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Liu CY, Girish N, Gomez ML, Dubé PE, Washington MK, Simons BD, Polk DB. Transitional Anal Cells Mediate Colonic Re-epithelialization in Colitis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1975-1989. [PMID: 35227778 PMCID: PMC9402284 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epithelial wound healing is compromised and represents an unleveraged therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal epithelial cells exhibit plasticity that facilitates dedifferentiation and repair during the response to injury. However, it is not known whether epithelial cells of a neighboring organ can be activated to mediate re-epithelialization in acute colitis. Histological findings of a permanent squamous tissue structure in the distal colon in human IBD could suggest diverse cellular origins of repair-associated epithelium. Here, we tested whether skin-like cells from the anus mediate colonic re-epithelialization in murine colitis. METHODS We studied dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and interleukin 10-deficient colitis in transgenic mice. We performed lineage tracing, 3-dimensional (3D) imaging, single-cell transcriptomics, and biophysical modeling to map squamous cell fates and to identify squamous cell types involved in colonic repair. RESULTS In acute and chronic colitis, we found a large squamous epithelium, called squamous neo-epithelium of the colon (SNEC), near the anorectal junction. Neighboring squamous cells of the anus rapidly migrate into the ulcerated colon and establish this permanent epithelium of crypt-like morphology. These squamous cells derive from a small unique transition zone, distal to the border of colonic and anal epithelium, that resists colitic injury. The cells of this zone have a pre-loaded program of colonic differentiation and further upregulate key aspects of colonic epithelium during repair. CONCLUSION Transitional anal cells represent unique reserve cells capable of rebuilding epithelial structures in the colon after colitis. Further study of these cells could reveal novel approaches to direct mucosal healing in inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cambrian Y Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nandini Girish
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Marie L Gomez
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Philip E Dubé
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Squamous Cell Metaplasia in the Rectum After Endoscopic Treatment of Nonpolypoid Rectal Adenoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116:840-841. [PMID: 33982965 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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