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Leo-Penu CLO, Beasley AM, Poppi DP, Norton BW, Eyre KE, McLennan SR, Quigley SP. Liveweight gain and metabolisable energy requirements of young entire male Australian Rangeland goats in response to supplementation. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Syeed Momen S, Sharifi Hosseini M, Tahmasbi R, Dayani O, Asadi Fouzi M. Effect of energy and protein levels in supplemental diets
on performance of Rayeni cashmere does and goat kids under
natural grazing conditions. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/144847/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jimbo M, Matsumoto N, Sakamoto H, Yanagawa Y, Torii Y, Yamanaka M, Ishinazaka T, Shirane Y, Sashika M, Tsubota T, Shimozuru M. Hair Growth in Brown Bears and Its Application to Ecological Studies on Wild Bears. MAMMAL STUDY 2020. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Jimbo
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Noboribetsu Bear Park, 224 Noboribetsuonsencho, Noboribetsu, Hokkaido 059-0515, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakamoto
- Noboribetsu Bear Park, 224 Noboribetsuonsencho, Noboribetsu, Hokkaido 059-0515, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Torii
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masami Yamanaka
- Shiretoko Nature Foundation, 531 Iwaubetsu, Shari, Hokkaido 099-4356, Japan
| | | | - Yuri Shirane
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mariko Sashika
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsubota
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Michito Shimozuru
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Sources of variation in fibre production and quality traits source of variation in down-bearing Patagonian goats and implications for developing a cashmere industry. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Celi R, Di Trana A, Celi P. The influence of lactation on the quantity and quality of cashmere production. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2002.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Roulin A. Condition-dependence, pleiotropy and the handicap principle of sexual selection in melanin-based colouration. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:328-48. [PMID: 25631160 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The signalling function of melanin-based colouration is debated. Sexual selection theory states that ornaments should be costly to produce, maintain, wear or display to signal quality honestly to potential mates or competitors. An increasing number of studies supports the hypothesis that the degree of melanism covaries with aspects of body condition (e.g. body mass or immunity), which has contributed to change the initial perception that melanin-based colour ornaments entail no costs. Indeed, the expression of many (but not all) melanin-based colour traits is weakly sensitive to the environment but strongly heritable suggesting that these colour traits are relatively cheap to produce and maintain, thus raising the question of how such colour traits could signal quality honestly. Here I review the production, maintenance and wearing/displaying costs that can generate a correlation between melanin-based colouration and body condition, and consider other evolutionary mechanisms that can also lead to covariation between colour and body condition. Because genes controlling melanic traits can affect numerous phenotypic traits, pleiotropy could also explain a linkage between body condition and colouration. Pleiotropy may result in differently coloured individuals signalling different aspects of quality that are maintained by frequency-dependent selection or local adaptation. Colouration may therefore not signal absolute quality to potential mates or competitors (e.g. dark males may not achieve a higher fitness than pale males); otherwise genetic variation would be rapidly depleted by directional selection. As a consequence, selection on heritable melanin-based colouration may not always be directional, but mate choice may be conditional to environmental conditions (i.e. context-dependent sexual selection). Despite the interest of evolutionary biologists in the adaptive value of melanin-based colouration, its actual role in sexual selection is still poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Roulin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Building Biophore, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ma H, Zhang W, Song WH, Sun P, Jia ZH. Effects of tryptophan supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics, serum tryptophan, and related hormone concentrations in cashmere goats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2012; 43:239-50. [PMID: 22541934 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics and on serum Trp, melatonin (MEL), prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Thirty-six Liaoning cashmere wether goats were stratified on the basis of body weight (28±0.8 kg) and assigned randomly to 1 of the following 4 rumen-protected Trp treatments: 0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 g per goat per day. The experimental period lasted 137 d. Blood samples were collected monthly during the daytime (8:00 AM) and at night (8:00 PM). Tryptophan supplementation improved cashmere growth rates, cashmere weight, and body weight (P=0.001) and increased serum Trp levels, nighttime MEL concentrations, IGF-1, and T3 and T4 concentrations (P<0.05). Across the treatments and sampling months, a highly positive correlation between cashmere growth rate and nighttime serum MEL concentrations was observed (r=0.879, P=0.001). A moderately negative correlation between cashmere growth rates and serum PRL concentrations during the day and at night (rday=-0.645, P=0.007; rnight=-0.583, P=0.018) was observed. A moderately positive correlation between the cashmere growth rate and the daytime serum IGF-1 concentration (r=0.536, P=0.032) was observed, and no correlation was found between the cashmere growth rate and the other serum hormone concentrations. These data indicate that changes in serum concentrations of MEL, IGF-1, and PRL are related to cashmere growth in Liaoning cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Under the experimental conditions of the current trial, we suggest that Trp may promote cashmere growth by increasing daytime IGF-1 and nighttime MEL secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ansari-Renani H, Mueller J, Rischkowsky B, Seyed Momen S, Alipour O, Ehsani M, Moradi S. Cashmere quality of Raeini goats kept by nomads in Iran. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhang W, Zhang YS, Zhu XP, Wang RL, Jia ZH. Effect of different levels of copper and molybdenum supplements on performance, nutrient digestibility, and follicle characteristics in cashmere goats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:1470-9. [PMID: 21240567 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-8954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the effects of different levels of copper (Cu, 0, 19, and 38 mg/kg, dry matter (DM)) and molybdenum (Mo, 0 and 5 mg/kg, DM) supplements and an interaction of these two factors on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cashmere and follicle characteristics in cashmere goats. Thirty-six Liaoning cashmere goats (approximately 1.5 years of age; 27.53 ± 1.38 kg of body weight) were assigned randomly to one of six treatments and fed with Chinese wildrye- and alfalfa hay-based treatment diets (the basal diet contained 4.72 mg Cu/kg, 1.65 mg Mo/kg, and 0.21% S.). Body weight was measured on two consecutive days at the start and the end of the 70-day experimental period. On day 30, the metabolism trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary Cu and Mo on nutrient digestibility. The cashmere and skin samples were collected on day 70. Copper supplementation increased (P < 0.05) growth performance and fiber digestion, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) between Cu-supplemented groups. Addition of 19 mg Cu/kg DM increased (P < 0.05) cashmere growth length or growth rate by increasing the number of active secondary follicles. Molybdenum supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) growth, but did not affect (P > 0.05) nutrient digestion, cashmere, and follicle characteristics. There is a tendency or significant interaction effect of Cu and Mo on growth performance (P = 0.057), cashmere growth (P = 0.076), or diameter (P < 0.05) which might be accomplished by changing the number of secondary follicle and active secondary follicle, and secondary to primary follicle ratio. In conclusion, the optimal supplemental Cu level for Liaoning cashmere goats fed with the basal diet was 19 mg/kg DM (the total dietary Cu level of 23.72 mg/kg DM), while 38 mg Cu/kg DM supplementation was found to be needed when 5 mg Mo/kg was added in the basal diet during the cashmere growing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
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McGregor B, Kerven C, Toigonbaev S. Sources of variation affecting cashmere grown in the Pamir mountain districts of Tajikistan and implications for industry development. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McGregor BA, Tucker D. Effects of nutrition and origin on the amino acid, grease, and suint composition and color of cashmere and guard hairs. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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McGregor B, Kerven C, Toigonbaev S. Sources of variation contributing to production and quality attributes of Kyrgyz cashmere in Osh and Naryn provinces: Implications for industry development. Small Rumin Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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McGregor B. A review of cashmere nutrition experiments with suggestions for improving their design and conduct. Small Rumin Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Celi R, Toteda F, Facciolongo AM, Zarrilli A, Marsico G. Cashmere production from Scottish Cashmere kids and crossbreed Scottish Cashmere x Jonica kids. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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McGregor B, Butler K. Determinants of cashmere production: The contribution of fleece measurements and animal growth on farms. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McGregor BA, Butler KL. Relationship of body condition score, live weight, stocking rate and grazing system to the mortality of Angora goats from hypothermia and their use in the assessment of welfare risks. Aust Vet J 2008; 86:12-7. [PMID: 18271817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Body condition scoring is widely used for sheep and cattle but the practice is included in only one Code of Practice for the welfare of goats in Australia. There is no published scientific evidence to support or defend its use in the assessment of welfare risks to farmed goats. PROCEDURE The significance of stocking rate, grazing system, body condition score (CS) and live weight were investigated in explaining the risk of mortality of individual and flocks of grazing Angora goats from hypothermia following a severe weather event in April. This event occurred 5 weeks after shearing the goats. Angora goats and Saxon Merino sheep were grazed alone, or mixed together in equal numbers at each of three stocking rates. RESULTS There was no mortality amongst Angora goats provided they grazed at the lowest stocking rate even when their CS was < or = 2.0. Mortality in flocks of Angora goats was most related to the CS reached during the preceding 2 months. For flocks of Angora goats there was no mortality at CS > or = 2.5 and mortality increased sharply at mean CS < 2.0. For individual Angora goats, mortality increased as CS declined and stocking rate and grazing combinations were additive in effect on mortality. Grazing with sheep increased mortality of Angora goats at higher stocking rates. The individual goat mortality rate was not dependent on individual plot effects suggesting that these results are applicable widely. Live weight loss was not related to mortality rates of goats once CS had been accounted for. CONCLUSION It was concluded that CS and stocking rate were highly significant determinants of welfare risk in Angora goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A McGregor
- Livestock Systems, Department of Primary Industries, Attwood, VIC, Australia.
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Abdullah AY, Awawdeh FT, Musallam HS, Titi HH, Obeidat BS, Kridli RT, Qudsieh RI, Abu Ishmais MA. Performance and carcass characteristics of intact and castrated male Black goat kids fed diets of various energy levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ea07368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thirty Black goat male kids were used in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effects of three dietary energy levels (EL) and early castration (TRT) on growth performance, body and carcass characteristics. Upon weaning at 90 days of age, kids were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 10: five intact and five castrated) and assigned to one of the three dietary treatments containing 15% CP and different energy levels: low (LEL; 10.44 MJ ME/kg DM), medium (MEL; 11.60 MJ ME/kg DM) and high energy (HEL; 12.90 MJ ME/kg DM). Kids were individually fed on an ad libitum basis and were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Results showed no differences between castrated and intact kids in feed and nutrient intake. The level of dietary energy affected dry matter intake (P < 0.05), metabolisable energy intake (P < 0.01), crude protein intake (P < 0.05), neutral detergent fibre (P < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre intakes (P < 0.001). Dry matter intake was 280, 305 and 264 g/kg W0.75.day for kids receiving LEL, MEL and HEL diets, respectively. Metabolisable energy intake was the highest for kids receiving the MEL diet (0.90 Mcal/kg W0.75.day) compared with LEL (0.73 Mcal/ kg W0.75.day) and HEL (0.88 Mcal/kg W0.75.day) diets. Final liveweight and average daily gain (ADG) were greater (P < 0.01) in MEL diets. Kids fed MEL gained 133 g/day, while ADG values were 92 and 100 g/day for kids fed LEL and HEL diets, respectively. Total muscle percentage was greater (P < 0.05) for kids fed MEL diets (55.9%) compared with LEL (53.8%) and HEL (51.1%) diets. Castrated kids had lower (P < 0.01) carcass muscle percentage, but higher carcass (P < 0.01) and subcutaneous (P < 0.001) fat percentages than intact kids. It can be concluded that the best growth performance was observed in kids receiving the MEL with no differences between castrated and intact kids. Castration influenced accretion of fat in castrated kids.
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Protein and sulphur amino acid nutrition of hair fibre-producing Angora and Cashmere goats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ivey D, Owens F, Sahlu T, Teh T, Claypool P, Goetsch A. Growth and cashmere production by Spanish goats consuming ad libitum diets differing in protein and energy levels. Small Rumin Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(99)00084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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McGregor B. Nutrition, management and other environmental influences on the quality and production of mohair and cashmere: A review with particular reference to mediterranean and annual temperate climatic zones. Small Rumin Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(97)00100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Norton B, Klören W. Measurement of the components of the cashmere growth cycle in Australian cashmere goats. Small Rumin Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00660-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effects of dietary protein level on performance of Angora and cashmere-producing Spanish goats. Small Rumin Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00616-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rhind S, McMillen S. Seasonal patterns of secondary fibre growth, moulting and hair follicle activity in Siberian and Icelandic X Scottish feral goats offered high and low levels of dietary protein. Small Rumin Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(94)00035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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McGregor B. Effect of supplementary feeding, seasonal pastoral conditions and liveweight on cashmere production and cashmere fibre diameter. Small Rumin Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(92)90012-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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