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Xie X, Diao Z, Cahill DG. Microscale, bendable thermoreflectance sensor for local measurements of the thermal effusivity of biological fluids and tissues. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:044903. [PMID: 32357710 DOI: 10.1063/1.5141376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the thermal transport properties of biological fluids and tissues are important for biomedical applications such as thermal diagnostics and thermal therapeutics. Here, we describe a microscale thermoreflectance sensor to measure the thermal effusivity of fluids and biological samples in a minimally invasive manner. The sensor is based on ultrafast optical pump-probe techniques and employs a metal-coated optical fiber as both a photonic waveguide and a local probe. Calibration of the sensor with five liquids shows that the percentage deviation between experimentally measured effusivity and literature values is on average <3%. We further demonstrate the capability of the sensor by measuring the thermal effusivity of vegetable oil, butter, pork liver, and quail egg white and yolk. We relate the thermal effusivity of the samples to their composition and water content, and establish our technique as a powerful and flexible method for studying the local thermal transport properties of biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xie
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Zhu Diao
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - David G Cahill
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Shin J, Sung J, Kang M, Xie X, Lee B, Lee KM, White TJ, Leal C, Sottos NR, Braun PV, Cahill DG. Light-triggered thermal conductivity switching in azobenzene polymers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5973-5978. [PMID: 30850519 PMCID: PMC6442584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials that can be switched between low and high thermal conductivity states would advance the control and conversion of thermal energy. Employing in situ time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, we report a reversible, light-responsive azobenzene polymer that switches between high (0.35 W m-1 K-1) and low thermal conductivity (0.10 W m-1 K-1) states. This threefold change in the thermal conductivity is achieved by modulation of chain alignment resulted from the conformational transition between planar (trans) and nonplanar (cis) azobenzene groups under UV and green light illumination. This conformational transition leads to changes in the π-π stacking geometry and drives the crystal-to-liquid transition, which is fully reversible and occurs on a time scale of tens of seconds at room temperature. This result demonstrates an effective control of the thermophysical properties of polymers by modulating interchain π-π networks by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jaeuk Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Minjee Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Xu Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433
| | - Timothy J White
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433
| | - Cecilia Leal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - David G Cahill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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