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Ghorbani Z, Sani M, Aghighi Z, Moghaddam MH, Eskandari N, Mohammadbagheri E, Fathi M, Shenasandeh Z, Fotouhi F, Abdollahifar MA, Salehi M, Bayat AH, Meftahi GH, Aliaghaei A, Rasoolijazi H. 3-acetylpyridine induced behavioral dysfunction and neuronal loss in the striatum and hippocampus of adult male rats. Ann Anat 2024; 252:152185. [PMID: 37944830 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) is a neurotoxin that is known to mainly affect the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) in the brain stem. Although several studies have explored the effect of this neurotoxin, still further investigation is required to understand the impact of this toxin on different parts of the brain. In this research, two groups of rats were studied, the 3-AP-treated and the control groups. Behavioral, stereological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The locomotor activity of the 3-AP-treated rats decreased whereas their anxiety levels were higher than in normal controls. Also, memory performance was impaired in animals in the 3-AP group. Microscopic observations showed a decline in the numerical density of neurons in the hippocampus and striatum along with gliosis. Although this toxin is used to affect the ION, it exerts a neurotoxic effect on different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Ghorbani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sani
- Department of Educational Neuroscience, Aras International Campus, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghighi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Hassani Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Eskandari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shenasandeh
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Fotouhi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Salehi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Bayat
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Homa Rasoolijazi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Anagnostou E, Gerakoulis S, Armenis G, Zachou A, Velonakis G. Monocular Torsional Oscillopsia in Dentato-olivary Disconnection. Cerebellum 2023:10.1007/s12311-023-01626-1. [PMID: 37889471 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Monocular torsional eye oscillations are a rare form of disconjugate nystagmus and the underlying pathophysiology is not well understood. Here, we present and discuss a case with disabling torsional oscillopsia in one eye only. The patient exhibited (i) spontaneous pendular torsional nystagmus of the left eye and (ii) rhythmic involuntary movements of the soft palate and uvula, consistent with the syndrome of oculopalatal tremor with monocular nystagmus. Brain MRI revealed an infarct of the left dentate nucleus in the cerebellum and, more caudally, a secondary hypertrophic degeneration of the right inferior olivary nucleus. To account for the presence of torsional nystagmus on the eye contralateral to the side of inferior olivary hypertrophy and ipsilateral to the lesioned dentate nucleus, we discuss the hypothesis of a (inferior olivary nucleus-mediated) malfunctioning adaptation of the anterior canal vestibulo-ocular reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Anagnostou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sophias Avenue 74, 11528, Athens, Greece.
| | - Stathis Gerakoulis
- Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sophias Avenue 74, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Armenis
- Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sophias Avenue 74, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Athena Zachou
- Research Unit of Radiology-2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- Research Unit of Radiology-2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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McCord MR, Bigio EH, Kam KL, Fischer V, Obeidin F, White CL, Brat DJ, Muller WA, Mao Q. Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:641-646. [PMID: 32346735 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known by the eponym Machado-Joseph disease, is an autosomal dominant CAG trinucleotide (polyglutamine) repeat disease that presents in young- to middle-aged adults. SCA3 was first described in Azorean individuals and has interesting epidemiological patterns. It is characterized clinically by progressive ataxia and neuropathologically by progressive degenerative changes in the spinal cord and cerebellum, along with degeneration of the cortex and basal ganglia. Here, we describe the clinical and neuropathologic features in a case of SCA3 with unique findings, including involvement of the inferior olivary nucleus and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer, which are classically spared in the disease. We also discuss research into the disease mechanisms of SCA3 and the potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology.,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | | | | | | | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology.,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Kattah JC, Elble RJ, De Santo J, Shaikh AG. Oculopalatal tremor following sequential medullary infarcts that did not cause hypertrophic olivary degeneration. Cerebellum Ataxias 2020; 7:3. [PMID: 32082592 PMCID: PMC7023690 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-020-00112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The syndrome of oculopalatal tremor is a known consequence of lesions in the dentate-olivary pathway. Hypertrophic degeneration of the inferior olive is a recognized pathological correlate of these lesions and hypothesized to cause tremorogenic olivary hypersynchrony. However, oculopalatal tremor also occurs in Alexander disease, which produces severe inferior olive degeneration without intervening hypertrophy. Methods Serial clinical, imaging, video-oculography and kinematic tremor recording of a patient with oculopalatal and limb tremor. Case study We report an unusual presentation of oculopalatal tremor and right upper extremity myorhythmia following sequential right dorsolateral and left anteromedial medullary infarcts directly involving both inferior olives. As in adult Alexander disease, our patient did not have hypertrophic olivary degeneration during 10 years of follow-up. Conclusion Contemporary theories have emphasized the role of cerebellar maladaptation in “shaping” oscillations generated elsewhere, the inferior olive in particular. Our patient and published Alexander disease cases illustrate that oculopalatal tremor can occur in the absence of hypertrophic olivary degeneration. Therefore, cerebellar maladaptation to any form of olivary damage may be the critical pathophysiology in producing oculopalatal tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C Kattah
- 1University of Illinois College of Medicicne, Peoria, Illinois USA
| | | | - Jeffrey De Santo
- 3University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois USA
| | - Aasef G Shaikh
- 4University Hospitals, Louis Stoke Cleveland Medecial Centter, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, USA
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Maeda K, Iwai K, Ando T, Kobayashi Y, Yoshida M. Degenerative inferior olivary nucleus and medullary tegmentum produced the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging signs in Alexander disease: A case report. J Neurol Sci 2019; 403:159-161. [PMID: 31299543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Maeda
- Department of Neurology, Okazaki city hospital, Aichi, Japan 3-1 Koryuji-cho goshoai, Okazaki, Aichi, 4448553, Japan
| | - Katsushige Iwai
- Department of Neurology, Okazaki city hospital, Aichi, Japan 3-1 Koryuji-cho goshoai, Okazaki, Aichi, 4448553, Japan
| | - Takashi Ando
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 4801195, Japan; Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668550, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Okazaki city hospital, Aichi, Japan 3-1 Koryuji-cho goshoai, Okazaki, Aichi, 4448553, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 4801195, Japan.
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Hashiguchi S, Doi H, Kunii M, Nakamura Y, Shimuta M, Suzuki E, Koyano S, Okubo M, Kishida H, Shiina M, Ogata K, Hirashima F, Inoue Y, Kubota S, Hayashi N, Nakamura H, Takahashi K, Katsumoto A, Tada M, Tanaka K, Sasaoka T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Sato N, Ozaki K, Ohta K, Yokota T, Mizusawa H, Mitsui J, Ishiura H, Yoshimura J, Morishita S, Tsuji S, Takeuchi H, Ishikawa K, Matsumoto N, Ishikawa T, Tanaka F. Ataxic phenotype with altered Ca V3.1 channel property in a mouse model for spinocerebellar ataxia 42. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104516. [PMID: 31229688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 42 (SCA42) is a neurodegenerative disorder recently shown to be caused by c.5144G > A (p.Arg1715His) mutation in CACNA1G, which encodes the T-type voltage-gated calcium channel CaV3.1. Here, we describe a large Japanese family with SCA42. Postmortem pathological examination revealed severe cerebellar degeneration with prominent Purkinje cell loss without ubiquitin accumulation in an SCA42 patient. To determine whether this mutation causes ataxic symptoms and neurodegeneration, we generated knock-in mice harboring c.5168G > A (p.Arg1723His) mutation in Cacna1g, corresponding to the mutation identified in the SCA42 family. Both heterozygous and homozygous mutants developed an ataxic phenotype from the age of 11-20 weeks and showed Purkinje cell loss at 50 weeks old. Degenerative change of Purkinje cells and atrophic thinning of the molecular layer were conspicuous in homozygous knock-in mice. Electrophysiological analysis of Purkinje cells using acute cerebellar slices from young mice showed that the point mutation altered the voltage dependence of CaV3.1 channel activation and reduced the rebound action potentials after hyperpolarization, although it did not significantly affect the basic properties of synaptic transmission onto Purkinje cells. Finally, we revealed that the resonance of membrane potential of neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus was decreased in knock-in mice, which indicates that p.Arg1723His CaV3.1 mutation affects climbing fiber signaling to Purkinje cells. Altogether, our study shows not only that a point mutation in CACNA1G causes an ataxic phenotype and Purkinje cell degeneration in a mouse model, but also that the electrophysiological abnormalities at an early stage of SCA42 precede Purkinje cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Misako Kunii
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Misa Shimuta
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Etsuko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shigeru Koyano
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaki Okubo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hitaru Kishida
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hirashima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Flower and Forest Tokyo Hospital, 2-3-6 Nishigahara, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0024, Japan
| | - Yukichi Inoue
- Department of Neurology, Toyama Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital and Support Center for Children with Disabilities, 36 Shimoiino, Toyama 931-8517, Japan
| | - Shun Kubota
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Hayashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsuko Katsumoto
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nozomu Sato
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Kokoro Ozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Kiyobumi Ohta
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshimura
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morishita
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Taro Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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Louis ED, Diaz DT, Kuo SH, Gan SR, Cortes EP, Vonsattel JPG, Faust PL. Inferior Olivary nucleus degeneration does not lessen tremor in essential tremor. Cerebellum Ataxias 2018; 5:1. [PMID: 29372062 PMCID: PMC5769208 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-018-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In traditional models of essential tremor, the inferior olivary nucleus was posited to play a central role as the pacemaker for the tremor. However, recent data call this disease model into question. CASE PRESENTATION Our patient had progressive, long-standing, familial essential tremor. Upper limb tremor began at age 10 and worsened over time. It continued to worsen during the nine-year period he was enrolled in our brain donation program (age 85 - 94 years), during which time the tremor moved from the moderate to severe range on examination. On postmortem examination at age 94, there were degenerative changes in the cerebellar cortex, as have been described in the essential tremor literature. Additionally, there was marked degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus, which was presumed to be of more recent onset. Such degeneration has not been previously described in essential tremor postmortems. Despite the presence of this degeneration, the patient's tremor not only persisted but it continued to worsen during the final decade of his life. CONCLUSIONS Although the pathophysiology of essential tremor is not completely understood, evidence such as this suggests that the inferior olivary nucleus does not play a critical role in the generation of tremor in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan D. Louis
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 15 York Street, PO Box 208018, New Haven, CT 06520-8018 USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Daniel Trujillo Diaz
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 15 York Street, PO Box 208018, New Haven, CT 06520-8018 USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Etty P. Cortes
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Jean Paul G. Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Phyllis L. Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY USA
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Konno T, Broderick DF, Tacik P, Caviness JN, Wszolek ZK. Hypertrophic olivary degeneration: A clinico-radiologic study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 28:36-40. [PMID: 27132500 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The frequency and causes of hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) are unknown. We compared the clinical and radiological characteristics of unilateral HOD and bilateral HOD. METHODS We performed a search of a radiologic report database for patients who were radiologically diagnosed as having HOD. This database includes the patients examined at the Mayo Clinic in Florida and Arizona. We used the search terms "hypertrophic olivary degeneration", "HOD", and "olivary" in the reports recorded from 1995 to 2015. Pertinent medical records and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain for those with HOD were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS We identified 142 MRI studies on 95 cases who had radiologically proven HOD, 39 cases had unilateral HOD and 56 with bilateral HOD. In symptomatic cases, the most common symptom was ataxia. Palatal tremor was observed in almost half of all HOD cases. While cerebrovascular diseases were the most frequent etiology in both types of HOD (n = 24, 62% in unilateral; n = 17, 30% in bilateral), more than half of bilateral HOD cases had an unknown etiology (52%, n = 29), whereas only 13% (n = 5) of the unilateral cases had an unknown etiology (χ(2) test, P < 0.001). The lesions of unilateral HOD had a tendency to improve radiologically over time, whereas those associated with bilateral HOD were likely to worsen (χ(2) test, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that bilateral HOD is more common than unilateral HOD. Half of bilateral HOD cases had no obvious cause and some worsened over time. This may implicate a possible primary neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Konno
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Daniel F Broderick
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Pawel Tacik
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - John N Caviness
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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9
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Sonam K, Khan NA, Bindu PS, Taly AB, Gayathri N, Bharath MM, Govindaraju C, Arvinda HR, Nagappa M, Sinha S, Thangaraj K. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with Leigh syndrome and SURF1 mutations. Brain Dev 2014; 36:807-12. [PMID: 24262866 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation in the SURF1 is one of the most common nuclear mutations associated with Leigh syndrome and cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. This study aims to describe the phenotypic and imaging features in four patients with Leigh syndrome and novel SURF1 mutation. METHODS The study included four patients with Leigh syndrome and SURF1 mutations identified from a cohort of 25 children with Leigh syndrome seen over a period of six years (2006-2012). All the patients underwent a detailed neurological assessment, muscle biopsy, and sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome and SURF1. RESULTS Three patients had classical presentation of Leigh syndrome. The fourth patient had a later age of onset with ataxia as the presenting manifestation and a stable course. Hypertrichosis, facial dysmorphism and hypopigmentation were the additional phenotypic features noted. On magnetic resonance imaging all patients had brainstem and cerebellar involvement and two had basal ganglia involvement in addition. The bilateral symmetrical hypertrophic olivary degeneration in these patients was striking. The SURF1 analysis identified previously unreported mutations in all the patients. On follow-up three patients expired and one had a stable course. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Leigh syndrome and SURF1 mutation often have skin and hair abnormalities. Bilateral symmetrical hypertrophic olivary degeneration was a consistent finding on magnetic resonance imaging in these patients.
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Lavezzi AM, Corna M, Matturri L, Santoro F. Neuropathology of the Guillain-Mollaret Triangle (Dentato-Rubro-Olivary Network) in Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Death and SIDS. Open Neurol J 2009; 3:48-53. [PMID: 19597559 PMCID: PMC2708385 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x00903010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible alterations of the triangle of Guillain and Mollaret (G-Mt), a neuronal brainstem/cerebellum network (from the dentate nucleus to red nucleus and inferior olivary nucleus) already known for its involvement in the pathogenesis of the palatal myoclonus, in sudden unexplained perinatal and infant death. In 44 cases of perinatal and infant death victims, aged from 26 gestational weeks to 10 months of life, we investigated, besides the histological morphology of the three nuclei, the c-fos and apoptotic expression, as well as the possible effects elicited by maternal cigarette smoking. A significant increase of lesions (hypoplasia and/or increased c-fos and apoptotic neuronal immunopositivity) of the three nuclei was found in unexplained death victims, compared with age-matched controls. These alterations were related to maternal cigarette smoking habit. We postulated that the G-Mt is an important network involved in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of pathological manifestations and that maternal smoking during pregnancy can exert an adverse influence on this complex, even leading to sudden death in vulnerable periods of perinatal or infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Lavezzi
- Department of Surgical, Reconstructive and Diagnostic Sciences - "Lino Rossi" Research Center for the study and prevention of unexpected perinatal death and SIDS, University of Milan, Italy
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