1
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Camarillo M, Oller-Iscar J, M Conde M, Ramírez J, Sanz E. Effect of substrate mismatch, orientation, and flexibility on heterogeneous ice nucleation. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134505. [PMID: 38557847 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nucleation is the main path to ice formation on Earth. The ice nucleating ability of a certain substrate is mainly determined by both molecular interactions and the structural mismatch between the ice and the substrate lattices. We focus on the latter factor using molecular simulations of the mW model. Quantifying the effect of structural mismatch alone is challenging due to its coupling with molecular interactions. To disentangle both the factors, we use a substrate composed of water molecules in such a way that any variation on the nucleation temperature can be exclusively ascribed to the structural mismatch. We find that a 1% increase in structural mismatch leads to a decrease of ∼4 K in the nucleation temperature. We also analyze the effect of orientation of the substrate with respect to the liquid. The three main ice orientations (basal, primary prism, and secondary prism) have a similar ice nucleating ability. We finally assess the effect of lattice flexibility by comparing substrates where molecules are immobile to others where a certain freedom to fluctuate around the lattice positions is allowed. Interestingly, we find that the latter type of substrate is more efficient in nucleating ice because it can adapt its structure to that of ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camarillo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Oller-Iscar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Conde
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Sanz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Roudsari G, Lbadaoui-Darvas M, Welti A, Nenes A, Laaksonen A. The molecular scale mechanism of deposition ice nucleation on silver iodide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2024; 4:243-251. [PMID: 38371604 PMCID: PMC10867811 DOI: 10.1039/d3ea00140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a ubiquitous process in the natural and built environment. Deposition ice nucleation, i.e. heterogeneous ice nucleation that - according to the traditional view - occurs in a subsaturated water vapor environment and in the absence of supercooled water on the solid, ice-forming surface, is among the most important ice formation processes in high-altitude cirrus and mixed-phase clouds. Despite its importance, very little is known about the mechanism of deposition ice nucleation at the microscopic level. This study puts forward an adsorption-based mechanism for deposition ice nucleation through results from a combination of atomistic simulations, experiments and theoretical modelling. One of the most potent laboratory surrogates of ice nucleating particles, silver iodide, is used as a substrate for the simulations. We find that water initially adsorbs in clusters which merge and grow over time to form layers of supercooled water. Ice nucleation on silver iodide requires at minimum the adsorption of 4 molecular layers of water. Guided by the simulations we propose the following fundamental freezing steps: (1) Water molecules adsorb on the surface, forming nanodroplets. (2) The supercooled water nanodroplets merge into a continuous multilayer when they grow to about 3 molecular layers thick. (3) The layer continues to grow until the critical thickness for freezing is reached. (4) The critical ice cluster continues to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mária Lbadaoui-Darvas
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT) 26504 Patras Greece
| | - André Welti
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FI-00101 Helsinki Finland
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT) 26504 Patras Greece
| | - Ari Laaksonen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FI-00101 Helsinki Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
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3
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Wang R, Mehdi S, Zou Z, Tiwary P. Is the Local Ion Density Sufficient to Drive NaCl Nucleation from the Melt and Aqueous Solution? J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1012-1021. [PMID: 38262436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Even though nucleation is ubiquitous in different science and engineering problems, investigating nucleation is extremely difficult due to the complicated ranges of time and length scales involved. In this work, we simulate NaCl nucleation in both molten and aqueous environments using enhanced sampling of all-atom molecular dynamics with deep-learning-based estimation of reaction coordinates. By incorporating various structural order parameters and learning the reaction coordinate as a function thereof, we achieve significantly improved sampling relative to traditional ad hoc descriptions of what drives nucleation, particularly in an aqueous medium. Our results reveal a one-step nucleation mechanism in both environments, with reaction coordinate analysis highlighting the importance of local ion density in distinguishing solid and liquid states. However, although fluctuations in the local ion density are necessary to drive nucleation, they are not sufficient. Our analysis shows that near the transition states, descriptors such as enthalpy and local structure become crucial. Our protocol proposed here enables robust nucleation analysis and phase sampling and could offer insights into nucleation mechanisms for generic small molecules in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Wang
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shams Mehdi
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ziyue Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Pratyush Tiwary
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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4
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Zhu X, Vandamme M, Jiang Z, Brochard L. Molecular simulation of the confined crystallization of ice in cement nanopore. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154704. [PMID: 37850696 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing of water under nanoconfinement exhibits physical peculiarities with respect to the bulk water. However, experimental observations are extremely challenging at this scale, which limits our understanding of the effect of confinement on water properties upon freezing. In this study, we use molecular dynamic simulations to investigate how confinement affects the kinetics of growth of ice and the thermodynamic equilibrium of ice-liquid coexistence. TIP4P/Ice water model and CSH-FF model were applied to simulate ice crystallization in a confined cement system at temperatures down to 220 K. We adapted an interface detection algorithm and reparameterized the CHILL/CHILL+ algorithm to capture ice growth. The confinement leads to a shift of the maximum growth rate of ice to a higher temperature than for bulk water. Both the confinement and surface impurities contribute to slowing down the ice growth. For the ice-liquid coexistence at equilibrium, we derive a formulation of Thomson's equation adapted to statistical physics quantities accessible by molecular simulation, and we show that this adapted equation predicts accurately the melting line of bulk and confined ice Ih as a function of pressure. The confinement decreases systematically the melting temperature of ice of about 5 K compared with bulk ice Ih. A premelted water film about 1 nm thick is observed between the solid wall and ice, and its thickness is found to decrease continuously as temperature is lowered. We note that the surface impurities are key to the formation of the premelted water nanofilm when the temperature is lower than 250 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Matthieu Vandamme
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Zhengwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Laurent Brochard
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
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5
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Shepherd S, Tribello GA, Wilkins DM. A fully quantum-mechanical treatment for kaolinite. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2892274. [PMID: 37220200 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural network potentials for kaolinite minerals have been fitted to data extracted from density functional theory calculations that were performed using the revPBE + D3 and revPBE + vdW functionals. These potentials have then been used to calculate the static and dynamic properties of the mineral. We show that revPBE + vdW is better at reproducing the static properties. However, revPBE + D3 does a better job of reproducing the experimental IR spectrum. We also consider what happens to these properties when a fully quantum treatment of the nuclei is employed. We find that nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) do not make a substantial difference to the static properties. However, when NQEs are included, the dynamic properties of the material change substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Shepherd
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth A Tribello
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David M Wilkins
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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6
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Yuan T, DeFever RS, Zhou J, Cortes-Morales EC, Sarupria S. RSeeds: Rigid Seeding Method for Studying Heterogeneous Crystal Nucleation. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4112-4125. [PMID: 37130351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nucleation is the dominant form of liquid-to-solid transition in nature. Although molecular simulations are most uniquely suited to studying nucleation, the waiting time to observe even a single nucleation event can easily exceed the current computational capabilities. Therefore, there exists an imminent need for methods that enable computationally fast and feasible studies of heterogeneous nucleation. Seeding is a technique that has proven to be successful at dramatically expanding the range of computationally accessible nucleation rates in simulation studies of homogeneous crystal nucleation. In this article, we introduce a new seeding method for heterogeneous nucleation called Rigid Seeding (RSeeds). Crystalline seeds are treated as pseudorigid bodies and simulated on a surface with metastable liquid above its melting temperature. This allows the seeds to adapt to the surface and identify favorable seed-surface configurations, which is necessary for reliable predictions of crystal polymorphs that form and the corresponding heterogeneous nucleation rates. We demonstrate and validate RSeeds for heterogeneous ice nucleation on a flexible self-assembled monolayer surface, a mineral surface based on kaolinite, and two model surfaces. RSeeds predicts the correct ice polymorph, exposed crystal plane, and rotation on the surface. RSeeds is semiquantitative and can be used to estimate the critical nucleus size and nucleation rate when combined with classical nucleation theory. We demonstrate that RSeeds can be used to evaluate nucleation rates spanning many orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmu Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. M13 9PL
| | - Ryan S DeFever
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jiarun Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | | | - Sapna Sarupria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Ren Y, Bertram AK, Patey GN. Influence of pH on Ice Nucleation by Kaolinite: Experiments and Molecular Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9227-9243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Allan K. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - G. N. Patey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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8
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Abstract
Crystal nucleation is one of the most fundamental processes in the physical sciences and almost always occurs heterogeneously with the aid of a nucleating substrate. No example of nucleation is more ubiquitous and impactful than the formation of ice, vital to fields as diverse as geology, biology, aeronautics, and climate science. However, despite considerable effort, we still cannot predict a priori the efficacy of a nucleating agent. Here we utilize deep learning methods to accurately predict nucleation ability from images of room temperature liquid water-generated from molecular dynamics simulations-on a broad range of substrates. The resulting model, named IcePic, can rapidly and accurately infer nucleation ability, eliminating the requirement for either notoriously expensive simulations or direct experimental measurement. In an online poll, IcePic was found to significantly outperform humans in predicting the ice nucleating efficacy of materials. By analyzing the typical errors made by humans, as well as the application of reverse interpretation methods, physical insights into the role the water contact layer plays in ice nucleation have been obtained. Moving forward, we suggest that IcePic can be used as an easy, cheap, and rapid way to discern the nucleation ability of substrates, also with potential for learning other properties related to interfacial water.
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9
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Sosso GC, Sudera P, Backes AT, Whale TF, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Bonn M, Michaelides A, Backus EHG. The role of structural order in heterogeneous ice nucleation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5014-5026. [PMID: 35655890 PMCID: PMC9067566 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06338c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The freezing of water into ice is a key process that is still not fully understood. It generally requires an impurity of some description to initiate the heterogeneous nucleation of the ice crystals. The molecular structure, as well as the extent of structural order within the impurity in question, both play an essential role in determining its effectiveness. However, disentangling these two contributions is a challenge for both experiments and simulations. In this work, we have systematically investigated the ice-nucleating ability of the very same compound, cholesterol, from the crystalline (and thus ordered) form to disordered self-assembled monolayers. Leveraging a combination of experiments and simulations, we identify a “sweet spot” in terms of the surface coverage of the monolayers, whereby cholesterol maximises its ability to nucleate ice (which remains inferior to that of crystalline cholesterol) by enhancing the structural order of the interfacial water molecules. These findings have practical implications for the rational design of synthetic ice-nucleating agents. The freezing of water into ice is still not fully understood. Here, we investigate the role of structural disorder within the biologically relevant impurities that facilitate this fundamental phase transition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele C Sosso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Prerna Sudera
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Anna T Backes
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Thomas F Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna Währingerstrasse 42 1090 Wien Austria
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10
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Mollahosseini A, Abdelrasoul A. Novel Insights in Hemodialysis: Most Recent Theories on the Membrane Hemocompatibility Improvement. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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11
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Atherton D, Michaelides A, Cox SJ. Can molecular simulations reliably compare homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation? J Chem Phys 2022; 156:164501. [PMID: 35490004 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In principle, the answer to the posed titular question is undoubtedly "yes." But in practice, requisite reference data for homogeneous systems have been obtained with a treatment of intermolecular interactions that is different from that typically employed for heterogeneous systems. In this article, we assess the impact of the choice of truncation scheme when comparing water in homogeneous and inhomogeneous environments. Specifically, we use explicit free energy calculations and a simple mean field analysis to demonstrate that using the "cut-and-shift" version of the Lennard-Jones potential (common to most simple point charge models of water) results in a systematic increase in the melting temperature of ice Ih. In addition, by drawing an analogy between a change in cutoff and a change in pressure, we use existing literature data for homogeneous ice nucleation at negative pressures to suggest that enhancements due to heterogeneous nucleation may have been overestimated by several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Atherton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Cox
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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12
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Whale TF. Disordering effect of the ammonium cation accounts for anomalous enhancement of heterogeneous ice nucleation. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:144503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0084635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nucleation of ice from supercooled water is the process responsible for triggering nearly all ice formation in the natural environment. Understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation is particularly key for understanding the formation of ice in clouds, which impacts weather and climate. While many effective ice nucleators are known the mechanisms of their actions remain poorly understood. Some inorganic nucleators have been found to nucleate ice at warmer temperatures in dilute ammonium solution than in pure water. This is surprising, analogous to salty water melting at a warmer temperature than pure water. Here, the magnitude of this effect is rationalized as being due to thermodynamically favorable ammonium-induced disordering of the hydrogen bond network of ice critical clusters formed on inorganic ice nucleators. Theoretical calculations are shown to be consistent with new experimental measurements aimed at finding the maximum magnitude of the effect. The implication of this study is that the ice-nucleating sites and surfaces of many inorganic ice nucleators are either polar or charged and therefore tend to induce formation of hydrogen ordered ice clusters. This work corroborates various literature reports indicating that some inorganic ice nucleators are most effective when nominally neutral and implies a commonality in mechanism between a wide range of inorganic ice nucleators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
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13
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Miles CM, Hsu PC, Dixon AM, Khalid S, Sosso GC. Lipid bilayers as potential ice nucleating agents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6476-6491. [PMID: 35254357 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular damage is a key issue in the context of cryopreservation. Much of this damage is believed to be caused by extracellular ice formation at temperatures well above the homogeneous freezing point of pure water. Hence the question: what initiates ice nucleation during cryopreservation? In this paper, we assess whether cellular membranes could be responsible for facilitating the ice nucleation process, and what characteristics would make them good or bad ice nucleating agents. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate a number of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharide bilayers at the interface with supercooled liquid water. While these systems certainly appear to act as ice nucleating agents, it is likely that other impurities might also play a role in initiating extracellular ice nucleation. Furthermore, we elucidate the factors which affect a bilayer's ability to act as an ice nucleating agent; these are complex, with specific reference to both chemical and structural factors. These findings represent a first attempt to pinpoint the origin of extracellular ice nucleation, with important implications for the cryopreservation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pin-Chia Hsu
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ann M Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Syma Khalid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Gabriele C Sosso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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14
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Fahy WD, Maters EC, Giese Miranda R, Adams MP, Jahn LG, Sullivan RC, Murray BJ. Volcanic ash ice nucleation activity is variably reduced by aging in water and sulfuric acid: the effects of leaching, dissolution, and precipitation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:85-99. [PMID: 35178522 PMCID: PMC8772422 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Volcanic ash nucleates ice when immersed in supercooled water droplets, giving it the potential to influence weather and climate from local to global scales. This ice nucleation activity (INA) is likely derived from a subset of the crystalline mineral phases in the ash. The INA of other mineral-based dusts can change when exposed to various gaseous and aqueous chemical species, many of which also interact with volcanic ash in the eruption plume and atmosphere. However, the effects of aqueous chemical aging on the INA of volcanic ash have not been explored. We show that the INA of two mineralogically distinct ash samples from Fuego and Astroni volcanoes is variably reduced following immersion in water or aqueous sulfuric acid for minutes to days. Aging in water decreases the INA of both ash samples by up to two orders of magnitude, possibly due to a reduction in surface crystallinity and cation availability accompanying leaching. Aging in sulfuric acid leads to minimal loss of INA for Fuego ash, which is proposed to reflect a quasi-equilibrium between leaching that removes ice-active sites and dissolution that reveals or creates new sites on the pyroxene phases present. Conversely, exposure to sulfuric acid reduces the INA of Astroni ash by one to two orders of magnitude, potentially through selective dissolution of ice-active sites associated with surface microtextures on some K-feldspar phases. Analysis of dissolved element concentrations in the aged ash leachates shows supersaturation of certain mineral species which could have precipitated and altered the INA of the ash. These results highlight the key role that leaching, dissolution, and precipitation likely play in the aqueous aging of volcanic ash with respect to its INA. Finally, we discuss the implications for understanding the nature and reactivity of ice-active sites on volcanic ash and its role in influencing cloud properties in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Fahy
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Elena C Maters
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Rona Giese Miranda
- Faculty of Geosciences, Geoengineering, and Mining, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Michael P Adams
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Leif G Jahn
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Ryan C Sullivan
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Benjamin J Murray
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
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15
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Abstract
Recently, ice with stacking disorder structure, consisting of random sequences of cubic ice (Ic) and hexagonal ice (Ih) layers, was reported to be more stable than pure Ih/Ic. Due to a much lower free energy barrier of heterogeneous nucleation, in practice, the freezing process of water is controlled by heterogeneous nucleation triggered by an external medium. Therefore, we carry out molecular dynamic simulations to explore how ice polymorphism depends on the lattice structure of the crystalline substrates on which the ice is grown, focusing on the primary source of atmospheric aerosols, carbon materials. It turns out that, during the nucleation stage, the polymorph of ice nuclei is strongly affected by graphene substrates. For ice nucleation on graphene, we find Ih is the dominant polymorph. This can be attributed to structural similarities between graphene and basal face of Ih. Our results also suggest that the substrate only affects the polymorph of ice close to the graphene surface, with the preference for Ih diminishing as the ice layer grows.
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16
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Lu H, Xu Q, Wu J, Hong R, Zhang Z. Effect of interfacial dipole on heterogeneous ice nucleation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:375001. [PMID: 34181589 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0f2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of ice nucleation on a rigid surface model of cubic zinc blende structure with different surface dipole strength and orientation. Our results show that, although substrates are excellently lattice-matched to cubic ice, ice nucleation merely occurred as the interfacial water molecules (IWs) show identical or similar orientations to that of water molecules in cubic ice. Free energy landscapes revealed that, as substrates have non-suitable dipole strength/orientation, there exist large free energy barriers for rotating dipole IWs to the right orientation to trigger ice formation. This study stresses that, beyond the traditional view of lattice match and the similarity of lattice length between the substrate and new-formed crystal, the similarity between molecular orientations of interfacial component and component in the specific new-formed crystalline face is also critical for promoting ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanming Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Wu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongdun Hong
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
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17
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Metya AK, Molinero V. Is Ice Nucleation by Organic Crystals Nonclassical? An Assessment of the Monolayer Hypothesis of Ice Nucleation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4607-4624. [PMID: 33729789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Potent ice nucleating organic crystals display an increase in nucleation efficiency with pressure and memory effect after pressurization that set them apart from inorganic nucleants. These characteristics were proposed to arise from an ordered water monolayer at the organic-water interface. It was interpreted that ordering of the monolayer is the limiting step for ice nucleation on organic crystals, rendering their mechanism of nucleation nonclassical. Despite the importance of organics in atmospheric ice nucleation, that explanation has never been investigated. Here we elucidate the structure of interfacial water and its role in ice nucleation at ambient pressure on phloroglucinol dihydrate, the paradigmatic example of outstanding ice nucleating organic crystal, using molecular simulations. The simulations confirm the existence of an interfacial monolayer that orders on cooling and becomes fully ordered upon ice formation. The monolayer does not resemble any ice face but seamlessly connects the distinct hydrogen-bonding orders of ice and the organic surface. Although large ordered patches develop in the monolayer before ice nucleates, we find that the critical step is the formation of the ice crystallite, indicating that the mechanism is classical. We predict that the fully ordered, crystalline monolayer nucleates ice above -2 °C and could be responsible for the exceptional ice nucleation by the organic crystal at high pressures. The lifetime of the fully ordered monolayer around 0 °C, however, is too short to account for the memory effect reported in the experiments. The latter could arise from an increase in the melting temperature of ice confined by strongly ice-binding surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu K Metya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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18
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Abstract
The freezing of water into ice is one of the most important processes in the physical sciences. However, it is still not understood at the molecular level. In particular, the crystallization of cubic ice ([Formula: see text])-rather than the traditional hexagonal polytype ([Formula: see text])-has become an increasingly debated topic. Although evidence for [Formula: see text] is thought to date back almost 400 y, it is only in the last year that pure [Formula: see text] has been made in the laboratory, and these processes involved high-pressure ice phases. Since this demonstrates that pure [Formula: see text] can form, the question naturally arises if [Formula: see text] can be made from liquid water. With this in mind, we have performed a high-throughput computational screening study involving molecular dynamics simulations of nucleation on over 1,100 model substrates. From these simulations, we find that 1) many different substrates can promote the formation of pristine [Formula: see text]; 2) [Formula: see text] can be selectively nucleated for even the mildest supercooling; 3) the water contact layer's resemblance to a face of ice is the key factor determining the polytype selectivity and nucleation temperature, independent of which polytype is promoted; and 4) substrate lattice match to ice is not indicative of the polytype obtained. Through this study, we have deepened understanding of the interplay of heterogeneous nucleation and ice I polytypism and suggest routes to [Formula: see text] More broadly, the substrate design methodology presented here combined with the insight gained can be used to understand and control polymorphism and stacking disorder in materials in general.
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19
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Naullage PM, Metya AK, Molinero V. Computationally efficient approach for the identification of ice-binding surfaces and how they bind ice. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:174106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0021631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra M. Naullage
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Atanu K. Metya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
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20
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Sayer T, Cox SJ. Macroscopic surface charges from microscopic simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164709. [PMID: 33138409 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Attaining accurate average structural properties in a molecular simulation should be considered a prerequisite if one aims to elicit meaningful insights into a system's behavior. For charged surfaces in contact with an electrolyte solution, an obvious example is the density profile of ions along the direction normal to the surface. Here, we demonstrate that, in the slab geometry typically used in simulations, imposing an electric displacement field D determines the integrated surface charge density of adsorbed ions at charged interfaces. This allows us to obtain macroscopic surface charge densities irrespective of the slab thickness used in our simulations. We also show that the commonly used Yeh-Berkowitz method and the "mirrored slab" geometry both impose vanishing integrated surface charge densities. We present results both for relatively simple rocksalt (1 1 1) interfaces and the more complex case of kaolinite's basal faces in contact with an aqueous electrolyte solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sayer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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21
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Predicting heterogeneous ice nucleation with a data-driven approach. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4777. [PMID: 32963232 PMCID: PMC7509812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Water in nature predominantly freezes with the help of foreign materials through a process known as heterogeneous ice nucleation. Although this effect was exploited more than seven decades ago in Vonnegut's pioneering cloud seeding experiments, it remains unclear what makes a material a good ice former. Here, we show through a machine learning analysis of nucleation simulations on a database of diverse model substrates that a set of physical descriptors for heterogeneous ice nucleation can be identified. Our results reveal that, beyond Vonnegut's connection with the lattice match to ice, three new microscopic factors help to predict the ice nucleating ability. These are: local ordering induced in liquid water, density reduction of liquid water near the surface and corrugation of the adsorption energy landscape felt by water. With this we take a step towards quantitative understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation and the in silico design of materials to control ice formation.
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22
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Ren Y, Bertram AK, Patey GN. Effects of Inorganic Ions on Ice Nucleation by the Al Surface of Kaolinite Immersed in Water. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4605-4618. [PMID: 32392065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to investigate the influence of inorganic salts on ice nucleation by the Al surface of kaolinite, terminated with hydroxyl groups. Seven salt solutions (LiI(Cl), NaI(Cl), KI(Cl), and NH4I) are considered. Simulations were performed at 300 K to obtain equilibrium surface-ion and surface-water density profiles. These simulations show no specific ion adsorption at the kaolinite surface. There are weak surface-ion correlations, with cations preferring to be closer to the surface than the anions. At a supercooling of 26 K (taking account of freezing point depression), 1 M salt solutions slowed ice nucleation by a factor of 2-3 compared with pure water and significantly reduced the rate of ice growth after nucleation. All salt solutions had similar influences on ice nucleation, and no specific ion effects were identified. Ice nucleation simulations for 1 M NaI(Cl), KI(Cl), and LiI solutions were performed for a range of temperatures. In all cases, the supercooling required for ice nucleation was larger by ∼1-6 K, after accounting for freezing point depression, than that required for pure water. For 1 M LiI solution an earlier laboratory study using kaolin as ice nucleating particles (INP) reported that the supercooling required for ice nucleation was ∼11 K smaller than that required for pure water. Our simulation results are not consistent with this finding. In this paper, we report new laboratory results for 1 M LiI solution employing kaolinite as INP. In our experiments ice nucleation in the LiI solution required the same supercooling as pure water, which is more consistent with our simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - G N Patey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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23
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Ansari N, Onat B, Sosso GC, Hassanali A. Insights into the Emerging Networks of Voids in Simulated Supercooled Water. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2180-2190. [PMID: 32032486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural evolution of supercooled liquid water as we approach the glass transition temperature continues to be an active area of research. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations of TIP4P/ice water to study the changes in the connected regions of empty space within the liquid, which we investigate using the Voronoi-voids network. We observe two important features: supercooling enhances the fraction of nonspherical voids and different sizes of voids tend to cluster forming a percolating network. By examining order parameters such as the local structure index (LSI), tetrahedrality and topological defects, we show that water molecules near large void clusters tend to be slightly more tetrahedral than those near small voids, with a lower population of under- and overcoordinated defects. We show further that the distribution of closed rings of water molecules around small and large void clusters maintain a balance between 6 and 7 membered rings. Our results highlight the changes of the dual voids and water network as a structural hallmark of supercooling and provide insights into the molecular origins of cooperative effects underlying density fluctuations on the subnanometer and nanometer length scale. In addition, the percolation of the voids and the hydrogen bond network around the voids may serve as useful order parameters to investigate density fluctuations in supercooled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Ansari
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Berk Onat
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele C Sosso
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Hassanali
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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24
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Rosales-Pelaez P, Sanchez-Burgos I, Valeriani C, Vega C, Sanz E. Seeding approach to nucleation in the NVT ensemble: The case of bubble cavitation in overstretched Lennard Jones fluids. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:022611. [PMID: 32168559 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.022611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Simulations are widely used to study nucleation in first order phase transitions due to the fact that they have access to the relevant length and time scales. However, simulations face the problem that nucleation is an activated process. Therefore, rare event simulation techniques are needed to promote the formation of the critical nucleus. The Seeding method, where the simulations are started with the nucleus already formed, has proven quite useful in efficiently providing estimates of the nucleation rate for a wide range of orders of magnitude. So far, Seeding has been employed in the NPT ensemble, where the nucleus either grows or redissolves. Thus, several trajectories have to be run in order to find the thermodynamic conditions that make the seeded nucleus critical. Moreover, the nucleus lifetime is short and the statistics for obtaining its properties is consequently poor. To deal with these shortcomings we extend the Seeding method to the NVT ensemble. We focus on the problem of bubble nucleation in a metastable Lennard Jones fluid. We show that, in the NVT ensemble, it is possible to equilibrate and stabilise critical bubbles for a long time. The nucleation rate inferred from NVT-Seeding is fully consistent with that coming from NPT-Seeding. The former is quite suitable to obtain the nucleation rate along isotherms, whereas the latter is preferable if the dependence of the rate with temperature at constant pressure is required. Care should be taken with finite size effects when using NVT-Seeding. Further work is required to extend NVT seeding to other sorts of phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rosales-Pelaez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Sanchez-Burgos
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Valeriani
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Termica y Electronica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Vega
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Sanz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Leoni F, Shi R, Tanaka H, Russo J. Crystalline clusters in mW water: Stability, growth, and grain boundaries. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Leoni
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - John Russo
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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26
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Wu S, He Z, Zang J, Jin S, Wang Z, Wang J, Yao Y, Wang J. Heterogeneous ice nucleation correlates with bulk-like interfacial water. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaat9825. [PMID: 30993196 PMCID: PMC6461451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a direct correlation between interfacial water and heterogeneous ice nucleation (HIN) is essential for understanding the mechanism of ice nucleation. Here, we study the HIN efficiency on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfaces with different densities of hydroxyl groups. We find that the HIN efficiency increases with the decreasing hydroxyl group density. By explicitly considering that interfacial water molecules of PVA films consist of "tightly bound water," "bound water," and "bulk-like water," we reveal that bulk-like water can be correlated directly to the HIN efficiency of surfaces. As the density of hydroxyl groups decreases, bulk-like water molecules can rearrange themselves with a reduced energy barrier into ice due to the diminishing constraint by the hydroxyl groups on the PVA surface. Our study not only provides a new strategy for experimentally controlling the HIN efficiency but also gives another perspective in understanding the mechanism of ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwang Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinger Zang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shenglin Jin
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zuowei Wang
- School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yefeng Yao
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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27
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Chong E, King M, Marak KE, Freedman MA. The Effect of Crystallinity and Crystal Structure on the Immersion Freezing of Alumina. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2447-2456. [PMID: 30821971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Determining the factors that constitute an efficient ice nucleus is an ongoing area of research in the atmospheric community. In particular, surface characteristics such as functional groups and surface defects impact the ice nucleation efficiency. Crystal structure has been proposed to be a possible factor that can dictate ice nucleation activity through the templating of water molecules on the surface of the aerosol particle. If the crystal structure of the surface matches that of the crystal structure of ice, it has been shown to increase ice nucleation activity. In this study, alumina was chosen as a model system because crystal structure and crystallinity can be tuned, and the effect on immersion freezing was explored. The nine alumina samples include polymorphs of AlOOH, Al(OH)3, and Al2O3, which have a range of crystal structures and crystallinities. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. From the immersion freezing experiments, corundum [α-Al2O3] was shown to have the highest ice nucleation activity likely because of its high lattice match and high degree of crystallinity. Crystal structure alone did not show a strong correlation with ice nucleation activity, but a combination of a hexagonal crystal structure and a highly crystalline surface was seen to nucleate ice at warmer temperatures than the other alumina samples. This study provides experimental results in the study of ice nucleation of a range of alumina samples, which have possible implications for alumina-based mineral dust particles. Our findings suggest that crystallinity and crystal structure are important to consider when evaluating the ice nucleation efficiency of aerosol particles in laboratory and modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Chong
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Megan King
- Department of Geology , State University of New York at New Paltz , New Paltz , New York 12561 , United States
| | - Katherine E Marak
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Miriam Arak Freedman
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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28
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Sayer T, Cox SJ. Stabilization of AgI's polar surfaces by the aqueous environment, and its implications for ice formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14546-14555. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AgI is a potent inorganic ice nucleating particle, a feature often attributed to the lattice match between its {0001} surfaces and ice. Dissolved ions are found to be essential to the stability of these polar surfaces, and crucial to ice formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sayer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Stephen J. Cox
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
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29
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Hall KW, Zhang Z, Burnham CJ, Guo GJ, Carpendale S, English NJ, Kusalik PG. Does Local Structure Bias How a Crystal Nucleus Evolves? J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6991-6998. [PMID: 30484659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The broad scientific and technological importance of crystallization has led to significant research probing and rationalizing crystal nucleation processes. Previous work has generally neglected the possibility of the molecular-level dynamics of individual crystal nuclei coupling to local structures. However, recent experimental work has conjectured that this can occur. Therefore, to address a deficiency in scientific understanding of crystallization, we have probed the nucleation of prototypical single and multicomponent crystals (specifically, ice and mixed gas hydrates). We establish that local structures can bias the evolution of nascent crystal phases on a nanosecond time scale by, for example, promoting the appearance or disappearance of specific crystal motifs and thus reveal a new facet of crystallization behavior. Moreover, we demonstrate structural biases are likely present during crystallization processes beyond ice and gas hydrate formation. Structurally biased dynamics are a lens for understanding existing computational and experimental results while pointing to future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Wm Hall
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
- Department of Computer Science , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - Zhengcai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Christian J Burnham
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Guang-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- College of Earth Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Sheelagh Carpendale
- Department of Computer Science , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - Niall J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Peter G Kusalik
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
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30
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Sosso GC, Whale TF, Holden MA, Pedevilla P, Murray BJ, Michaelides A. Unravelling the origins of ice nucleation on organic crystals. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8077-8088. [PMID: 30542556 PMCID: PMC6238755 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02753f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic molecules such as steroids or amino acids form crystals that can facilitate the formation of ice - arguably the most important phase transition on earth. However, the origin of the ice nucleating ability of organic crystals is still largely unknown. Here, we combine experiments and simulations to unravel the microscopic details of ice formation on cholesterol, a prototypical organic crystal widely used in cryopreservation. We find that cholesterol - which is also a substantial component of cell membranes - is an ice nucleating agent more potent than many inorganic substrates, including the mineral feldspar (one of the most active ice nucleating materials in the atmosphere). Scanning electron microscopy measurements reveal a variety of morphological features on the surfaces of cholesterol crystals: this suggests that the topography of the surface is key to the broad range of ice nucleating activity observed (from -4 to -20 °C). In addition, we show via molecular simulations that cholesterol crystals aid the formation of ice nuclei in a unconventional fashion. Rather than providing a template for a flat ice-like contact layer (as found in the case of many inorganic substrates), the flexibility of the cholesterol surface and its low density of hydrophilic functional groups leads to the formation of molecular cages involving both water molecules and terminal hydroxyl groups of the cholesterol surface. These cages are made of 6- and, surprisingly, 5-membered hydrogen bonded rings of water and hydroxyl groups that favour the nucleation of hexagonal as well as cubic ice (a rare occurrence). We argue that the phenomenal ice nucleating activity of steroids such as cholesterol (and potentially of many other organic crystals) is due to (i) the ability of flexible hydrophilic surfaces to form unconventional ice-templating structures and (ii) the different nucleation sites offered by the diverse topography of the crystalline surfaces. These findings clarify how exactly organic crystals promote the formation of ice, thus paving the way toward deeper understanding of ice formation in soft and biological matter - with obvious reverberations on atmospheric science and cryobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele C Sosso
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Thomas F Whale
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
- Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Philipp Pedevilla
- Thomas Young Centre , London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK
| | - Benjamin J Murray
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre , London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK
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31
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Pedevilla P, Fitzner M, Sosso GC, Michaelides A. Heterogeneous seeded molecular dynamics as a tool to probe the ice nucleating ability of crystalline surfaces. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:072327. [PMID: 30134662 DOI: 10.1063/1.5029336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice nucleation plays a significant role in a large number of natural and technological processes, but it is challenging to investigate experimentally because of the small time scales (ns) and short length scales (nm) involved. On the other hand, conventional molecular simulations struggle to cope with the relatively long time scale required for critical ice nuclei to form. One way to tackle this issue is to take advantage of free energy or path sampling techniques. Unfortunately, these are computationally costly. Seeded molecular dynamics is a much less demanding alternative that has been successfully applied already to study the homogeneous freezing of water. However, in the case of heterogeneous ice nucleation, nature's favourite route to form ice, an array of suitable interfaces between the ice seeds and the substrate of interest has to be built, and this is no trivial task. In this paper, we present a Heterogeneous SEEDing (HSEED) approach which harnesses a random structure search framework to tackle the ice-substrate challenge, thus enabling seeded molecular dynamics simulations of heterogeneous ice nucleation on crystalline surfaces. We validate the HSEED framework by investigating the nucleation of ice on (i) model crystalline surfaces, using the coarse-grained mW model, and (ii) cholesterol crystals, employing the fully atomistic TIP4P/ice water model. We show that the HSEED technique yields results in excellent agreement with both metadynamics and forward flux sampling simulations. Because of its computational efficiency, the HSEED method allows one to rapidly assess the ice nucleation ability of whole libraries of crystalline substrates-a long-awaited computational development in, e.g., atmospheric science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Pedevilla
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Fitzner
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele C Sosso
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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32
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Shevkunov SV. Water Structure in the Contact Layer on the Surface of Crystalline Silver Iodine. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Shevkunov SV. The Effect of Temperature on Nucleation of Condensed Water Phase on the Surface of a β-AgI Crystal. 1. Structure. COLLOID JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x18020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Glatz B, Sarupria S. Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation: Interplay of Surface Properties and Their Impact on Water Orientations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1190-1198. [PMID: 29020452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ice is ubiquitous in nature, and heterogeneous ice nucleation is the most common pathway of ice formation. How surface properties affect the propensity to observe ice nucleation on that surface remains an open question. We present results of molecular dynamics studies of heterogeneous ice nucleation on model surfaces. The models surfaces considered emulate the chemistry of kaolinite, an abundant component of mineral dust. We investigate the interplay of surface lattice and hydrogen bonding properties in affecting ice nucleation. We find that lattice matching and hydrogen bonding are necessary but not sufficient conditions for observing ice nucleation at these surfaces. We correlate this behavior to the orientations sampled by the metastable supercooled water in contact with the surfaces. We find that ice is observed in cases where water molecules not only sample orientations favorable for bilayer formation but also do not sample unfavorable orientations. This distribution depends on both surface-water and water-water interactions and can change with subtle modifications to the surface properties. Our results provide insights into the diverse behavior of ice nucleation observed at different surfaces and highlight the complexity in elucidating heterogeneous ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Glatz
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Sapna Sarupria
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Zubeltzu J, Artacho E. Simulations of water nano-confined between corrugated planes. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:194509. [PMID: 29166107 DOI: 10.1063/1.5011468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Water confined to nanoscale widths in two dimensions between ideal planar walls has been the subject of ample study, aiming at understanding the intrinsic response of water to confinement, avoiding the consideration of the chemistry of actual confining materials. In this work, we study the response of such nanoconfined water to the imposition of a periodicity in the confinement by means of computer simulations, both using empirical potentials and from first-principles. For that we propose a periodic confining potential emulating the atomistic oscillation of the confining walls, which allows varying the lattice parameter and amplitude of the oscillation. We do it for a triangular lattice, with several values of the lattice parameter: one which is ideal for commensuration with layers of Ih ice and other values that would correspond to more realistic substrates. For the former, the phase diagram shows an overall rise of the melting temperature. The liquid maintains a bi-layer triangular structure, however, despite the fact that it is not favoured by the external periodicity. The first-principles liquid is significantly affected by the modulation in its layering and stacking even at relatively small amplitudes of the confinement modulation. Beyond some critical modulation amplitude, the hexatic phase present in flat confinement is replaced by a trilayer crystalline phase unlike any of the phases encountered for flat confinement. For more realistic lattice parameters, the liquid does not display higher tendency to freeze, but it clearly shows inhomogeneous behaviour as the strength of the rugosity increases. In spite of this expected inhomogeneity, the structural and dynamical response of the liquid is surprisingly insensitive to the external modulation. Although the first-principles calculations give a more triangular liquid than the one observed with empirical potentials (TIP4P/2005), both agree remarkably well for the main conclusions of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Zubeltzu
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Fitzner M, Joly L, Ma M, Sosso GC, Zen A, Michaelides A. Communication: Truncated non-bonded potentials can yield unphysical behavior in molecular dynamics simulations of interfaces. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:121102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fitzner
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Joly
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne,
France
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gabriele C. Sosso
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL,
United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Zen
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Zhang Z, Guo GJ. The effects of ice on methane hydrate nucleation: a microcanonical molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19496-19505. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NVE simulations realize the ice shrinking when methane hydrate nucleates both heterogeneously and homogeneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Guang-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100029
- China
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