1
|
Juranic P, Tiedtke K, Owada S, Tanaka T, Jastrow U, Sorokin A, Patthey L, Mankowsky R, Degenhardt M, Arbelo Y, Arrell C, Smedley J, Bohon J, Follath R. Transmission measurement at the Bernina branch of the Aramis Beamline of SwissFEL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:2081-2085. [PMID: 31721754 PMCID: PMC6853380 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519013237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of the optical components of the Bernina branch of the Aramis beamline at SwissFEL has been measured with an X-ray gas monitor from DESY and compared with a PSI gas detector upstream of the optical components. The transmission efficiencies of the Mo, Si and SiC mirror coatings of the Aramis beamline and the various other in-beam components were evaluated and compared with theoretical calculations, showing an agreement of 6% or better in all cases. The experiment has also shown the efficacy of the high-harmonic rejection mirrors at the Bernina branch of the Aramis beamline at SwissFEL, and characterized the transmission efficiency of the on-line spectrometer in the Aramis beamline. The theoretical transmission of the mirror coatings match the experimental data to within 7%. The accuracy of these measurements was checked against a radiative bolometer from a Japanese collaboration and found to agree to a level of 4% or better. Further comparisons with a diamond detector from a US-based inter-institute collaboration demonstrated a good agreement for the attenuator settings of the beamline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Juranic
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Kai Tiedtke
- DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shigeki Owada
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), NMIJ, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Ulf Jastrow
- DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Luc Patthey
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - John Smedley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jen Bohon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Rolf Follath
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sorokin AA, Bican Y, Bonfigt S, Brachmanski M, Braune M, Jastrow UF, Gottwald A, Kaser H, Richter M, Tiedtke K. An X-ray gas monitor for free-electron lasers. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1092-1100. [PMID: 31274432 PMCID: PMC6613123 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519005174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel X-ray gas monitor (XGM) has been developed which allows the measurement of absolute photon pulse energy and photon beam position at all existing and upcoming free-electron lasers (FELs) over a broad spectral range covering vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft and hard X-rays. The XGM covers a wide dynamic range from spontaneous undulator radiation to FEL radiation and provides a temporal resolution of better than 200 ns. The XGM consists of two X-ray gas-monitor detectors (XGMDs) and two huge-aperture open electron multipliers (HAMPs). The HAMP enhances the detection efficiency of the XGM for low-intensity radiation down to 105 photons per pulse and for FEL radiation in the hard X-ray spectral range, while the XGMD operates in higher-intensity regimes. The relative standard uncertainty for measurements of the absolute photon pulse energy is well below 10%, and down to 1% for measurements of relative pulse-to-pulse intensity on pulses with more than 1010 photons per pulse. The accuracy of beam-position monitoring in the vertical and horizontal directions is of the order of 10 µm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Sorokin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Polytekhnicheskaya 26, 194021 St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yilmaz Bican
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Bonfigt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Brachmanski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Fini Jastrow
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Gottwald
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2–12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Kaser
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2–12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2–12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Tiedtke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song S, Alonso-Mori R, Chollet M, Feng Y, Glownia JM, Lemke HT, Sikorski M, Zhu D, Moeller S, Lee HJ, Hunter MS, Carini G, Tiedtke K, Jastrow U, Sorokin A, Richter M, Owada S, Tono K, Saito N, Tanaka T, Kato M, Yabashi M, Robert A. Measurement of the absolute number of photons of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:320-327. [PMID: 30855238 PMCID: PMC6412180 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers provide intense pulses of coherent X-rays with a short pulse duration. These sources are chaotic by nature and therefore, to be used at their full potential, require that every X-ray pulse is characterized in terms of various relevant properties such as intensity, photon energy, position and timing. Diagnostics are for example installed on an X-ray beamline to specifically monitor the intensity of individual X-ray pulses. To date, these can however only provide a single-shot value of the relative number of photons per shot. Here are reported measurements made in January 2015 of the absolute number of photons in the hard X-ray regime at LCLS which is typically 3.5 × 1011 photons shot-1 between 6 and 9.5 keV at the X-ray Pump-Probe instrument. Moreover, an average transmission of ≉62% of the hard X-ray beamline over this energy range is measured and the third-harmonic content of ≉0.47% below 9 keV is characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yiping Feng
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James M. Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Henrik T. Lemke
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Stefan Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Hae Ja Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mark S. Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Kai Tiedtke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Jastrow
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Norio Saito
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, NMIJ, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, NMIJ, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kato
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, NMIJ, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, NMIJ, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Aymeric Robert
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Owada S, Togawa K, Inagaki T, Hara T, Tanaka T, Joti Y, Koyama T, Nakajima K, Ohashi H, Senba Y, Togashi T, Tono K, Yamaga M, Yumoto H, Yabashi M, Tanaka H, Ishikawa T. A soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline at SACLA: the light source, photon beamline and experimental station. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:282-288. [PMID: 29271777 PMCID: PMC5741133 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517015685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The design and performance of a soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) beamline of the SPring-8 Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) are described. The SPring-8 Compact SASE Source test accelerator, a prototype machine of SACLA, was relocated to the SACLA undulator hall for dedicated use for the soft X-ray FEL beamline. Since the accelerator is operated independently of the SACLA main linac that drives the two hard X-ray beamlines, it is possible to produce both soft and hard X-ray FEL simultaneously. The FEL pulse energy reached 110 µJ at a wavelength of 12.4 nm (i.e. photon energy of 100 eV) with an electron beam energy of 780 MeV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Togawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Toru Hara
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Joti
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Takahisa Koyama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Kyo Nakajima
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ohashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Yasunori Senba
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Hirokatsu Yumoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tanaka T, Kato M, Saito N, Owada S, Tono K, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T. Compact bolometric radiometer for free-electron lasers in a wavelength range from extreme-ultraviolet to x-rays. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4776-4779. [PMID: 29140367 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A reliable diagnostic device for free-electron lasers (FELs) is essential for both users and the evaluation of FEL sources and beamline optics. Here, we propose a compact bolometric radiometer (CBR) that can operate at room temperature. The CBR is mainly designed for FELs in the wavelength range from the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) to x-rays; moreover, we confirmed that the proposed device can also be applied to synchrotron radiation. As an application of the CBR, we evaluated an FEL beamline transmission by means of bolometric technique in the EUV range for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. This indicates that the CBR is an effective diagnostic device for FELs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Seddon EA, Clarke JA, Dunning DJ, Masciovecchio C, Milne CJ, Parmigiani F, Rugg D, Spence JCH, Thompson NR, Ueda K, Vinko SM, Wark JS, Wurth W. Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:115901. [PMID: 29059048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7cca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Seddon
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom. The School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stevenson AW, Crosbie JC, Hall CJ, Häusermann D, Livingstone J, Lye JE. Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL). JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:110-141. [PMID: 28009552 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516015563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical early phase for any synchrotron beamline involves detailed testing, characterization and commissioning; this is especially true of a beamline as ambitious and complex as the Imaging & Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron. IMBL staff and expert users have been performing precise experiments aimed at quantitative characterization of the primary polychromatic and monochromatic X-ray beams, with particular emphasis placed on the wiggler insertion devices (IDs), the primary-slit system and any in vacuo and ex vacuo filters. The findings from these studies will be described herein. These results will benefit IMBL and other users in the future, especially those for whom detailed knowledge of the X-ray beam spectrum (or `quality') and flux density is important. This information is critical for radiotherapy and radiobiology users, who ultimately need to know (to better than 5%) what X-ray dose or dose rate is being delivered to their samples. Various correction factors associated with ionization-chamber (IC) dosimetry have been accounted for, e.g. ion recombination, electron-loss effects. A new and innovative approach has been developed in this regard, which can provide confirmation of key parameter values such as the magnetic field in the wiggler and the effective thickness of key filters. IMBL commenced operation in December 2008 with an Advanced Photon Source (APS) wiggler as the (interim) ID. A superconducting multi-pole wiggler was installed and operational in January 2013. Results are obtained for both of these IDs and useful comparisons are made. A comprehensive model of the IMBL has been developed, embodied in a new computer program named spec.exe, which has been validated against a variety of experimental measurements. Having demonstrated the reliability and robustness of the model, it is then possible to use it in a practical and predictive manner. It is hoped that spec.exe will prove to be a useful resource for synchrotron science in general, and for hard X-ray beamlines, whether they are based on bending magnets or insertion devices, in particular. In due course, it is planned to make spec.exe freely available to other synchrotron scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C Crosbie
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Christopher J Hall
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel Häusermann
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jayde Livingstone
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jessica E Lye
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|