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Schollmeier MS, Bekx JJ, Hartmann J, Schork E, Speicher M, Brodersen AF, Fazzini A, Fischer P, Gaul E, Gonzalez-Izquierdo B, Günther MM, Härle AK, Hollinger R, Kenney K, Park J, Rivas DE, Scutelnic V, Shpilman Z, Wang S, Rocca JJ, Korn G. Differentiating multi-MeV, multi-ion spectra with CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18155. [PMID: 37875514 PMCID: PMC10598230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of high intensity petawatt lasers has created new possibilities for ion acceleration and nuclear fusion using solid targets. In such laser-matter interaction, multiple ion species are accelerated with broad spectra up to hundreds of MeV. To measure ion yields and for species identification, CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors are frequently used. However, these detectors are limited in their applicability for multi-ion spectra differentiation as standard image recognition algorithms can lead to a misinterpretation of data, there is no unique relation between track diameter and particle energy, and there are overlapping pit diameter relationships for multiple particle species. In this report, we address these issues by first developing an algorithm to overcome user bias during image processing. Second, we use calibration of the detector response for protons, carbon and helium ions (alpha particles) from 0.1 to above 10 MeV and measurements of statistical energy loss fluctuations in a forward-fitting procedure utilizing multiple, differently filtered CR-39, altogether enabling high-sensitivity, multi-species particle spectroscopy. To validate this capability, we show that inferred CR-39 spectra match Thomson parabola ion spectrometer data from the same experiment. Filtered CR-39 spectrometers were used to detect, within a background of ~ 2 × 1011 sr-1 J-1 protons and carbons, (1.3 ± 0.7) × 108 sr-1 J-1 alpha particles from laser-driven proton-boron fusion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Schollmeier
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany.
| | - J J Bekx
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - J Hartmann
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - E Schork
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - M Speicher
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - A F Brodersen
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - A Fazzini
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - P Fischer
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - E Gaul
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | | | - M M Günther
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - A K Härle
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - R Hollinger
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - K Kenney
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - J Park
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - D E Rivas
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - V Scutelnic
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - Z Shpilman
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - S Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - J J Rocca
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - G Korn
- Marvel Fusion GmbH, Theresienhöhe 12, 80339, Munich, Germany
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2
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Ostermayr TM, Kreuzer C, Englbrecht FS, Gebhard J, Hartmann J, Huebl A, Haffa D, Hilz P, Parodi K, Wenz J, Donovan ME, Dyer G, Gaul E, Gordon J, Martinez M, Mccary E, Spinks M, Tiwari G, Hegelich BM, Schreiber J. Laser-driven x-ray and proton micro-source and application to simultaneous single-shot bi-modal radiographic imaging. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6174. [PMID: 33268784 PMCID: PMC7710721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiographic imaging with x-rays and protons is an omnipresent tool in basic research and applications in industry, material science and medical diagnostics. The information contained in both modalities can often be valuable in principle, but difficult to access simultaneously. Laser-driven solid-density plasma-sources deliver both kinds of radiation, but mostly single modalities have been explored for applications. Their potential for bi-modal radiographic imaging has never been fully realized, due to problems in generating appropriate sources and separating image modalities. Here, we report on the generation of proton and x-ray micro-sources in laser-plasma interactions of the focused Texas Petawatt laser with solid-density, micrometer-sized tungsten needles. We apply them for bi-modal radiographic imaging of biological and technological objects in a single laser shot. Thereby, advantages of laser-driven sources could be enriched beyond their small footprint by embracing their additional unique properties, including the spectral bandwidth, small source size and multi-mode emission. Here the authors show a synchronized single-shot bi-modal x-ray and proton source based on laser-generated plasma. This source can be useful for radiographic and tomographic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ostermayr
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - C Kreuzer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - F S Englbrecht
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - J Gebhard
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - J Hartmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - A Huebl
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - D Haffa
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - P Hilz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - K Parodi
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - J Wenz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - M E Donovan
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - E Gaul
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - J Gordon
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - E Mccary
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - M Spinks
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - G Tiwari
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - B M Hegelich
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - J Schreiber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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3
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Tiwari G, Kupfer R, Jiao X, Gaul E, Hegelich BM. Gradient magnet design for simultaneous detection of electrons and positrons in the intermediate MeV range. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:083304. [PMID: 31472603 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and development of a compact electron and positron spectrometer based on tapered neodymium iron boron magnets to characterize the pairs generated in laser-matter experiments. The tapered design forms a gradient magnetic field component allowing energy dependent focusing of the dispersed charged particles along a chosen detector plane. The mirror symmetric design allows for simultaneous detection of pairs with energies from 2 MeV to 500 MeV with an accuracy of ≤10% in the wide energy range from 5 to 110 MeV for a parallel beam incident on a circular aperture of 20 mm. The energy resolution drops to ≤20% for 4-90 MeV range for a divergent beam originating from a point source at 20 cm away (i.e., a solid angle of ∼8 milli steradians), with ≤10% accuracy still maintained in the narrower energy range from 10 to 55 MeV. It offers higher solid angle acceptance, even for the divergent beam, compared to the conventional pinhole aperture-based spectrometers. The proposed gradient magnet is suitable for the detection of low flux and/or monoenergetic type electron/positron beams with finite transverse sizes and offers unparalleled advantages for gamma-ray spectroscopy in the intermediate MeV range.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tiwari
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - R Kupfer
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - X Jiao
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E Gaul
- National Energetics, 4616 West Howard Lane, Austin, Texas 78728, USA
| | - B M Hegelich
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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4
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Ostermayr TM, Haffa D, Hilz P, Pauw V, Allinger K, Bamberg KU, Böhl P, Bömer C, Bolton PR, Deutschmann F, Ditmire T, Donovan ME, Dyer G, Gaul E, Gordon J, Hegelich BM, Kiefer D, Klier C, Kreuzer C, Martinez M, McCary E, Meadows AR, Moschüring N, Rösch T, Ruhl H, Spinks M, Wagner C, Schreiber J. Proton acceleration by irradiation of isolated spheres with an intense laser pulse. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:033208. [PMID: 27739766 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.033208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report on experiments irradiating isolated plastic spheres with a peak laser intensity of 2-3×10^{20}Wcm^{-2}. With a laser focal spot size of 10 μm full width half maximum (FWHM) the sphere diameter was varied between 520 nm and 19.3 μm. Maximum proton energies of ∼25 MeV are achieved for targets matching the focal spot size of 10 μm in diameter or being slightly smaller. For smaller spheres the kinetic energy distributions of protons become nonmonotonic, indicating a change in the accelerating mechanism from ambipolar expansion towards a regime dominated by effects caused by Coulomb repulsion of ions. The energy conversion efficiency from laser energy to proton kinetic energy is optimized when the target diameter matches the laser focal spot size with efficiencies reaching the percent level. The change of proton acceleration efficiency with target size can be attributed to the reduced cross-sectional overlap of subfocus targets with the laser. Reported experimental observations are in line with 3D3V particle in cell simulations. They make use of well-defined targets and point out pathways for future applications and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ostermayr
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Haffa
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Hilz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - V Pauw
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - K Allinger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K-U Bamberg
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - P Böhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - C Bömer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P R Bolton
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Deutschmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - T Ditmire
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M E Donovan
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E Gaul
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Gordon
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - B M Hegelich
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - D Kiefer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Klier
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - C Kreuzer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Martinez
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E McCary
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A R Meadows
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - N Moschüring
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - T Rösch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Ruhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - M Spinks
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - C Wagner
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Schreiber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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5
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Gaul E, Toncian T, Martinez M, Gordon J, Spinks M, Dyer G, Truong N, Wagner C, Tiwari G, Donovan ME, Ditmire T, Hegelich BM. Improved pulse contrast on the Texas Petawatt Laser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Bang W, Quevedo HJ, Bernstein AC, Dyer G, Ihn YS, Cortez J, Aymond F, Gaul E, Donovan ME, Barbui M, Bonasera A, Natowitz JB, Albright BJ, Fernández JC, Ditmire T. Characterization of deuterium clusters mixed with helium gas for an application in beam-target-fusion experiments. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:063109. [PMID: 25615207 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.063109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We measured the average deuterium cluster size within a mixture of deuterium clusters and helium gas by detecting Rayleigh scattering signals. The average cluster size from the gas mixture was comparable to that from a pure deuterium gas when the total backing pressure and temperature of the gas mixture were the same as those of the pure deuterium gas. According to these measurements, the average size of deuterium clusters depends on the total pressure and not the partial pressure of deuterium in the gas mixture. To characterize the cluster source size further, a Faraday cup was used to measure the average kinetic energy of the ions resulting from Coulomb explosion of deuterium clusters upon irradiation by an intense ultrashort pulse. The deuterium ions indeed acquired a similar amount of energy from the mixture target, corroborating our measurements of the average cluster size. As the addition of helium atoms did not reduce the resulting ion kinetic energies, the reported results confirm the utility of using a known cluster source for beam-target-fusion experiments by introducing a secondary target gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87544, USA
| | - H J Quevedo
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - A C Bernstein
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Y S Ihn
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - J Cortez
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - F Aymond
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - E Gaul
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - M E Donovan
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - M Barbui
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - A Bonasera
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA and LNS-INFN, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J B Natowitz
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - B J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87544, USA
| | - J C Fernández
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87544, USA
| | - T Ditmire
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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7
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Wang X, Zgadzaj R, Fazel N, Li Z, Yi SA, Zhang X, Henderson W, Chang YY, Korzekwa R, Tsai HE, Pai CH, Quevedo H, Dyer G, Gaul E, Martinez M, Bernstein AC, Borger T, Spinks M, Donovan M, Khudik V, Shvets G, Ditmire T, Downer MC. Quasi-monoenergetic laser-plasma acceleration of electrons to 2 GeV. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1988. [PMID: 23756359 PMCID: PMC3709475 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-plasma accelerators of only a centimetre’s length have produced nearly monoenergetic electron bunches with energy as high as 1 GeV. Scaling these compact accelerators to multi-gigaelectronvolt energy would open the prospect of building X-ray free-electron lasers and linear colliders hundreds of times smaller than conventional facilities, but the 1 GeV barrier has so far proven insurmountable. Here, by applying new petawatt laser technology, we produce electron bunches with a spectrum prominently peaked at 2 GeV with only a few per cent energy spread and unprecedented sub-milliradian divergence. Petawatt pulses inject ambient plasma electrons into the laser-driven accelerator at much lower density than was previously possible, thereby overcoming the principal physical barriers to multi-gigaelectronvolt acceleration: dephasing between laser-driven wake and accelerating electrons and laser pulse erosion. Simulations indicate that with improvements in the laser-pulse focus quality, acceleration to nearly 10 GeV should be possible with the available pulse energy. Laser-plasma accelerators can produce high-energy electron bunches over just a few centimetres of distance, offering possible table-top accelerator capabilities. Wang et al. break the current 1 GeV barrier by applying a petawatt laser to accelerate electrons nearly monoenergetically up to 2 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
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8
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Bang W, Barbui M, Bonasera A, Quevedo HJ, Dyer G, Bernstein AC, Hagel K, Schmidt K, Gaul E, Donovan ME, Consoli F, De Angelis R, Andreoli P, Barbarino M, Kimura S, Mazzocco M, Natowitz JB, Ditmire T. Experimental study of fusion neutron and proton yields produced by petawatt-laser-irradiated D₂-³He or CD₄-³He clustering gases. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 88:033108. [PMID: 24125372 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.033108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on experiments in which the Texas Petawatt laser irradiated a mixture of deuterium or deuterated methane clusters and helium-3 gas, generating three types of nuclear fusion reactions: D(d,^{3}He)n, D(d,t)p, and ^{3}He(d,p)^{4}He. We measured the yields of fusion neutrons and protons from these reactions and found them to agree with yields based on a simple cylindrical plasma model using known cross sections and measured plasma parameters. Within our measurement errors, the fusion products were isotropically distributed. Plasma temperatures, important for the cross sections, were determined by two independent methods: (1) deuterium ion time of flight and (2) utilizing the ratio of neutron yield to proton yield from D(d,^{3}He)n and ^{3}He(d,p)^{4}He reactions, respectively. This experiment produced the highest ion temperature ever achieved with laser-irradiated deuterium clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bang
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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9
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Barbui M, Bang W, Bonasera A, Hagel K, Schmidt K, Natowitz JB, Burch R, Giuliani G, Barbarino M, Zheng H, Dyer G, Quevedo HJ, Gaul E, Bernstein AC, Donovan M, Kimura S, Mazzocco M, Consoli F, De Angelis R, Andreoli P, Ditmire T. Measurement of the plasma astrophysical S factor for the 3He(d,p)4He reaction in exploding molecular clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:082502. [PMID: 24010431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.082502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The plasma astrophysical S factor for the 3He(d,p)4He fusion reaction was measured for the first time at temperatures of few keV, using the interaction of intense ultrafast laser pulses with molecular deuterium clusters mixed with 3He atoms. Different proportions of D2 and 3He or CD4 and 3He were mixed in the gas target in order to allow the measurement of the cross section for the 3He(d,p)4He reaction. The yield of 14.7 MeV protons from the 3He(d,p)4He reaction was measured in order to extract the astrophysical S factor at low energies. Our result is in agreement with other S factor parametrizations found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barbui
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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10
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Bang W, Barbui M, Bonasera A, Dyer G, Quevedo HJ, Hagel K, Schmidt K, Consoli F, De Angelis R, Andreoli P, Gaul E, Bernstein AC, Donovan M, Barbarino M, Kimura S, Mazzocco M, Sura J, Natowitz JB, Ditmire T. Temperature measurements of fusion plasmas produced by Petawatt-Laser-Irradiated D2 - (3)He or CD4 - (3)He clustering gases. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:055002. [PMID: 23952411 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two different methods have been employed to determine the plasma temperature in a laser-cluster fusion experiment on the Texas Petawatt laser. In the first, the temperature was derived from time-of-flight data of deuterium ions ejected from exploding D(2) or CD(4) clusters. In the second, the temperature was measured from the ratio of the rates of two different nuclear fusion reactions occurring in the plasma at the same time: D(d,(3)He)n and (3)He(d,p)(4)He. The temperatures determined by these two methods agree well, which indicates that (i) the ion energy distribution is not significantly distorted when ions travel in the disassembling plasma; (ii) the kinetic energy of deuterium ions, especially the "hottest part" responsible for nuclear fusion, is well described by a near-Maxwellian distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bang
- Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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Bang W, Dyer G, Quevedo HJ, Bernstein AC, Gaul E, Donovan M, Ditmire T. Optimization of the neutron yield in fusion plasmas produced by Coulomb explosions of deuterium clusters irradiated by a petawatt laser. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 87:023106. [PMID: 23496630 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.023106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic energy of hot (multi-keV) ions from the laser-driven Coulomb explosion of deuterium clusters and the resulting fusion yield in plasmas formed from these exploding clusters has been investigated under a variety of conditions using the Texas Petawatt laser. An optimum laser intensity was found for producing neutrons in these cluster fusion plasmas with corresponding average ion energies of 14 keV. The substantial volume (1-10 mm(3)) of the laser-cluster interaction produced by the petawatt peak power laser pulse led to a fusion yield of 1.6×10(7) neutrons in a single shot with a 120 J, 170 fs laser pulse. Possible effects of prepulses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bang
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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Bergeron A, Gaul E, Bergeron D. Combinatorial tools for the analysis of transcriptional regulation. Pac Symp Biocomput 1997:62-73. [PMID: 9390280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss virtual experiments for the study of major regulatory processes such as translation, signalization or transcription pathways. An essential part of these processes is the formation of protein clusters held together by a small number of binding domains that can be shared by many different proteins. Analysis of these clusters is complicated by the vast number of different arrangements of proteins that can trigger a specific reaction. We propose combinatorial tools that can help predict the effects on the rate of transcription of either changes in transcriptional factors concentration, or due to the introduction of chimeras combining domains not usually present on a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bergeron
- LACIM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
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Abstract
Because the increase in sodium excretion during left atrial distension in conscious dogs is abolished after chronic cardiac denervation, we have investigated whether this is a result of the disappearance of specific atrial granules. Electron microscopy and light-microscopical and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry of canine atria show that atrial granules displaying immunoreactivity for cardiac hormones of the cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic polypeptide (CDD/ANP) family are still present in denervated left and right atria, although reduced in quantity. It is concluded that the "atrial-induced natriuresis" is not only related to the existence of specific atrial granules. The functional link between atrial-induced natriuresis provoked by atrial distension and the release of atrial polypeptide hormones remains uncertain because the denervated heart can secrete CDD although the diuretic-natriuretic effect is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kaczmarczyk
- Abteilung für Experimentelle Anästhesie, Klinikum Charlottenburg, Freie Universität Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
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