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Karafiludis S, Scoppola E, Wolf SE, Kochovski Z, Matzdorff D, Van Driessche AES, Hövelmann J, Emmerling F, Stawski TM. Evidence for liquid-liquid phase separation during the early stages of Mg-struvite formation. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:134503. [PMID: 37787132 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The precipitation of struvite, a magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) mineral, from wastewater is a promising method for recovering phosphorous. While this process is commonly used in engineered environments, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of struvite crystals remains limited. Specifically, indirect evidence suggests the involvement of an amorphous precursor and the occurrence of multi-step processes in struvite formation, which would indicate non-classical paths of nucleation and crystallization. In this study, we use synchrotron-based in situ x-ray scattering complemented by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to obtain new insights from the earliest stages of struvite formation. The holistic scattering data captured the structure of an entire assembly in a time-resolved manner. The structural features comprise the aqueous medium, the growing struvite crystals, and any potential heterogeneities or complex entities. By analysing the scattering data, we found that the onset of crystallization causes a perturbation in the structure of the surrounding aqueous medium. This perturbation is characterized by the occurrence and evolution of Ornstein-Zernike fluctuations on a scale of about 1 nm, suggesting a non-classical nature of the system. We interpret this phenomenon as a liquid-liquid phase separation, which gives rise to the formation of the amorphous precursor phase preceding actual crystal growth of struvite. Our microscopy results confirm that the formation of Mg-struvite includes a short-lived amorphous phase, lasting >10 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanos Karafiludis
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstatter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernesto Scoppola
- Biomaterials, Hierarchical Structure of Biological and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Stephan E Wolf
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Glass and Ceramics, Martensstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zdravko Kochovski
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Matzdorff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander E S Van Driessche
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), CSIC - Universidad de Granada, Av. De las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Jörn Hövelmann
- REMONDIS Production GmbH, Brunnenstraße 138, 44536 Lünen, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstatter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz M Stawski
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstatter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Fink F, Stawski TM, Stockmann JM, Emmerling F, Falkenhagen J. Surface Modification of Kraft Lignin by Mechanochemical Processing with Sodium Percarbonate. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4274-4284. [PMID: 37561452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present a novel one-pot mechanochemical reaction for the surface activation of lignin. The process involves environmentally friendly oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, depolymerization of fractions with high molecular mass, and introduction of new carbonyl functions into the lignin backbone. Kraft lignin was ground with sodium percarbonate and sodium hydroxide in a ball mill at different time intervals. Analyses by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed significant improvements. After only 5 min of reaction, there was a 47% reduction in mass-average molecular weight and an increase in carboxyl functionalities. Chemical activation resulted in an approximately 2.8-fold increase in water adsorption. Principal component analysis (PCA) provided further insight into the correlations between IR spectra and SAXS parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Fink
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematische-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz M Stawski
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg M Stockmann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematische-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Parisi D, Truzzolillo D, Slim AH, Dieudonné-George P, Narayanan S, Conrad JC, Deepak VD, Gauthier M, Vlassopoulos D. Gelation and Re-entrance in Mixtures of Soft Colloids and Linear Polymers of Equal Size. Macromolecules 2023; 56:1818-1827. [PMID: 36938509 PMCID: PMC10019458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Liquid mixtures composed of colloidal particles and much smaller non-adsorbing linear homopolymers can undergo a gelation transition due to polymer-mediated depletion forces. We now show that the addition of linear polymers to suspensions of soft colloids having the same hydrodynamic size yields a liquid-to-gel-to-re-entrant liquid transition. In particular, the dynamic state diagram of 1,4-polybutadiene star-linear polymer mixtures was determined with the help of linear viscoelastic and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. While keeping the star polymers below their nominal overlap concentration, a gel was formed upon increasing the linear polymer content. Further addition of linear chains yielded a re-entrant liquid. This unexpected behavior was rationalized by the interplay of three possible phenomena: (i) depletion interactions, driven by the size disparity between the stars and the polymer length scale which is the mesh size of its entanglement network; (ii) colloidal deswelling due to the increased osmotic pressure exerted onto the stars; and (iii) a concomitant progressive suppression of the depletion efficiency on increasing the polymer concentration due to reduced mesh size, hence a smaller range of attraction. Our results unveil an exciting new way to tailor the flow of soft colloids and highlight a largely unexplored path to engineer soft colloidal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Parisi
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire
Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Ali H. Slim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | | | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jacinta C. Conrad
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, United States
| | - Vishnu D. Deepak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
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4
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A Biophysical Study of DNA Condensation Mediated by Histones and Protamines. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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“Green” biocomposite Poly (vinyl alcohol)/starch cryogels as new advanced tools for the cleaning of artifacts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:697-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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He YF, Huang ST, Chen CH, Chang YH, Hua CC, Chiang PR, Weng JY. Multiscale structures and rheology of bisurea-loaded resins for anti-sagging applications. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10628-10639. [PMID: 34755754 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Four representative bisurea molecules (HDI-BA, MDI-BA, TDI-BA, and IPDI-BA) were synthesized and dispersed simultaneously by reacting benzylamine (BA) with various types of diisocyanates in a polyester/ortho-xylene resin medium to produce bisurea-loaded resins (BLRs) for anti-sagging application with paints and coating materials. These bisurea molecules are symmetric and differ only in the central spacer unit, thereby presenting an ideal and simplest model system to delve into the structure-performance relationship. The multiscale structural features arising from self-assembly in each of the BLRs were scrutinized using the combination of multi-angular dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle light/X-ray scattering (SALS/SAXS), rheology, and scanning electron/optical microscopy (SEM/OM) characterization. All four BLRs were revealed to foster micron-sized, mostly sphere-like agglomerates, with distinct hierarchical structures that correlate well with their thixotropic and anti-sagging performances. Three BLRs (HDI-BA, MDI-BA, and TDI-BA) produce similar rod-like packing units (10 × 1 × 1 nm3), with only one exception (IPDI-BA) that produces a spherical packing unit (2 nm in diameter). However, the bulk feature of the agglomeration state, which dictates the thixotropic and anti-sagging properties, cannot be readily foreseen from the chemical structure or elementary packing unit of a bisurea. The present findings, while confirming the importance of optimum molecular design that controls the early-stage self-assembly behavior of a bisurea in resin media, highlight the necessity of resolving detailed (multiscale) structural features in order to establish the full structure-performance relationship imperatively needed for like material systems and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621301, Taiwan.
| | - Ssu-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621301, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621301, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621301, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chung Hua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621301, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Ray Chiang
- Fundamental Research Technical Team of R&D Division, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 821010, Taiwan.
| | - Jien-Yi Weng
- Fundamental Research Technical Team of R&D Division, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 821010, Taiwan.
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7
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Seeds of imperfection rule the mesocrystalline disorder in natural anhydrite single crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111213118. [PMID: 34815342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111213118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, we have come to appreciate the astounding intricacies associated with the formation of minerals from ions in aqueous solutions. In this context, a number of studies have revealed that the nucleation of calcium sulfate systems occurs nonclassically, involving the aggregation and reorganization of nanosized prenucleation species. In recent work, we have shown that this particle-mediated nucleation pathway is actually imprinted in the resultant micrometer-sized CaSO4 crystals. This property of CaSO4 minerals provides us with the unique opportunity to search for evidence of nonclassical nucleation pathways in geological environments. In particular, we focused on large anhydrite crystals extracted from the Naica Mine in Mexico. We were able to shed light on this mineral's growth history by mapping defects at different length scales. Based on this, we argue that the nanoscale misalignment of the structural subunits, observed in the initial calcium sulfate crystal seeds, propagates through different length scales both in morphological, as well as in strictly crystallographic aspects, eventually causing the formation of large mesostructured single crystals of anhydrite. Hence, the nonclassical nucleation mechanism introduces a "seed of imperfection," which leads to a macroscopic "single" crystal whose fragments do not fit together at different length scales in a self-similar manner. Consequently, anisotropic voids of various sizes are formed with very well-defined walls/edges. However, at the same time, the material retains in part its single crystal nature.
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8
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Yadav M, Yadav RP, Priya PK, Bhasker HP, Ţălu Ş, Mittal AK, Matos RS. Effect of Fe Doping on the Surface Morphology and Supercapacitor Properties of Sr(OH) 2 Thin Films: A Fractal Approach. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Yadav
- Department of Physics (MMV), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ram P. Yadav
- Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Govt. P. G. College, Saidabad, Prayagraj 221508, India
| | - Pradip K. Priya
- Department of Physics, Ewing Christian College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211 003, India
| | - Hari P. Bhasker
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Mahadeo Prasad Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Ştefan Ţălu
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca,, Constantin Daicoviciu St., no. 15, Cluj-Napoca 400020, Cluj County, Romania
| | - Ashok K. Mittal
- Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Robert Saraiva Matos
- Amazonian Materials Group, Physics Department, Federal University of Amapá, 68903-419 Amapá, Brazil
- Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
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9
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Huang ST, Yang CH, Lin PJ, Su CY, Hua CC. Multiscale structural and rheological features of colloidal low-methoxyl pectin solutions and calcium-induced sol-gel transition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19269-19279. [PMID: 34524316 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02778f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multiscale structural and rheological features of a series of dilute and semidilute low-methoxyl (LM) pectin solutions and a representative pectin/calcium sol-gel sample were systematically explored using a comprehensive combination of dynamic (DLS) and static light/X-ray scattering (SALS/SLS/SAXS), rheology, and microscopy (OM/SEM) characterizations. The study focused on the rarely explored colloidal aspect of LM pectin solutions and sol-gel transition, in contrast to the polymeric features extensively explored in previous studies. A highly uniform colloid-like, micron-sized agglomerate species was revealed in dilute solutions, with a progressively increased degree of flocculation in the semidilute regime (≥1.5 wt%). The agglomerate species in these solutions was resolved to be formed by random associations of individual pectin chains (L = 30 nm, r = 0.4 nm). Adding a critical amount of Ca2+ (10 wt%) to a semidilute solution (2 wt%) has an instant and pronounced effect of enhancing the agglomerate flocculation and resulting in a locally jammed state. Meanwhile, the agglomerate interior underwent microstructural transformation, leading to hierarchical structures defined by intermediate (spherical) aggregate species (Rg,aggregate ≈ 150 nm) and its packing cylindrical bundle (d ≈ 4 nm) composed of five pectin chains. Novel rheological features observed during the LM pectin/Ca2+ sol-gel transition include the following: the dynamic modulus data exhibited excellent TTS (gelling time/relaxation time superposition) as previously observed for weakly attractive colloidal gels. Three yield points were noticed for the final gel sample, suggested to mark the bond breaking of the cluster network, cage breaking of the resulting jammed flocculates, and, eventually, breakup of a flocculate into smaller agglomerates with increasing stress amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hao Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Peng-Ju Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-You Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chung Hua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
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10
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Smith AJ, Alcock SG, Davidson LS, Emmins JH, Hiller Bardsley JC, Holloway P, Malfois M, Marshall AR, Pizzey CL, Rogers SE, Shebanova O, Snow T, Sutter JP, Williams EP, Terrill NJ. I22: SAXS/WAXS beamline at Diamond Light Source - an overview of 10 years operation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:939-947. [PMID: 33950002 PMCID: PMC8127364 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Beamline I22 at Diamond Light Source is dedicated to the study of soft-matter systems from both biological and materials science. The beamline can operate in the range 3.7 keV to 22 keV for transmission SAXS and 14 keV to 20 keV for microfocus SAXS with beam sizes of 240 µm × 60 µm [full width half-maximum (FWHM) horizontal (H) × vertical (V)] at the sample for the main beamline, and approximately 10 µm × 10 µm for the dedicated microfocusing platform. There is a versatile sample platform for accommodating a range of facilities and user-developed sample environments. The high brilliance of the insertion device source on I22 allows structural investigation of materials under extreme environments (for example, fluid flow at high pressures and temperatures). I22 provides reliable access to millisecond data acquisition timescales, essential to understanding kinetic processes such as protein folding or structural evolution in polymers and colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S. G. Alcock
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - L. S. Davidson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. H. Emmins
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. C. Hiller Bardsley
- King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - P. Holloway
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - M. Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. R. Marshall
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - C. L. Pizzey
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S. E. Rogers
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - O. Shebanova
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - T. Snow
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. P. Sutter
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - E. P. Williams
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - N. J. Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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11
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Structures and dynamic hydration of CaSO4 clusters in supersaturated solutions: A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Min Y, Leng F, Machado BF, Lecante P, Roblin P, Martinez H, Theussl T, Casu A, Falqui A, Barcenilla M, Coco S, Martínez BMI, Martin N, Axet MR, Serp P. 2D and 3D Ruthenium Nanoparticle Covalent Assemblies for Phenyl Acetylene Hydrogenation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Min
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Faqiang Leng
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Bruno F. Machado
- LSRE‐LCM Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200‐465 Porto Portugal
| | - Pierre Lecante
- Centre d'élaboration des matériaux et d'études structurales UPR CNRS 8011 29 Rue Jeanne‐Marvig, BP 4347 31055 Toulouse France
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique and Fédération de Recherche FERMAT 31030 Toulouse France
| | - Hervé Martinez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour 64053 Pau France
| | - Thomas Theussl
- Visualization Core Lab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955‐6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Casu
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, NABLA Lab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955‐6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, NABLA Lab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955‐6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - María Barcenilla
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valladolid 47071 Valladolid Spain
| | - Silverio Coco
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valladolid 47071 Valladolid Spain
| | - Beatriz María Illescas Martínez
- Departamento Química Orgánica Facultad C. C. Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid Spain
- Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Nazario Martin
- Departamento Química Orgánica Facultad C. C. Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid Spain
- Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Rosa Axet
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Philippe Serp
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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13
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Curing behavior, chain dynamics, and microstructure of high Tg thiol-acrylate networks with systematically varied network heterogeneity. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Neouze MA, Freitas AP, Ramamoorthy RK, Mohammedi R, Larquet E, Tusseau-Nenez S, Carrière D, Gacoin T. Toward a Chemical Control of Colloidal YVO 4 Nanoparticles Microstructure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9124-9131. [PMID: 32672970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth-doped oxides are a class of compounds that have been largely studied in the context of the development of luminescent nanocrystals for various applications including fluorescent labels for bioimaging, MRI contrast agents, luminescent nanocomposite coatings, etc. Elaboration of colloidal suspensions is usually achieved through coprecipitation. Particles exhibit emission properties that are similar to the bulk counterparts, although altered by crystalline defects or surface quenching species. Focusing on YVO4:Eu, one of the first reported systems, the aim of this work is to revisit the elaboration of nanoparticles obtained through a simple aqueous coprecipitation route. The objective is more precisely to get a better understanding of the parameters affecting the particles' internal microstructure, a feature that is poorly controlled and characterized. We show that the hydroxyl concentration in the precursor solution has a drastic effect on the particles' microstructure. Moreover, discrepancies in the reported particle structure are shown to possibly arise from the carbonation of the strongly basic orthovanadate precursor. For this study, SAXS/WAXS is shown to be a powerful tool to characterize the multiscale structure of the particles. It could be shown that playing on the precursor composition, it may be varied between almost monocrystalline nanocrystals to particles exhibiting a hierarchical microstructure well described by a surface fractal model. This work provides a new methodology for the characterization of nanoparticles microstructure and opens new directions for its optimization in view of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Alexandra Neouze
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexy P Freitas
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Rabei Mohammedi
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Eric Larquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Tusseau-Nenez
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - David Carrière
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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15
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Kim H, Hight‐Huf N, Kang J, Bisnoff P, Sundararajan S, Thompson T, Barnes M, Hayward RC, Emrick T. Polymer Zwitterions for Stabilization of CsPbBr
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Perovskite Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | | | - Ji‐Hwan Kang
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Phoebe Bisnoff
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Suvin Sundararajan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Theo Thompson
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Michael Barnes
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst USA
| | - Ryan C. Hayward
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
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16
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Kim H, Hight-Huf N, Kang JH, Bisnoff P, Sundararajan S, Thompson T, Barnes M, Hayward RC, Emrick T. Polymer Zwitterions for Stabilization of CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10802-10806. [PMID: 32141215 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymers with sulfobetaine or phosphorylcholine zwitterions as pendent groups are demonstrated as both ligands and host matrices for CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles (PNPs). These polymers produce nanocomposite films with excellent NP dispersion, optical transparency, and impressive resistance to NP degradation upon exposure to water. Multidentate interactions of the zwitterion-containing copolymers with the PNPs induce dispersed or weakly aggregated nanocomposite morphologies, depending on the extent of zwitterionic functionality in the polymer. Incorporating additional functionality into the polymers, such as benzophenone pendent groups, yields lithographically patternable films, while time-resolved photoluminescence measurements provide insight into the electronic impact of PNPs in zwitterionic polymer matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | | | - Ji-Hwan Kang
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Phoebe Bisnoff
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Suvin Sundararajan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Theo Thompson
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Michael Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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17
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Upadhya R, Murthy NS, Hoop CL, Kosuri S, Nanda V, Kohn J, Baum J, Gormley AJ. PET-RAFT and SAXS: High Throughput Tools to Study Compactness and Flexibility of Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2019; 52:8295-8304. [PMID: 33814613 PMCID: PMC8018520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
From protein science, it is well understood that ordered folding and 3D structure mainly arises from balanced and noncovalent polar and nonpolar interactions, such as hydrogen bonding. Similarly, it is understood that single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) will also compact and become more rigid with greater hydrophobicity and intrachain hydrogen bonding. Here, we couple high throughput photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization with high throughput small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to characterize a large combinatorial library (>450) of several homopolymers, random heteropolymers, block copolymers, PEG-conjugated polymers, and other polymer-functionalized polymers. Coupling these two high throughput tools enables us to study the major influence(s) for compactness and flexibility in higher breadth than ever before possible. Not surprisingly, we found that many were either highly disordered in solution, in the case of a highly hydrophilic polymer, or insoluble if too hydrophobic. Remarkably, we also found a small group (9/457) of PEG-functionalized random heteropolymers and block copolymers that exhibited compactness and flexibility similar to that of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by dynamic light scattering (DLS), NMR, and SAXS. In general, we found that describing a rough association between compactness and flexibility parameters (R g /R h and Porod Exponent, respectively) with logP, a quantity that describes hydrophobicity, helps to demonstrate and predict material parameters that lead to SCNPs with greater compactness, rigidity, and stability. Future implementation of this combinatorial and high throughput approach for characterizing SCNPs will allow for the creation of detailed design parameters for well-defined macromolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - N. Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cody L. Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shashank Kosuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Vikas Nanda
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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18
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de Mello LR, Hamley IW, Castelletto V, Garcia BBM, Han SW, de Oliveira CLP, da Silva ER. Nanoscopic Structure of Complexes Formed between DNA and the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8861-8871. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian William Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RGD 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RGD 6AD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sang Won Han
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
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19
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Hövelmann J, Stawski TM, Besselink R, Freeman HM, Dietmann KM, Mayanna S, Pauw BR, Benning LG. A template-free and low temperature method for the synthesis of mesoporous magnesium phosphate with uniform pore structure and high surface area. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6939-6951. [PMID: 30916071 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous phosphates are a group of nanostructured materials with promising applications, particularly in biomedicine and catalysis. However, their controlled synthesis via conventional template-based routes presents a number of challenges and limitations. Here, we show how to synthesize a mesoporous magnesium phosphate with a high surface area and a well-defined pore structure through thermal decomposition of a crystalline struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) precursor. In a first step, struvite crystals with various morphologies and sizes, ranging from a few micrometers to several millimeters, had been synthesized from supersaturated aqueous solutions (saturation index (SI) between 0.5 and 4) at ambient pressure and temperature conditions. Afterwards, the crystals were thermally treated at 70-250 °C leading to the release of structurally bound water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3). By combining thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), N2 sorption analyses and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) we show that this decomposition process results in a pseudomorphic transformation of the original struvite into an amorphous Mg-phosphate. Of particular importance is the fact that the final material is characterized by a very uniform mesoporous structure with 2-5 nm wide pore channels, a large specific surface area of up to 300 m2 g-1 and a total pore volume of up to 0.28 cm3 g-1. Our struvite decomposition method is well controllable and reproducible and can be easily extended to the synthesis of other mesoporous phosphates. In addition, the so produced mesoporous material is a prime candidate for use in biomedical applications considering that magnesium phosphate is a widely used, non-toxic substance that has already shown excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Hövelmann
- German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Interface Geochemistry, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
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20
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Murthy NS, Wang W, Kamath Y. Structure of intermediate filament assembly in hair deduced from hydration studies using small-angle neutron scattering. J Struct Biol 2019; 206:295-304. [PMID: 30951823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are ubiquitous in biological structures including hair. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data from hydrated samples were used in this study to investigate the distribution of water in hair, and model the structure of the IF assembly. A main diffraction peak at a d-spacing of ∼90 Å, and two weaker reflections show that IFs are arranged in a ∼105 Å quasi-hexagonal lattice. Changes in the diffraction peaks show that only a small fraction of the water absorbed by hair enters between the IFs, and little water diffuses into the core of the IFs. The amount of water in the IF assembly increases rapidly up to 10% relative humidity (RH), and then slowly with further increase in RH. Most of the water appears to reside outside the IF assembly, in the voids and at the interfaces, and contribute to the central diffuse scattering. The IF assembly in the decuticled hair absorbs more water and is more ordered than that the native hair. This suggests that cuticle acts as a barrier, and might constrain the structure by compressing the cortex radially. Treatments with oils that are hydrophobic, heat treatment, and reduction of the S-S linkages that opens up the matrix by disulfide bond cleavage, all affect structure and water permeability. Coconut oil was found to impede hydration more than the soybean oil because of its ability to penetrate deeper into hair. A new model for the IF assembly that is sterically more favorable than the previous models is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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21
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Pipich V, Schlenstedt K, Dickmann M, Kasher R, Meier-Haack J, Hugenschmidt C, Petry W, Oren Y, Schwahn D. Morphology and porous structure of standalone aromatic polyamide films as used in RO membranes – An exploration with SANS, PALS, and SEM. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Kihara S, van der Heijden NJ, Seal CK, Mata JP, Whitten AE, Köper I, McGillivray DJ. Soft and Hard Interactions between Polystyrene Nanoplastics and Human Serum Albumin Protein Corona. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1067-1076. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kihara
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Nadine J. van der Heijden
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Chris K. Seal
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jitendra P. Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Andrew E. Whitten
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Ingo Köper
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College for Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Duncan J. McGillivray
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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23
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Stawski TM, van den Heuvel DB, Besselink R, Tobler DJ, Benning LG. Mechanism of silica-lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:182-197. [PMID: 30746312 PMCID: PMC6350881 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative understanding of aggregation mechanisms leading to the formation of composites of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and proteins in aqueous media is of paramount interest for colloid chemistry. In particular, the interactions between silica (SiO2) NPs and lysozyme (LZM) have attracted attention, because LZM is well-known to adsorb strongly to silica NPs, while at the same time preserving its enzymatic activity. The inherent nature of the aggregation processes leading to NP-LZM composites involves structural changes at length scales from few to at least hundreds of nanometres but also time scales much smaller than one second. To unravel these we used in situ synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and followed the subtle interparticle interactions in solution at a time resolution of 50 ms/frame (20 fps). We show that if the size of silica NPs (ca. 5 nm diameter) is matched by the dimensions of LZM, the evolving scattering patterns contain a unique structure-factor contribution originating from the presence of LZM. We developed a scattering model and applied it to analyse this structure function, which allowed us to extract structural information on the deformation of lysozyme molecules during aggregation, as well as to derive the mechanisms of composite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Stawski
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, Interface Geochemistry, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniela B van den Heuvel
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9 JT, Leeds, UK
- Rock-Water Interaction Group, Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rogier Besselink
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, Interface Geochemistry, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique J Tobler
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liane G Benning
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, Interface Geochemistry, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9 JT, Leeds, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstr. 74–100 / Building A, 12249, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Cherny AY, Anitas EM, Osipov VA, Kuklin AI. The structure of deterministic mass and surface fractals: theory and methods of analyzing small-angle scattering data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12748-12762. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00783k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small-angle scattering (SAS) of X-rays, neutrons or light from ensembles of randomly oriented and placed deterministic fractal structures is studied theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugen M. Anitas
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
- Dubna 141980
- Russian Federation
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering
- RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele
| | | | - Alexander I. Kuklin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
- Dubna 141980
- Russian Federation
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
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25
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Veldhuis SA, Stawski TM, Gonzalez Rodriguez P, Yuan H, Besselink R, Benning LG, Ten Elshof JE. Following the Kinetics of Barium Titanate Nanocrystal Formation in Benzyl Alcohol Under Near-Ambient Conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802003. [PMID: 30198075 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In complex chemical syntheses (e.g., coprecipitation reactions), nucleation, growth, and coarsening often occur concurrently, obscuring the individual processes. Improved knowledge of these processes will help to better understand and optimize the reaction protocol. Here, a form-free and model independent approach, based on a combination of time-resolved small/wide-angle X-ray scattering, is employed to elucidate the effect of reaction parameters (such as precursor concentration, reactant stoichiometry, and temperature) on the nucleation, crystallization, and growth phenomena during the formation of nanocrystalline barium titanate. The strength of this approach is that it relies solely on the total scattered intensity (i.e., scattering invariant) of the investigated system, and no prior knowledge is required. As such, it can be widely applied to other synthesis protocols and material's systems. Through the scattering invariant, it is found that the amorphous-to-crystalline transformation of barium titanate is predominantly determined by the total amount of water released from the gel-like barium hydroxide octahydrate precursor, and three rate-limiting regimes are established. As a result of this improved understanding of the effect of varying reaction conditions, elementary boundary conditions can be set up for a better control of the barium titanate nanocrystal synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd A Veldhuis
- Inorganic Materials Science Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz M Stawski
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
- School of Earth and Environment, Cohen Biogeochemistry Laboratory, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pablo Gonzalez Rodriguez
- Inorganic Materials Science Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Huiyu Yuan
- Inorganic Materials Science Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Besselink
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Liane G Benning
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Free University of Berlin, 12249, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan E Ten Elshof
- Inorganic Materials Science Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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26
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Physicochemical and Additive Controls on the Multistep Precipitation Pathway of Gypsum. MINERALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/min7080140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Cherny AY, Anitas EM, Osipov VA, Kuklin AI. Scattering from surface fractals in terms of composing mass fractals. J Appl Crystallogr 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576717005696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is argued that a finite iteration of any surface fractal can be composed of mass-fractal iterations of the same fractal dimension. Within this assertion, the scattering amplitude of a surface fractal is shown to be a sum of the amplitudes of the composing mass fractals. Various approximations for the scattering intensity of surface fractals are considered. It is shown that small-angle scattering (SAS) from a surface fractal can be explained in terms of a power-law distribution of sizes of objects composing the fractal (internal polydispersity), provided the distance between objects is much larger than their size for each composing mass fractal. The power-law decay of the scattering intensityI(q) ∝ q^{D_{\rm s}-6}, where 2 <Ds< 3 is the surface-fractal dimension of the system, is realized as a non-coherent sum of scattering amplitudes of three-dimensional objects composing the fractal and obeying a power-law distribution dN(r) ∝r−τdr, withDs= τ − 1. The distribution is continuous for random fractals and discrete for deterministic fractals. A model of the surface deterministic fractal is suggested, the surface Cantor-like fractal, which is a sum of three-dimensional Cantor dusts at various iterations, and its scattering properties are studied. The present analysis allows one to extract additional information from SAS intensity for dilute aggregates of single-scaled surface fractals, such as the fractal iteration number and the scaling factor.
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