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Stephens EH, Dearani JA, Miranda WR, Anderson JH. PA-VSD Without MAPCA(s): Review of Long-Term Outcomes and Reinterventions. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2024:21501351241254034. [PMID: 39043197 DOI: 10.1177/21501351241254034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect without major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) is an uncommon form of congenital heart disease. As more patients with congenital heart disease live to adulthood, the objective of this article was to review the long-term results of this specific population. METHODS A review of the PubMed database was performed using pertinent key words (pulmonary atresia, tetralogy of Fallot, conduit, right ventricle-pulmonary artery) concentrating on studies from 1990-present and published in English. Most studies of pulmonary atresia-ventricular septal defect patients included those with and without MAPCAs. Analysis included examination of the entire cohort, consideration of the proportion of patients with MAPCAs, and any subgroup analysis of the patients without MAPCAs. RESULTS Survival is approximately 80% at ten years and is improved with complete repair and larger pulmonary arteries. Some studies have found genetic syndromes and extracardiac anomalies to impact survival, while others have not. Incomplete repair has been shown to be associated with worse survival. Independent of initial management strategy, patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defects without MAPCAs require repeat intervention on the right ventricular outflow tract. Hypoplastic pulmonary arteries have been shown to be a risk factor for reintervention, and decreased conduit durability has been shown with younger age at implantation of conduit. CONCLUSIONS Long-term outcomes have improved for patients with pulmonary atresia-ventricular septal defect without MAPCAs, with complete repair and adequate pulmonary arteries favorable for survival. Long-term outcomes include reinterventions, both catheter-based and surgical, predominantly on the right ventricular outflow tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A Dearani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William R Miranda
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason H Anderson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine/Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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2
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Patel K, Gajjar T. Lesson learnt about right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt for older children and young adults with ventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia, and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 38:572-573. [PMID: 36050983 PMCID: PMC9424471 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-022-01380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Patel
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (affiliated to BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad), Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016 Gujarat India
| | - Trushar Gajjar
- Department of Paediatric Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (affiliated to BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad), Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016 Gujarat India
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3
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Ma M, Peng LF, Zhang Y, Wise-Faberowski L, Martin E, Hanley FL, McElhinney DB. Relation Between Pulmonary Artery Pressures Measured Intraoperatively and at One-Year Catheterization After Unifocalization and Repair of Tetralogy with Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 34:1013-1025. [PMID: 35092847 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To assess the relationships between pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and the PA:aortic systolic pressure ratio measured intraoperatively and at surveillance catheterization in patients achieving complete unifocalization and repair for tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (TOF/MAPCAs). This was a single-center retrospective cohort analysis of all patients who underwent complete repair of TOF/MAPCAs from 2002-2019 and received a postoperative surveillance catheterization at our center 6-24 months after surgery. Associations between intraoperative and catheter hemodynamic data were analyzed. 163 patients were included. Median systolic PA pressure was 30 (quartiles 26, 35) and 35 (28, 42) mmHg intraoperatively and at catherization respectively; systolic aortic pressure 90 (86, 100) and 84 (76, 92); and PA:aortic pressure ratio was 0.33 (0.28, 0.40) and 0.41 (0.34, 0.49). Moderate correlation was found between the intraoperative and catheter-based hemodynamics, with the majority of systolic PA pressures within 10mmHg and PA:Ao systolic ratios within 0.1. Changes in the ratio were influenced to a similar degree by differences in PA and aortic pressures. Surgical and/or catheter reinterventions were more common in patients with both higher intraoperative PA systolic pressure and PA:aortic systolic ratios and in those with greater discrepancy between intraoperative and catheterization values. PA systolic pressure and the PA:aortic systolic pressure ratio measured immediately after repair remain useful metrics for assessing the initial operative PA reconstruction, and as indicators of longer term hemodynamics. Initially elevated and subsequently discrepant PA systolic pressure and PA:aortic systolic pressure ratios were associated with higher rates of reintervention. (Figure 7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ma
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program; Stanford University School of Medicine, Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery.
| | - Lynn F Peng
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program; Stanford University School of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics.
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program; Stanford University School of Medicine, Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery.
| | - Lisa Wise-Faberowski
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program; Stanford University School of Medicine, Departments of Anesthesia.
| | - Elisabeth Martin
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program; Stanford University School of Medicine, Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery.
| | - Frank L Hanley
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program; Stanford University School of Medicine, Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery.
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program; Stanford University School of Medicine, Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery.
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4
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Sames-Dolzer E, Fahrnberger A, Kreuzer M, Mair R, Gierlinger G, Tulzer A, Gitter R, Prandstetter C, Tulzer G, Mair R. Outcome of patients with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1077863. [PMID: 36793501 PMCID: PMC9922747 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1077863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tetralogy of Fallot patients with pulmonary atresia (TOFPA) have a largely varying source of pulmonary perfusion with often hypoplastic and even absent central pulmonary arteries. A retrospective single center study was undertaken to assess outcome of these patients regarding type of surgical procedures, long-term mortality, achievement of VSD closure and analysis of postoperative interventions. METHODS 76 consecutive patients with TOFPA operated between 01.01.2003 and 31.12.2019 are included in this single center study. Patients with ductus dependent pulmonary circulation underwent primary single stage full correction including VSD closure and right ventricular to pulmonary conduit implantation (RVPAC) or transanular patch reconstruction. Children with hypoplastic pulmonary arteries and MAPCAs without double supply were predominantly treated by unifocalization and RVPAC implantation. The follow up period ranges between 0 and 16,5 years. RESULTS 31 patients (41%) underwent single stage full correction at a median age of 12 days, 15 patients could be treated by a transanular patch. 30 days mortality rate in this group was 6%. In the remaining 45 patients the VSD could not be closed during their first surgery which was performed at a median age of 89 days. A VSD closure was achieved later in 64% of these patients after median 178 days. 30 days mortality rate after the first surgery was 13% in this group. The estimated 10-year-survival rate after the first surgery is 80,5% ± 4,7% showing no significant difference between the groups with and without MAPCAs (p > 0,999). Median intervention-free interval (surgery and transcatheter intervention) after VSD closure was 1,7 ± 0,5 years [95% CI: 0,7-2,8 years]. CONCLUSIONS A VSD closure could be achieved in 79% of the total cohort. In patients without MAPCAs this was possible at a significant earlier age (p < 0,01). Although patients without MAPCAs predominantly underwent single stage full correction at newborn age, the overall mortality rate and the interval until reintervention after VSD closure did not show significant differences between the two groups with and without MAPCAs. The high rate of proven genetic abnormalities (40%) with non-cardiac malformations did also pay its tribute to impaired life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sames-Dolzer
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Anna Fahrnberger
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Michaela Kreuzer
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Mair
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Gregor Gierlinger
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Tulzer
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Gitter
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Prandstetter
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Tulzer
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Mair
- Division of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
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5
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van de Woestijne PC, Romeo JL, van Beynum I, Witsenburg M, Mokhles MM, Bogers AJ. Homograft durability after correction of pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect with or without systemic pulmonary collateral arteries. JTCVS OPEN 2021; 8:546-555. [PMID: 36004083 PMCID: PMC9390670 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD), with or without systemic pulmonary collateral arteries (SPCAs), represents a complex anatomic and surgical spectrum of congenital heart disease. Currently, there is limited evidence on homograft durability after complete correction, which potentially could be affected by anatomic differences in pulmonary vasculature. Methods This retrospective single-center study included all 69 consecutive PA-VSD patients (46 with SPCAs, 23 without SPCAs) operated on between 1978 and 2018. The primary interest was in homograft durability after complete repair. Longitudinal echocardiographic homograft function and right ventricular systolic pressure were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. Results The median duration of follow-up was 20 years. Of the 46 patients with SPCAs, 37 (80.4%) underwent biventricular correction at a median age of 2.7 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.8-6.3 years). Two patients are currently awaiting unifocalization and correction. All 23 patients without SPCAs underwent successful complete correction at a median age of 1.6 years (IQR, 1.1-3.6 years). Freedom from any reintervention after 20 years was 15%. When a homograft was used during correction, freedom from homograft replacement after 20 years was comparable in the 2 groups (P = .925), at 32 ± 11% in the SPCA group and 32 ± 13% in the non-SPCA group. Indications for homograft replacement were isolated stenosis (n = 7; 46.7%), isolated regurgitation (n = 3; 20.0%), and mixed stenosis and regurgitation (n = 5; 33.3%) in the SPCA group and isolated stenosis (n = 8; 88.9%) and stenosis and regurgitation (n = 1; 11.1%) in the non-SPCA group. Peak homograft gradient was significantly (P = .0003) higher in patients without SPCA, with a comparable rate of progression in the 2 groups. However, the prevalence of severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) was higher in patients with SPCAs, estimated at 35% at 10 years, compared with 15% in patients without SPCAs. Conclusions Homografts used for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in patients with PA-VSD, either with or without SPCAs, have similar limited durability. Repeated reintervention is common, and careful follow-up with attention to severe PR is warranted.
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6
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Adamson GT, McElhinney DB, Zhang Y, Feinstein JA, Peng LF, Ma M, Algaze CA, Hanley FL, Perry SB. Angiographic Anatomy of Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries and Association With Early Surgical Outcomes in Tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017981. [PMID: 33283588 PMCID: PMC7955371 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Due in part to the heterogeneity of the pulmonary circulation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs), research on this condition has focused on relatively basic anatomic characteristics. We aimed to detail pulmonary artery (PA) and MAPCA anatomy in a large group of infants, assess relationships between anatomy and early surgical outcomes, and consider systems for classifying MAPCAs. Methods and Results All infants ( <1 year of age) undergoing first cardiac surgery for tetralogy of Fallot/MAPCAs from 2001 to 2019 at Stanford University were identified. Preoperative angiograms delineating supply to all 18 pulmonary segments were reviewed for details of each MAPCA and the arborization and size of central PAs. We studied 276 patients with 1068 MAPCAs and the following PA patterns: 152 (55%) incompletely arborizing PAs, 48 (17%) normally arborizing PAs, 45 (16%) absent PAs, and 31 (11%) unilateral MAPCAs. There was extensive anatomic variability, but no difference in early outcomes according to PA arborization or the predominance of PAs or MAPCAs. Patients with low total MAPCA and/or PA cross-sectional area were less likely to undergo complete repair. Conclusions MAPCA anatomy is highly variable and essentially unique for each patient. Though each pulmonary segment can be supplied by a MAPCA, central PA, or both, all anatomic combinations are similarly conducive to a good repair. Total cross-sectional area of central PA and MAPCA material is an important driver of outcome. We elucidate a number of novel associations between anatomic features, but the extreme variability of the pulmonary circulation makes a granular tetralogy of Fallot/MAPCA classification system unrealistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Adamson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA.,Clinical and Translational Research Program Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart CenterStanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Program Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart CenterStanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA
| | - Jeffrey A Feinstein
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA
| | - Lynn F Peng
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA
| | - Michael Ma
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA
| | - Claudia A Algaze
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA
| | - Frank L Hanley
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA
| | - Stanton B Perry
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA
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7
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Barron DJ, Kutty RS, Stickley J, Stümper O, Botha P, Khan NE, Jones TJ, Drury NE, Brawn WJ. Unifocalization cannot rely exclusively on native pulmonary arteries: the importance of recruitment of major aortopulmonary collaterals in 249 cases†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 56:679-687. [PMID: 30891593 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to define the early and late outcomes of unifocalization based on a classification of the native pulmonary artery (nPA) system and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) with a policy of combined recruitment and rehabilitation and to analyse the role of unifocalization by leaving the ventricular septal defect (VSD) open with a limiting right ventricle-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit in borderline cases. METHODS An analysis of 271 consecutive patients assessed for unifocalization at a single institution between 1988 and 2016 was performed. Patients were classified according to the pulmonary blood supply: group A, unifocalization based on nPA only; group B, based on nPA and MAPCAs; group C, MAPCAs only (absent nPAs). RESULTS Unifocalization was achieved in 249 (91.9%) cases with an early mortality of 2.8%. Group A included 72 (28.9%) patients, group B 119 (47.8%) patients and group C 58 (23.3%) patients with no difference in early survival between groups. Survival at 5, 10 and 15 years was 90.0% (85.9-94.3), 87.2% (83.5-91.2) and 82.3% (75.2-89.9), respectively. Late survival in groups A and B was similar but 10- and 15-year survival in group C decreased to 79.2% (68.2-92.1) and 74.3% (61.1-90.4) (P = 0.02), respectively. A mean of 1.9 (±0.6) MAPCAs were recruited per patient (range 0-6). The VSD was left open with a limiting RV-PA conduit in 97 (39.0%) cases, but subsequently closed in 48 patients, giving a total of 200 (80.3%) patients achieving VSD closure (full repair). Delaying VSD closure was not associated with increased risk for early or late survival. A central shunt to rehabilitate the nPAs was used in 56 (22.5%) cases. This was associated with a reduction in the number of MAPCAs recruited, but still required a mean of 1.8 (±0.5) MAPCAs recruited per patient to achieve unifocalization. In multivariate risk analysis, those suitable for single-stage full repair had the best long-term outcomes. Group C anatomy was associated with poor late survival compared to groups A and B (hazard ratio 2.7). CONCLUSIONS Survival is maximized by a combined approach of rehabilitation and recruitment. MAPCAs should always be recruited if they supply areas with absent nPA supply. A strategy of leaving the VSD open with a limiting RV-PA conduit is a safe and effective way of managing borderline cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Barron
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ramesh S Kutty
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - John Stickley
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Oliver Stümper
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Phil Botha
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natasha E Khan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy J Jones
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nigel E Drury
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - William J Brawn
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Ganigara M, Sagiv E, Buddhe S, Bhat A, Chikkabyrappa SM. Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia: Anatomy, Physiology, Imaging, and Perioperative Management. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 25:208-217. [DOI: 10.1177/1089253220920480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) with pulmonary atresia (ToF-PA) is a complex congenital heart defect at the extreme end of the spectrum of ToF, with no antegrade flow into the pulmonary arteries. Patients differ with regard to the sources of pulmonary blood flow. In the milder spectrum of disease, there are confluent branch pulmonary arteries fed by ductus arteriosus. In more severe cases, however, the ductus arteriosus is absent, and the sole source of pulmonary blood flow is via major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). The variability in the origin, size, number, and clinical course of these MAPCAs adds to the complexity of these patients. Currently, the goal of management is to establish pulmonary blood flow from the right ventricle (RV) with RV pressures that are ideally less than half of the systemic pressure to allow for closure of the ventricular septal defect. In the long term, patients with ToF-PA are at higher risk for reinterventions to address pulmonary arterial or RV-pulmonary artery conduit stenosis, progressive aortic root dilation and aortic insufficiency, and late mortality than those with less severe forms of ToF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Ganigara
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eyal Sagiv
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sujatha Buddhe
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aarti Bhat
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Ma M, Zhang Y, Wise-Faberowski L, Lin A, Asija R, Hanley FL, McElhinney DB. Unifocalization and pulmonary artery reconstruction in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries who underwent surgery before referral. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 160:1268-1280.e1. [PMID: 32444187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to characterize and analyze outcomes in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries who had undergone surgery elsewhere before referral (prereferral surgery). METHODS Patients with tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries who underwent surgery between 2001 and 2019 at our center were reviewed. Prereferral surgery and unoperated patients were compared, as were subsets of prereferral surgery patients who had undergone different types of prior procedures. Primary outcomes included complete repair with survival to 6 months, death, and perioperative metrics. RESULTS Of 576 patients studied, 200 (35%) had undergone a wide range and number of prior operations elsewhere, including 92 who had pulmonary blood supply through a shunt and 108 who had a right ventricle pulmonary artery connection. Patients who underwent prereferral surgery with an existing right ventricle pulmonary artery connection had undergone more prereferral surgery procedures than those with a shunt and were more likely to have a right ventricle outflow tract pseudoaneurysm or pulmonary artery stent (all P < .001) at the time of referral. The cumulative incidences of complete repair and death were similar regardless of prereferral surgery status, but the cumulative incidence of complete repair with 6-month survival was higher (P = .002) and of death lower (P = .18) in patients who had prior right ventricle pulmonary artery connection compared with those who had received a prior shunt only. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive management strategy for tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries can be applied with excellent procedural results in both unoperated patients and those who have undergone multiple and varied procedures elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Lisa Wise-Faberowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Ritu Asija
- Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Frank L Hanley
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
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10
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Current era outcomes of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: A single center cohort in Thailand. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5165. [PMID: 32198468 PMCID: PMC7083910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) is a complex cyanotic congenital heart disease with a wide-range of presentations and treatment strategies, depending on the source of pulmonary circulation, anatomy of pulmonary arteries (PAs), and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). Data about the outcomes in developing countries is scarce. We therefore conducted a retrospective study to assess survival rates and mortality risks of 90 children with PA/VSD at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand during 2005-2016. Patients with single ventricle were excluded. Survival and mortality risks were analyzed at the end of 2018. The median age of diagnosis was 0.5 (0-13.8) years. The patients' PAs were categorized into four groups: 1) PA/VSD with confluent PAs (n = 40), 2) PA/VSD with confluent PAs and MAPCAs (n = 21), 3) PA/VSD with non-confluent PAs and MAPCAs (n = 12), and 4) PA/VSD with small native PAs and MAPCAs (n = 17). Of the 88 patients who underwent operations, 32 patients had complete repair at 8.4 ± 4.6 years old. During the follow-up [median time of 5.7 years (7 days-13.6 years)], 17 patients (18.9%) died. The survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years of age were 95%, 83.7%, and 79.6%, respectively. Significant mortality risks were the presence of associated anomalies and non-confluent PAs.
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11
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Zhou J, Zhou Q, Peng Q, Zhang R, Tang W, Zeng S. Fetal pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: Features, associations, and outcome in fetuses with different pulmonary circulation supply types. Prenat Diagn 2019; 39:1047-1053. [PMID: 31351012 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess features and outcome in fetuses with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD). METHODS Fetuses with PA-VSD were prospectively enrolled and grouped on the basis of the pulmonary blood supply, including type A (only arterial duct [DA]), type B (both DA and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries [MAPCAs] present), and type C (MAPCAs only). The echocardiography features, associated chromosomal/genetic malformations, and postnatal outcome were compared among the three groups. RESULTS Fifty-five fetuses with PA-VSD were enrolled. The presence of confluent PAs varied, with the highest displaying rate in type A and lowest rate in type C (100% vs 41.1%). The intrapericardial pulmonary arteries in all groups were hypoplastic but smaller in types B and C than in type A (P < .05). Deletion of 22q11.2 and right aortic arch were more frequently observed in types B and C than in type A. At the end of the study, overall survival rates in type C were lower than those in type A (22.1% vs 77.3%). CONCLUSION There are great differences in the size of pulmonary arteries, associated genetic malformations, and perinatal outcomes among fetuses with PA-VSD. These results could be used for family counseling and surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qichang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghai Peng
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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A Review of the Management of Pulmonary Atresia, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 108:601-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Bauser-Heaton H, Ma M, Wise-Faberowski L, Asija R, Shek J, Zhang Y, Peng LF, Sidell DR, Hanley FL, McElhinney DB. Outcomes After Initial Unifocalization to a Shunt in Complex Tetralogy of Fallot With MAPCAs. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 107:1807-1815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Patel K, Rajan SK, Garg P, Gajjar T, Mishra A, Kumar R, Rana Y, Ananthnarayan C, Sharma P, Patel S. Mid-Term Outcome of Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Shunt for Older Children and Young Adults With Ventricular Septal Defect, Pulmonary Atresia, and Hypoplastic Pulmonary Arteries. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 31:837-844. [PMID: 31136797 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Management strategy for patients of ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia (VSD/PA) with hypoplastic pulmonary arteries presenting in late childhood or adolescence is still controversial. We present our experience with the use of right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt (RV-PA) in management of this entity. Between January 2014 and April 2018, 25 patients of VSD/PA underwent valveless RV-PA shunt at our center. The size of the RV to PA shunt was calculated as half the expected diameter of the main pulmonary artery. We retrospectively reviewed the data from hospital records. Follow-up data were recorded from outpatient records or via telephone. Mean age of the cohort was 12.25 ± 3.18 years. There was 1 early and 1 interstage mortality. None of the patient developed acute renal failure, ventricular dysfunction, and arrhythmias. At interstage follow-up of 8.28 ± 3.7 months, both Nakata index (from 66.23 ± 24.12 to 185.8 ± 58 mm2/m2) and McGoon ratio (0.9 ± 0.22 vs 49 1.84 ± 0.4) increased significantly compared to preoperative value, whereas RPA-LPA ratio was not significantly changed (1.095 ± 0.39 vs 1.01 ± 0.56, P = 0.63). Prerepair pulmonary vascular resistance in 17 patients, who underwent complete repair, was 2.9 ± 0.69 woods unit/m2. Postrepair right ventricle-left ventricle pressure ratio was 0.5 ± 0.14. There was no early or late mortality and none of the patient required conduit revision or VSD fenestration. On follow-up of 25.75 ± 17.94 months, 16 patients were in NYHA I and 1 patient was in NYHA II. Appropriate-sized RV-PA shunt is an effective strategy for achieving balanced pulmonary artery growth in VSD/PA with hypoplastic pulmonary arteries presenting late without the risk of pulmonary over circulation or systemic malperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Patel
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Rajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Trushar Gajjar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Yashpal Rana
- Department of Radiology, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Chadrashekharan Ananthnarayan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pranav Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Research, U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
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15
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Bauser-Heaton H, Ma M, McElhinney DB, Goodyer WR, Zhang Y, Chan FP, Asija R, Shek J, Wise-Faberowski L, Hanley FL. Outcomes After Aortopulmonary Window for Hypoplastic Pulmonary Arteries and Dual-Supply Collaterals. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 108:820-827. [PMID: 30980823 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our institutional approach to tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) emphasizes early unifocalization and complete repair (CR). In the small subset of patients with dual-supply MAPCAs and confluent but hypoplastic central pulmonary arteries (PAs), our surgical approach is early creation of an aortopulmonary window (APW) to promote PA growth. Factors associated with successful progression to CR and mid-term outcomes have not been assessed. METHODS Clinical data were reviewed. PA diameters were measured offline from angiograms prior to APW and on follow-up catheterization >1 month after APW but prior to any additional surgical interventions. RESULTS From November 2001 to March 2018, 352 patients with tetralogy of Fallot/MAPCAs underwent initial surgery at our center, 40 of whom had a simple APW with or without ligation of MAPCAs as the first procedure (median age, 1.4 months). All PA diameters increased significantly on follow-up angiography. Ultimately, 35 patients underwent CR after APW. Nine of these patients (26%) underwent intermediate palliative operation between 5 and 39 months (median, 8 months) after APW. There were no early deaths. The cumulative incidence of CR was 65% 1 year post-APW and 87% at 3 years. Repaired patients were followed for a median of 4.2 years after repair; the median PA:aortic pressure ratio was 0.39 (range, 0.22 to 0.74). CONCLUSIONS Most patients with tetralogy of Fallot/MAPCAs and hypoplastic but normally arborizing PAs and dual-supply MAPCAs are able to undergo CR with low right ventricular pressure after APW early in life. Long-term outcomes were good, with acceptable PA pressures in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Bauser-Heaton
- Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Michael Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Doff B McElhinney
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
| | - William R Goodyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Frandics P Chan
- Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ritu Asija
- Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jennifer Shek
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Lisa Wise-Faberowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Frank L Hanley
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Yeo L, Markush D, Romero R. Prenatal diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia using: Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE). J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:3699-3702. [PMID: 30001653 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1484088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia, a severe form of tetralogy of Fallot, is characterized by the absence of flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries. This cardiac abnormality is challenging and complex due to its many different anatomic variants. The main source of variability is the pulmonary artery anatomy, ranging from well-formed, confluent pulmonary artery branches to completely absent native pulmonary arteries replaced by major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) that provide all of the pulmonary blood flow. Since the four-chamber view is usually normal on prenatal sonography, the diagnosis may be missed unless additional cardiac views are studied. Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE) is a novel method developed recently that allows automatic generation of nine standard fetal echocardiography views in normal hearts by applying "intelligent navigation" technology to spatiotemporal image correlation volume datasets. We report herein for the first time, two different cases of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia having variable sources of pulmonary blood flow in which the prenatal diagnosis was made successfully using the FINE method. Virtual Intelligent Sonographer Assistance (VIS-Assistance®) and automatic labeling (both features of FINE) were very helpful in making such diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lami Yeo
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Detroit Medical Center , Hutzel Women's Hospital , Detroit , MI , USA.,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Dor Markush
- d Department of Pediatrics , Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD and Detroit , MI , USA.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,f Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.,g Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
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17
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Ikai A. Surgical strategies for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect associated with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 66:390-397. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-018-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Lenoir M, Pontailler M, Gaudin R, Gerelli S, Tamisier D, Bonnet D, Murtuza B, Vouhé PR, Raisky O. Outcomes of palliative right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018. [PMID: 28633393 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the early, intermediate and long-term outcomes of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) Types I, II and III initially palliated by a right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RVPA) connection. METHODS We performed a retrospective study from 2000 to 2014 that included 109 patients with PA/VSD who had undergone an RVPA connection (tetralogy of Fallot and PA/VSD Type IV excluded). The end-points of this strategy were adequate pulmonary artery tree post-palliation, second palliation, biventricular repair, right ventricular pressure post-biventricular repair and late reoperation. Mean follow-up was 5.4 years (1 day to 14-78 years). RESULTS Early mortality after an RVPA connection was 2.7% (3 of 109). The interstage mortality rate was 6.6% (7 of 106). Eighty-four (77%) patients had a biventricular repair and 8 patients (7%) are awaiting repair. Overall survival was 90% at 1 year and 81% at 10 years. The RVPA connection allowed significant growth of the native pulmonary artery with a Nakata index of 101 mm2/m2 before the RVPA connection and 274 mm2/m2 after (P = 0.001). Twenty-nine reinterventions for restrictive pulmonary blood flow have been done (9 before 2 months and 20 after 2 months). Of the 84 patients who had a repair, 22 patients (26%) initially had a right ventricular pressure greater than 40 mmHg. Twenty-eight patients (33%) required late reoperation. CONCLUSIONS Hospital deaths after the RVPA connection were low. The procedure allowed good growth of the native pulmonary artery. Biventricular repair was possible in a large number of cases. The late morbidity rate remains significant. Early reinterventions could be avoided by appropriate calibration. This technique appears to be suitable for any type of PA/VSD with central pulmonary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marien Lenoir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Pontailler
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Régis Gaudin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Gerelli
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tamisier
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Paris Descartes and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bari Murtuza
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pascal R Vouhé
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Raisky
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
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19
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Pulmonary reinterventions after complete unifocalization and repair in infants and young children with tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collaterals. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:1696-1707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Impact of Pulmonary Flow Study Pressure on Outcomes After One-Stage Unifocalization. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104:2080-2086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Bauser-Heaton H, Borquez A, Han B, Ladd M, Asija R, Downey L, Koth A, Algaze CA, Wise-Faberowski L, Perry SB, Shin A, Peng LF, Hanley FL, McElhinney DB. Programmatic Approach to Management of Tetralogy of Fallot With Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10:CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004952. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.116.004952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a complex and heterogeneous condition. Our institutional approach to this lesion emphasizes early complete repair with the incorporation of all lung segments and extensive lobar and segmental pulmonary artery reconstruction.
Methods and Results—
We reviewed all patients who underwent surgical intervention for tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCHS) since November 2001. A total of 458 patients underwent surgery, 291 (64%) of whom underwent their initial procedure at LPCHS. Patients were followed for a median of 2.7 years (mean 4.3 years) after the first LPCHS surgery, with an estimated survival of 85% at 5 years after first surgical intervention. Factors associated with worse survival included first LPCHS surgery type other than complete repair and Alagille syndrome. Of the overall cohort, 402 patients achieved complete unifocalization and repair, either as a single-stage procedure (n=186), after initial palliation at our center (n=74), or after surgery elsewhere followed by repair/revision at LPCHS (n=142). The median right ventricle:aortic pressure ratio after repair was 0.35. Estimated survival after repair was 92.5% at 10 years and was shorter in patients with chromosomal anomalies, older age, a greater number of collaterals unifocalized, and higher postrepair right ventricle pressure.
Conclusions—
Using an approach that emphasizes early complete unifocalization and repair with incorporation of all pulmonary vascular supply, we have achieved excellent results in patients with both native and previously operated tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Bauser-Heaton
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Alejandro Borquez
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Brian Han
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Michael Ladd
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Ritu Asija
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Laura Downey
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Andrew Koth
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Claudia A. Algaze
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Lisa Wise-Faberowski
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Stanton B. Perry
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Andrew Shin
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Lynn F. Peng
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Frank L. Hanley
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Doff B. McElhinney
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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Lara DA, Ethen MK, Canfield MA, Nembhard WN, Morris SA. A population-based analysis of mortality in patients with Turner syndrome and hypoplastic left heart syndrome using the Texas Birth Defects Registry. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2016; 12:105-112. [PMID: 27685952 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is strongly associated with Turner syndrome (TS); outcome data when these conditions coexist is sparse. We aimed to investigate long-term survival and causes of death in this population. METHODS The Texas Birth Defects Registry was queried for all live born infants with HLHS during 1999-2007. We used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses to compare survival among patients with HLHS with TS (HLHS/TS+) to patients who had HLHS without genetic disorders or extracardiac birth defects (HLHS/TS-). RESULTS Of the 542 patients with HLHS, 11 had TS (2.0%), 71 had other extracardiac birth defects or genetic disorders, and 463 had neither. The median follow-up time was 4.2 y (interquartile range [IQR] 2.1-6.5). Comparing those with HLHS/TS+ to HLHS/TS-, 100% versus 35% were female (P < .001), and median birth weight was 2140 g (IQR 1809-2650) versus 3196 g (IQR 2807-3540, P < .001). Neonatal mortality was 36% in HLHS/TS+ versus 27% in HLHS/TS- (log rank = 0.431). Ten of the 11 TS+ patients died during the study period for cumulative mortality of 91% versus 50% (hazard ratio (HR) for TS+: 2.90, 95% CI 1.53-5.48). Six patients died prior to surgery, 5 underwent Stage 1 palliation (S1P), 3 died after S1P, 2 survived past S2P, and one of these died at age 19 mo. The underlying cause of death was listed as congenital heart disease on all the death certificates of HLHS/TS+ patients. In multivariable analysis controlling for low birth weight (<2500 g), TS remained associated with significantly increased cumulative mortality, although females without TS had higher mortality than males (HR for TS+ versus males: 2.42, 95% CI 1.24-4.73; HR for TS- females versus males: 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.83). CONCLUSION TS with HLHS is associated with significant mortality. The increased mortality in females without documented TS calls to question if TS is undetected in a portion of females with HLHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Lara
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary K Ethen
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mark A Canfield
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Shaine A Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Van Puyvelde J, Meyns B, Rega F. Pulmonary atresia and a ventricular septal defect: about size and strategy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:1419-20. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kaskinen AK, Happonen JM, Mattila IP, Pitkänen OM. Long-term outcome after treatment of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: nationwide study of 109 patients born in 1970–2007. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:1411-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Saygi M, Ergul Y, Tola HT, Ozyilmaz I, Ozturk E, Onan IS, Haydin S, Erek E, Yeniterzi M, Guzeltas A, Odemis E, Bakir I. Factors affecting perioperative mortality in tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:832-9. [PMID: 25807889 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the preoperative, operative and postoperative risk factors affecting early mortality in patients who underwent total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). METHODS One hundred and twenty-two TOF patients who underwent reparative surgery between January 2010 and November 2013 were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Mean patient age and weight was 2.3 ± 2.5 years and 11.3 ± 6.4 kg, respectively. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 101 patients (83%),and coronary anomalies were found in 11 patients. Mean McGoon index, pulmonary annulus z-score, main pulmonary artery z-score, left pulmonary artery z-score and right pulmonary artery z-score were 2.0 ± 0.4, -1.85 ± 1.54, -2.84 ± 2.06, 1.17 ± 1.73, and 0.74 ± 1.57, respectively. Total reparative surgery with a transannular patch was performed in 97 patients (79.6%); the rest underwent valve-sparing surgery. Median duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, intensive care and hospital stay were 19 h, 3 days and 9 days, respectively. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was required in 10 patients in the postoperative early period. Arrhythmias occurring in the early postoperative period were junctional ectopic tachycardia (n = 13), complete atrioventricular block(n = 10; permanent epicardial pacemaker implanted in four) and ventricular tachycardia (n = 4). Nine patients died in the early postoperative period (7.3%). Parameters found to be associated with increased mortality were low preoperative oxygen saturation; high right ventricular/aortic pressure ratio immediately after surgery; presence of coronary anomaly; requirement of postoperative ECMO; and pacemaker (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, P = 0.01, P = 0.0001, P = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Poor preoperative oxygenation, presence of coronary anomaly, complete AV block in the early postoperative period, high RV pressure and requirement of ECMO appear to be the most significant factors that affect early mortality in the surgical treatment of TOF. Appropriate preoperative assessment, correct surgical strategies and attentive intensive care monitoring are required in order to reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Saygi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yakup Ergul
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Tahsin Tola
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isa Ozyilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkut Ozturk
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismihan Selen Onan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sertac Haydin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Erek
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yeniterzi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Guzeltas
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ender Odemis
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Bakir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Cardiovascular Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Centella Hernández T, Stanescu D, Stanescu S. Atresia pulmonar con comunicación interventricular. CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.circv.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex has been linked to differential outcomes for cardiovascular disease in adults. We examined potential sex differences in outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed data from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (1982-2007) by using logistic regression to evaluate the effects of sex on 30-day within-hospital mortality after pediatric (<18 years old) cardiac operations and its interaction with age, risk category, z-score for weight, and surgical year for the whole cohort. Of 76 312 operations, 55% were in boys. Unadjusted mortality was similar for boys and girls (5.2% versus 5.0%, P=0.313), but boys were more likely to have cardiac surgery as a neonate and to have more complex operations. After adjustment, the overall test of any association between postsurgical mortality and sex was significant (P=0.002), but the overall test of any interaction was not (P=0.503). However, a potential age-dependent sex effect on postsurgical mortality was observed among infants subjected to high-risk operations, with girls doing worse during the first 6 months of life. CONCLUSIONS Patient sex has a significant effect on mortality after pediatric cardiac operations, with an increased risk of death in early infancy for girls after high-risk cardiac operations. This age-dependent relationship supports a sex-related biological effect on postoperative cardiovascular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros K Kochilas
- Pediatric Heart Center, University of Minnesota Amplatz Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
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Zhang Y, Hua Z, Yang K, Zhang H, Yan J, Wang X, Chu J, Ma K, Li S. Outcomes of the rehabilitative procedure for patients with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries beyond the infant period. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:297-303; discussion 303. [PMID: 24420372 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect and safeness of the right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection with occlusion of major aortopulmonary collaterals and pulmonary artery angioplasty to rehabilitate the hypoplastic pulmonary arteries in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect beyond the infant period. METHODS From December 2009 to August 2012, 37 consecutive patients (mean age 1.9 ± 1.7 years, range 0.6-7.2 years) diagnosed with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect and pulmonary artery hypoplasia (Nakata index 90.9 ± 42.6 mm(2)/m(2); McGoon ratio 1.0 ± 0.2) were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent the procedure of right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection, during which most of them received transcatheter occlusion of major aortopulmonary collaterals and/or pulmonary angioplasty. Mean follow-up was 1.6 ± 0.8 years (range 0.6-3.3 years). Continuous variables are expressed as means ± standard deviation. RESULTS There were no early deaths, but one patient died of myocarditis 1 year after the rehabilitation. Significant pulmonary artery growth was obtained (Nakata index 215.1 ± 95.1 mm(2)/m(2), P < 0.001; McGoon ratio 1.6 ± 0.5, P < 0.001) in all of the 37 patients, and among them, 17 patients (45.9%) whose pulmonary growth was considered adequate obtained a complete repair without perforation of the ventricular septal defect. The preoperative McGoon ratio might be a good predictor for adequate pulmonary growth. There was one early death after anatomical repair. At the last visit, all survivors who underwent anatomical repair were in New York Heart Association class I-II with satisfactory haemodynamics. CONCLUSIONS Connection of the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery is safe and effective to promote the growth of the native pulmonary arteries in patients with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect and hypoplastic native pulmonary arteries. Ultimately, this strategy allows complete repair in the majority of patients beyond infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junmin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Grosse-Wortmann L, Yoo SJ, van Arsdell G, Chetan D, Macdonald C, Benson L, Honjo O. Preoperative total pulmonary blood flow predicts right ventricular pressure in patients early after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 146:1185-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gerelli S, van Steenberghe M, Murtuza B, Bojan M, Harding ED, Bonnet D, Vouhé PR, Raisky O. Neonatal right ventricle to pulmonary connection as a palliative procedure for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect or severe tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 45:278-88; discussion 288. [PMID: 24047707 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection (RVPA connection) without prosthetic material has been our ideal strategy to palliate pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD) or severe tetralogy of Fallot for the last decade. We speculate that RVPA connection ensures adequate postoperative haemodynamics for symptomatic neonates and promotes pulmonary artery rehabilitation. The present study was undertaken to assess the outcome of this strategy. METHODS Between 2000 and 2010, among 107 patients who benefited from an RVPA connection, 57 were neonates. Forty-eight of these underwent autologous tissue reconstruction, 5 using left atrial appendage. Median weight was 2.9 kg (range 1.8-4.4). Median Nakata index was 100 mm2/m2 (range 17-185 mm2/m2); 12% had major aortopulmonary collaterals. All patients were reviewed retrospectively. End-points were death or complete repair; reintervention for restrictive pulmonary blood flow was considered as failure. At follow-up, we evaluated reintervention after complete repair, and quality of life. RESULTS There were 2 early deaths (RV hypoplasia and RV failure) and 3 late sudden deaths (range 3-6 months). Pulmonary blood flow required to be increased in 8 patients: 4 underwent shunt after a median delay of 1 month; RVPA connection enlargement was needed in 3; 1 patient had percutaneous angioplasty. Finally, 47 patients (81%) had a complete repair, of which 70% were performed without prosthetic material at a median age of 7 months (range 2-53), with a median Nakata index of 221 mm2/m2 (range 102-891). One patient died early and 1 was a failure with opening of the VSD after intracardiac repair. At last follow-up, 4 patients were still awaiting repair, with 1 late death and 5 who had required reintervention after intracardiac repair; there were 3 conduit replacements and 2 balloon dilatation patch enlargements. CONCLUSIONS The neonatal RVPA connection approach (i) provides an acceptable survival rate with a satisfactory haemodynamic adaptation, (ii) facilitates rehabilitation of PAs and (iii) avoids the use of prosthetic graft at correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Gerelli
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité and Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France
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Rodriguez FH, Moodie DS, Parekh DR, Franklin WJ, Morales DL, Zafar F, Adams GJ, Friedman RA, Rossano JW. Outcomes of Heart Failure-Related Hospitalization in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease in the United States. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2012; 8:513-9. [DOI: 10.1111/chd.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred H. Rodriguez
- Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Surgery; Houston Tex USA
- Sibley Heart Center Cardiology and Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Douglas S. Moodie
- Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Surgery; Houston Tex USA
| | - Dhaval R. Parekh
- Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Surgery; Houston Tex USA
| | - Wayne J. Franklin
- Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Surgery; Houston Tex USA
| | - David L.S. Morales
- The Heart Institute; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Farhan Zafar
- Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Surgery; Houston Tex USA
| | - Gerald J. Adams
- Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology and Congenital Heart Surgery; Houston Tex USA
| | - Richard A. Friedman
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology; New York NY USA
| | - Joseph W. Rossano
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine; Philadelphia Pa USA
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Genetic Syndromes and Outcome After Surgical Repair of Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94:1627-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pulmonary reperfusion injury after the unifocalization procedure for tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 144:184-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Recomendações da ESC para o tratamento da cardiopatia congénita no adulto (nova versão de 2010). Rev Port Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Antonetti I, Lorch D, Coe B, Maxey TS, Nallamshetty L, Dadlani GH, Berlowitz MS, Cohen AJ, Guglin ME. Unrepaired tetralogy of fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries in an adult patient. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2011; 8:E24-30. [PMID: 22176554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2011.00598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by a ventricular septal defect, a large, overriding aorta, subpulmonic stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy. These lesions can be associated with abnormal development of the pulmonary vasculature. This can include peripheral pulmonic stenosis, discontinuous pulmonary arteries, anomalous pulmonary venous return, and the development of aortopulmonary collateral vessels. Aortopulmonary collateral vessels develop to supply underperfused areas of the pulmonary bed and pose a unique and challenging problem at the time of surgical repair, which involves closure of the ventricular septal defect, relief of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, maintenance of pulmonary valve competency when possible, and establishment of laminar pulmonary blood flow to all segments of the pulmonary bed. We describe a 36-year-old man with unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot with distinctive aortopulmonary collaterals, who underwent complete surgical repair with good outcome. Two-dimensional echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiac catheterization each provided vital details allowing a stepwise approach to defining his unique anatomy for surgical correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illena Antonetti
- Department of Cardiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
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36
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Dragulescu A, Kammache I, Fouilloux V, Amedro P, Métras D, Kreitmann B, Fraisse A. Long-term results of pulmonary artery rehabilitation in patients with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary artery hypoplasia, and major aortopulmonary collaterals. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142:1374-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The pressure wire has emerged as a useful tool to assess the clinical severity of moderate coronary artery lesions. We report a novel use of the pressure wire in adult patients with complex congenital cardiac disease in whom it was used in assessing pressures beyond the stenosis in the distal pulmonary artery, aorto-pulmonary collaterals, and across prosthetic tricuspid valves, where conventional catheters were unable to reach. We used this in three of our patients for assessment of pulmonary artery pressures and in two patients for assessment of pressures across a prosthetic St Jude® valve. Out of the three patients referred for assessment, only two had significantly raised distal pulmonary pressures enabling them to receive appropriate therapy. Out of the two patients with a prosthetic tricuspid valve, only one required surgery based on this assessment. We describe a novel use of the pressure wire in the functional assessment of adults with congenital cardiac disease in whom conventional catheter techniques may not be able to provide adequate data. It can be a guide to provide appropriate therapy and avoid unnecessary interventions in this patient group.
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Baumgartner H, Bonhoeffer P, De Groot NMS, de Haan F, Deanfield JE, Galie N, Gatzoulis MA, Gohlke-Baerwolf C, Kaemmerer H, Kilner P, Meijboom F, Mulder BJM, Oechslin E, Oliver JM, Serraf A, Szatmari A, Thaulow E, Vouhe PR, Walma E, Bax J, Ceconi C, Dean V, Filippatos G, Funck-Brentano C, Hobbs R, Kearney P, McDonagh T, Popescu BA, Reiner Z, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Vardas P, Widimsky P, McDonagh T, Swan L, Andreotti F, Beghetti M, Borggrefe M, Bozio A, Brecker S, Budts W, Hess J, Hirsch R, Jondeau G, Kokkonen J, Kozelj M, Kucukoglu S, Laan M, Lionis C, Metreveli I, Moons P, Pieper PG, Pilossoff V, Popelova J, Price S, Roos-Hesselink J, Uva MS, Tornos P, Trindade PT, Ukkonen H, Walker H, Webb GD, Westby J. ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010). Eur Heart J 2010; 31:2915-57. [PMID: 20801927 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1521] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Baumgartner
- Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease Center (EMAH-Zentrum) Muenster, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, D-48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Unifocalization of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect is essential to achieve excellent outcomes irrespective of native pulmonary artery morphology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 138:1269-75.e1. [PMID: 19846121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a complex lesion with a high rate of natural attrition. We evaluated the outcomes of our strategy of unifocalization in the management of these patients. METHODS From 1989 to 2008, 216 patients entered a pathway aiming for complete repair by unifocalizing major aortopulmonary arteries to a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit with ventricular septal defect closure. Where ventricular septation was not possible, definitive repair was considered to include pulmonary artery reconstruction and a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit or systemic shunt. Native pulmonary artery morphology was classified into confluent intrapericardial (n = 139), confluent intrapulmonary (n = 51), and nonconfluent intrapulmonary (n = 26). RESULTS A total of 203 patients (85%) had definitive repair at a median age of 2.0 years. There was no statistically significant difference in survival after complete repair among the 3 morphologic pulmonary artery groups (P = .18). A total of 132 patients (56%) had complete repair with ventricular septal defect closure, as a single procedure in 111 patients and a staged procedure in 21 patients. Focalization of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries with proven long-term patency with the right ventricle was associated with a survival benefit compared with 14 patients in whom unifocalization was not possible and who had only systemic shunts. Overall survival was 89% at 3 years after definitive repair. During follow-up, 190 patients required 196 catheter reinterventions and 60 surgical reinterventions. CONCLUSION By using a strategy of unifocalization, intrapericardial pulmonary artery reconstruction, and right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit, excellent long-term survival can be achieved in this group of patients even in the absence of native intrapericardial pulmonary arteries.
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Januszewska K, Malec E, Juchem G, Kaczmarek I, Sodian R, Uberfuhr P, Reichart B. Heart-lung transplantation in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 138:738-43. [PMID: 19698864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart-lung transplantation for patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect is challenging. The aim of the study was to present a single-center experience with heart-lung transplantation in this difficult group of patients. METHODS A retrospective review identified 9 patients aged 4.1 to 45.6 years (median, 25.4 years) with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect who underwent heart-lung transplantation. Four (44.4%) patients had previous heart operations: 3 of them had palliative procedures (systemic-to-pulmonary shunts), and 1 had multistage correction. A standard transplantation method was used, with the exception of 1 patient with heterotaxy syndrome who underwent a modified operation. Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries were controlled by using various techniques. RESULTS Follow-up ranged between 2 days and 12.6 years (median, 1.2 years). The hospital mortality rate was 22.2% (n = 2). In the late postoperative period, 3 patients died. The survival curve was similar to that of patients with other diagnoses undergoing heart-lung transplantation. The median length of intensive care unit stay was 58 days (range, 22-82 days), and the median length of hospital stay was 83 days (range, 35-136 days). The most common early complication was bleeding requiring re-exploration. In all cases the bleeding was proved to be from collateral vessels. CONCLUSIONS Heart-lung transplantation in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect requires carefully planned and meticulously performed surgical intervention. This management should be taken into consideration as a future option if the specific anatomy is uncorrectable in early childhood, and the palliative procedures should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Januszewska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia is a heterogeneous group of defects, characterised by diverse sources of flow of blood to the lungs, which often include multiple systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries. Controversy surrounds the optimal method to achieve a biventricular repair with the fewest operations while basing flow to the lungs on the native intrapericardial pulmonary arterial circulation whenever possible. We describe an individualized approach to this group of patients that optimizes these variables. METHODS Over a consecutive 10-year period, we treated 66 patients presenting with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia according to the source of the pulmonary arterial flow. Patients were grouped according to whether the flow of blood to the lungs was derived exclusively from the intrapericardial pulmonary arteries, as seen in 29 patients, exclusively from systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries, as in 5 patients, or from both the intrapericardial pulmonary and collateral arteries, as in the remaining 32 patients. We divided the latter group into 9 patients deemed simple, and 23 considered complex, according to whether the pulmonary arterial index was greater than or less than 90 millimetres squared per metre squared, and whether the number of collateral arteries was less than or greater than 2, respectively. RESULTS We achieved complete biventricular repair in 58 patients (88%), with an overall mortality of 3%. Repair was accomplished in a single stage in all patients without systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries, but was staged, with unifocalization, in the patients lacking intrapericardial pulmonary arteries. Complete repair without unifocalization was achieved in all patients with the simple variant of the mixed morphology, and in 56% of patients with the complex variant. The average number of procedures per patient to achieve complete repair was 1, 2.2, 3.8, and 2.6 in patients with exclusively native intrapericardial, simple and mixed, complex and mixed and exclusively collateral pulmonary arterial flow, respectively. CONCLUSIONS An individualized approach based on the morphology of the pulmonary arterial supply permits achievement of a high rate of complete intracardiac repairs, basing pulmonary arterial flow on the intrapericardial pulmonary arteries in the great majority of cases, and has a low rate of reoperation and mortality.
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Dearani JA, Burkhart HM, Stulak JM, Sundt TM, Schaff HV. Management of the aortic root in adult patients with conotruncal anomalies. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2009; 12:122-129. [PMID: 19349026 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Conotruncal anomalies such as tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, truncus arteriosus, and transposition of the great arteries are a group of congenital heart defects with abnormalities of the outflow tracts and great vessels. It is common for the ascending aorta and aortic root to be significantly dilated following initial repair of the conotruncal anomaly, and little information is available on the management of this increasing problem. Although there are few case reports of aortic dissection and rupture in the literature, it appears to be rare in the setting of a conotruncal anomaly and may be related to the absence of hypertension and smoking in many of these patients. The timing of operation with regard to the size of the aortic root is difficult. In the absence of a family history of aortic dissection or aneurysm, or documented rapid growth of the ascending aorta, we proceed with replacement of the ascending aorta when the size is > or = 55 mm. When the size of the ascending aorta is 5.0-5.5, treatment is individualized depending on the associated anomalies that need to be addressed, patient comorbidities, and life expectancy. In this group of patients we consider a simple reduction ascending aortoplasty. We generally proceed with root replacement and coronary reimplantation when there is effacement of the sinotubular junction, or when there is severe dilatation of the aortic root with an intact sinotubular junction. If the ascending aorta is > or = 55 mm with an intact sinotubular junction and the sinuses are < or = 4 cm, then we use a supracoronary tube graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Dearani
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Kyburz A, Bauersfeld U, Schinzel A, Riegel M, Hug M, Tomaske M, Valsangiacomo Büchel ER. The fate of children with microdeletion 22q11.2 syndrome and congenital heart defect: clinical course and cardiac outcome. Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 29:76-83. [PMID: 17906889 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-007-9074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the cardiac outcome for children with microdeletion 22q11.2 and congenital heart defect (CHD). METHODS A total of 49 consecutive children with 22q11.2 and CHD were retrospectively identified. The CHD consisted of tetralogy of Fallot and variances (n = 22), interrupted aortic arch (n = 10), ventricular septal defect (n = 8), truncus arteriosus (n = 6), and double aortic arch (n = 1). Extracardiac anomalies were present in 46 of 47 children. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 8.5 years (range, 3 months to 23.5 years). Cardiac surgical repair was performed for 35 children, whereas 5 had palliative surgery, and 9 never underwent cardiac surgery. The median age at repair was 7.5 months (range, 2 days to 5 years). The mean hospital stay was 35 days (range, 7-204 days), and the intensive care unit stay was 15 days (range, 3-194 days). Significant postoperative complications occurred for 26 children (74%), and surgery for extracardiac malformations was required for 21 patients (43%). The overall mortality rate was 22% (11/49), with 1-year survival for 86% and 5-year survival for 80% of the patients. A total of 27 cardiac reinterventions were performed for 16 patients (46%) including 15 reoperations and 12 interventional catheterizations. Residual cardiac findings were present in 25 patients (71%) at the end of the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Children with microdeletion 22q11.2 and CHD are at high risk for mortality and morbidity, as determined by both the severity of the cardiac lesions and the extracardiac anomalies associated with the microdeletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kyburz
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiessträsse.75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Samyn MM, Powell AJ, Garg R, Sena L, Geva T. Range of ventricular dimensions and function by steady-state free precession cine MRI in repaired tetralogy of Fallot: Right ventricular outflow tract patch vs. conduit repair. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 26:934-40. [PMID: 17896382 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the range of biventricular size and function evaluated by steady-state free precession (SSFP) cine magnetic resonance (MR) in a large cohort of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and to compare these measurements in those with a right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) patch vs. a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analysis of ventricular size and function in 300 consecutive examinations in patients with repaired TOF evaluated by SSFP cine MR. RESULTS Of the 300 examinations performed in 256 patients, 69% had undergone repair with a RVOT patch and 31% with a RV-PA conduit. Compared to patients with RV-PA conduit, those with a RVOT patch had significantly more pulmonary regurgitation (PR) (38 +/- 17 vs. 23 +/- 16%, P < 0.0001), larger indexed RV end-diastolic volume (154 +/- 53 vs. 133 +/- 51 mL/m(2), P = 0.002), similar indexed end-systolic volume (80 +/- 39 vs. 74 +/- 46 mL/m(2), P = 0.31), higher ejection fraction (EF) (50 +/- 9 vs. 47 +/- 12%, P = 0.037), and lower mass-to-volume ratio (0.29 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.36 +/- 0.13, P < 0.0001). Pulmonary regurgitation fraction correlated positively with RV end-diastolic volume index in the RVOT patch group (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001) but not in the RV-PA conduit. CONCLUSION This study provides the range and distribution of biventricular size and function, and PR measured by MRI in a large contemporary cohort of patients with repaired TOF, and demonstrates important variations in RV mechanics between patients repaired with a RVOT patch and those with an RV-PA conduit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Samyn
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Vricella LA, Kanani M, Cook AC, Cameron DE, Tsang VT. Problems with the right ventricular outflow tract: a review of morphologic features and current therapeutic options. Cardiol Young 2004; 14:533-49. [PMID: 15680076 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951104005116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Repair of complex malformations that necessitate restoration of continuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries can now safely be performed with low morbidity and mortality. Major concerns still remain on the long-term outlook for these patients, and about the durability of the different prostheses used to restore that continuity, whether during initial correction or at the time of reintervention for failure of the conduit or pulmonary regurgitation. In this review, we discuss the salient morphologic features of the right ventricular outflow tract, and then focus on the indications for early and late intervention, current therapeutic options, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca A Vricella
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-1824, USA. lvricella@jhmi@edu
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Miller-Hance WC, Tacy TA. Gender differences in pediatric cardiac surgery: the cardiologist's perspective. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 128:7-10. [PMID: 15224013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Griselli M, McGuirk SP, Winlaw DS, Stümper O, de Giovanni JV, Miller P, Dhillon R, Wright JG, Barron DJ, Brawn WJ. The influence of pulmonary artery morphology on the results of operations for major aortopulmonary collateral arteries and complex congenital heart defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 127:251-8. [PMID: 14752437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital heart defects with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries show marked variability in the size and distribution of native pulmonary arteries. We sought to classify the size and distribution of native pulmonary arteries and to determine their influence on surgical outcome. METHODS Between 1989 and 2002, 164 patients underwent surgical intervention for congenital heart defects with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (median age, 10 months). Three patterns of native pulmonary arteries were identified: intrapericardial native pulmonary arteries present (group I); confluent intrapulmonary native pulmonary arteries without intrapericardial native pulmonary arteries (group II); and nonconfluent intrapulmonary native pulmonary arteries (group III). Thirty-seven (23%) patients had single-stage and 76 (47%) patients had multistage complete repair. Thirty (18%) patients await septation, and 8 (5.0%) patients are not septatable. Follow-up is 98% complete (median follow-up, 5.8 years). RESULTS In the 164 patients there were 15 (9.1%) early and 12 (7.3%) late deaths. Early mortality after complete repair was 4.4% (n = 5). Actuarial survival was 90% +/- 3% and 85% +/- 4% at 1 and 10 years, respectively. Actuarial freedom from surgical or catheter reintervention in septated patients was 77% +/- 4% and 45% +/- 8% at 1 and 10 years, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the morphology of the native pulmonary arteries was the only factor that influenced actuarial survival after complete repair (P =.04). Group III had the highest risk of death after septation (P =.008). Group II fared better than group III after the initial operation (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS Current classifications of congenital heart defects with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries are based on the presence or absence of intrapericardial pulmonary arteries. We have identified a subgroup without intrapericardial native pulmonary arteries but with confluent intrapulmonary native pulmonary arteries. This group has a better outcome than those with nonconfluent intrapulmonary native pulmonary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Griselli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Diana, Princess of Wales Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Carotti A, Marino B, Di Donato RM. Influence of chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion on surgical outcome after treatment of tetralogy of fallot with pulmonary atresia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 126:1666-7. [PMID: 14666061 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(03)01196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sim JY, Alejos JC, Moore JW. Techniques and applications of transcatheter embolization procedures in pediatric cardiology. J Interv Cardiol 2003; 16:425-48. [PMID: 14603802 DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8183.2003.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter embolization of congenital or acquired superfluous vascular structure has become routine procedures performed by interventional pediatric cardiologists. Embolization procedure is often part of a collaborative effort with cardiac surgeons to palliate complex congenital heart defect, such as in embolizing aortopulmonary collateral arteries in patient with single ventricle physiology. In other cases, the procedure is the definitive treatment as in embolizing coronary artery fistula. Pediatric cardiologists performing embolization procedures should be familiar with available technologies as well as understand the underlying cardiac anatomy and pathophysiology. This article provides a comprehensive review of presently available embolization agents and technologies. Some of the technologies are used only by interventional radiologists but may be useful to pediatric cardiologists. Specific clinical applications in pediatric cardiology are also discussed with summary of current literature. With continue advancement in transcatheter technology and operator expertise, all unwanted vascular communication should be amenable to transcatheter embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y Sim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mattel Children's Hospital, UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1743, USA
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50
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Marshall AC, Love BA, Lang P, Jonas RA, del Nido PJ, Mayer JE, Lock JE. Staged repair of tetralogy of Fallot and diminutive pulmonary arteries with a fenestrated ventricular septal defect patch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126:1427-33. [PMID: 14666015 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(03)01182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with tetralogy of Fallot and diminutive pulmonary arteries are at risk for suprasystemic right ventricular pressure and right ventricular failure after complete repair. We report the short-term outcome and medium-term follow-up after using a fenestrated ventricular septal defect patch as a component of staged repair in selected patients. METHODS We reviewed 47 patients with tetralogy of Fallot and diminutive pulmonary arteries whose ventricular septal defect patch was fenestrated, either electively or as a rescue technique, at a single institution between 1984 and 2001. RESULTS Early mortality was 10.6% and occurred only in patients who underwent rescue fenestration. Review of medium-term follow-up (median, 39 months) revealed 4 late deaths; an additional 4 patients experienced right ventricular failure despite fenestration. Most (7/8) of these late events occurred in patients who underwent planned fenestration. Excessive left-to-right shunt through the fenestration developed in only 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS Fenestrated patch closure of the ventricular septal defect in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and diminutive pulmonary arteries resulted in 10.6% early mortality. Used preemptively in selected patients, this technique is associated with no surgical mortality and a low incidence of excessive left-to-right shunt (4%). Early survivors remain at risk for late death and right ventricular failure despite fenestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C Marshall
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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