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Innes DJ, Hudson NJ, Anderson ST, Poppi DP, Quigley SP. Differential voluntary feed intake and whole transcriptome profiling in the hypothalamus of young sheep offered CP and phosphorus-deficient diets. Animal 2023; 17:100973. [PMID: 37738703 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A reduction in voluntary feed intake is observed in ruminants consuming nutrient-deficient diets, such as those with a low CP or P content, and has been attributed to active metabolic regulation, rather than a physical constraint. The hypothalamus is the key integrator of feed intake regulation in mammals. The objectives of this experiment were to (1) establish a model of metabolic feed intake regulation in ruminants consuming diets of variable CP and P content, and (2) determine key biochemical pathways and influential points of regulation within the hypothalamus. Merino wethers [n = 40; 23.7 ± 1.4 kg liveweight (mean ± SD)] were fed one of five dietary treatments (n = 8/treatment) for 63 days in individual pens. The treatments included targeted combinations of high (H) and low (L) CP (110 and 55 g/kg DM) and high and low P (2.5 and 0.7 g/kg DM) with 9 MJ metabolisable energy (ME) per kg DM which were fed ad libitum (UMEI; unrestricted ME intake) resulting in four experimental diets (HCP-HP-UMEI, LCP-HP-UMEI, HCP-LP-UMEI and LCP-LP-UMEI). An additional nutritional treatment (HCP-HP-RMEI) restricted intake of the HCP-HP diet to an equivalent ME intake of wethers consuming the LCP-LP-UMEI treatment. Wethers offered the LCP-HP-UMEI, HCP-LP-UMEI and LCP-LP-UMEI treatments consumed 42, 32 and 49% less total DM (P ≤ 0.05), respectively than the HCP-HP-UMEI treatment, and this was not attributable to any physical limitation of the rumen. Plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen and inorganic phosphate indicated that these nutrient deficiencies were successfully established. To assess potential mechanisms, RNA-seq was conducted on samples from the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial hypothalamus and lateral hypothalamus of the wethers, yielding a total of 301, 8 and 148 differentially expressed genes across all pairwise comparisons, respectively. The expression of NPY, AGRP and CARTPT, known for their regulatory role in mammalian feed intake regulation, had a similar transcriptional response in the ARC of wethers consuming nutrient-deficient treatments and those consuming a ME-restricted treatment, despite these wethers expressing behaviours indicative of satiated and hungry states, respectively. In addition, genes involved with glycolysis (TPI1), the citric acid cycle (CS, OGDH, GLUD1, GOT1) and oxidative phosphorylation (COX5A, ATP5MC1, ATP5F1B, ATP5MC3) were downregulated in the ARC of wethers fed a nutrient deficient (LCP-LP-UMEI) relative to the non-deficient (HCP-HP-UMEI) treatment. In summary, a model for voluntary feed intake restriction was established to determine genome-wide molecular changes in the hypothalamus of young ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Innes
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - N J Hudson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - S T Anderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - D P Poppi
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - S P Quigley
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
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Schild CO, Boabaid FM, Olivera LGS, Armendano JI, Saravia A, Custodio A, Algorta J, Alvarez C, Jaurena M, Dixon RM, Riet-Correa F. Response of cows with osteomalacia grazing sub-tropical native pastures to phosphorus supplementation with loose mineral mix or feed blocks. Vet J 2023; 298-299:106013. [PMID: 37355009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteomalacia outbreaks often occur in cattle grazing native pastures in regions with endemic phosphorous (P) deficiency. This study evaluated the responses of two groups of cows, initially with clinical signs of chronic P deficiency, to P supplements (100 g P/kg) offered ad libitum for 13 weeks as a loose mineral mix (LMM group) or the same mineral mix offered as blocks (BMM group). Half of the cows in each group were categorized as 'with' or 'without' severe osteopenia according to a test that depended on the resistance to penetration of a needle through the left lateral process of the L4-L5 lumbar vertebra. The groups grazed two paddocks that were switched each 3 weeks. The liveweight, supplement intakes, and the P-concentrations in soil, forage, blood, and external cortical bone (ECB) of the ribs were measured. The bicarbonate-extractable P in soil was 3.5 mg/kg. The mean of total P in forage (0.95 g/kg/DM), inorganic P in serum (iP, 0.96 mmol/L), and total P in the ECB of the ribs (85 mg/mL) at the beginning of the experiment were all low and consistent with severe chronic P deficiency. The P supplementation allowed clinical recovery in 18/20 cows with their serum and ECB P and calcium approaching normal values and in the two remaining cows the only sign was abnormal gait. Cows consumed more of the LMM than BMM supplement (means 8.3 and 6.6 g P/day, respectively). After 13 weeks cows initially classified as 'with severe osteopenia' and supplemented with LMM had higher (P < 0.05) final liveweight (difference = 21.6 kg), iP (difference = 0.74 mmol/L), bone Ca (difference = 65.7 mg/mL) and bone P (difference = 26.5 mg/mL) concentrations and lower (P < 0.01) final serum Ca/iP ratio (difference = -0.65) than cows with severe osteopenia but supplemented with BMM. The treatment of severe P deficiency cows grazing P deficient sub-tropical grasslands by P supplementation for 13 weeks was more effective with LMM than BMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Schild
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal (PSA), Estación Experimental (EE) Tacuarembó, Ruta 5, km 386, Tacuarembó 45000, Uruguay; California Animal Health Food Safety, University of California Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA
| | - F M Boabaid
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario, Instituto Superior de la Carne, Sede Tacuarembó, CENUR Noreste, Universidad de la República, Ruta 5, km 386, Tacuarembó 45000, Uruguay
| | - L G S Olivera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal (PSA), Estación Experimental (EE) Tacuarembó, Ruta 5, km 386, Tacuarembó 45000, Uruguay
| | - J I Armendano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - A Saravia
- INIA, PSA, EE La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - A Custodio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal (PSA), Estación Experimental (EE) Tacuarembó, Ruta 5, km 386, Tacuarembó 45000, Uruguay
| | - J Algorta
- Barraca Deambrosi S.A., Av. Rondeau 2257, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - C Alvarez
- Laboratorio Analítico Agroindustrial, Ruta 90 km 5, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - M Jaurena
- INIA, Programa Nacional de Investigación en Pasturas y Forrajes, EE Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - R M Dixon
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - F Riet-Correa
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 41405-000, Brazil.
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3
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Silva AS, Cortinhas CS, Acedo TS, Morenz MJF, Lopes FCF, Arrigoni MB, Ferreira MH, Jaguaribe TL, Ferreira LD, Gouvêa VN, Pereira LGR. Effects of feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 with an acidogenic diet during the prepartum period in dairy cows: Mineral metabolism, energy balance, and lactation performance of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5796-5812. [PMID: 35570040 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], or vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) on plasma, mineral, and metabolite concentrations, mineral balance, mineral excretion, rumination, energy balance, and milk production of dairy cows. We hypothesized that supplementing 3 mg/d of 25(OH)D3 during the prepartum period would be more effective than supplementing vitamin D3 at the National Research Council (2001) levels to minimize calcium imbalance during the transition period and improve milk production of dairy cows. Forty multiparous, pregnant nonlactating-Holstein cows were enrolled in this study. Body weight, body condition score, parity, and milk yield in the previous lactation (mean ± standard deviation) were 661 ± 59.2, 3.46 ± 0.35, 1.79 ± 0.87, and 33.2 ± 6.43 kg/d, respectively. Cows were enrolled into the blocks (n = 20 for each treatment) at 30 d of the expected day of calving to receive an acidogenic diet (373 g/kg of neutral detergent fiber and 136 g/kg of crude protein, dry matter basis; -110 mEq/kg) associated with the treatments: (1) control (CTRL), vitamin D3 at 0.625 mg/d (equivalent to 25,000 IU of vitamin D3/d) or (2) 25(OH)D3 at 3 mg/d (equivalent to 120,000 IU of vitamin D3/d). All cows were fed with the base ration for 49 d after calving. Blood samples were taken on d 7, 0, 1, 2, 21, and 42, relative to calving. No effect of treatment was observed for prepartum dry matter intake or body condition score. A trend for increase of ionized Ca was observed for the cows fed 25(OH)D3, compared with the CTRL, but no effect of treatment was detected for total Ca or total P. Feeding 25(OH)D3 increased colostrum yield. The plasmatic concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was increased with 25(OH)D3 supplementation. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation increased plasma glucose concentration at parturition. The postpartum dry matter intake was not influenced by treatments. Feeding 25(OH)D3 increases milk yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, and energy-corrected milk and improves milk yield components in early lactation. Overall, these findings suggest that 25(OH)D3 at 3 mg/d can improve the energy metabolism and lactation performance, compared with the current-feeding practice of supplementing vitamin D3 at 0.625 mg/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Silva
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, 18618-68, Brazil
| | - C S Cortinhas
- DSM Nutritional Products, São Paulo, SP, 04543-907, Brazil
| | - T S Acedo
- DSM Nutritional Products, São Paulo, SP, 04543-907, Brazil
| | - M J F Morenz
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil.
| | - F C F Lopes
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - M B Arrigoni
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, 18618-68, Brazil
| | - M H Ferreira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - T L Jaguaribe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - L D Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - V N Gouvêa
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo 79106
| | - L G R Pereira
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil
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SHORT COMMUNICATION: A potential new biomarker to monitor the phosphorus balance in dry dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Qiu X, Qin X, Chen L, Chen Z, Hao R, Zhang S, Yang S, Wang L, Cui Y, Li Y, Ma Y, Cao B, Su H. Serum Biochemical Parameters, Rumen Fermentation, and Rumen Bacterial Communities Are Partly Driven by the Breed and Sex of Cattle When Fed High-Grain Diet. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020323. [PMID: 35208778 PMCID: PMC8878564 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization in bovines is practiced with the main aim of improving production performance, which may imply the microbial variations in the rumen from the parental breed cross to their progeny. Besides, the interactions of offspring breed with sex in terms of rumen bacteria are not clear. This study aims to evaluate the variations in rumen bacterial communities in different breeds and sexes, and the correlations among fattening performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen fermentation. Forty-two 19.2 ± 0.67-month-old beef cattle (390 ± 95 kg of initial body weight) comprising two genetic lines (Yiling and Angus × Yiling) and two sexes (heifers and steers) were raised under the same high-grain diet for 120 d. On the last two days, blood samples were collected from each animal via the jugular vein before morning feeding for analyzing serum biochemical parameters; rumen fluid samples were obtained via esophageal intubation 2 h after morning feeding for analyzing rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial communities. The results show that both breed and sex had a certain impact on fattening performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen fermentation. No differences in the diversity and structure of rumen bacterial communities were observed. Significant interactions (p < 0.05) of breed and sex were observed for Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001. The relative abundances of the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, and Succinivibrio were different (p < 0.05) between breeds. Heifers had a higher (p = 0.008) relative abundance of the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group than steers. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship (p < 0.05) of rumen bacteria with serum biochemical parameters, rumen pH, and rumen fermentation patterns. Additionally, only two genera, Prevotellaceae UCG-003 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, had positive correlations with feed efficiency. In conclusion, serum biochemical parameters, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacterial communities are partly driven by the breed and sex of cattle fed a high-grain diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Liming Chen
- Hubei Fulljoywo Agricultural Development Company Limited, Yichang 443000, China;
| | - Zhiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Rikang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Shunran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yafang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yiheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-010-6273-3850 (B.C.); +86-010-6281-4346 (H.S.)
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China; (X.Q.); (X.Q.); (Z.C.); (R.H.); (S.Z.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-010-6273-3850 (B.C.); +86-010-6281-4346 (H.S.)
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Silva LFP, Muller J, Cavalieri J, Fordyce G. Immediate prepartum supplementation accelerates progesterone decline, boosting passive immunity transfer in tropically adapted beef cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wächter S, Cohrs I, Golbeck L, Wilkens MR, Grünberg W. Effects of restricted dietary phosphorus supply to dry cows on periparturient calcium status. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:748-760. [PMID: 34656353 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Restricted dietary P supply to transition dairy cows has recently been reported to beneficially affect the Ca balance of periparturient cows. The objective of the present study was to determine whether this effect on the Ca balance can be reproduced when limiting the P-restricted feeding to the last 4 wk of gestation. A total of 30 dairy cows in late pregnancy were randomly assigned to a dry cow diet with either low or adequate P content (0.16 and 0.30% P in DM, respectively) to be fed in the 4 wk before expected calving. After calving, all cows received the same lactating cow ration with adequate P content (0.46% P in DM). Blood was collected daily from 4 d antepartum until calving, at calving (d 0), 6 and 12 h after calving (d +0.25 and d +0.5, respectively) and on days +1, +2, +3, +4 and +7 relative to calving. Blood gas analyses were conducted to determine the concentration of ionized Ca in whole blood ([Ca2+]), and plasma was assayed for concentrations of inorganic phosphorus ([Pi]), total calcium, parathyroid hormone ([PTH]), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ([1,25-(OH)2D3]), and CrossLaps ([CTX]), a biomarker for bone resorption (Immunodiagnostic Systems GmbH). Repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to study treatment, time, and lactation number effects. The mean [Ca2+] in P-deprived cows remained above the threshold of 1.10 mmol/L throughout the study, and values were higher compared with cows on adequate P supply between d 0 and d +2 and on d +4. The [Ca2+] differed between treatments at the sampling times d 0, d +0.25, d +0.5, d +2, and d +4. Plasma [PTH] and [1,25-(OH)2D3] did not differ between treatments, but P-deprived cows had greater [CTX] than cows with adequate P supply at d +1, d +2, and d +7. These results indicate that restricted dietary P supply to during the last 4 wk of the dry period improves the Ca homeostasis of these cows in the first days of lactation, an effect that seems to be primarily driven by increased bone tissue mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wächter
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - I Cohrs
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, 67728 Münchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - L Golbeck
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - M R Wilkens
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - W Grünberg
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hanover, Germany.
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Zaiko O, Nazarenko A, Strizhkova M, Zheltikov A, Konovalova T. Correlation of phosphorus level with macro- and microelements in the bristles of Landrace pigs. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213606031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented results expand the understanding of the normal chemical composition of the body. The study was carried out on the basis of a pig-breeding farm in the Altai Territory in 2016-2020 on clinically healthy 6-month-old pigs of the Landrace breed. Chemical analysis of pig bristles was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The data were processed using Statistica 8 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). A study of the correlations between phosphorus in bristles and other macro-, microelements, as well as chemical elements associated with phosphorus, has been carried out. Only positive connections of different strengths have been established between phosphorus and elements involved in the formation of bone tissue (calcium, magnesium, manganese), copper, iron and strontium. There are two groups of direct interactions of different strengths between the chemical elements associated with phosphorus. Explained supposedly the essence of the connections, which is consistent in the bristle, as the final site of exchange, with organs and tissues of mammals.
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Silva TACC, Quigley SP, Kidd LJ, Anderson ST, McLennan SR, Poppi DP. Effect of a high crude protein content diet during energy restriction and re-alimentation on animal performance, skeletal growth and metabolism of bone tissue in two genotypes of cattle. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247718. [PMID: 33630953 PMCID: PMC7906379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diet crude protein (CP) content and metabolisable energy (ME) intake on skeletal growth and associated parameters of growing steers prior to and during compensatory growth in weight and catch-up growth in skeletal elongation. The experiment was a factorial design with two cattle genotypes [Brahman crossbred (BX, 178 ± 6 kg) and Holstein-Friesian (HF, 230 ± 34 kg)] and three nutritional treatments; high CP content and high ME intake (HCP-HME), high CP content and low ME intake (HCP-LME) and low CP content and low ME intake (LCP-LME) with the ME intake of HCP-LME matched to that of LCP-LME. Nutritional treatments were imposed over a 103 d period (Phase 1), and after this, all steers were offered ad libitum access to the HCP-HME nutritional treatment for 100 d (Phase 2). Steers fed the high CP content treatment with a low ME intake, showed higher hip height gain (P = 0.04), larger terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes (P = 0.02) and a higher concentration of total triiodothyronine in plasma (P = 0.01) than steers with the same ME intake of the low CP content treatment. In addition, the low CP treatment resulted in significant decreases in bone volume (P = 0.03), bone surface area (P = 0.03) and the concentration of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in plasma (P < 0.001) compared to steers fed the HCP-HME treatment. A significant interaction between genotype and nutritional treatment existed for the concentration of thyroxine (T4) in plasma where HF steers fed LCP-LME had a lower T4 concentration in plasma (P = 0.05) than BX steers. All steers with a restricted ME intake during Phase 1 demonstrated compensatory growth during Phase 2. However, HF steers fed the LCP treatment during Phase 1 showed a tendency (P = 0.07) for a greater LWG during Phase 2 without any increase in dry matter intake. Results observed at the growth plate and hip height growth suggest that catch-up growth in cattle may also be explained by the growth plate senescence hypothesis. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the results demonstrate that greater CP intake during ME restriction does not increase compensatory gain in cattle during re-alimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A. C. C. Silva
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon P. Quigley
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Lisa J. Kidd
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Stephen T. Anderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Stuart R. McLennan
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park, Australia
| | - Dennis P. Poppi
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
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Köhler OM, Grünberg W, Schnepel N, Muscher-Banse AS, Rajaeerad A, Hummel J, Breves G, Wilkens MR. Dietary phosphorus restriction affects bone metabolism, vitamin D metabolism and rumen fermentation traits in sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:35-50. [PMID: 33001513 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (Pi ) is maintained by a concerted interplay of absorption and reabsorption via the gastrointestinal tract and the kidney and by storage and mobilization from the bone regulated mainly by parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and calcitonin. The present study aimed at characterizing the effects of dietary P restriction on bone, vitamin D metabolism and rumen fermentation traits reflecting the endogenous P cycle maintaining the ruminal P supply for microbial metabolism. The experiments were done in eleven female, non-pregnant, non-lactating four- to nine-year-old Black Headed Mutton sheep allotted to two feeding groups: "P-restricted" (0.11% P/kg DM and 0.88% Ca/kg DM) and "Control" (0.38% P/kg DM and 0.88% Ca/kg DM). Dietary P restriction did not lead to hypophosphataemia, probably due to a compensation by bone mobilization, demonstrated by increased serum concentrations of a resorption marker and altered gene expression in bone tissue. In addition, the RNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 23, a bone-derived factor involved in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism, was significantly reduced with dietary P restriction. Furthermore, several genes related to vitamin D metabolism and plasma concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2 D were associated with serum concentrations of phosphate (Pi ). In the parotid gland, the expression of the Pi transporter NaPi2b was negatively associated with serum Pi and positively with parathyroid PTH expression. Although Pi concentrations in saliva and the gastrointestinal tract were significantly reduced, we found no adverse effects of the P-restricted ration on the production of short chain fatty acids, but slight differences in the production of butyrate as well as its relationship to rumen Pi and ammonia concentrations that might indicate an impact on ruminal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana M Köhler
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Walter Grünberg
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nadine Schnepel
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Alexandra S Muscher-Banse
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Abbas Rajaeerad
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jürgen Hummel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mirja R Wilkens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
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Lee SA, Lagos LV, Bedford MR, Stein HH. Increasing calcium from deficient to adequate concentration in diets for gestating sows decreases digestibility of phosphorus and reduces serum concentration of a bone resorption biomarker. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5801101. [PMID: 32150262 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that the concentration of Ca in diets fed to late gestating sows affects the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and retention of Ca and P, serum concentrations of Ca and P, hormones, and blood biomarkers for bone formation and resorption. Thirty-six sows (average parity = 2.8) were housed in metabolism crates from day 91 to day 104 of gestation and fed 1 of 4 experimental diets containing 25, 50, 75, or 100% of the requirement for Ca. All diets met the requirement for P. The initial 5 d of each period were the adaptation period, which was followed by 4 d of quantitative collection of feces and urine. At the end of the collection period, a blood sample was collected from all sows. Results indicated that feed intake, weights of dried fecal and urine samples, and the ATTD of DM were not affected by dietary Ca, but ATTD of Ca increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as Ca in diets increased. Urine Ca output was not affected by dietary Ca, but Ca retention increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as Ca intake increased. Fecal P output increased (linear, P < 0.001) as dietary Ca increased, which resulted in a linear decrease (P < 0.001) in the ATTD of P. Urine P output also decreased (linear, P < 0.001) as dietary Ca increased, but P retention increased (linear, P < 0.05). Regressing the apparent total tract digestible Ca against dietary Ca intake resulted in a regression line with a slope of 0.33, indicating that true total tract digestibility of Ca in calcium carbonate was 33%. Serum concentrations of Ca and P and estrogen, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone were not affected by dietary Ca. Serum concentration of carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) decreased (linear, P < 0.05) as dietary Ca increased, which is a result of reduced bone resorption as dietary Ca increased. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase tended to decrease (linear, P < 0.10) as Ca in diets increased, but the concentration of osteocalcin (OC) in serum was not affected by dietary Ca. The ratio between OC and CTX-I tended to increase (P < 0.10) as dietary Ca increased, which indicated that there was more bone formation than resorption in sows as dietary Ca increased. In conclusion, P digestibility in late gestating sows decreased, but retention of P increased, as dietary Ca increased from inadequate to adequate levels and blood biomarkers for bone resorption changed as Ca and P retention increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su A Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - L Vanessa Lagos
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | | | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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12
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Ro Y, Choi W, Park J, Choe E, Kim D. Changes in plasma pH and blood and urinary macromineral concentrations in experimentally induced hypocalcemic cows with Na 2EDTA. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:962-966. [PMID: 32448812 PMCID: PMC7399321 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to confirm the alterations of blood and urine parameters in artificially induced hypocalcemic cows. For a 2 × 2 cross-over design, four non-pregnant, non-lactating Holstein Friesian cows (623 ± 63 kg) were utilized. Cows in the treatment and control group were infused with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA) solution and normal saline through an intravenous catheter for 3 hr, respectively. Laboratory analyses included complete blood cell count, plasma chemistry, blood gas analysis and urine chemistry. During the hypocalcemic period, abnormal signs were not observed clinically, hematologically nor biochemically either in groups. But, plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations continued to decrease throughout Na2EDTA infusion, and significant group differences (P<0.05 or P<0.001) were detected until 5 hr after the initiation of infusion. Urinary excretions of these minerals were significantly reduced compared to the control group by 6 hr (Ca, P<0.05; Mg, P<0.001). Moreover, there is a significant group difference in the change in plasma pH at 1 hr after Na2EDTA infusion (P<0.05) and maintained a decreased level until 6 hr. Consequently, the blood pH was diminished simultaneously with hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia induction in cows infused with Na2EDTA. This phenomenon may be one of the mechanisms to recover normocalcemia including maximizing the effect of parathyroid hormone, however, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism to alter the blood pH in hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghye Ro
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Choi
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhui Choe
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Danil Kim
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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13
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Tomkins NW, Elliott R, McGrath JJ, Schatz T. Managing plasma P concentrations in beef heifers with a slow release vitamin D supplementation. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an17601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context In extensive northern grazing systems, supplementation of P is recommended to maximise cattle growth rates and reproduction. Improving the absorption of P for the animal by influencing metabolic pathways has the potential to improve both the productivity and profitability of extensive livestock enterprises. Aims This study evaluated the efficacy of rumen bolus containing 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), commercially available as Hy-D®, and/or monensin on blood P and Ca concentrations in young cattle. Methods A total of 84 heifers, initial liveweight (mean ± s.e.m.) 184 ± 2.0 kg, were allocated to four groups, dosed with one of four slow release bolus: (1) placebo (control), (2) monensin (120 mg/day), (3) Hy-D® (6 mg/day), or (4) monensin with Hy-D®, and managed on a common unimproved native pasture from August 2012 to February 2013. On four occasions postdosing, liveweight, hip height and body condition scores were recorded, and individual faecal and jugular blood samples were collected. Key results Supplementation with monensin had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on average daily gains for the first 25 days. Interactions between 25OHD and monensin and time × monensin were also significant (P < 0.05). After 188 days, heifers receiving monensin or 25OHD + monensin were 5 and 10 kg heavier respectively, compared with their counterparts in the control and 25OHD groups. Plasma P concentrations at 25 days were 6.6 mg/dL, then increased to between 8.5 and 9.0 mg/dL and maintained this level for up to 109 days with a bolus releasing 6.0 mg/day 25OHD. Conclusions The study demonstrated that sustained and elevated plasma concentrations of both 25OHD and P, compared with control animals, can be achieved. The slow release rumen bolus maintained an elevated plasma concentration of 25OHD, and indicated that a target plasma concentration for 25OHD for increasing P absorption in beef cattle is between 200 and 300 ng/mL. Implications Supplementation of a metabolite of vitamin D influences P metabolism in Brahman heifers under grazing conditions. Integration with standard supplementation practices would optimise growth rates and reproductive performance.
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Bowen MK, Chudleigh F, Dixon RM, Sullivan MT, Schatz T, Oxley T. The economics of phosphorus supplementation of beef cattle grazing northern Australian rangelands. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Phosphorus (P) deficiency occurs in beef cattle grazing many rangeland regions with low-P soils, including in northern Australia, and may severely reduce cattle productivity in terms of growth, reproductive efficiency and mortality. However, adoption of effective P supplementation by cattle producers in northern Australia is low. This is likely to be due to lack of information and understanding of the profitability of P supplementation where cattle are P-deficient.
Aims
The profitability of P supplementation was evaluated for two dissimilar regions of northern Australia, namely (1) the Katherine region of the Northern Territory, and (2) the Fitzroy Natural Resource Management (NRM) region of central Queensland.
Methods
Property-level, regionally relevant herd models were used to determine whole-of-business productivity and profitability over 30 years. The estimated costs and benefits of P supplementation were obtained from collation of experimental data and expert opinion of persons with extensive experience of the industry. The economic consequences of P supplementation at the property level were assessed by comparison of base production without P supplementation with the expected production of P-supplemented herds, and included the implementation phase and changes over time in herd structure. In the Katherine region, it was assumed that the entire cattle herd (breeders and growing cattle) grazed acutely P-deficient land types and the consequences of (1) no P supplementation, or P supplementation during (2) the dry season, or (3) both the wet and dry seasons (i.e. 3 scenarios) were evaluated. In the Fitzroy NRM region, it was assumed that only the breeders grazed P-deficient land types with three categories of P deficiency (marginal, deficient and acutely deficient), each with either (1) no P supplementation, or P supplementation during (2) the wet season, (3) the dry season, or (4) both the wet and dry seasons (i.e. 12 scenarios).
Key results
In the Katherine region, year-round P supplementation of the entire cattle herd (7400 adult equivalents) grazing acutely P-deficient pasture resulted in a large increase in annual business profit (+AU$500000). Supplementing with P (and N) only in the dry season increased annual business profit by +AU$200000. In the Fitzroy NRM region, P supplementation during any season of the breeder herd grazing deficient or acutely P-deficient pastures increased profit by +AU$2400–AU$45000/annum (total cattle herd 1500 adult equivalents). Importantly, P supplementation during the wet season-only resulted in the greatest increases in profit within each category of P deficiency, comprising +AU$5600, AU$6300 and AU$45000 additional profit per annum for marginal, deficient and acutely P-deficient herds respectively.
Conclusions
The large economic benefits of P supplementation for northern beef enterprises estimated in the present study substantiate the current industry recommendation that effective P supplementation is highly profitable when cattle are grazing P-deficient land types.
Implications
The contradiction of large economic benefits of P supplementation and the generally low adoption rates by the cattle industry in northern Australia suggests a need for targeted research and extension to identify the specific constraints to adoption, including potential high initial capital costs.
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15
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Dixon RM, Anderson ST, Kidd LJ, Fletcher MT. Management of phosphorus nutrition of beef cattle grazing seasonally dry rangelands: a review. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency as a major constraint to productivity of cattle grazing rangelands with low-P soils. Nutritional deficiency of P may severely reduce liveweight (LW) gain of growing cattle (e.g. by 20–60 kg/annum) and the productivity of breeder cow herds as weaning rate, mortality and calf growth. In seasonally dry tropical environments, the production responses to supplementary P occur primarily during the rainy season when the nutritional quality of pasture as metabolisable energy (ME) and protein is high and pasture P concentration is limiting, even though the P concentrations are higher than during dry season. When ME and nitrogen of rainy-season pasture are adequate, then P-deficient cattle typically continue to gain LW slowly, but with reduced bone mineralisation (i.e. osteomalacia). In beef breeder herds when diet P is insufficient, cows with high bone P reserves can mobilise bone P reserves during late pregnancy and early lactation. Mobilisation may contribute up to the equivalent of ~7 g diet P/day (one-third of the P requirements) in early lactation, and, thus, allow acutely P-deficient breeders to maintain calf growth for at least several months until depletion of cow body P reserves. However, severe P deficiency in cattle is usually associated with reduced voluntary intake (e.g. by 20–30% per kg LW), severe LW loss and poor reconception rates. When P intake is greater than immediate requirements, breeders can replenish bone P. Replenishment in mature cows occurs slowly when ME intake is sufficient only for slow LW gain, but rapidly at ME intakes sufficient for rapid LW gain. Bone P replenishment also occurs in late-pregnant heifers even when losing maternal LW. Intervals of mobilisation and replenishment of body P reserves will often be important for P nutrition of beef breeder cows through annual cycles. Diagnosis of P deficiency in grazing cattle is difficult and must encompass estimation of both diet P intake and availability of P from body reserves. Cattle behaviour (e.g. pica, osteophagea), low soil P concentrations and low herd productivity provide valuable indicators. Some constituents of blood (plasma inorganic P, calcium, plasma inorganic P:calcium ratios and endocrine markers) are valuable indicators, but the threshold values indicative of P deficiency at various ME intakes are not well established. It is evident that knowledge of both the nutritional physiology and requirements for P provide opportunities to better manage P nutrition to alleviate production losses in low-input systems with beef cattle grazing rangelands.
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16
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Gaignon P, Le Grand K, Laza-Knoerr AL, Hurtaud C, Boudon A. Effect of calcium intake and the dietary cation-anion difference during early lactation on the bone mobilization dynamics throughout lactation in dairy cows. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218979. [PMID: 31774817 PMCID: PMC6881032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the consequences of a low supply of dietary Ca with or without a low dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) during early lactation on bone mobilization and reconstitution during lactation and on the dynamics of milk Ca content. Fifteen multiparous Holstein cows were distributed among 3 treatments 5 weeks before their expected calving date. These treatments differed based on the provision of diets through the first 10 weeks of lactation. During this period, the control treatment (NCa) consisted of a diet providing 100% of the Ca requirement, with a DCAD of 200 mEq/kg dry matter (DM). The LCa (low Ca) and LCaLD (low Ca, low DCAD) treatments consisted of diets providing 70% of the Ca requirement, with a DCAD of 200 and 0 mEq/kg DM, respectively. After 10 weeks, all cows received the same total mixed ration, which was formulated to meet 100% of the Ca requirement. LCa and LCaLD tended to decrease the body retention of Ca at 3 weeks of lactation compared with NCa but affected neither the dynamics of the blood biomarkers of bone formation and resorption during lactation nor the body retention of Ca at 17 weeks of lactation. Cows almost entirely compensated for the decrease in Ca supply caused by LCa and LCaLD by increasing their apparent digestive absorption of Ca at 3 weeks of lactation, whereas their apparent digestive absorption was unaffected by the treatments at 17 weeks of lactation. Milk production tended to be lower throughout lactation with LCa and LCaLD compared with NCa, with a mean difference of 2 kg/d. The results of this study also indicated that measuring the dynamics of milk Ca content during lactation cannot be considered effective for indirectly estimating the dynamics of bone mobilization in cows. The results also suggested that limited Ca intake at the beginning of lactation may have deleterious effects on milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anne Boudon
- PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Reyer H, Oster M, Wittenburg D, Murani E, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. Genetic Contribution to Variation in Blood Calcium, Phosphorus, and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Pigs. Front Genet 2019; 10:590. [PMID: 31316547 PMCID: PMC6610066 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood values of calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (IP), and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) are valuable indicators for mineral status and bone mineralization. The mineral homeostasis is maintained by absorption, retention, and excretion processes employing a number of known and unknown sensing and regulating factors with implications on immunity. Due to the high inter-individual variation of Ca and P levels in the blood of pigs and to clarify molecular contributions to this variation, the genetics of hematological traits related to the Ca and P balance were investigated in a German Landrace population, integrating both single-locus and multi-locus genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches. Genomic heritability estimates suggest a moderate genetic contribution to the variation of hematological Ca (N = 456), IP (N = 1049), ALP (N = 439), and the Ca/P ratio (N = 455), with values ranging from 0.27 to 0.54. The genome-wide analysis of markers adds a number of genomic regions to the list of quantitative trait loci, some of which overlap with previous results. Despite the gaps in knowledge of genes involved in Ca and P metabolism, genes like THBS2, SHH, PTPRT, PTGS1, and FRAS1 with reported connections to bone metabolism were derived from the significantly associated genomic regions. Additionally, genomic regions included TRAFD1 and genes coding for phosphate transporters (SLC17A1-SLC17A4), which are linked to Ca and P homeostasis. The study calls for improved functional annotation of the proposed candidate genes to derive features involved in maintaining Ca and P balance. This gene information can be exploited to diagnose and predict characteristics of micronutrient utilization, bone development, and a well-functioning musculoskeletal system in pig husbandry and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Reyer
- Genomics Unit, Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Genomics Unit, Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dörte Wittenburg
- Biomathematics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Genomics Unit, Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Functional Genome Analysis Unit, Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Genomics Unit, Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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18
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Cohrs I, Wilkens M, Grünberg W. Short communication: Effect of dietary phosphorus deprivation in late gestation and early lactation on the calcium homeostasis of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9591-9598. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Alternative rib bone biopsy measurements to estimate changes in skeletal mineral reserves in cattle. Animal 2018; 13:119-126. [PMID: 29669613 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111800068x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rib bone biopsy samples are often used to estimate changes in skeletal mineral reserves in cattle but differences in sampling procedures and the bone measurements reported often make interpretation and comparisons among experiments difficult. 'Full-core' rib bone biopsy samples, which included the external cortical bone, internal cortical bone and trabecular bone (CBext, CBint and Trab, respectively), were obtained from cattle known to be in phosphorus (P) adequate (Padeq) or severely P-deficient (Pdefic) status. Experiments 1 and 2 examined growing steers and Experiment 3 mature breeder cows. The thickness of cortical bone, specific gravity (SG), and the amount and concentration of ash and P per unit fresh bone volume, differed among CBext, CBint and Trab bone. P concentration (mg/cc) was closely correlated with both SG and ash concentrations (pooled data, r=0.99). Thickness of external cortical bone (CBText) was correlated with full-core P concentration (FC-Pconc) (pooled data, r=0.87). However, an index, the amount of P in CBext per unit surface area of CBext (PSACB; mg P/mm2), was more closely correlated with the FC-Pconc (pooled data, FC-Pconc=37.0+146×PSACB; n=42, r=0.94, RSD=7.7). Results for measured or estimated FC-Pconc in 10 published studies with cattle in various physiological states and expected to be Padeq or in various degrees of Pdefic status were collated and the ranges of FC-Pconc indicative of P adequacy and P deficiency for various classes of cattle were evaluated. FC-Pconc was generally in the range 130 to 170 and 100 to 120 mg/cc fresh bone in Padeq mature cows and young growing cattle, respectively. In conclusion, the FC-Pconc could be estimated accurately from biopsy samples of CBext. This allows comparisons between studies where full-core or only CBext biopsy samples of rib bone have been obtained to estimate changes in the skeletal P status of cattle and facilitates evaluation of the P status of cattle.
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