1
|
Congenital absence of lingual frenum in a non-syndromic patient: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:56. [PMID: 30851733 PMCID: PMC6409156 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lingual frenum is a fold of mucous membrane connecting the ventral tongue to the floor of the mouth. In general, lingual frenum serves multiple roles; its main function is to support the tongue and aid in limiting its movement in different directions. Any anatomical or functional deficiency of lingual frenum may have an impact on tongue functions based on its severity. Historically, the absence of lingual frenum was linked to multiple genetic and developmental conditions such as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, non-syndromic ankyloglossia diseases, and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes and was never reported in otherwise healthy individuals. Case presentation We report the absence of lingual frenum in an otherwise healthy 21-year-old Middle Eastern woman diagnosed during a routine dental examination. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in the literature with similar clinical presentation. Even without a significant impact on tongue movement or speech, it is important for health practitioners to be aware of such conditions and evaluation steps for diagnosis and management.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a common condition in neonates that is characterized by an acquired narrowing of the pylorus. The aetiology of isolated IHPS is still largely unknown. Classic genetic studies have demonstrated an increased risk in families of affected infants. Several genetic studies in groups of individuals with isolated IHPS have identified chromosomal regions linked to the condition; however, these associations could usually not be confirmed in subsequent cohorts, suggesting considerable genetic heterogeneity. IHPS is associated with many clinical syndromes that have known causative mutations. Patients with syndromes associated with IHPS can be considered as having an extreme phenotype of IHPS and studying these patients will be instrumental in finding causes of isolated IHPS. Possible pathways in syndromic IHPS include: (neuro)muscular disorders; connective tissue disorders; metabolic disorders; intracellular signalling pathway disturbances; intercellular communication disturbances; ciliopathies; DNA-repair disturbances; transcription regulation disorders; MAPK-pathway disturbances; lymphatic abnormalities; and environmental factors. Future research should focus on linkage analysis and next-generation molecular techniques in well-defined families with multiple affected members. Studies will have an increased chance of success if detailed phenotyping is applied and if knowledge about the various possible causative pathways is used in evaluating results.
Collapse
|
3
|
Verzi MP, Stanfel MN, Moses KA, Kim BM, Zhang Y, Schwartz RJ, Shivdasani RA, Zimmer WE. Role of the homeodomain transcription factor Bapx1 in mouse distal stomach development. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:1701-10. [PMID: 19208343 PMCID: PMC2955323 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Expansion and patterning of the endoderm generate a highly ordered, multiorgan digestive system in vertebrate animals. Among distal foregut derivatives, the gastric corpus, antrum, pylorus, and duodenum are distinct structures with sharp boundaries. Some homeodomain transcription factors expressed in gut mesenchyme convey positional information required for anterior-posterior patterning of the digestive tract. Barx1, in particular, controls stomach differentiation and morphogenesis. The Nirenberg and Kim homeobox gene Bapx1 (Nkx3-2) has an established role in skeletal development, but its function in the mammalian gut is less clear. METHODS We generated a Bapx1(Cre) knock-in allele to fate map Bapx1-expressing cells and evaluate its function in gastrointestinal development. RESULTS Bapx1-expressing cells populate the gut mesenchyme with a rostral boundary in the hindstomach near the junction of the gastric corpus and antrum. Smooth muscle differentiation and distribution of early regional markers are ostensibly normal in Bapx1(Cre/Cre) gut, but there are distinctive morphologic abnormalities near this rostral Bapx1 domain: the antral segment of the stomach is markedly shortened, and the pyloric constriction is lost. Comparison of expression domains and examination of stomach phenotypes in single and compound Barx1 and Bapx1 mutant mice suggests a hierarchy between these 2 factors; Bapx1 expression is lost in the absence of Barx1. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the nonredundant requirement for Bapx1 in distal stomach development, places it within a Barx1-dependent pathway, and illustrates the pervasive influence of gut mesenchyme homeobox genes on endoderm differentiation and digestive organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monique N. Stanfel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kelvin A. Moses
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Byeong-Moo Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, College Station, TX
| | - Robert J. Schwartz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, Center for Environmental and Rural Health, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, College Station, TX, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ramesh A. Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to: Warren E. Zimmer, Ph.D., Texas A&M Health Science Center, 310B Joe H. Reynold’s Bldg, College Station, TX 77843, Tel. 617-632-5746 Fax 617-582-8490, OR Ramesh A. Shivdasani, M.D., Ph.D., Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115 Tel. 979-845-2896 Fax 979-862-4638,
| | - Warren E. Zimmer
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, College Station, TX, Center for Environmental and Rural Health, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, College Station, TX,Address correspondence to: Warren E. Zimmer, Ph.D., Texas A&M Health Science Center, 310B Joe H. Reynold’s Bldg, College Station, TX 77843, Tel. 617-632-5746 Fax 617-582-8490, OR Ramesh A. Shivdasani, M.D., Ph.D., Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115 Tel. 979-845-2896 Fax 979-862-4638,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
[Absence of inferior labial or lingual frenula in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a new diagnostic criterion?]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2008; 134:859-62. [PMID: 18033068 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(07)92832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ehlers-Danlos syndrome comprises a rare and heterogeneous group of diseases affecting the skin, joints and vessels. Diagnosis is based on clinical score since molecular testing is not routinely available. High sensitivity and specificity concerning the absence of inferior labial and lingual frenula has been reported in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, but the diagnostic value of this finding has been contested. PATIENTS AND METHODS We here report the cases of 2 female patients, one with a vascular form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome complicated by spontaneous dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries, and the other with classic type; in both women, inferior labial and lingual frenula were absent. DISCUSSION We discuss the discrepancies between the 3 published studies dealing with abnormalities of the inferior labial and lingual frenula in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. We suggest routine oral examination in patients with suspected Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The diagnostic value of absence of oral frenula in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome requires confirmation by a prospective study.
Collapse
|
5
|
DeFelice C, Tassi R, De Capua B, Jaubert F, Gentile M, Quartulli L, Tonni G, Costantini D, Strambi M, Latini G. A new phenotypical variant of intrauterine growth restriction? Pediatrics 2007; 119:e983-90. [PMID: 17371934 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A link between intrauterine growth restriction and major adult-onset diseases has been reported. In this study we observed a series of hitherto-unrecognized clinical features in a population of children with intrauterine growth restriction. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 77 Italian children (aged 9.45 +/- 2.08 years) with antenatally diagnosed intrauterine growth restriction and small-for-gestational-age birth, along with their parents, were examined. The children with intrauterine growth restriction and were small for gestational age were subdivided into 2 groups ("variant" versus control subjects) according to evidence of auricle morphology deviation from normal. The following variables were determined: (1) external ear auricle geometry; (2) function of the posterior communicating arteries of the circle of Willis, as assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography; (3) articular mobility, as assessed by Beighton's 9-point scale; (4) skin softness; and (5) distortion product-evoked otoacoustic emissions. RESULTS Intrauterine growth restriction-variant children (n = 27) showed a significant female predominance, a lower proportion of maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia, and a higher head circumference as compared with intrauterine growth restriction control subjects. Mothers of small-for-gestational-age-variant children showed significantly different auricular geometry parameters as compared with the intrauterine growth restriction controls mothers. An excess of bilaterally nonfunctioning posterior communicating arteries was observed both in the children with the intrauterine growth restriction-variant phenotype and their mothers as compared with the control groups. Significantly increased proportions of joint hypermobility and skin softness were observed in the intrauterine growth restriction-variant children as compared with controls subjects. Children with the intrauterine growth restriction-variant phenotype and their mothers showed bilateral distortion product-evoked otoacoustic emissions notches versus none in the control subjects, with an associated reduction of the area under the curve in both the intrauterine growth restriction-variant children and their mothers. No significant differences between the variant and control groups regarding the fathers were observed. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the observed phenotypical constellation may represent an unrecognized variant of intrauterine growth restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio DeFelice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Neonatology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese Le Scotte Hospital, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Badauy CM, Gomes SS, Sant'Ana Filho M, Chies JAB. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV: review of the literature. Clin Oral Investig 2007; 11:183-7. [PMID: 17221206 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-006-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous group of connective tissue heritable disorders. EDS type IV is a rare form that presents typical clinical signs, such as easy bruising and haematomas at sites of trauma, skin manifestations (translucent skin with visible veins), and joint hyperlaxity. To illustrate the dermatological features and describe an aggressive periodontitis, a symptom not yet reported in this EDS type, we present a case of a 23-year-old young man. This patient has been suffering from bruised skin, haematomas, and varicose veins in his legs. These lesions, typical of EDS type IV, were associated with trauma followed by slow and difficult cicatrization. Teeth loss and clinical attachment loss in all the remaining teeth, a symptom compatible with a severe destruction of the periodontal support, was reported after orthodontic treatment. The treatment is limited to control the disease and teeth loss. Considering this new clinical symptom associated with EDS type IV, we suggest that the use of orthodontic apparatus should be carefully considered in such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Macabu Badauy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
It is well recognized that many if not most children and adolescents attending paediatric rheumatology clinics will have a non-inflammatory origin for their complaints or disorder. Mechanical causes are frequently identified, and hypermobility or ligamentous laxity of joints is increasingly recognized as an aetiological factor in the presentation. Such conditions include 'growing pains', recurrent lower-limb arthralgia, anterior knee pain syndromes, and back pain. Studies of significant cohorts of such patients have now been published supporting the link of ligamentous laxity to particular symptom complexes. However, much disagreement remains as to the validity of hypermobility as an aetiogical factor. What seems clear is that not all hypermobile individuals will be symptomatic or indeed possibly have any risk for specific musculoskeletal disorders in later life. Screening tools such as the Beighton score are likely to be inadequate in many paediatric populations. Along with increasing recognition of these disorders in childhood and adolescence has been the development of a multidisciplinary management approach, which usually involves predominantly allied health professionals such as podiatrists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. The challenge remains to interpret symptoms correctly as being related to the hypermobility and to predict why such children become symptomatic. The answer is likely to involve physiological and psychosocial factors. In addition, early identification and modification of risk factors may have major implications for subsequent prevalence of many adult medical disorders such as low back pain, chronic pain syndromes and degenerative osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Murray
- Princess Margaret Hospital, G.P.O. Box D184, Perth 6840, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Pyloric stenosis is a common paediatric surgical condition with a well-recognised pattern of clinical features. Diagnosis is usually straightforward and a Ramstedt pyloromyotomy is curative. We present three patients who developed pyloric stenosis incidentally during the management of other primary surgical conditions. Issues of diagnostic difficulty following presentation of pyloric stenosis in the post-operative period (all three patients), its rare syndromic associations (one patient) and its management in this unusual situation are discussed. An awareness of the unusual presentations of pyloric stenosis during treatment for other primary surgical conditions can help in earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G V S Murthi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, LE1 5WW, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
De Felice C, Bianciardi G, Parrini S, Laurini RN, Latini G. Congenital Oral Mucosal Abnormalities in True Umbilical Cord Knots. Neonatology 2004; 86:34-8. [PMID: 15026617 DOI: 10.1159/000077333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis and clinical significance of true umbilical cord knots remain controversial. Here, we tested the hypothesis of the presence of congenital oral mucosal changes in newborns with true umbilical cord knots. STUDY DESIGN Seven consecutive infants with true umbilical cord knots and 50 gestational age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. The proportion of oral frenulum abnormalities and the two-dimensional vascular network geometry [fractal dimension, D, at two scales: D(1-46), and D(1-15), with the relative Lempel-Ziv complexity, (L-Z)], were analyzed. RESULTS Infants with true umbilical cord knots showed significantly higher proportions of mandibular frenulum agenesis compared to controls (p = 0.000006). The oral vascular networks of these infants exhibited a significantly higher D(1-46) and D(1-15) (p < 0.0001, respectively), and higher L-Z values (p < 0.0001) than control networks. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the presence of significant congenital oral mucosal changes in newborn infants with true umbilical cord knots, thus suggesting a previously unrecognized association between true umbilical cord knots and a subclinical extracellular matrix disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Felice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parrini S, Di Maggio G, Latini G, Bianciardi G, Valdambrini L, De Felice C. Abnormal oral mucosal light reflectance in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004; 39:53-5. [PMID: 15187781 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200407000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the most common condition requiring surgical intervention during the first weeks of life. The etiology of IHPS is unknown, although both neuronal nitric oxide synthase upregulation and an extracellular matrix abnormality are suspected. Familial predisposition is an important feature. Phenotypical markers of IHPS, such as hypoplasia or agenesis of the inferior labial frenulum, have been described. The authors tested the hypothesis that IHPS is associated with abnormal reflectance of the oral mucosa. METHODS Twenty-five children with surgically confirmed IHPS and 25 gender- and age-matched control subjects participated in the study. Reflectance of the lower gingival and vestibular oral mucosa in the optical spectrum was measured using an imaging spectrophotometer. RESULTS Patients with IHPS had significantly higher light reflectance values in the violet, blue, blue-green, green, yellow, and orange sections of the spectrum (all P values < 0.0001), with a maximum distance between group means at the 450-nm wavelength (t-value: 27.66, df = 48). A reflectance cutoff >5.26% at the 450-nm wavelength identified patients with IHPS with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a previously unrecognized mucosal reflectance abnormality of the oral mucosa in IHPS, thus offering a new, accurate, and noninvasive phenotypic marker for the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Parrini
- Department of Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Parrini S, Bellosi A, Barducci A, Bianciardi G, Latini G, De Felice C. Abnormal oral mucosal light reflectance: A new clinical sign of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 97:335-8. [PMID: 15024357 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a major inherited connective tissue disorder leading to an impaired extracellular matrix structure. Although several odontostomatologic signs have been reported, their diagnostic accuracy remains to be ascertained. We tested the hypothesis that EDS is associated with an abnormal reflectance of the oral mucosa. Twelve patients with EDS-II or EDS-III and 12 age- and gender-matched controls were examined. Reflectance of the lower gingival and vestibular oral mucosa in the optical spectrum was measured using an imaging spectrophotometer. EDS patients showed significantly higher reflectance values in the 400-590 nm wavelengths (P<or=.0002) and significantly lower reflectance values in the red wavelengths (610-700 nm range, P<or=.025) than did controls. A reflectance cutoff value of >10.51% at the 400 nm wavelength identified the EDS patients with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. These findings indicate that an abnormal oral mucosal reflectance is a previously unrecognized clinical marker of EDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Parrini
- Department of Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|