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Neitz A, Jiang X, Kuchenbecker JA, Domdei N, Harmening W, Yan H, Yeonan-Kim J, Patterson SS, Neitz M, Neitz J, Coates DR, Sabesan R. Effect of cone spectral topography on chromatic detection sensitivity. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2020; 37:A244-A254. [PMID: 32400553 PMCID: PMC7231539 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.382384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and spectral topography of the cone mosaic set the limits for detection and discrimination of chromatic sinewave gratings. Here, we sought to compare the spatial characteristics of mechanisms mediating hue perception against those mediating chromatic detection in individuals with known spectral topography and with optical aberrations removed with adaptive optics. Chromatic detection sensitivity in general exceeded previous measurements and decreased monotonically for increasingly skewed cone spectral compositions. The spatial grain of hue perception was significantly coarser than chromatic detection, consistent with separate neural mechanisms for color vision operating at different spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Neitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - James A. Kuchenbecker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Niklas Domdei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolf Harmening
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hongyi Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jihyun Yeonan-Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Sara S. Patterson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Maureen Neitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jay Neitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Daniel R. Coates
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, USA
| | - Ramkumar Sabesan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K. Shevell
- Departments of Psychology and Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Abstract
Color assimilation with bichromatic contours was quantified for spatial extents ranging from von Bezold-type color assimilation to the watercolor effect. The magnitude and direction of assimilative hue change was measured as a function of the width of a rectangular stimulus. Assimilation was quantified by hue cancellation. Large hue shifts were required to null the color of stimuli < or = 9.3 min of arc in width, with an exponential decrease for stimuli increasing up to 7.4 deg. When stimuli were viewed through an achromatizing lens, the magnitude of the assimilation effect was reduced for narrow stimuli, but not for wide ones. These results demonstrate that chromatic aberration may account, in part, for color assimilation over small, but not large, surface areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Devinck
- Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Abstract
Chromatic assimilation is the shift in color appearance of a test field toward the appearance of nearby light. Possible explanations of chromatic assimilation include wavelength independent spread light, wavelength-dependent chromatic aberration and neural summation. This study evaluated these explanations by measuring chromatic assimilation from a concentric-ring pattern into an equal-energy-white background, as a function of the inducing rings' width, separation, chromaticity and luminance. The measurements showed, in the s direction, that assimilation was observed with different inducing-ring widths and separations when the inducing luminance was lower or higher than the test luminance. In general, the thinner the inducing rings and the smaller their separation, the stronger the assimilation in s. In the l direction, either assimilation or contrast was observed, depending on the ring width, separation and luminance. Overall, the measured assimilation could not be accounted for by the joint contributions from wavelength-independent spread light and wavelength-dependent chromatic aberration. Spatial averaging of neural signals explained the assimilation in s reasonably well, but there were clear deviations from neural spatial averaging for the l direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingcai Cao
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, 940 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
Chromatic assimilation is a shift toward the color of nearby light. Several studies conclude that a neural process contributes to assimilation but the neural locus remains in question. Some studies posit a peripheral process, such as retinal receptive-field organization, while others claim the neural mechanism follows depth perception, figure/ground segregation, or perceptual grouping. The experiments here tested whether assimilation depends on a neural process that follows stereoscopic depth perception. By introducing binocular disparity, the test field judged in color was made to appear in a different depth plane than the light that induced assimilation. The chromaticity and spatial frequency of the inducing light, and the chromaticity of the test light, were varied. Chromatic assimilation was found with all inducing-light sizes and chromaticities, but the magnitude of assimilation did not depend on the perceived relative depth planes of the test and inducing fields. We found no evidence to support the view that chromatic assimilation depends on a neural process that follows binocular combination of the two eyes' signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Shevell
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abstract
Color induction was measured for test and inducing chromaticities presented in spatial square-wave alternation, with spatial frequencies of 0.7, 4.0, 6.0 and 9.0 cpd. Observers matched the test chromaticities to a rectangular matching field using haploscopic presentation. Data were collected and analyzed within the framework of a cone chromaticity space, allowing analysis of spatial frequency effects on post-receptoral spectral opponent pathways. Assimilation, a shift of chromaticity toward the inducing chromaticity, was found at the highest spatial frequency (9.0 cpd). Contrast, a shift of chromaticity away from the inducing chromaticity, occurred at the lowest spatial frequency (0.7 cpd). The spatial frequency at the transition point from assimilation to contrast was near 4 cpd, independent of the cone axis. Assimilation was unaffected by the presence of a neutral surround and could be described by a spread light model. Contrast was reduced in the presence of a neutral surround. The data suggested that retinal contrast signals are important determinants in the perception of chromatic contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Smith
- Visual Sciences Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Kruger PB, Mathews S, Aggarwala KR, Yager D, Kruger ES. Accommodation responds to changing contrast of long, middle and short spectral-waveband components of the retinal image. Vision Res 1995; 35:2415-29. [PMID: 8594811 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(94)00316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We simulated the effects of longitudinal (axial) chromatic aberration and defocus on contrast of the long-, middle- and short-wavelength components of the retinal image to determine whether the effects of chromatic aberration are sufficient to drive accommodation. Accommodation was monitored continuously while subjects (12) viewed a 3 c/deg white sine-wave grating (0.92 contrast) in a Badal stimulus system. The contrasts (amplitudes) of the red, green and blue components of the white grating changed independently to simulate a grating oscillating from 1 D behind the retina to 1 D in front of the retina at 0.2 Hz. Subjects responded strongly to the chromatic simulation but poorly to a luminance control. The results support the hypothesis that focus is specified by the contrast of spectral-wavebands of the retinal image, and that conventional color mechanisms, monitoring chromatic contrast at luminance borders (1-8 c/deg), mediate the signals that specify dioptric vergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Kruger
- Schnurmacher Institute for Vision Research, State College of Optometry, State University of New York, NY 10010, USA
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Abstract
A pincushion formed by four arcs on a gray background looks darker when the arcs are black, and lighter when the arcs are white. Yet, a matching-experiment shows that this difference is relative. Whereas the apparently darker pincushion requires a matching luminance that is lower than the background luminance (i.e. assimilation), the apparently lighter pincushion curiously is also matched to a darker-than-background value (i.e. simultaneous contrast). A change-over in direction of a higher luminance occurs only at the lowest contrast. The size of the decrement required for matching the brightness of the pincushions increases with increasing contrast of the inducing stimulus, as well as with viewing distance. Assimilation is found also in the domain of color, however, only when the luminance of the colored inducers is below that of the background. Analogous asymmetries in the perception of darkness and lightness are discussed.
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