenotype from the age of 11-20 weeks and showed Purkinje cell loss at 50 weeks old. Degenerative change of Purkinje cells and atrophic thinning of the molecular layer were conspicuous in homozygous knock-in mice. Electrophysiological analysis of Purkinje cells using acute cerebellar slices from young mice showed that the point mutation altered the voltage dependence of CaV3.1 channel activation and reduced the rebound action potentials after hyperpolarization, although it did not significantly affect the basic properties of synaptic transmission onto Purkinje cells. Finally, we revealed that the resonance of membrane potential of neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus was decreased in knock-in mice, which indicates that p.Arg1723His CaV3.1 mutation affects climbing fiber signaling to Purkinje cells. Altogether, our study shows not only that a point mutation in CACNA1G causes an ataxic phenotype and Purkinje cell degeneration in a mouse model, but also that the electrophysiological abnormalities at an early stage of SCA42 precede Purkinje cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Misako Kunii
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Misa Shimuta
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Etsuko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shigeru Koyano
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaki Okubo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hitaru Kishida
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hirashima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Flower and Forest Tokyo Hospital, 2-3-6 Nishigahara, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0024, Japan
| | - Yukichi Inoue
- Department of Neurology, Toyama Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital and Support Center for Children with Disabilities, 36 Shimoiino, Toyama 931-8517, Japan
| | - Shun Kubota
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Hayashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsuko Katsumoto
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nozomu Sato
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Kokoro Ozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Kiyobumi Ohta
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshimura
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morishita
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Taro Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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Minikel EV, Vallabh SM, Orseth MC, Brandel JP, Haïk S, Laplanche JL, Zerr I, Parchi P, Capellari S, Safar J, Kenny J, Fong JC, Takada LT, Ponto C, Hermann P, Knipper T, Stehmann C, Kitamoto T, Ae R, Hamaguchi T, Sanjo N, Tsukamoto T, Mizusawa H, Collins SJ, Chiesa R, Roiter I, de Pedro-Cuesta J, Calero M, Geschwind MD, Yamada M, Nakamura Y, Mead S. Age at onset in genetic prion disease and the design of preventive clinical trials. Neurology 2019; 93:e125-e134. [PMID: 31171647 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether preventive trials in genetic prion disease could be designed to follow presymptomatic mutation carriers to onset of disease. METHODS We assembled age at onset or death data from 1,094 individuals with high penetrance mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP) in order to generate survival and hazard curves and test for genetic modifiers of age at onset. We used formulae and simulations to estimate statistical power for clinical trials. RESULTS Genetic prion disease age at onset varies over several decades for the most common mutations and neither sex, parent's age at onset, nor PRNP codon 129 genotype provided additional explanatory power to stratify trials. Randomized preventive trials would require hundreds or thousands of at-risk individuals in order to be statistically powered for an endpoint of clinical onset, posing prohibitive cost and delay and likely exceeding the number of individuals available for such trials. CONCLUSION The characterization of biomarkers suitable to serve as surrogate endpoints will be essential for the prevention of genetic prion disease. Parameters such as longer trial duration, increased enrollment, and the use of historical controls in a postmarketing study could provide opportunities for subsequent determination of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vallabh Minikel
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Sonia M Vallabh
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Margaret C Orseth
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Brandel
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Inga Zerr
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Piero Parchi
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sabina Capellari
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jiri Safar
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Janna Kenny
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jamie C Fong
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Leonel T Takada
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Claudia Ponto
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Peter Hermann
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tobias Knipper
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Christiane Stehmann
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ryusuke Ae
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tadashi Tsukamoto
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Steven J Collins
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ignazio Roiter
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jesús de Pedro-Cuesta
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Miguel Calero
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Masahito Yamada
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Yosikazu Nakamura
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- From Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (E.V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Harvard Medical School, Boston; Prion Alliance (E.V.M., S.M.V.), Cambridge; Harvard Business School (M.C.O.), Boston, MA; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (J.-P.B., S.H.), ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université; Cellule Nationale de Référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (J.-P.B., S.H., J.-L.P.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; National Reference Center for TSE (I.Z., C.P., P.H., T.K.), Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; IRCCS-Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (P.P., S.C.); Departments of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (P.P.) and Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (S.C.), University of Bologna, Italy; National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; MRC Prion Unit at UCL (J.K., S.M.), Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, UK; Memory and Aging Center (J.C.F., L.T.T., M.D.G.), University of California San Francisco; Australian National CJD Registry (C.S., S.J.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurological Science (T.K.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Public Health (R.A., Y.N.), Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke; Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging (T.H., M.Y.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science (N.S.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (T.T., H.M.), Kodaira, Japan; Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology (R.C.), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; AULSS2 Ca' Foncello Hospital (I.R.), Treviso, Italy; Spanish National Reference Center for CJD (J.d.P.-C., M.C.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; and NHS National Prion Clinic (S.M.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Ozaki K, Ohkubo T, Yamada T, Yoshioka K, Ichijo M, Majima T, Kudo S, Akashi T, Honda K, Ito E, Watanabe M, Sekine M, Hamagaki M, Eishi Y, Sanjo N, Ishibashi S, Mizusawa H, Yokota T. Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus Resolving after Thymectomy with Subsequent Anasarca: An Autopsy Case. Intern Med 2018; 57:3451-3458. [PMID: 29984771 PMCID: PMC6306531 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1238-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is an autoimmune disorder involving the brainstem and spinal cord and is sometimes associated with thymoma. We encountered a 75-year-old woman with typical PERM features, glycine receptor antibody, and thymoma. Her neurologic symptoms improved after thymectomy, but she unexpectedly developed anasarca with massive pleural effusions and hypoalbuminemia and finally succumbed to death. The autopsy showed edema and mononuclear infiltration in the pleura but no neuropathological findings typical of PERM. Effective treatment of PERM can reverse the neuropathological signs of encephalomyelitis. The autoimmune nature of anasarca is possible but not proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokoro Ozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Takuya Ohkubo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Care Science, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshioka
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichijo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Takamasa Majima
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kudo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Keiji Honda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Eisaku Ito
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Mayumi Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Masaki Sekine
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Miwako Hamagaki
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishibashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
- The National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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43
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Furukawa F, Sanjo N, Kobayashi A, Hamaguchi T, Yamada M, Kitamoto T, Mizusawa H, Yokota T. Specific amyloid-β42 deposition in the brain of a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease patient with a P105L mutation on the prion protein gene. Prion 2018; 12:315-319. [PMID: 30394185 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2018.1541689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although colocalization of amyloid β (Aβ) with prion protein (PrP) in the kuru plaque has previously been observed in the brain of prion diseases patients, the participating Aβ species has not been identified. Here, we present an immunohistochemical assessment of the brain and spinal cord of a 69-year-old Japanese female patient with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with a P105L mutation on the PRNP gene (GSS-P105L). Immunohistochemical assessment of serial brain sections was performed using anti-PrP and -Aβ antibodies in the hippocampus, frontal and occipital lobes. She died 69 years after a 21-year clinical course. Immunohistochemistorical examination revealed that ~50% of the kuru plaques in the cerebrum were colocalized with Aβ, and Aβ42 was predominantly observed to be colocalized with PrP-plaques. The Aβ deposition patterns were unique, and distinct from diffuse plaques observed in the normal aging brain or Alzheimer's disease brain. The spinal cord exhibited degeneration in the lateral corticospinal tract, posterior horn, and fasciculus gracilis. We have demonstrated for the first time that Aβ42, rather than Aβ40, is the main Aβ component associated with PrP-plaques, and also the degeneration of the fasciculus gracilis in the spinal cord in GSS-P105L, which could be associated with specific clinical features of GSS-P105L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Furukawa
- a Department of Neurology and Neurological Science , Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Yushima Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- a Department of Neurology and Neurological Science , Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Yushima Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- b Laboratory of Comparative Pathology , Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine , Kita-ku, Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- c Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- c Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- d Department of Neurological Science , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | | | - Takanori Yokota
- a Department of Neurology and Neurological Science , Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Yushima Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
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Kobayashi Z, Arai T, Kawakami I, Yokota O, Hosokawa M, Oshima K, Niizato K, Shiraishi A, Akiyama H, Mizusawa H. Clinical features of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia that are useful for predicting underlying pathological subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Psychogeriatrics 2018; 18:307-312. [PMID: 30133939 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is the most common phenotype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FTLD is divided into three main pathological subtypes: tau-positive FTLD (FTLD-tau), FTLD-TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP), and FTLD-Fused in sarcoma (FUS). At present, it is difficult to predict the underlying pathological subtypes of sporadic bvFTD before a patient's death. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the clinical features of 34 Japanese patients with sporadic bvFTD, with or without motor neuron disease (MND), who had been pathologically diagnosed with FTLD. We examined whether, and how, the clinical features differed among Pick's disease, FTLD-TDP, and FTLD-FUS patients. RESULTS Six of the 34 patients developed MND during the course of bvFTD. These six bvFTD-MND patients were all pathologically diagnosed with FTLD-TDP. The other 28 patients were composed of 12 FTLD-tau patients including 11 Pick's disease patients, 8 FTLD-TDP patients, and 8 FTLD-FUS patients. A comparison of the clinical features of the three pathological subtypes of the 33 patients demonstrated that the age at onset was significantly younger in FTLD-FUS patients than in Pick's disease or FTLD-TDP patients. Furthermore, while hyperorality and dietary changes in the early stage of the disease were present in approximately 40% of Pick's disease and FTLD-FUS patients, they were absent in FTLD-TDP patients. CONCLUSION The comorbidity of MND, a younger age at onset, and hyperorality and dietary changes in the early stage may be useful clinical features for predicting underlying pathological subtypes of sporadic bvFTD. The results of our study should be confirmed by prospective studies employing a larger number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, JA Toride Medical Center, Toride, Japan.,Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ito Kawakami
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokota
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinoko Espoir Hospital, Kasaoka, Japan
| | - Masato Hosokawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- Emergency Department, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan.,Trauma and Acute Critical Care Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Ogawa M, Sone D, Maruo K, Shimada H, Suzuki K, Watanabe H, Matsuda H, Mizusawa H. Analysis of risk factors for mild cognitive impairment based on word list memory test results and questionnaire responses in healthy Japanese individuals registered in an online database. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197466. [PMID: 29772021 PMCID: PMC5957388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the development of effective therapeutic drugs and radical treatment options for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains urgent, progress in recent clinical trials of AD drugs has been less than adequate. In order to advance the progress of clinical trials, it is necessary to establish more efficient methods of recruitment. In Japan, there are registration systems stratified by mild cognitive impairment and preclinical and clinical stages of early and advanced stage dementia, but there is no registration system for healthy individuals yet. Therefore, in the present study, we developed a large-scale, internet-based health registry to investigate factors associated with cognitive function among registered participants. A total of 1038 participants completed the initial questionnaire and word list memory test. Among these participants, 353 individuals completed a second questionnaire and memory test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23.0 for Windows at a statistical significance level of p<0.05. We found that mood, motivation, and a decreased ability to perform activities of daily living were significantly associated with cognitive function. The results of the present study suggest that maintaining social involvement is important to prevent decreases in physical activity, daily function, mood, and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Ogawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Innovation Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Innovation Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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46
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Adachi T, Imanishi N, Umehara S, Izumida Y, Matsumoto N, Kosaki K, Matsubara Y, Mizusawa H, Suematsu M. 744 Japans initiative on rare and undiagnosed diseases patients: To bring their diagnostic odyssey to an end, and beyond. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Ae R, Hamaguchi T, Nakamura Y, Yamada M, Tsukamoto T, Mizusawa H, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Update: Dura Mater Graft-Associated Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - Japan, 1975-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018. [PMID: 29518068 PMCID: PMC5844283 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6709a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Ishizu N, Yui D, Hebisawa A, Aizawa H, Cui W, Fujita Y, Hashimoto K, Ajioka I, Mizusawa H, Yokota T, Watase K. Impaired striatal dopamine release in homozygous Vps35 D620N knock-in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4507-4517. [PMID: 28173004 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Point mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 35 gene (VPS35) have been associated with an autosomal dominant form of late-onset Parkinson disease (PARK17), but there has been considerable debate over whether it is caused by a loss- or gain-of-function mechanism and over the intracellular target site of neurotoxicity. To investigate the pathogenesis of PARK17 in vivo, we generated Vps35 D620N knock-in (KI) mice, expressing the homologous mutant protein with endogenous patterns of expression, simultaneously with Vps35 deletion 1 (Del1) mice, which carry 1bp deletion in the exon15 of Vps35, by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering. Neither homozygous nor heterozygous Vps35 D620N KI mice suffered from premature death or developed clear neurodegeneration up to 70 weeks of age. Vps35 Del1 allele appeared to be a null or at least severely hypomorphic allele and homozygous Vps35 Del1 showed early embryonic lethality. Heterozygous crossings between Del1 and D620N knock-in mice revealed that the D620N/Del1 compound heterozygous mice, but not heterozygous Del1 mice, suffered from survival disadvantage. In vivo microdialysis showed that DA release evoked by 120 mM potassium chloride was significantly reduced in the caudate putamen of adult homozygous Vps35 D620N KI mice. Taken together, these results suggest that Vps35 D620N allele is a partial-loss-of-function allele and that such a genetic predisposition and age-related alterations in the nigrostriatal dopamine system cooperatively influence the pathogenesis of PARK17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Ishizu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo Japan
| | - Daishi Yui
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- Department of Clinical research, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hidenori Aizawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wanpeng Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itsuki Ajioka
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Watase
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Higashi M, Ozaki K, Hattori T, Ishii T, Soga K, Sato N, Tomita M, Mizusawa H, Ishikawa K, Yokota T. A diagnostic decision tree for adult cerebellar ataxia based on pontine magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Sci 2018; 387:187-195. [PMID: 29571861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) are heterogeneous conditions often require differential diagnosis. This study aimed to establish a diagnostic decision tree for differentiating CAs based on pontine MRI findings. Two-hundred and two consecutive ataxia patients were clinically classified into 4 groups: (1) spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) with brainstem involvement (SCA-BSI), (2) Pure cerebellar SCA, (3) cerebellar dominant multiple system atrophy (MSA-c), and (4) Other CA. Signal intensity in pons was graded into 3 types: hot cross bun sign (HCBS), pontine midline linear T2-hyperintensity (PMH), or normal. The distance ratio of pontine base to tegmentum, named "BT-ratio", was measured. The presence of HCBS indicated either MSA-c with a specificity of 97.7%, or SCA2. When PMH was observed, a BT-ratio above 3.54 strongly indicated SCA-BSI, namely Machado-Joseph disease, SCA1, or dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, whereas a BT-ratio below 3.54 indicated MSA-c or SCA2. When the signal intensity was normal, a BT-ratio above 3.52 indicated SCA-BSI, whereas a BT-ratio below 3.52 suggested Pure cerebellar SCA or Other CA with pure cerebellar type. The decision tree was confirmed useful in a different 30 CA patients. We propose that differential diagnosis of CAs can be supported by combining pontine MRI signal intensity changes and BT-ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Higashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kokoro Ozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hattori
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Soga
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, 1-16 Yonegahama-dori, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8558, Japan
| | - Nozomu Sato
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Tomita
- Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; The Center for Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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50
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Zesiewicz TA, Wilmot G, Kuo SH, Perlman S, Greenstein PE, Ying SH, Ashizawa T, Subramony SH, Schmahmann JD, Figueroa KP, Mizusawa H, Schöls L, Shaw JD, Dubinsky RM, Armstrong MJ, Gronseth GS, Sullivan KL. Comprehensive systematic review summary: Treatment of cerebellar motor dysfunction and ataxia: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2018; 90:464-471. [PMID: 29440566 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review evidence regarding ataxia treatment. METHODS A comprehensive systematic review was performed according to American Academy of Neurology methodology. CONCLUSIONS For patients with episodic ataxia type 2, 4-aminopyridine 15 mg/d probably reduces ataxia attack frequency over 3 months (1 Class I study). For patients with ataxia of mixed etiology, riluzole probably improves ataxia signs at 8 weeks (1 Class I study). For patients with Friedreich ataxia or spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), riluzole probably improves ataxia signs at 12 months (1 Class I study). For patients with SCA type 3, valproic acid 1,200 mg/d possibly improves ataxia at 12 weeks. For patients with spinocerebellar degeneration, thyrotropin-releasing hormone possibly improves some ataxia signs over 10 to 14 days (1 Class II study). For patients with SCA type 3 who are ambulatory, lithium probably does not improve signs of ataxia over 48 weeks (1 Class I study). For patients with Friedreich ataxia, deferiprone possibly worsens ataxia signs over 6 months (1 Class II study). Data are insufficient to support or refute the use of numerous agents. For nonpharmacologic options, in patients with degenerative ataxias, 4-week inpatient rehabilitation probably improves ataxia and function (1 Class I study); transcranial magnetic stimulation possibly improves cerebellar motor signs at 21 days (1 Class II study). For patients with multiple sclerosis-associated ataxia, the addition of pressure splints possibly has no additional benefit compared with neuromuscular rehabilitation alone (1 Class II study). Data are insufficient to support or refute use of stochastic whole-body vibration therapy (1 Class III study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Zesiewicz
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - George Wilmot
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Susan Perlman
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Patricia E Greenstein
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Sarah H Ying
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - S H Subramony
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - K P Figueroa
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Ludger Schöls
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Jessica D Shaw
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Richard M Dubinsky
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Melissa J Armstrong
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Gary S Gronseth
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Kelly L Sullivan
- From the Department of Neurology (T.A.Z., J.D. Shaw), University of South Florida, Tampa; Department of Neurology (G.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (S.-H.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (P.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Shire (S.H.Y.), Lexington, MA, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (T.A.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX; Department of Neurology (S.H.S., M.J.A.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (J.D. Schmahmann), Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (K.P.F.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (H.M.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research (L.S.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.M.D., G.S.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health (K.L.S.), Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
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