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Marine polysaccharide-based hydrogels for critical materials selective removal and recovery: A review. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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2
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Acciaretti F, Vesentini S, Cipolla L. Fabrication Strategies Towards Hydrogels for Biomedical Application: Chemical and Mechanical Insights. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200797. [PMID: 36112345 PMCID: PMC9828515 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review aims at giving selected chemical and mechanical insights on design criteria that should be taken into account in hydrogel production for biomedical applications. Particular emphasis will be given to the chemical aspects involved in hydrogel design: macromer chemical composition, cross-linking strategies and chemistry towards "conventional" and smart/stimuli responsive hydrogels. Mechanical properties of hydrogels in view of regenerative medicine applications will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Acciaretti
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaPiazza della Scienza 220126MilanoItaly
| | - Simone Vesentini
- Department of ElectronicsInformation and BioengineeringPolitecnico di Milano (Italy)Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133MilanoItaly
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano – BicoccaPiazza della Scienza 220126MilanoItaly
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3
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Li C, Xie B, Tan R, Liang L, Peng Z, Chen Q. Current development of bovine jugular vein conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:920152. [PMID: 35992331 PMCID: PMC9386425 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.920152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction is a common surgical method to treat congenital cardiac lesions, and bovine jugular vein conduit (BJVC) has become a prevalent candidate of prosthetic material for this procedure since 1999. Although many clinical studies have shown encouraging results on BJVCs, complications such as stenosis, aneurysmal dilatation, valve insufficiency, and infective endocarditis revealed in other clinical outcomes still remain problematic. This review describes the underlying mechanisms causing respective complications, and summarizes the current technological development that may address those causative factors. Novel crosslinking agents, decellularization techniques, conduit coatings, and physical reinforcement materials have improved the performances of BJVCs. The authors expect that the breakthroughs in the clinical application of BJVC may come from new genetic research findings and advanced characterization apparatuses and bioreactors, and are optimistic that the BJVC will in the future provide sophisticated therapies for next-generation RVOT reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Li
- Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhe Tan
- Ningbo Regen Biotech, Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijin Liang
- Ningbo Regen Biotech, Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Peng
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoxiang Peng, ; Qi Chen,
| | - Qi Chen
- Ningbo Regen Biotech, Co., Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoxiang Peng, ; Qi Chen,
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Preparation and Properties of Blended Composite Film Manufactured Using Walnut-Peptide-Chitosan-Sodium Alginate. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121758. [PMID: 35741956 PMCID: PMC9223285 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, layer-by-layer assembly was performed to prepare sodium alginate (SA) layer and walnut-peptide-chitosan (CS) bilayer composite films. Genipin was adopted to crosslink CS and walnut peptide. The properties of walnut peptide-CS-SA composite film were determined, and the influence of material ratio on the performance of composite film was explored. According to the results, the mechanical tensile property, oil absorption property, and water vapor barrier property of the composite film were improved with the presence of genipin. Moreover, the proportion of CS and walnut peptide had significant effects on color, transmittance, mechanical properties, barrier properties, and antioxidant properties of the composite films. Among them, the composite film containing 1% (w/v) CS, 1% (w/v) walnut peptide, and 0.01% (w/v) genipin showed the best performance, with a tensile strength of 3.65 MPa, elongation at break of 30.82%, water vapor permeability of 0.60 g·mm·m-2·h-1·kPa-1, oil absorption of 0.85%, and the three-phase electrochemistry of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate of 25.59%. Under this condition, the tensile property, barrier property, and oxidation resistance of the composite film are good, which can provide a good preservation effect for food, and has great application potential.
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3D Printed Scaffold Based on Type I Collagen/PLGA_TGF-β1 Nanoparticles Mimicking the Growth Factor Footprint of Human Bone Tissue. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050857. [PMID: 35267680 PMCID: PMC8912467 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In bone regenerative strategies, the controlled release of growth factors is one of the main aspects for successful tissue regeneration. Recent trends in the drug delivery field increased the interest in the development of biodegradable systems able to protect and transport active agents. In the present study, we designed degradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) nanocarriers suitable for the release of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), a key molecule in the management of bone cells behaviour. Spherical TGF-β1-containing PLGA (PLGA_TGF-β1) nanoparticles (ca.250 nm) exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency (ca.64%) were successfully synthesized. The TGF-β1 nanocarriers were subsequently combined with type I collagen for the fabrication of nanostructured 3D printed scaffolds able to mimic the TGF-β1 presence in the human bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The homogeneous hybrid formulation underwent a comprehensive rheological characterisation in view of 3D printing. The 3D printed collagen-based scaffolds (10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm) successfully mimicked the TGF-β1 presence in human bone ECM as assessed by immunohistochemical TGF-β1 staining, covering ca.3.4% of the whole scaffold area. Moreover, the collagenous matrix was able to reduce the initial burst release observed in the first 24 h from about 38% for the PLGA_TGF-β1 alone to 14.5%, proving that the nanocarriers incorporation into collagen allows achieving sustained release kinetics.
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Using genipin as a “green” crosslinker to fabricate chitosan membranes for pervaporative dehydration of isopropanol. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Bonnesœur S, Morin‐Grognet S, Thoumire O, Le Cerf D, Boyer O, Vannier J, Labat B. Hyaluronan‐based hydrogels as versatile tumor‐like models: Tunable ECM and stiffness with genipin‐crosslinking. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1256-1268. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bonnesœur
- Normandie Université, INSERM, U1234, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, UNIROUEN Rouen France
| | - Sandrine Morin‐Grognet
- Normandie Université, PBS UMR 6270, UFR de Sciences et Techniques, FR3038, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS Evreux Cedex France
| | - Olivier Thoumire
- Normandie Université, PBS UMR 6270, UFR de Sciences et Techniques, FR3038, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS Evreux Cedex France
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie Université, PBS UMR 6270, UFR de Sciences et Techniques, FR3038, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS Rouen France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Normandie Université, INSERM, U1234, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, UNIROUEN Rouen France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Vannier
- Normandie Université, INSERM, U1234, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, UNIROUEN Rouen France
| | - Béatrice Labat
- Normandie Université, PBS UMR 6270, UFR de Sciences et Techniques, FR3038, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS Evreux Cedex France
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Genipin as An Emergent Tool in the Design of Biocatalysts: Mechanism of Reaction and Applications. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipin is a reagent isolated from the Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract, and whose low toxicity and good crosslinking properties have converted it into a reactive whose popularity is increasing by the day. These properties have made it widely used in many medical applications, mainly in the production of chitosan materials (crosslinked by this reactive), biological scaffolds for tissue engineering, and nanoparticles of chitosan and nanogels of proteins for controlled drug delivery, the genipin crosslinking being a key point to strengthen the stability of these materials. This review is focused on the mechanism of reaction of this reagent and its use in the design of biocatalysts, where genipin plays a double role, as a support activating agent and as inter- or intramolecular crosslinker. Its low toxicity makes this compound an ideal alterative to glutaraldehyde in these processes. Moreover, in some cases the features of the biocatalysts prepared using genipin surpassed those of the biocatalysts prepared using other standard crosslinkers, even disregarding toxicity. In this way, genipin is a very promising reagent in the design of biocatalysts.
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Tamimi EA, Ardila DC, Ensley BD, Kellar RS, Vande Geest J. Computationally optimizing the compliance of multilayered biomimetic tissue engineered vascular grafts. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:2725826. [PMID: 30778568 DOI: 10.1115/1.4042902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafts used to treat coronary artery disease often fail due to compliance mismatch. In this study, we have developed an experimental/computational approach to fabricate an acellular biomimetic hybrid tissue engineered vascular graft composed of alternating layers of electrospun porcine gelatin/polycaprolactone (PCL) and human tropoelastin/PCL blends with the goal of compliance-matching to rat abdominal aorta, while maintaining specific geometrical constraints. Polymeric blends at three different gelatin:PCL (G:PCL) and tropoelastin:PCL (T:PCL) ratios (80:20, 50:50 and 20:80) were mechanically characterized. The stress-strain data was used to develop predictive models, which were used as part of an optimization scheme that was implemented to determine the ratios of G:PCL and T:PCL and the thickness of the individual layers within a tissue engineered vascular graft that would compliance match a target compliance value. The hypocompliant, isocompliant, and hypercompliant grafts had target compliance values of 0.000256, 0.000568 and 0.000880 mmHg-1, respectively. Experimental validation of the optimization demonstrated that the hypercompliant and isocompliant grafts were not statistically significant from their respective target compliance values (p-value=0.37 and 0.89, respectively). The experimental compliance value of the hypocompliant graft was statistically significant than their target compliance value (p-value=0.047). We have successfully demonstrated a design optimization scheme that can be used to fabricate multilayered and biomimetic vascular grafts with targeted geometry and compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Akram Tamimi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Diana Catalina Ardila
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Robert S Kellar
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011
| | - Jonathan Vande Geest
- ASME Member, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 300 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, United State 15219
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Gharaibeh AM, Saez V, Garcia N, Bataille L, Alió JL. Optimizing Genipin Concentration for Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking: An ex vivo Study. Ophthalmic Res 2018; 60:100-108. [PMID: 29804113 DOI: 10.1159/000487950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studying genipin variable concentrations, treatment durations, and delivery methods as a substance to increase corneal stiffness by inducing corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). MATERIALS AND METHODS 100 bovine corneas treated with different genipin concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1%) and treatment durations (15 min, 40 min, 2 h, and 3 days) through different delivery methods compared to 10 controls treated with riboflavin/UV. Histology examination, enzymatic digestion with collagenase and thermal differential scanning calorimetry were performed on the different samples. RESULTS Bovine corneas soaked in 0.5% genipin morphologically showed 4.7% CXL in comparison to 5.6% in controls (p < 0.05). Corneas treated with topical 0.5% genipin, by a 140-µL drop applied hourly for 2 h, showed 7% corneal CXL. Corneas treated with topical genipin 0.5% for 30 min, 1 and 2 h showed 54 ± 6, 40 ± 7, and 39 ± 9% enzymatic degradation, respectively, in comparison to controls (74%). Corneas treated with 0.5% genipin for 1, 2, and 8 h showed higher thermal denaturation resistance (Td values of 64.9 ± 0.3, 64.7 ± 0.0 and 67.3 ± 0.9), respectively, in comparison to the control group (64.6 ± 0.5) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Genipin 0.5%, in a 140-µL drop applied hourly for 2 h, showed better potential to enhance corneal stiffness and stability through inducing CXL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almutez M Gharaibeh
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Vissum Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Virginia Saez
- Tecnalia Research and Innovation - Health Division, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nerea Garcia
- Tecnalia Research and Innovation - Health Division, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Laurent Bataille
- Vissum Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge L Alió
- Vissum Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.,Division of Ophthalmology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
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Abstract
Genipin is a natural plant-derived compound that covalently cross-links biopolymers into lattice networks with good biocompatibility, controllable swelling, and mechanical properties. This protocol describes the genipin cross-linking of elastic proteins, including tropoelastin and elastin-based polypeptides, through steps of elastin phase-separation upon addition of salt and heat, centrifugation to rapidly concentrate the dense protein phase, and incubation. This method is applicable for the fabrication of elastic materials suitable for use as scaffolds for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Muiznieks
- Molecular Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12
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Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral Xenograft. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8040043. [PMID: 28946629 PMCID: PMC5748550 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a non-crosslinked osteochondral xenograft would be mechanically inferior to native cartilage and vulnerable to premature degradation, we seek a safe and effective method of xenograft stabilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to stabilize a decellularized porcine osteochondral xenograft through collagen crosslinking. Our objectives were to assess the effects of EGCG on the degree of crosslinking, mechanical properties, collagenase resistance, cytotoxicity, and in vitro biocompatibility. EGCG is a green tea polyphenol that acts as a collagen crosslinker. Porcine osteochondral plugs were decellularized and then crosslinked by soaking in EGCG. The degree of crosslinking, cartilage compressive stiffness, cartilage-bone interface strength, coefficient of friction, and residual mass after collagenase exposure all increased with an increasing EGCG concentration. With the exception of the coefficient of friction, EGCG treatment could restore mechanical properties to levels equal to, or exceeding those, of native cartilage. EGCG treatment profoundly increased the enzymatic resistance, and 1% EGCG provided protection equivalent to 1% glutaraldehyde. EGCG up to 0.5 mM was essentially not cytotoxic to chondrocytes embedded in alginate, and autologous chondrocytes attached to decellularized, EGCG-fixed cartilage were all viable five days after seeding. Results demonstrate that EGCG has many beneficial effects on a decellularized osteochondral xenograft, and may be suitable for use in stabilizing such a graft prior to implantation for the repair of a defect.
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Neri-Numa IA, Pessoa MG, Paulino BN, Pastore GM. Genipin: A natural blue pigment for food and health purposes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Y. Rioja A, Muniz-Maisonet M, J. Koob T, D. Gallant N. Effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid cross-linking on fibrillar collagen: in vitro evaluation of fibroblast adhesion strength and migration. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2017.2.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Santurdes N, González-Gómez A, Martín del Campo-Fierro M, Rosales-Ibáñez R, Oros-Ovalle C, Vázquez-Lasa B, San Román J. Development of bioresorbable bilayered systems for application as affordable wound dressings. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911516635840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was the preparation and evaluation of a bioresorbable bilayered system for application in the treatment of dermal lesions. The system was based on a polyesterurethane as the external layer and a gelatin membrane as the internal layer. The polyesterurethane was synthesized from poly(ε-caprolactone), polyethylene glycol of 1 or 10 kDa as a hydrophilic component or Pluronic F127 as an amphiphilic component and l-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate as an urethane precursor. Gelatin membrane was obtained by crosslinking with the naturally occurring crosslinker genipin. Three important points were addressed in this study: the physicochemical characterization of the system, the in vitro behaviour and the in vivo performance on a full-thickness wound defect of rat. The polyesterurethane containing polyethylene glycol of 10 kDa presented the optimum properties for the designed application as to be tested in animal experiments. The in vivo results showed good healing of the lesion with the formation of epidermis similar to normal rat skin. These promising results suggest the potential of this system to be used as an affordable wound dressing in the treatment of different dermal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Santurdes
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Gómez
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - R Rosales-Ibáñez
- Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - C Oros-Ovalle
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi and Hospital Central ‘Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto’, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - B Vázquez-Lasa
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - J San Román
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Pankongadisak P, Ruktanonchai UR, Supaphol P, Suwantong O. Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles-loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1105-15. [PMID: 24851817 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-loaded alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds were successfully prepared. The AgNPs-loaded calcium alginate beads were prepared by electrospraying method. The effect of alginate concentration and applied voltage on shape and diameter of beads was studied. The diameter of dry AgNPs-loaded calcium alignate beads at various concentrations of AgNO3 ranged between 154 and 171 μm. The AgNPs-loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying method. The water swelling and weight loss behaviors of the AgNPs-loaded alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds increased with an increase in the submersion time. Moreover, the genipin-cross-linked gelatin scaffolds were proven to be nontoxic to normal human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting their potential uses as wound dressings.
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17
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Guterl CC, Torre OM, Purmessur D, Dave K, Likhitpanichkul M, Hecht AC, Nicoll SB, Iatridis JC. Characterization of mechanics and cytocompatibility of fibrin-genipin annulus fibrosus sealant with the addition of cell adhesion molecules. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2536-45. [PMID: 24684314 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for a biomaterial sealant capable of repairing small annulus fibrosus (AF) defects. Causes of these defects include painful intervertebral disc herniations, microdiscectomy procedures, morbidity associated with needle puncture injury from discography, and future nucleus replacement procedures. This study describes the enhancements of a fibrin gel through genipin crosslinking (FibGen) and the addition of the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), fibronectin and collagen. The gel's performance as a potential AF sealant is assessed using a series of in vitro tests. FibGen gels with CAMs had equivalent adhesive strength, gene expression, cytomorphology, and cell proliferation as fibrin alone. However, FibGen gels had enhanced material behaviors that were tunable to higher shear stiffness values and approximated human annulus tissue as compared with fibrin alone, were more dimensionally stable, and had a slower in vitro degradation rate. Cytomorphology of human AF cells cultured on FibGen gels exhibited increased elongation compared with fibrin alone, and the addition of CAMs to FibGen did not significantly affect elongation. This FibGen gel offers the promise of being used as a sealant material to repair small AF defects or to be used in combination with other biomaterials as an adhesive for larger defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare C Guterl
- 1 Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York
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Characterization of genipin-modified dentin collagen. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:702821. [PMID: 24795891 PMCID: PMC3984863 DOI: 10.1155/2014/702821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Application of biomodification techniques to dentin can improve its biochemical and biomechanical properties. Several collagen cross-linking agents have been reported to strengthen the mechanical properties of dentin. However, the characteristics of collagen that has undergone agent-induced biomodification are not well understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of a natural cross-linking agent, genipin (GE), on dentin discoloration, collagen stability, and changes in amino acid composition and lysyl oxidase mediated natural collagen cross-links. Dentin collagen obtained from extracted bovine teeth was treated with three different concentrations of GE (0.01%, 0.1%, and 0.5%) for several treatment times (0–24 h). Changes in biochemical properties of NaB3H4-reduced collagen were characterized by amino acid and cross-link analyses. The treatment of dentin collagen with GE resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent pigmentation and stability against bacterial collagenase. The lysyl oxidase-mediated trivalent mature cross-link, pyridinoline, showed no difference among all groups while the major divalent immature cross-link, dehydro-dihydroxylysinonorleucine/its ketoamine in collagen treated with 0.5% GE for 24 h, significantly decreased compared to control (P < 0.05). The newly formed GE-induced cross-links most likely involve lysine and hydroxylysine residues of collagen in a concentration-dependent manner. Some of these cross-links appear to be reducible and stabilized with NaB3H4.
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Abstract
A variety of congenital cardiac anomalies with severe right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction or RVOT interruption require surgical reconstruction from the infundibulum up to the pulmonary artery bifurcation or even into the branches of the pulmonary arteries. Ideally, the conduit or valve required for such reconstruction has to be formed of autologous tissue that grows, resists infection, lasts for the life span of the patient and is readily available in all sizes. Such conduits, however, are not available and although several alternatives have been used, none of which are without potential drawbacks. Contegra valved bovine internal jugular vein conduit (Medtronic Inc., MN, USA) has recently emerged as a promising option for pediatric RVOT reconstruction and has been advocated for its 'off-the-shelf' availability in sizes ranging from 12 to 22 mm, surgical pliability and encouraging short- and mid-term success in experimental animal, as well as clinical studies. This review focuses on the current outcomes of Contegra conduit and highlights some of the major concerns related to the use of this conduit and strategies to tackle these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad G Raja
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Building, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK.
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20
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Vasconcelos A, Gomes AC, Cavaco-Paulo A. Novel silk fibroin/elastin wound dressings. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:3049-60. [PMID: 22546517 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) and elastin (EL) scaffolds were successfully produced for the first time for the treatment of burn wounds. The self-assembly properties of SF, together with the excellent chemical and mechanical stability and biocompatibility, were combined with elastin protein to produce scaffolds with the ability to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). Porous scaffolds were obtained by lyophilization and were further crosslinked with genipin (GE). Genipin crosslinking induces the conformational transition from random coil to β-sheet of SF chains, yielding scaffolds with smaller pore size and reduced swelling ratios, degradation and release rates. All results indicated that the composition of the scaffolds had a significant effect on their physical properties, and that can easily be tuned to obtain scaffolds suitable for biological applications. Wound healing was assessed through the use of human full-thickness skin equivalents (EpidermFT). Standardized burn wounds were induced by a cautery and the best re-epithelialization and the fastest wound closure was obtained in wounds treated with 50SF scaffolds; these contain the highest amount of elastin after 6 days of healing in comparison with other dressings and controls. The cytocompatibility demonstrated with human skin fibroblasts together with the healing improvement make these SF/EL scaffolds suitable for wound dressing applications.
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Fiore AC, Brown JW, Turrentine MW, Ruzmetov M, Huynh D, Hanley S, Rodefeld MD. A Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit: A Ten-Year Bi-Institutional Experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92:183-90; discussion 190-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yoo JS, Kim YJ, Kim SH, Choi SH. Study on genipin: a new alternative natural crosslinking agent for fixing heterograft tissue. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2011; 44:197-207. [PMID: 22263152 PMCID: PMC3249303 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2011.44.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background In cardiac surgery, especially in the reconstruction of vascular structures and intracardiac defects, glutaraldehyde has usually been used as the reagent for fixing porcine or bovine pericardial tissues. But the well-known problem of calcification or cytotoxicity of glutaraldehyde motivates the search for a replacement. The aim of this study is to investigate the physical, mechanical, and biochemical characteristics of bovine pericardial tissues fixed with genipin, which is known to be a less toxic and more natural fixing reagent. Materials and Methods Bovine pericardial tissues were fixed with different concentrations and conditions of glutaraldehyde and genipin. To determine the physical, mechanical, and biochemical differences among different concentrations and conditions, we divided the tissue into 18 groups by concentration, the addition of organic solvents, and the timing of adding the organic solvents, and compared the characteristics of each group. Results Tensile strength, physical activity, and thermal stability tests revealed that the tissues fixed with glutaraldehyde were better with regard to mechanical strength and biochemical durability. However, the difference was not significant statistically. Conclusion Genipin can be used as an alternative crosslinking agent for pericardial tissue, considering given its physical, mechanical, biochemical characteristics and low cytotoxicity comparable to glutaraldehyde. However, further studies are needed on the immune reaction and the long term changes in genipin-fixed tissues in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Suk Yoo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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23
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Chen WC, Yao CL, Wei YH, Chu IM. Evaluating osteochondral defect repair potential of autologous rabbit bone marrow cells on type II collagen scaffold. Cytotechnology 2010; 63:13-23. [PMID: 20972620 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of using genipin cross-linked type II collagen scaffold with rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (RBMSCs) to repair cartilage defect was herein studied. Induction of RBMSCs into chondrocytic phenotype on type II collagen scaffold in vitro was conducted using TGF-β 3 containing medium. After 3-weeks of induction, chondrocytic behavior, including marker genes expression and specific extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, was observed. In the in vivo evaluation experiment, the scaffolds containing RBMSCs without prior induction were autologous implanted into the articular cartilage defects made by subchondral drilling. The repairing ability was evaluated. After 2 months, chondrocyte-like cells with lacuna structure and corresponding ECM were found in the repaired sites without apparent inflammation. After 24 weeks, we could easily find cartilage structure the same with normal cartilage in the repair site. In conclusion, it was shown that the scaffolds in combination of in vivo conditions can induce RBMSCs into chondrocytes in repaired area and would be a possible method for articular cartilage repair in clinic and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsin-Chu City, 300, Taiwan
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Mechanical properties, drug eluting characteristics and in vivo performance of a genipin-crosslinked chitosan polymeric stent. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5560-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Helmus MN, Gibbons DF, Cebon D. Biocompatibility: meeting a key functional requirement of next-generation medical devices. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:70-80. [PMID: 18337223 DOI: 10.1177/0192623307310949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The array of polymeric, biologic, metallic, and ceramic biomaterials will be reviewed with respect to their biocompatibility, which has traditionally been viewed as a requirement to develop a safe medical device. With the emergence of combination products, a paradigm shift is occurring that now requires biocompatibility to be designed into the device. In fact, next-generation medical devices will require enhanced biocompatibility by using, for example, pharmacological agents, bioactive coatings, nano-textures, or hybrid systems containing cells that control biologic interactions to have desirable biologic outcomes. The concept of biocompatibility is moving from a "do no harm" mission (i.e., nontoxic, nonantigenic, nonmutagenic, etc.) to one of doing "good," that is, encouraging positive healing responses. These new devices will promote the formation of normal healthy tissue as well as the integration of the device into adjacent tissue. In some contexts, biocompatibility can become a disruptive technology that can change therapeutic paradigms (e.g., drug-coated stents). New database tools to access biocompatibility data of the materials of construction in existing medical devices will facilitate the use of existing and new biomaterials for new medical device designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Helmus
- Medical Devices, Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Nanotechnology, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA.
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Englert C, Blunk T, Müller R, von Glasser SS, Baumer J, Fierlbeck J, Heid IM, Nerlich M, Hammer J. Bonding of articular cartilage using a combination of biochemical degradation and surface cross-linking. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R47. [PMID: 17504533 PMCID: PMC2206351 DOI: 10.1186/ar2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
After trauma, articular cartilage often does not heal due to incomplete bonding of the fractured surfaces. In this study we investigated the ability of chemical cross-linkers to facilitate bonding of articular cartilage, either alone or in combination with a pre-treatment with surface-degrading agents. Articular cartilage blocks were harvested from the femoropatellar groove of bovine calves. Two cartilage blocks, either after pre-treatment or without, were assembled in a custom-designed chamber in partial apposition and subjected to cross-linking treatment. Subsequently, bonding of cartilage was measured as adhesive strength, that is, the maximum force at rupture of bonded cartilage blocks divided by the overlap area. In a first approach, bonding was investigated after treatment with cross-linking reagents only, employing glutaraldehyde, 1-ethyl-3-diaminopropyl-carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), genipin, or transglutaminase. Experiments were conducted with or without compression of the opposing surfaces. Compression during cross-linking strongly enhanced bonding, especially when applying EDC/NHS and glutaraldehyde. Therefore, all further experiments were performed under compressive conditions. Combinations of each of the four cross-linking agents with the degrading pre-treatments, pepsin, trypsin, and guanidine, led to distinct improvements in bonding compared to the use of cross-linkers alone. The highest values of adhesive strength were achieved employing combinations of pepsin or guanidine with EDC/NHS, and guanidine with glutaraldehyde. The release of extracellular matrix components, that is, glycosaminoglycans and total collagen, from cartilage blocks after pre-treatment was measured, but could not be directly correlated to the determined adhesive strength. Cytotoxicity was determined for all substances employed, that is, surface degrading agents and cross-linkers, using the resazurin assay. Taking the favourable cell vitality after treatment with pepsin and EDC/NHS and the cytotoxic effects of guanidine and glutaraldehyde into account, the combination of pepsin and EDC/NHS appeared to be the most advantageous treatment in this study. In conclusion, bonding of articular cartilage blocks was achieved by chemical fixation of their surface components using cross-linking reagents. Application of compressive forces and prior modulation of surface structures enhanced cartilage bonding significantly. Enzymatic treatment in combination with cross-linkers may represent a promising addition to current techniques for articular cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Englert
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze von Glasser
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Baumer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johann Fierlbeck
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Applied Sciences, Galgenbergstrasse, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris M Heid
- GSF-National Research Centre, Institute of Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse, 85674 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Nerlich
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Hammer
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Applied Sciences, Galgenbergstrasse, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Chang Y, Lai PH, Wang CC, Chen SC, Chang WC, Sung HW. Mesothelium regeneration on acellular bovine pericardia loaded with an angiogenic agent (ginsenoside Rg1) successfully reduces postsurgical pericardial adhesions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132:867-74. [PMID: 17000299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to reduce postsurgical pericardial adhesions with porous acellular bovine pericardia loaded with ginsenoside Rg1, an angiogenic agent isolated from Panax ginseng (the Acellular/Rg1 patch). METHODS The acellular/Rg1 patch was used as a substitute to repair a defect created in the pericardium of a rabbit model. A commercially available expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch, the cellular pericardium (the cellular patch), and the acellular pericardium without loading Rg1 (the acellular patch) were used as controls. The implanted samples were retrieved at 1 and 3 months after surgery (n = 5 per group at each time point). RESULTS It was found that each side of the implanted patch could be remesothelialized provided that regeneration of neo-tissue fibrils occurred initially on its surfaces. Because remesothelialization did not take place on the surfaces of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and cellular patches, moderate to severe adhesions to the lung and epicardium were clearly observed. As compared with the cellular patch, the acellular patch significantly reduced postsurgical pericardial adhesions, especially on its lung side, as a result of remesothelialization. In the presence of Rg1, a faster remesothelialization was observed on each side of the acellular/Rg1 patch. Therefore, the acellular/Rg1 patch was free of any adhesions to the lung; however, there was still a filmy adhesion to the epicardium observed in 3 of the 5 studied animals at 3 months after surgery, due to incomplete remesothelialization. CONCLUSIONS The acellular/Rg1 patch effectively repaired pericardial defects in rabbits and successfully reduced the formation of pericardial adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taichung and the College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wei HJ, Chen SC, Chang Y, Hwang SM, Lin WW, Lai PH, Chiang HK, Hsu LF, Yang HH, Sung HW. Porous acellular bovine pericardia seeded with mesenchymal stem cells as a patch to repair a myocardial defect in a syngeneic rat model. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5409-19. [PMID: 16844214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A patch is often mandatory to repair myocardial defects; however, currently available patches lack the possibility of regeneration. To overcome this limitation, a porous acellular bovine pericardium seeded with BrdU-labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was prepared (the MSC patch) to repair a surgically created myocardial defect in the right ventricle of a syngeneic rat model. The bovine pericardium before cell extraction was used as a control (the Control patch). The implanted samples were retrieved at 4- and 12-week postoperatively (n=5 per group at each time point). At retrieval, no aneurysmal dilation of the implanted patches was seen for both studied groups. No apparent tissue adhesion was observed for the MSC patch throughout the entire course of the study, while for the Control patch, two out of the five studied animals at 12-week postoperatively had a filmy adhesion to the chest wall. On the inner (endocardial) surface, intimal thickening was observed for both studied groups; however, no thrombus formation was found. Intact layers of endothelial and mesothelial cells were identified on the inner and outer (epicardial) surfaces of the MSC patch. Smooth muscle cells together with neo-muscle fibers, neo-glycosaminoglycans and neo-capillaries were observed within the pores of the MSC patch. Some cardiomyocytes, which stained positively for BrdU and alpha-sacromeric actin, were observed in the MSC patch, indicating that the implanted MSCs can engraft and differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Additionally, a normality of the local electrograms on the epicardial surface of the MSC patch was observed. In contrast, no apparent tissue regeneration was observed for the Control patch throughout the entire course of the study, while only abnormal electrogram signals were seen on its epicardial surface. In conclusion, the MSC patch may preserve the structure of the ventricular wall while providing the potential for myocardial tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ji Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taichung, and College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Schreiber C, Sassen S, Kostolny M, Hörer J, Cleuziou J, Wottke M, Holper K, Fend F, Eicken A, Lange R. Early Graft Failure of Small-Sized Porcine-Valved Conduits in Reconstruction of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 82:179-85. [PMID: 16798210 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quest for an alternative to homografts for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract is ongoing. The Shelhigh No-React (NR-4000PA series) treated porcine pulmonic valve conduit (SPVC) was developed as a potential alternative. METHODS During a 12-month period from May 2004 to May 2005, the SPVC was implanted in 34 patients, of whom 62% were younger than 1 year. Median age at operation was 7 months (range, 5 days to 12 years). Thirteen SPCV conduits size 10, 11 size 12, 8 size 14, and 2 size 16 were initially implanted. Since May 2005, however, we have temporarily abandoned its implantation as we were concerned about a number of early failures. RESULTS Until November 2005, 1 early and 1 late death have occurred. Both were not conduit related. Fifteen conduits were replaced in 13 patients. Of these, 10 were size 10, 3 size 12, 2 size 14, and none size 16. Mean time to replacement of the SPVC was 313 +/- 116 days. A pseudointimal peel formation and chronic inflammation with foreign-body reaction was found in all explanted conduits at all levels. The maximum of the inflammatory reaction occurred at the valvular level around the porcine tissues, with shrinkage of the valve and hemodynamic compromise. At valvular level, small punctuate calcifications were observed in 2 cases. In 6 patients an acute inflammatory component was observed. At late follow-up (mean follow-up 366 +/- 102 days, 34 patient-years), echocardiography showed a mean graft gradient of 39.8 +/- 29.7 mm Hg, with mild to moderate insufficiency in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS Although the No-React treated valve largely resists calcification, pseudointimal peel formation was found in all explanted conduits and led to multilevel conduit stenoses. The small-sized SPVC can not be regarded as an ideal conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schreiber
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Chang Y, Chen SC, Wei HJ, Wu TJ, Liang HC, Lai PH, Yang HH, Sung HW. Tissue regeneration observed in a porous acellular bovine pericardium used to repair a myocardial defect in the right ventricle of a rat model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 130:705-11. [PMID: 16153917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2004] [Revised: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonliving synthetic materials have been widely used to repair myocardial defects; however, material-related failures do occur. To overcome these problems, an acellular bovine pericardium with a porous structure fixed with genipin (the AGP patch) was developed. METHODS The AGP patch was used to repair a surgically created myocardial defect in the right ventricle of a rat model. A commercially available expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) patch was used as a control. At retrieval, a computerized mapping system was used to acquire local epicardial electrograms of each implanted sample, and the appearance of each retrieved sample was grossly examined. The retrieved samples were then processed for histologic examination. RESULTS The amplitude of local electrograms on the AGP patch increased significantly with increasing implantation duration, whereas only low-amplitude electrograms were observed on the e-PTFE patch throughout the entire course of the study. No aneurysmal dilation of the implanted patches was seen for either studied group. Additionally, no tissue adhesion was observed on the outer (epicardial) surface of the AGP patch, whereas a moderate tissue adhesion was observed on the e-PTFE patch. On the inner (endocardial) surface, intimal thickening was observed for both studied groups; however, no thrombus formation was found. Intact layers of endothelial and mesothelial cells were identified on the inner and outer surfaces of the AGP patch, respectively. At 4 weeks postoperatively, smooth muscle cells, together with neomuscle fibers (with a few neocollagen fibrils), neoglycosaminoglycans, and neocapillaries, were observed to fill the pores in the AGP patch, an indication of tissue regeneration. These observations were more pronounced at 12 weeks postoperatively. In contrast, no apparent tissue regeneration was observed in the e-PTFE patch. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that the AGP patch holds promise to become a suitable patch for surgical repair of myocardial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taichung, and the College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lai PH, Chang Y, Liang HC, Chen SC, Wei HJ, Sung HW. Peritoneal Regeneration Induced by an Acellular Bovine Pericardial Patch in the Repair of Abdominal Wall Defects. J Surg Res 2005; 127:85-92. [PMID: 15921700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to evaluate the feasibility of using an acellular bovine pericardium fixed with genipin (AGP) to repair an abdominal wall defect created in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The glutaraldehyde-fixed acellular pericardium (AGA), the genipin-fixed cellular pericardium (GP), and a commercially available polypropylene mesh were used as controls. RESULTS Gross examination at 3-month post-operatively revealed that dense adhesions to the visceral organs were observed for the polypropylene mesh and the AGA patch, while a filmy to dense adhesion was seen for the GP patch. In contrast, no adhesion to the visceral organs was observed for the AGP patch. Histologically, inflammatory cells were found mainly surrounding the GP patch. In contrast, host cells (inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and neo-capillaries) were able to infiltrate into the AGA and AGP patches. Unlike the AGA patch, the AGP patch retrieved at 1-month post-operatively became well integrated with the host tissue near the suture line. Additionally, there were some mesothelial cells, identified by the van Gieson stain, observed on the AGP patch. At 3-month post-operatively, a neo-peritoneum was observed on the AGP patch. The neo-peritoneum consisted of organized vascularized connective tissues covered by an intact layer of mesothelial cells. The calcium contents of the polypropylene mesh and the AGA patch increased significantly at 3-month post-operatively, while those of the GP and AGP patches stayed minimal throughout the entire course of the study. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the study revealed that the AGP patch effectively repaired abdominal wall defects in rats and successfully prevented the formation of post-surgical abdominal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hong Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Chang Y, Lee MH, Liang HC, Hsu CK, Sung HW. Acellular bovine pericardia with distinct porous structures fixed with genipin as an extracellular matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 10:881-92. [PMID: 15265306 DOI: 10.1089/1076327041348509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A cell extraction process was employed to remove the cellular components from bovine pericardia. Various porous structures of the acellular tissues were then created, using acetic acid and collagenase, and subsequently fixed with genipin. The biological response and tissue regeneration pattern for each studied group were evaluated in a growing rat model. One month postoperatively, fibroblasts, neoconnective tissue fibrils, and neocapillaries were observed in the acellular, acetic acid-treated, and collagenase-treated tissues to fill the pores within the implanted samples, indicating that these tissue samples were being regenerated. The neoconnective tissue fibrils were identified to be neocollagen fibrils and neoglycosaminoglycans. On the other hand, no tissue regeneration was observed in the cellular tissue throughout the entire course of the study; tissue regeneration was limited to the outer most layer of the acellular tissue. In contrast, the areas of tissue regeneration in the acetic acid-treated and collagenase-treated tissues were expanded with increasing duration of implantation. However, 1 year postoperatively there were still numerous inflammatory cells observed in the acetic acid-treated tissue, whereas inflammatory cells in the collagenase-treated tissue had almost disappeared. These results indicated that tissue regeneration patterns within acellular tissues were significantly affected by their porous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taichung, and College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Liang HC, Chang Y, Hsu CK, Lee MH, Sung HW. Effects of crosslinking degree of an acellular biological tissue on its tissue regeneration pattern. Biomaterials 2004; 25:3541-52. [PMID: 15020128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It was reported that acellular biological tissues can provide a natural microenvironment for host cell migration and may be used as a scaffold for tissue regeneration. To reduce antigenicity, biological tissues have to be fixed with a crosslinking agent before implantation. As a tissue-engineering scaffold, it is speculated that the crosslinking degree of an acellular tissue may affect its tissue regeneration pattern. In the study, a cell extraction process was employed to remove the cellular components from bovine pericardia. The acellular tissues then were fixed with genipin at various known concentrations to obtain varying degrees of crosslinking. It was shown in the in vitro degradation study that after fixing with genipin, the resistance against enzymatic degradation of the acellular tissue increased significantly with increasing its crosslinking degree. In the in vivo subcutaneous study, it was found that cells (inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and red blood cells) were able to infiltrate into acellular tissues. Generally, the depth of cell infiltration into the acellular tissue decreased with increasing its crosslinking degree. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was accompanied by degradation of the acellular tissue. Due to early degradation, no tissue regeneration was observed within fresh (without crosslinking) and the 30%-degree-crosslinking acellular tissues. This is because the scaffolds provided by these two samples were already completely degraded before the infiltrated cells began to secrete their own extracellular matrix. In contrast, tissue regeneration (fibroblasts, neo-collagen fibrils, and neo-capillaries) was observed for the 60%- and 95%-degree-crosslinking acellular tissues by the histological examination, immunohistological staining, transmission electron microscopy, and denaturation temperature measurement. The 95%-degree-crosslinking acellular tissue was more resistant against enzymatic degradation than its 60%-degree-crosslinking counterpart. Consequently, tissue regeneration was limited in the outer layer of the 95%-degree-crosslinking acellular tissue throughout the entire course of the study (1-year postoperatively), while tissue regeneration was observed within the entire sample for the 60%-degree-crosslinking acellular tissue. In conclusion, the crosslinking degree determines the degradation rate of the acellular tissue and its tissue regeneration pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chien Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
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Vricella LA, Kanani M, Cook AC, Cameron DE, Tsang VT. Problems with the right ventricular outflow tract: a review of morphologic features and current therapeutic options. Cardiol Young 2004; 14:533-49. [PMID: 15680076 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951104005116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Repair of complex malformations that necessitate restoration of continuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries can now safely be performed with low morbidity and mortality. Major concerns still remain on the long-term outlook for these patients, and about the durability of the different prostheses used to restore that continuity, whether during initial correction or at the time of reintervention for failure of the conduit or pulmonary regurgitation. In this review, we discuss the salient morphologic features of the right ventricular outflow tract, and then focus on the indications for early and late intervention, current therapeutic options, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca A Vricella
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-1824, USA. lvricella@jhmi@edu
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Bottio T, Thiene G, Vida V, Della Barbera M, Angelini A, Stellin G, Gerosa G. The bovine jugular vein conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: a feasible alternative to homograft conduits? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 127:1204-7. [PMID: 15052227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomaso Bottio
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Padua Medical School, Italy.
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Boudjemline Y, Bonnet D, Massih TA, Agnoletti G, Iserin F, Jaubert F, Sidi D, Vouhé P. Use of bovine jugular vein to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract: early results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126:490-7. [PMID: 12928649 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(03)00232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluate early results of bovine jugular vein conduits in the pulmonary outflow. METHODS Between April 2000 and September 2001, 31 conduits were placed in the outflow of the right ventricle. Patients who received a conduit as a staged surgical procedure were excluded (n = 3). Implantation age ranged from 0 to 21 years (median, 3.4 years). Conduit diameter ranged from 12 to 20 mm (median, 14 mm). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at discharge and 3 months after surgery. Patients with significant pulmonary regurgitation and/or stenosis underwent cardiac catheterization. RESULTS Four patients died during the follow-up period. Three deaths were unrelated to the conduit. One death was related to the complete thrombosis of the conduit. At 3 months evaluation, pulmonary valve regurgitation was absent or trivial in 19, mild in 2 and severe in 3 of 24 survivors. Four patients had nonfatal conduit-related complications. A transient thrombus formation within 1 leaflet was noted postoperatively in a patient with a moderate pulmonary regurgitation. Three patients required reoperation 3 to 5.8 months after the implantation for conduit failure (mean, 4.3 months). Cardiac catheterization before replacement revealed an aneurysmal dilation of the conduit below a severe stenosis of the pulmonary bifurcation due to important neointimal proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Early failure of bovine jugular vein valved conduits can occur because of exaggerated intimal proliferation or thrombotic process within the conduit. Because of these complications, close echocardiographic follow-up is mandatory during the first weeks after implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Boudjemline
- Service de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Sung HW, Chang WH, Ma CY, Lee MH. Crosslinking of biological tissues using genipin and/or carbodiimide. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 64:427-38. [PMID: 12579556 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study was to investigate the crosslinking characteristics, mechanical properties, and resistance against enzymatic degradation of biological tissues after fixation with genipin (a naturally occurring crosslinking agent) and/or carbodiimide. Fresh tissue was used as a control. It was found that both genipin and carbodiimide are effective crosslinking agents for tissue fixation and genipin crosslinking is comparatively slower than carbodiimide crosslinking. Additionally, tissue fixation in genipin and/or carbodiimide may produce distinct crosslinking structures. Carbodiimide may form intrahelical and interhelical crosslinks within or between tropocollagen molecules, whereas genipin may further introduce intermicrofibrillar crosslinks between adjacent collagen microfibrils. The stability (denaturation temperature and resistance against enzymatic degradation) of the fixed tissue is mainly determined by its intrahelical and interhelical crosslinks. In contrast, intermicrofibrillar crosslinks significantly affect the mechanical properties (tissue shrinkage during fixation, tensile strength, strain at break, and ruptured pattern) of the fixed tissue. Moreover, the degree of enzymatic degradation of the fixed tissue may be influenced by three factors: the availability, to the enzyme, of recognizable cleavage sites, the degree of crosslinking, and the extent of helical integrity of tropocollagen molecules in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, Republic of China.
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Schoof PH, Koch AD, Hazekamp MG, Waterbolk TW, Ebels T, Dion RA. Bovine jugular vein thrombosis in the Fontan circulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 124:1038-40. [PMID: 12407396 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2002.125646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Schoof
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Bové T, Demanet H, Wauthy P, Goldstein JP, Dessy H, Viart P, Devillé A, Deuvaert FE. Early results of valved bovine jugular vein conduit versus bicuspid homograft for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74:536-41; discussion 541. [PMID: 12173841 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(02)03728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homograft conduits are preferable for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in children, but their limited availability remains a major concern. Recently, a valve-containing segment of bovine jugular vein (Contegra, Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN) has been introduced as a potential alternative conduit. METHODS Early clinical and echocardiographic results of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction were retrospectively compared between 41 children (mean age, 1.9 years), receiving a Contegra conduit and 36 patients (mean age, 2.7 years) with a size-reduced pulmonary homograft. RESULTS Clinical outcome was comparable with two early deaths in the homograft group and one in the Contegra group. There were no conduit-related complications in either population. Early echocardiographic assessment showed only trivial to mild regurgitation in 9 homografts versus 17 Contegra conduits. The peak gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract conduit was comparable for both groups, although a larger number of patients, treated with a downsized homograft, had a small gradient at the distal junction with the pulmonary arteries (12 versus 6 patients). None of the patients had a gradient at the valvar level. CONCLUSIONS The valved bovine jugular vein conduit offers a promising substitute for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in infants and children, with an early hemodynamic performance that compares favorably with downsized, bicuspid homografts. Clinical advantages are greater shelf availability and the natural continuity between valve and conduit, which allows proximal infundibular shaping without additional material. However, durability must be determined, even though most of these children will require right ventricular outflow tract reoperation after outgrowing the conduit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Bové
- Cardiac Unit, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, U.L.B.-V.U.B., Brussels, Belgium.
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