1
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Schollmeier MS, Bekx JJ, Hartmann J, Schork E, Speicher M, Brodersen AF, Fazzini A, Fischer P, Gaul E, Gonzalez-Izquierdo B, Günther MM, Härle AK, Hollinger R, Kenney K, Park J, Rivas DE, Scutelnic V, Shpilman Z, Wang S, Rocca JJ, Korn G. Differentiating multi-MeV, multi-ion spectra with CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18155. [PMID: 37875514 PMCID: PMC10598230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of high intensity petawatt lasers has created new possibilities for ion acceleration and nuclear fusion using solid targets. In such laser-matter interaction, multiple ion species are accelerated with broad spectra up to hundreds of MeV. To measure ion yields and for species identification, CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors are frequently used. However, these detectors are limited in their applicability for multi-ion spectra differentiation as standard image recognition algorithms can lead to a misinterpretation of data, there is no unique relation between track diameter and particle energy, and there are overlapping pit diameter relationships for multiple particle species. In this report, we address these issues by first developing an algorithm to overcome user bias during image processing. Second, we use calibration of the detector response for protons, carbon and helium ions (alpha particles) from 0.1 to above 10 MeV and measurements of statistical energy loss fluctuations in a forward-fitting procedure utilizing multiple, differently filtered CR-39, altogether enabling high-sensitivity, multi-species particle spectroscopy. To validate this capability, we show that inferred CR-39 spectra match Thomson parabola ion spectrometer data from the same experiment. Filtered CR-39 spectrometers were used to detect, within a background of ~ 2 × 1011 sr-1 J-1 protons and carbons, (1.3 ± 0.7) × 108 sr-1 J-1 alpha particles from laser-driven proton-boron fusion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Schollmeier
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany.
| | - J J Bekx
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - J Hartmann
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - E Schork
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - M Speicher
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - A F Brodersen
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - A Fazzini
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - P Fischer
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - E Gaul
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | | | - M M Günther
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - A K Härle
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - R Hollinger
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - K Kenney
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - J Park
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - D E Rivas
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - V Scutelnic
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - Z Shpilman
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - S Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - J J Rocca
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - G Korn
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
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2
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Martin P, Ahmed H, Doria D, Alejo A, Clarke R, Ferguson S, Fernández-Tobias J, Freeman RR, Fuchs J, Green A, Green JS, Gwynne D, Hanton F, Jarrett J, Jung D, Kakolee KF, Krygier AG, Lewis CLS, McIlvenny A, McKenna P, Morrison JT, Najmudin Z, Naughton K, Nersisyan G, Norreys P, Notley M, Roth M, Ruiz JA, Scullion C, Zepf M, Zhai S, Borghesi M, Kar S. Absolute calibration of Fujifilm BAS-TR image plate response to laser driven protons up to 40 MeV. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:053303. [PMID: 35649771 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Image plates (IPs) are a popular detector in the field of laser driven ion acceleration, owing to their high dynamic range and reusability. An absolute calibration of these detectors to laser-driven protons in the routinely produced tens of MeV energy range is, therefore, essential. In this paper, the response of Fujifilm BAS-TR IPs to 1-40 MeV protons is calibrated by employing the detectors in high resolution Thomson parabola spectrometers in conjunction with a CR-39 nuclear track detector to determine absolute proton numbers. While CR-39 was placed in front of the image plate for lower energy protons, it was placed behind the image plate for energies above 10 MeV using suitable metal filters sandwiched between the image plate and CR-39 to select specific energies. The measured response agrees well with previously reported calibrations as well as standard models of IP response, providing, for the first time, an absolute calibration over a large range of proton energies of relevance to current experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martin
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - R Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Ferguson
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Fernández-Tobias
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R R Freeman
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ Paris 06 : Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris - F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Green
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J S Green
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Gwynne
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - F Hanton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Jarrett
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - D Jung
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - K F Kakolee
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A G Krygier
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C L S Lewis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A McIlvenny
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J T Morrison
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Z Najmudin
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Naughton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G Nersisyan
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P Norreys
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Notley
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Scullion
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Zepf
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Zhai
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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3
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Doria D, Martin P, Ahmed H, Alejo A, Cerchez M, Ferguson S, Fernandez-Tobias J, Green JS, Gwynne D, Hanton F, Jarrett J, Maclellan DA, McIlvenny A, McKenna P, Ruiz JA, Swantusch M, Willi O, Zhai S, Borghesi M, Kar S. Calibration of BAS-TR image plate response to GeV gold ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:033304. [PMID: 35364990 DOI: 10.1063/5.0079564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The response of the BAS-TR image plate (IP) was absolutely calibrated using a CR-39 track detector for high linear energy transfer Au ions up to ∼1.6 GeV (8.2 MeV/nucleon), accelerated by high-power lasers. The calibration was carried out by employing a high-resolution Thomson parabola spectrometer, which allowed resolving Au ions with closely spaced ionization states up to 58+. A response function was obtained by fitting the photo-stimulated luminescence per Au ion for different ion energies, which is broadly in agreement with that expected from ion stopping in the active layer of the IP. This calibration would allow quantifying the ion energy spectra for high energy Au ions, which is important for further investigation of the laser-based acceleration of heavy ion beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P Martin
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Cerchez
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Ferguson
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Fernandez-Tobias
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J S Green
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Gwynne
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - F Hanton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Jarrett
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - D A Maclellan
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - A McIlvenny
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Swantusch
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - O Willi
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Zhai
- ELI Beamlines, Za Radnicí 835, Dolní Břežany 252 41, Czech Republic
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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4
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Kojima S, Miyatake T, Inoue S, Dinh TH, Hasegawa N, Mori M, Sakaki H, Nishiuchi M, Dover NP, Yamamoto Y, Sasaki T, Ito F, Kondo K, Yamanaka T, Hashida M, Sakabe S, Nishikino M, Kondo K. Absolute response of a Fuji BAS-TR imaging plate to low-energy protons (<0.2 MeV) and carbon ions (<1 MeV). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:033306. [PMID: 33820038 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the absolute response of a Fuji BAS-TR image plate to relatively low-energy protons (<0.2 MeV) and carbon ions (<1 MeV) accelerated by a 10-TW-class compact high-intensity laser system. A Thomson parabola spectrometer was used to discriminate between different ion species while dispersing the ions according to their kinetic energy. Ion parabolic traces were recorded using an image plate detector overlaid with a slotted CR-39 solid-state detector. The obtained response function for the protons was reasonably extrapolated from previously reported higher-ion-energy response functions. Conversely, the obtained response function for carbon ions was one order of magnitude higher than the value extrapolated from previously reported higher-ion-energy response functions. In a previous study, it was determined that if the stopping range of carbon ions is comparable to or smaller than the grain size of the phosphor, then some ions will provide all their energy to the binder resin rather than the phosphor. As a result, it is believed that the imaging plate response will be reduced. Our results show good agreement with the empirical formula of Lelasseux et al., which does not consider photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL) reduction due to the urethane resin. It was shown that the PSL reduction due to the deactivation of the urethane resin is smaller than that previously predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaoki Kojima
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Miyatake
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Inoue
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Thanh Hung Dinh
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Noboru Hasegawa
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Michiaki Mori
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Hironao Sakaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Mamiko Nishiuchi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Nicholas P Dover
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yamamoto
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Teru Sasaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Fuyumi Ito
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamanaka
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Hashida
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shuji Sakabe
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nishikino
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Kiminori Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
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5
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Monte Carlo Study of Imaging Plate Response to Laser-Driven Aluminum Ion Beams. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We measured the response of BAS-TR imaging plate (IP) to energetic aluminum ions up to 222 MeV, and compared it with predictions from a Monte Carlo simulation code using two different IP response models. Energetic aluminum ions were produced with an intense laser pulse, and the response was evaluated from cross-calibration between CR-39 track detector and IP energy spectrometer. For the first time, we obtained the response function of the BAS-TR IP for aluminum ions with a kinetic energy as high as 222 MeV. On close examination of the two IP response models, we confirm that the exponential model fits our experimental data better. Moreover, we find that the IP sensitivity in the exponential model is nearly constant in this energy range, suggesting that the response function can be determined even with little experimental data.
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6
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Bailly-Grandvaux M, Kawahito D, McGuffey C, Strehlow J, Edghill B, Wei MS, Alexander N, Haid A, Brabetz C, Bagnoud V, Hollinger R, Capeluto MG, Rocca JJ, Beg FN. Ion acceleration from microstructured targets irradiated by high-intensity picosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:021201. [PMID: 32942368 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.021201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Structures on the front surface of thin foil targets for laser-driven ion acceleration have been proposed to increase the ion source maximum energy and conversion efficiency. While structures have been shown to significantly boost the proton acceleration from pulses of moderate-energy fluence, their performance on tightly focused and high-energy lasers remains unclear. Here, we report the results of laser-driven three-dimensional (3D)-printed microtube targets, focusing on their efficacy for ion acceleration. Using the high-contrast (∼10^{12}) PHELIX laser (150J, 10^{21}W/cm^{2}), we studied the acceleration of ions from 1-μm-thick foils covered with micropillars or microtubes, which we compared with flat foils. The front-surface structures significantly increased the conversion efficiency from laser to light ions, with up to a factor of 5 higher proton number with respect to a flat target, albeit without an increase of the cutoff energy. An optimum diameter was found for the microtube targets. Our findings are supported by a systematic particle-in-cell modeling investigation of ion acceleration using 2D simulations with various structure dimensions. Simulations reproduce the experimental data with good agreement, including the observation of the optimum tube diameter, and reveal that the laser is shuttered by the plasma filling the tubes, explaining why the ion cutoff energy was not increased in this regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - D Kawahito
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Strehlow
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - B Edghill
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M S Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Alexander
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - A Haid
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - C Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - V Bagnoud
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - R Hollinger
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - M G Capeluto
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.,Departamento de Física, FCEyN, UBA and IFIBA, CONICET, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J J Rocca
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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7
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Nishiuchi M, Sakaki H, Dover NP, Miyahara T, Shiokawa K, Manabe S, Miyatake T, Kondo K, Kondo K, Iwata Y, Watanabe Y, Kondo K. Ion species discrimination method by linear energy transfer measurement in Fujifilm BAS-SR imaging plate. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:093305. [PMID: 33003787 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel discrimination methodology to identify ions in multispecies beams with similar charge-to-mass ratios, but different atomic numbers. After an initial separation by charge-to-mass ratios using co-linear electric and magnetic fields, individual ions can be discriminated by considering the linear energy transfer of ions irradiating a stimulable phosphor plate (Fujifilm imaging plate) by comparison with the Monte Carlo calculation. We apply the method to energetic multispecies laser-driven ion beams and use it to identify silver ions produced by the interaction between a high contrast, high intensity laser pulse; and a sub-micrometer silver foil target. We also show that this method can be used to calibrate the imaging plate for arbitrary ion species in the range of Z ≥ 6 with dE/dx > 0.1 MeV/μm without requiring individual calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishiuchi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - H Sakaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - N P Dover
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - T Miyahara
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - K Shiokawa
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - S Manabe
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Miyatake
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Ko Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Ke Kondo
- Research Group for Radiation Materials Engineering, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Y Iwata
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Ki Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
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8
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Strehlow J, Forestier-Colleoni P, McGuffey C, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Daykin TS, McCary E, Peebles J, Revet G, Zhang S, Ditmire T, Donovan M, Dyer G, Fuchs J, Gaul EW, Higginson DP, Kemp GE, Martinez M, McLean HS, Spinks M, Sawada H, Beg FN. The response function of Fujifilm BAS-TR imaging plates to laser-accelerated titanium ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083302. [PMID: 31472598 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calibrated diagnostics for energetic particle detection allow for the systematic study of charged particle sources. The Fujifilm BAS-TR imaging plate (IP) is a reusable phosphorescent detector for radiation applications such as x-ray and particle beam detection. The BAS-TR IP has been absolutely calibrated to many low-Z (low proton number) ions, and extending these calibrations to the mid-Z regime is beneficial for the study of laser-driven ion sources. The Texas Petawatt Laser was used to generate energetic ions from a 100 nm titanium foil, and charge states Ti10+ through Ti12+, ranging from 6 to 27 MeV, were analyzed for calibration. A plastic detector of CR-39 with evenly placed slots was mounted in front of the IP to count the number of ions that correspond with the IP levels of photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL). A response curve was fitted to the data, yielding a model of the PSL signal vs ion energy. Comparisons to other published response curves are also presented, illustrating the trend of PSL/nucleon decreasing with increasing ion mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Strehlow
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - T S Daykin
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - E McCary
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Peebles
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Revet
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - T Ditmire
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M Donovan
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - E W Gaul
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Spinks
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H Sawada
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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9
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Milluzzo G, Scuderi V, Alejo A, Amico AG, Booth N, Borghesi M, Cirrone GAP, Cuttone G, Doria D, Green J, Kar S, Korn G, Larosa G, Leanza R, Margarone D, Martin P, McKenna P, Petringa G, Pipek J, Romagnani L, Romano F, Russo A, Schillaci F. A new energy spectrum reconstruction method for time-of-flight diagnostics of high-energy laser-driven protons. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083303. [PMID: 31472608 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Time-of-Flight (TOF) technique coupled with semiconductorlike detectors, as silicon carbide and diamond, is one of the most promising diagnostic methods for high-energy, high repetition rate, laser-accelerated ions allowing a full on-line beam spectral characterization. A new analysis method for reconstructing the energy spectrum of high-energy laser-driven ion beams from TOF signals is hereby presented and discussed. The proposed method takes into account the detector's working principle, through the accurate calculation of the energy loss in the detector active layer, using Monte Carlo simulations. The analysis method was validated against well-established diagnostics, such as the Thomson parabola spectrometer, during an experimental campaign carried out at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK) with the high-energy laser-driven protons accelerated by the VULCAN Petawatt laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Milluzzo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - V Scuderi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A G Amico
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - N Booth
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G A P Cirrone
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - G Cuttone
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Green
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G Korn
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i. (FZU), ELI-Beamlines Project, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Larosa
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - R Leanza
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - D Margarone
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i. (FZU), ELI-Beamlines Project, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Martin
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - G Petringa
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - J Pipek
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - L Romagnani
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - F Romano
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - A Russo
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS-INFN), Via S Sofia 62, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - F Schillaci
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Catania, Via S Sofia 64, Catania 95123, Italy
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10
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Experimental evidence for short-pulse laser heating of solid-density target to high bulk temperatures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12144. [PMID: 28939883 PMCID: PMC5610192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heating efficiently solid-density, or even compressed, matter has been a long-sought goal in order to allow investigation of the properties of such state of matter of interest for various domains, e.g. astrophysics. High-power lasers, pinches, and more recently Free-Electron-Lasers (FELs) have been used in this respect. Here we show that by using the high-power, high-contrast “PEARL” laser (Institute of Applied Physics-Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) delivering 7.5 J in a 60 fs laser pulse, such coupling can be efficiently obtained, resulting in heating of a slab of solid-density Al of 0.8 µm thickness at a temperature of 300 eV, and with minimal density gradients. The characterization of the target heating is achieved combining X-ray spectrometry and measurement of the protons accelerated from the Al slab. The measured heating conditions are consistent with a three-temperatures model that simulates resistive and collisional heating of the bulk induced by the hot electrons. Such effective laser energy deposition is achieved owing to the intrinsic high contrast of the laser which results from the Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification technology it is based on, allowing to attain high target temperatures in a very compact manner, e.g. in comparison with large-scale FEL facilities.
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11
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Scullion C, Doria D, Romagnani L, Sgattoni A, Naughton K, Symes DR, McKenna P, Macchi A, Zepf M, Kar S, Borghesi M. Polarization Dependence of Bulk Ion Acceleration from Ultrathin Foils Irradiated by High-Intensity Ultrashort Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:054801. [PMID: 28949740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The acceleration of ions from ultrathin (10-100 nm) carbon foils has been investigated using intense (∼6×10^{20} W cm^{-2}) ultrashort (45 fs) laser pulses, highlighting a strong dependence of the ion beam parameters on the laser polarization, with circularly polarized (CP) pulses producing the highest energies for both protons and carbons (25-30 MeV/nucleon); in particular, carbon ion energies obtained employing CP pulses were significantly higher (∼2.5 times) than for irradiations employing linearly polarized pulses. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that radiation pressure acceleration becomes the dominant mechanism for the thinnest targets and CP pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scullion
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - L Romagnani
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Sgattoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR/INO), Laboratorio Adriano Gozzini, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - K Naughton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - A Macchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR/INO), Laboratorio Adriano Gozzini, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Enrico Fermi, Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Zepf
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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12
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Alejo A, Kar S, Tebartz A, Ahmed H, Astbury S, Carroll DC, Ding J, Doria D, Higginson A, McKenna P, Neumann N, Scott GG, Wagner F, Roth M, Borghesi M. High resolution Thomson Parabola Spectrometer for full spectral capture of multi-species ion beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:083304. [PMID: 27587110 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental characterisation of laser-driven ion beams using a Thomson Parabola Spectrometer (TPS) equipped with trapezoidally shaped electric plates, proposed by Gwynne et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 033304 (2014)]. While a pair of extended (30 cm long) electric plates was able to produce a significant increase in the separation between neighbouring ion species at high energies, deploying a trapezoidal design circumvented the spectral clipping at the low energy end of the ion spectra. The shape of the electric plate was chosen carefully considering, for the given spectrometer configuration, the range of detectable ion energies and species. Analytical tracing of the ion parabolas matches closely with the experimental data, which suggests a minimal effect of fringe fields on the escaping ions close to the wedged edge of the electrode. The analytical formulae were derived considering the relativistic correction required for the high energy ions to be characterised using such spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Tebartz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Astbury
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D C Carroll
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Ding
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Higginson
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - N Neumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G G Scott
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F Wagner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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