1
|
Shan N, Ngo AT, Kondari A, Asadi M, Curtiss LA. A solid-state Li-air battery: computational studies of interfaces and relevance to discharge mechanism. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:134-144. [PMID: 37791894 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
There is much interest in developing new energy storage systems to replace currently available ones that mainly work based on Li-ion intercalations. One attractive area is the Li-air battery for which most of the research has involved liquid electrolytes. There have been few studies on the use of a solid electrolyte in a Li-air battery. Recently, we reported the successful use of a solid-state electrolyte in a Li-air battery resulting in a Li2O product and potentially much higher energy density than in a Li-air battery based on either a Li2O2 or LiO2 product (Science, 2023, 379, 499). In this paper we discuss how the discharge mechanism involved in this solid-state Li-air battery differs from that of a Li-air battery with a liquid electrolyte. The solid-state mechanism is further explored with density functional studies of various interfaces involving the discharge product. We discuss the relevance of the results to the discharge mechanism in the solid-state Li-air battery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Shan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60516, USA.
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60516, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago 60607, USA
| | - Alireza Kondari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 60616, USA
| | - Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 60616, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60516, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiu Q, Wang J, Yao P, Li Y. A facile coprecipitation approach for synthesizing LaNi 0.5Co 0.5O 3 as the cathode for a molten-salt lithium-oxygen battery. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:327-340. [PMID: 37753574 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00078h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The cathode of a lithium-oxygen battery (LOB) should be well designed to deliver high catalytic activity and long stability, and to provide sufficient space for accommodating the discharge product. Herein, a facile coprecipitation approach is employed to synthesize LaNi0.5Co0.5O3 (LNCO) perovskite oxide with a low annealing temperature. The assembled LOB exhibits superior electrochemical performance with a low charge overpotential of 0.03-0.05 V in the current density range of 0.1-0.5 mA cm-2. The battery ran stably for 119 cycles at a high coulombic efficiency. The superior performance is ascribed to (i) the high catalytic activity of LNCO towards oxygen reduction/evolution reactions; (ii) the increased temperature enabling fast kinetics; and (iii) the LiNO3-KNO3 molten salt enhancing the stability of the LOB operating at high temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Qiu
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Penghui Yao
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Yongdan Li
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu T, Zhao S, Xiong Q, Yu J, Wang J, Huang G, Ni M, Zhang X. Reversible Discharge Products in Li-Air Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208925. [PMID: 36502282 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-air (Li-air) batteries stand out among the post-Li-ion batteries due to their high energy density, which has rapidly progressed in the past years. Regarding the fundamental mechanism of Li-air batteries that discharge products produced and decomposed during charging and recharging progress, the reversibility of products closely affects the battery performance. Along with the upsurge of the mainstream discharge products lithium peroxide, with devoted efforts to screening electrolytes, constructing high-efficiency cathodes, and optimizing anodes, much progress is made in the fundamental understanding and performance. However, the limited advancement is insufficient. In this case, the investigations of other discharge products, including lithium hydroxide, lithium superoxide, lithium oxide, and lithium carbonate, emerge and bring breakthroughs for the Li-air battery technologies. To deepen the understanding of the electrochemical reactions and conversions of discharge products in the battery, recent advances in the various discharge products, mainly focusing on the growth and decomposition mechanisms and the determining factors are systematically reviewed. The perspectives for Li-air batteries on the fundamental development of discharge products and future applications are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ni
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nava M, Zhang S, Pastore KS, Feng X, Lancaster KM, Nocera DG, Cummins CC. Lithium superoxide encapsulated in a benzoquinone anion matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019392118. [PMID: 34903644 PMCID: PMC8713792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019392118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium peroxide is the crucial storage material in lithium-air batteries. Understanding the redox properties of this salt is paramount toward improving the performance of this class of batteries. Lithium peroxide, upon exposure to p-benzoquinone (p-C6H4O2) vapor, develops a deep blue color. This blue powder can be formally described as [Li2O2][Formula: see text] [LiO2][Formula: see text] {Li[p-C6H4O2]}0.7, though spectroscopic characterization indicates a more nuanced structural speciation. Infrared, Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance, diffuse-reflectance ultraviolet-visible and X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal that the lithium salt of the benzoquinone radical anion forms on the surface of the lithium peroxide, indicating the occurrence of electron and lithium ion transfer in the solid state. As a result, obligate lithium superoxide is formed and encapsulated in a shell of Li[p-C6H4O2] with a core of Li2O2 Lithium superoxide has been proposed as a critical intermediate in the charge/discharge cycle of Li-air batteries, but has yet to be isolated, owing to instability. The results reported herein provide a snapshot of lithium peroxide/superoxide chemistry in the solid state with redox mediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nava
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Katharine S Pastore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kondori A, Jiang Z, Esmaeilirad M, Tamadoni Saray M, Kakekhani A, Kucuk K, Navarro Munoz Delgado P, Maghsoudipour S, Hayes J, Johnson CS, Segre CU, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Rappe AM, Asadi M. Kinetically Stable Oxide Overlayers on Mo 3 P Nanoparticles Enabling Lithium-Air Batteries with Low Overpotentials and Long Cycle Life. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004028. [PMID: 33169392 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main drawbacks of today's state-of-the-art lithium-air (Li-air) batteries are their low energy efficiency and limited cycle life due to the lack of earth-abundant cathode catalysts that can drive both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) at high rates at thermodynamic potentials. Here, inexpensive trimolybdenum phosphide (Mo3 P) nanoparticles with an exceptional activity-ORR and OER current densities of 7.21 and 6.85 mA cm-2 at 2.0 and 4.2 V versus Li/Li+ , respectively-in an oxygen-saturated non-aqueous electrolyte are reported. The Tafel plots indicate remarkably low charge transfer resistance-Tafel slopes of 35 and 38 mV dec-1 for ORR and OER, respectively-resulting in the lowest ORR overpotential of 4.0 mV and OER overpotential of 5.1 mV reported to date. Using this catalyst, a Li-air battery cell with low discharge and charge overpotentials of 80 and 270 mV, respectively, and high energy efficiency of 90.2% in the first cycle is demonstrated. A long cycle life of 1200 is also achieved for this cell. Density functional theory calculations of ORR and OER on Mo3 P (110) reveal that an oxide overlayer formed on the surface gives rise to the observed high ORR and OER electrocatalytic activity and small discharge/charge overpotentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kondori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Esmaeilirad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Mahmoud Tamadoni Saray
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Arvin Kakekhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Kamil Kucuk
- Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Pablo Navarro Munoz Delgado
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Sadaf Maghsoudipour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - John Hayes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Christopher S Johnson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Carlo U Segre
- Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia C, Kwok CY, Nazar LF. A high-energy-density lithium-oxygen battery based on a reversible four-electron conversion to lithium oxide. Science 2018; 361:777-781. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries have attracted much attention owing to the high theoretical energy density afforded by the two-electron reduction of O2 to lithium peroxide (Li2O2). We report an inorganic-electrolyte Li-O2 cell that cycles at an elevated temperature via highly reversible four-electron redox to form crystalline lithium oxide (Li2O). It relies on a bifunctional metal oxide host that catalyzes O–O bond cleavage on discharge, yielding a high capacity of 11 milliampere-hours per square centimeter, and O2 evolution on charge with very low overpotential. Online mass spectrometry and chemical quantification confirm that oxidation of Li2O involves transfer of exactly 4 e–/O2. This work shows that Li-O2 electrochemistry is not intrinsically limited once problems of electrolyte, superoxide, and cathode host are overcome and that coulombic efficiency close to 100% can be achieved.
Collapse
|
7
|
A lithium-oxygen battery with a long cycle life in an air-like atmosphere. Nature 2018; 555:502-506. [PMID: 29565358 DOI: 10.1038/nature25984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-air batteries are considered to be a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for transportation applications, owing to their high theoretical specific energy. So far, however, such systems have been largely restricted to pure oxygen environments (lithium-oxygen batteries) and have a limited cycle life owing to side reactions involving the cathode, anode and electrolyte. In the presence of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapour, these side reactions can become even more complex. Moreover, because of the need to store oxygen, the volumetric energy densities of lithium-oxygen systems may be too small for practical applications. Here we report a system comprising a lithium carbonate-based protected anode, a molybdenum disulfide cathode and an ionic liquid/dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte that operates as a lithium-air battery in a simulated air atmosphere with a long cycle life of up to 700 cycles. We perform computational studies to provide insight into the operation of the system in this environment. This demonstration of a lithium-oxygen battery with a long cycle life in an air-like atmosphere is an important step towards the development of this field beyond lithium-ion technology, with a possibility to obtain much higher specific energy densities than for conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Welland MJ, Tenuta E, Prudil AA. Linearization-based method for solving a multicomponent diffusion phase-field model with arbitrary solution thermodynamics. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:063312. [PMID: 28709322 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.063312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a phase-field model for an isothermal multicomponent, multiphase system which avoids implicit interfacial energy contributions by starting from a grand potential formulation. A method is developed for incorporating arbitrary forms of the equilibrium thermodynamic potentials in all phases to determine an explicit relationship between chemical potentials and species concentrations. The model incorporates variable densities between adjacent phases, defect migration, and dependence of internal pressure on object dimensions ranging from the macro- to nanoscale. A demonstrative simulation of an overpressurized nanoscopic intragranular bubble in nuclear fuel migrating to a grain boundary under kinetically limited vacancy diffusion is shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Welland
- Fuel & Fuel Channel Safety, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, K0J 1J0
| | - E Tenuta
- Fuel & Fuel Channel Safety, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, K0J 1J0.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L8
| | - A A Prudil
- Fuel & Fuel Channel Safety, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, K0J 1J0
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gwak G, Ju H. Three-dimensional transient modeling of a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium-air battery. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Welland MJ, Lau KC, Redfern PC, Liang L, Zhai D, Wolf D, Curtiss LA. An atomistically informed mesoscale model for growth and coarsening during discharge in lithium-oxygen batteries. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:224113. [PMID: 26671364 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An atomistically informed mesoscale model is developed for the deposition of a discharge product in a Li-O2 battery. This mescocale model includes particle growth and coarsening as well as a simplified nucleation model. The model involves LiO2 formation through reaction of O2(-) and Li(+) in the electrolyte, which deposits on the cathode surface when the LiO2 concentration reaches supersaturation in the electrolyte. A reaction-diffusion (rate-equation) model is used to describe the processes occurring in the electrolyte and a phase-field model is used to capture microstructural evolution. This model predicts that coarsening, in which large particles grow and small ones disappear, has a substantial effect on the size distribution of the LiO2 particles during the discharge process. The size evolution during discharge is the result of the interplay between this coarsening process and particle growth. The growth through continued deposition of LiO2 has the effect of causing large particles to grow ever faster while delaying the dissolution of small particles. The predicted size evolution is consistent with experimental results for a previously reported cathode material based on activated carbon during discharge and when it is at rest, although kinetic factors need to be included. The approach described in this paper synergistically combines models on different length scales with experimental observations and should have applications in studying other related discharge processes, such as Li2O2 deposition, in Li-O2 batteries and nucleation and growth in Li-S batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Welland
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Kah Chun Lau
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Paul C Redfern
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Linyun Liang
- Mathematics and Computer Science, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Denyun Zhai
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Dieter Wolf
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|