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Singh RK, Singh C, Chandana BS, Mahto RK, Patial R, Gupta A, Gahlaut V, Hamwieh A, Upadhyaya HD, Kumar R. Exploring Chickpea Germplasm Diversity for Broadening the Genetic Base Utilizing Genomic Resourses. Front Genet 2022; 13:905771. [PMID: 36035111 PMCID: PMC9416867 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.905771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Legume crops provide significant nutrition to humans as a source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids as well as specific macro and micronutrients. Additionally, legumes improve the cropping environment by replenishing the soil nitrogen content. Chickpeas are the second most significant staple legume food crop worldwide behind dry bean which contains 17%–24% protein, 41%–51% carbohydrate, and other important essential minerals, vitamins, dietary fiber, folate, β-carotene, anti-oxidants, micronutrients (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc) as well as linoleic and oleic unsaturated fatty acids. Despite these advantages, legumes are far behind cereals in terms of genetic improvement mainly due to far less effort, the bottlenecks of the narrow genetic base, and several biotic and abiotic factors in the scenario of changing climatic conditions. Measures are now called for beyond conventional breeding practices to strategically broadening of narrow genetic base utilizing chickpea wild relatives and improvement of cultivars through advanced breeding approaches with a focus on high yield productivity, biotic and abiotic stresses including climate resilience, and enhanced nutritional values. Desirable donors having such multiple traits have been identified using core and mini core collections from the cultivated gene pool and wild relatives of Chickpea. Several methods have been developed to address cross-species fertilization obstacles and to aid in inter-specific hybridization and introgression of the target gene sequences from wild Cicer species. Additionally, recent advances in “Omics” sciences along with high-throughput and precise phenotyping tools have made it easier to identify genes that regulate traits of interest. Next-generation sequencing technologies, whole-genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and differential genes expression profiling along with a plethora of novel techniques like single nucleotide polymorphism exploiting high-density genotyping by sequencing assays, simple sequence repeat markers, diversity array technology platform, and whole-genome re-sequencing technique led to the identification and development of QTLs and high-density trait mapping of the global chickpea germplasm. These altogether have helped in broadening the narrow genetic base of chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charul Singh
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - B S Chandana
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit K Mahto
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjana Patial
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Astha Gupta
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Pālampur, India
| | - Aladdin Hamwieh
- International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Giza, Egypt
| | - H D Upadhyaya
- Department of Entomology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
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Irshad S, Matloob A, Iqbal S, Ibrar D, Hasnain Z, Khan S, Rashid N, Nawaz M, Ikram RM, Wahid MA, Al-Hashimi A, Elshikh MS, Diao ZH. Foliar application of potassium and moringa leaf extract improves growth, physiology and productivity of kabuli chickpea grown under varying sowing regimes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263323. [PMID: 35143535 PMCID: PMC8830639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is of prime importance because of vital source of protein as major food legume. Globally, it is cultivated on large area to meet dietary requirements of humans. Climatic extremes (erratic rainfall, extreme high and low temperature) are key restrains for its production. Optimum sowing time is considered as an important factor to address climatic variations and to attain maximum yield. Foliar application of potassium (K) has also been reported to increase resistance against abiotic stresses. Similarly, exogenous application of plant based growth substances (bio-stimulants) like moringa leaf extract (MLE) are extensively used to enhance productivity of field crops. Therefore, current study was planned to evaluate the impact of foliar applied K and MLE on growth, physiology and productivity of kabuli chickpea grown under varying sowing dates. There were two sowing dates (normal sown; November 15 and late sown; December 15, 2020). Experiment was comprised of treatments i.e. control, water spray, foliar application of K at 1%, foliar application of MLE at 3% and combined application of K and MLE. Foliar applied K and MLE significantly improved physiological, biochemical and yield attributes of kabuli chickpea cultivated under normal and late sown conditions. Increase in growth and yield attributes like plant height, number of nodules per plant, nodules dry weight, branches and pods per plant, 100- grain weight, biological and grain yield were recorded in case of combined foliar application of K and MLE in normal and late sown chickpea. Maximum improvement in gas exchange attributes (stomatal conductance and transpiration rate), chlorophyll contents, antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) and osmolytes (proline) were recorded with combined application of K and MLE in both sowing dates. Thus, combined applied K and MLE can be used to enhance productivity of kabuli chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Irshad
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (SI); (Z-HD)
| | - Amar Matloob
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Danish Ibrar
- National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, KFUEIT, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeng-Hui Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (SI); (Z-HD)
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Eker T, Sari D, Sari H, Tosun HS, Toker C. A kabuli chickpea ideotype. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1611. [PMID: 35102187 PMCID: PMC8803941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of 'crop ideotype' is coined as a desirable plant model expected to better perform for seed yield, oils and other useful characteristics when developed as a cultivar, and it consists of two major approaches, namely, (i) 'defect elimination', that is, integration of disease resistance to a susceptible genotype from a resistant genotype and (ii) 'selection for yield' by improving yield after crosses between desirable parents. For consideration of these approaches, here we introduced an ideotype in kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) which is high-yielding, extra-large-seeded, and double- or multi-podded, has high plant height and imparipinnate-leafed traits, and is heat tolerant and resistant to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr.], which causes considerable yield losses, via marker-assisted selection. F3 and F4 lines were evaluated for agro-morphological traits divided into six classes, namely, (i) imparipinnate-leafed and single-podded progeny, (ii) imparipinnate-leafed and double-podded progeny, (iii) imparipinnate-leafed and multi-podded progeny, (iv) unifoliolate-leafed and single-podded progeny, (v) unifoliolate-leafed and double-podded progeny, (vi) unifoliolate-leafed and multi-podded progeny. F3:4 lines having 100-seed weight ≥ 45 g and double- or multi-podded traits were additionally assessed for resistance to ascochyta blight using molecular markers including SCY17590 and CaETR-1. Superior lines having higher values than their best parents were determined for all studied traits indicating that economic and important traits including yield and seed size in chickpea could be improved by crossing suitable parents. Imparipinnate-leafed and multi-podded plants had not only the highest number of pods and seeds per plant but also the highest yield. On the other hand, imparipinnate-leafed and single podded progeny had the largest seed size, followed by imparipinnate-leafed and double-podded progeny. Multi-podded plants produced 23% more seed yield than that of single-podded plants, while multi-podded plants attained 7.6% more seed yield than that of double-podded plants. SCY17590 and CaETR-1 markers located on LG4 related to QTLAR2 and QTLAR1 were found in 14 lines among 152 F3:4 lines. Six superior lines were selected for being double- or multi-podded, imparipinnate-leafed, suitable for combine harvest, heat-tolerant, and resistant to ascochyta blight, and having both of two resistance markers and extra-large seeds as high as 50-60 g per 100-seed weight. Resistance alleles from two different backgrounds for resistance to ascochyta blight were integrated with double- or multi-podded kabuli chickpea lines having high yield, extra-large seeds, high plant height, imparipinnate-leaves and high heat tolerance, playing a crucial role for future demands of population and food security. These approaches seem to be applicable in ideotype breeding for other important crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Eker
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Sari
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Sari
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hilal Sule Tosun
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Toker
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
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Anwar MR, Luckett DJ, Chauhan YS, Ip RHL, Maphosa L, Simpson M, Warren A, Raman R, Richards MF, Pengilley G, Hobson K, Graham N. Modelling the effects of cold temperature during the reproductive stage on the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:111-125. [PMID: 34609561 PMCID: PMC8727402 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the reproductive stage, chilling temperatures and frost reduce the yield of chickpea and limit its adaptation. The adverse effects of chilling temperature and frost in terms of the threshold temperatures, impact of cold duration, and genotype-by-environment-by-management interactions are not well quantified. Crop growth models that predict flowering time and yield under diverse climates can identify combinations of cultivars and sowing time to reduce frost risk in target environments. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM-chickpea) model uses daily temperatures to model basic crop growth but does not include penalties for either frost damage or cold temperatures during flowering and podding stages. Regression analysis overcame this limitation of the model for chickpea crops grown at 95 locations in Australia using 70 years of historic data incorporating three cultivars and three sowing times (early, mid, and late). We modified model parameters to include the effect of soil water on thermal time calculations, which significantly improved the prediction of flowering time. Simulated data, and data from field experiments grown in Australia (2013 to 2019), showed robust predictions for flowering time (n = 29; R2 = 0.97), and grain yield (n = 22; R2 = 0.63-0.70). In addition, we identified threshold cold temperatures that significantly affected predicted yield, and combinations of locations, variety, and sowing time where the overlap between peak cold temperatures and peak flowering was minimal. Our results showed that frost and/or cold temperature-induced yield losses are a major limitation in some unexpected Australian locations, e.g., inland, subtropical latitudes in Queensland. Intermediate sowing maximise yield, as it avoids cold temperature, late heat, and drought stresses potentially limiting yield in early and late sowing respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhuddin Rajin Anwar
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
| | - David J Luckett
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Yashvir S Chauhan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF), Kingaroy, QLD, 4610, Australia
| | - Ryan H L Ip
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Lancelot Maphosa
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Marja Simpson
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, 1447 Forest Road, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Annie Warren
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW, 2340, Australia
| | - Rosy Raman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Mark F Richards
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Georgina Pengilley
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW, 2340, Australia
| | - Kristy Hobson
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW, 2340, Australia
| | - Neroli Graham
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW, 2340, Australia
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Partitioning of nutritional and bioactive compounds between the kernel, hull and husk of five new chickpea genotypes grown in Australia. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
A semi-hydroponic phenotyping platform was constructed using inexpensive and easily obtained materials for characterizing root trait variability in a large set of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) germplasm. The system was designed to accommodate a large number of plants in a small area allowing relatively deeper root development, and thus serves as a high-throughput phenotyping tool for studying root dynamic growth. The root trait quantitative platform could provide accurate phenotyping data for parameterizing root models and for genome-wide association analyses or mapping studies of quantitative trait loci.
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Pang J, Turner NC, Du YL, Colmer TD, Siddique KHM. Pattern of Water Use and Seed Yield under Terminal Drought in Chickpea Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1375. [PMID: 28848579 PMCID: PMC5552816 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought, particularly terminal drought, reduces the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Terminal drought tolerance and water use patterns were evaluated under controlled conditions in 10 genotypes of desi chickpea. Withholding water from early podding reduced vegetative growth, reproductive growth, seed yield, and water use efficiency for seed yield in all genotypes. The genotype Neelam, which produced the highest seed yield when water was withheld, used the least water when well-watered; however, its aboveground biomass at maturity did not differ significantly from six of the nine other genotypes. Indeed, the water-stressed Neelam had the lowest daily transpiration rate during the early stages of water stress and the highest during the later stages, thereby maintaining the highest soil water content in the first 16 days after water was withheld, which enabled higher pod production, lower pod abortion, and better seed filling. Genotypes differed in the threshold value of the fraction of transpirable soil water when flowering and seed set ceased in the water-stress treatment. We conclude that a conservative water use strategy benefits seed yield of chickpea exposed to water shortage during early podding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Pang
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Neil C. Turner
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Yan-Lei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Timothy D. Colmer
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
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8
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Chen Y, Ghanem ME, Siddique KH. Characterising root trait variability in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1987-1999. [PMID: 28338728 PMCID: PMC5429021 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume crop but its sustainable production is challenged by predicted climate changes, which are likely to increase production limitations and uncertainty in yields. Characterising the variability in root architectural traits in a core collection of chickpea germplasm will provide the basis for breeding new germplasm with suitable root traits for the efficient acquisition of soil resources and adaptation to drought and other abiotic stresses. This study used a semi-hydroponic phenotyping system for assessing root trait variability across 270 chickpea genotypes. The genotypes exhibited large variation in rooting patterns and branching manner. Thirty root-related traits were characterised, 17 of which had coefficients of variation ≥0.3 among genotypes and were selected for further examination. The Pearson correlation matrix showed a strong correlation among most of the selected traits (P≤0.05). Principal component analysis revealed three principal components with eigenvalues >1 capturing 81.5% of the total variation. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis, based on root trait variation, identified three genotype homogeneous groups (rescaled distance of 15) and 16 sub-groups (rescaled distance of 5). The chickpea genotypes characterised in this study with vastly different root properties could be used for further studies in glasshouses and field trials, and for molecular marker studies, gene mapping, and modelling simulations, ultimately aimed at breeding germplasm with root traits for improved adaptation to drought and other specific environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth WA 6001, Australia
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Michel Edmond Ghanem
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, North-Africa Platform, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kadambot Hm Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth WA 6001, Australia
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Whish JPM, Castor P, Carberry PS. Managing production constraints to the reliability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) within marginal areas of the northern grains region of Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/ar06179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The poor reliability of chickpea yield produced in the marginal (<600 mm rainfall) areas of the northern cropping zone is a constraint to the wide adoption of the crop. Chickpea is a valuable rotation crop and is currently the only viable winter grain legume suitable to this region. This paper uses results from in-crop monitoring and crop simulation, to identify practical management strategies to improve the reliability of chickpea crops in this region. APSIM-Chickpea successfully simulated the commercial yields of chickpea crops monitored during the study. Soil water at sowing and sowing date were identified as key determinants of yield. A ‘rule of thumb’ was derived, which showed that crops sown with a starting plant-available water of ~100 mm at sowing had an 80% probability of producing a better than break-even yield for the majority of the region and this was independent of the soil’s plant-available water capacity or crop sowing date. The probability of accumulating 100 mm of stored water in this western region is 90% following harvest of a May–sown wheat crop. Increased plant population improved crop yields in 60% of years, but this only translated to improved returns in ~50% of those years. The use of these simple management approaches will improve the reliability of chickpea production and ensure that these marginal areas have the option of a viable winter grain legume in their rotations.
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Regan KL, Siddique KHM, Brandon NJ, Seymour M, Loss SP. Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties to time of sowing in Mediterranean-type environments of south-western Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ea05091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chickpea has become an important grain legume crop in Australia over the last decade. New varieties with improved seed yield and quality are being developed in Australia with varied phenological and agronomic traits. This study examined the optimum time of sowing of several desi chickpea varieties (Dooen, T1587, Sona and Tyson) varying in phenology over a range of dryland Mediterranean-type environments in south-western Australia.
Chickpea showed good adaptation, particularly in the northern grain belt of Western Australia where growing conditions are warmer than southern areas. Seed yields varied widely depending on the time of sowing, location and seasonal conditions. Mean seed yields greater than 1000 kg/ha and up to 2000 kg/ha were achieved, but in some cases seed yields were less than 800 kg/ha. In the northern region, seed yield was almost doubled by sowing in early-May (1625 kg/ha) compared with late-June (754 kg/ha). In contrast to this, seed yields were generally lower in the southern regions and greater from late-June sowings (865 kg/ha) compared to earlier mid-May sowings (610 kg/ha).
Seed yields were not clearly increased by altering sowing time to match the phenology of the variety to the growing season rainfall and temperatures, except at the early sowing times (April and early-May) where Tyson out-yielded all other varieties. This is most likely due to the lack of photoperiod-responsive, long-duration varieties to match early sowing and low temperatures limiting vegetative and reproductive growth in all varieties, especially in southern areas. However, it is likely that early flowering varieties will show greater adaptation and yield performance in short growing seasons, while later flowering varieties will be better suited to longer growing seasons.
The study found that there were significant differences in the optimum sowing time between northern, central and southern sites, based on differences in mean daily temperatures and length of the growing season. Generally, the greatest seed yields were produced by sowing between mid to late June at southern sites, and early May at central and northern sites.
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Berger JD, Turner NC, Siddique KHM, Knights EJ, Brinsmead RB, Mock I, Edmondson C, Khan TN. Genotype by environment studies across Australia reveal the importance of phenology for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) improvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/ar04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes comprising released cultivars, advanced breeding lines, and landraces of Australian, Mediterranean basin, Indian, and Ethiopian origin were evaluated at 5 representative sites (Merredin, WA; Minnipa, SA; Walpeup, Vic.; Tamworth, NSW; Warwick, Qld) over 2 years. Data on plant stand, early vigour, phenology, productivity, and yield components were collected at each site.
Site yields ranged from 0.3 t/ha at Minnipa in 1999 to 3.5 t/ha at Warwick in 1999. Genotype by environment (G × E) interaction was highly significant. Principal components analysis revealed contrasting genotype interaction behaviour at dry, low-yielding sites (Minnipa 1999, Merredin 2000) and higher rainfall, longer growing-season environments (Tamworth 2000). Genotype clusters performing well under stress tended to yield well at all sites except Tamworth in 2000, and were characterised by early phenology and high harvest index, but were not different in terms of biomass or early vigour. Some of these traits were strongly influenced by germplasm origin. The material with earliest phenology came from Ethiopia, and southern and central India, with progressively later material from northern India and Australia, and finally the Mediterranean. There was a delay between the onset of flowering and podding at all sites, which was related to average temperatures immediately post-anthesis (r = –0.81), and therefore larger in early flowering material (>30 days at some sites). Harvest index was highest in Indian and Ethiopian germplasm, whereas crop height was greatest in Australian and Mediterranean accessions. Some consistently high yielding genotypes new to the Australian breeding program were identified (ICCV 10, BG 362), and the existing cultivar Lasseter was also confirmed to be very productive.
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12
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Turner NC, Wright GC, Siddique K. Adaptation of grain legumes (pulses) to water-limited environments. ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY 2001:193-231. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2113(01)71015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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13
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Siddique KHM, Brinsmead RB, Knight R, Knights EJ, Paull JG, Rose IA. Adaptation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to Australia. LINKING RESEARCH AND MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PULSES IN THE 21ST CENTURY 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4385-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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