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Heads M, Saldivia P. The challenging biogeography of the Juan Fernández Islands and Coast Range of central Chile explained by new models of East Pacific tectonics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 39032008 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Biogeographers have often been puzzled by several unusual features in the Juan Fernández Islands (JFI) biota. These include the very high endemism density, multiple endemics that are older than the current islands, close biogeographic affinities with the central and West Pacific, and affinities with the diverse Coast Range of central Chile. We review aspects of biogeography in the JFI and the Coast Range in light of recent geological studies. These have examined the mantle below the East Pacific and South America, and have produced radical, new ideas on tectonic history. A long-lived, intraoceanic archipelago ~9000 km long is now thought to have existed in the East Pacific (passing between the JFI hotspot and mainland Chile) until the mid-Cretaceous. At this time, South America, which was moving westward with the opening of the Atlantic, collided with the archipelago. The assumption that the JFI biota is no older than its current islands is questionable, as taxa would have survived on prior islands produced at the JFI hotspot. We propose a new interpretation of evolution in the region based on tectonics rather than on island age and incorporating the following factors: the newly described East Pacific Archipelago; a long history for the JFI hotspot; metapopulation dynamics, including metapopulation vicariance; and formation of the Humboldt Current in the Cretaceous. The model accounts for many distinctive features of the JFI and Coast Range biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heads
- Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY, 14211-1293, USA
| | - Patricio Saldivia
- Biota Ltda, Miguel Claro 1224, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
- Museo Regional de Aysén, Km. 3 camino a Coyhaique Alto, Coyhaique, Chile
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2
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The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Torix tukubana (Annelida: Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020388. [PMID: 36833315 PMCID: PMC9957428 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Torix tukubana is a poorly understood proboscidate leech species, generally an ectoparasite on amphibian species. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of T. tukubana was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the essential characteristics, gene arrangement, and phylogenetic relationship were analyzed. The results showed that the T. tukubana mitogenome was 14,814 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 control region (CR). The mitogenome composition presented a strong A + T bias (73.6%). All tRNAs had the typical clover structure except the trnS1 (TCT), whose dihydrouridine (DHU) arm was short, having only one complementary base pair. Additionally, 8 gene order patterns were identified among 25 known Hirudinea species, and T. tukubana was identical to the Hirudinea ground pattern. A phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs indicated that all the studied species clustered into three main clades. The relationships among Hirudinea species were basically consistent with their gene arrangement results, but different from their morphological taxonomy. T. tukubana was in the monophyletic group of Glossiphoniidae, a finding consistent with previous research. Our results provided the essential characteristics of the T. tukubana mitogenome. As the first complete mitogenome of Torix, it could offer valuable information for a systematic understanding of the Hirudinea species.
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Morishima K, Fukui E, Aizawa M. Concordant genetic structures of sika deer and Japanese land leeches suggest that the current range expansion of
Haemadipsa japonica
is dependent on sika deer migration: A case study from Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Morishima
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Ibaraki Japan
| | - Emiko Fukui
- Department of Agrobiology and Bioresources, School of Agriculture Utsunomiya University Tochigi Japan
| | - Mineaki Aizawa
- Department of Forest Science, School of Agriculture Utsunomiya University Tochigi Japan
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4
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Jambari A, Nakabayashi M, Numata S, Hosaka T. Spatio‐temporal patterns in the abundance of active terrestrial leeches in a Malaysian rainforest. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asrulsani Jambari
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Miyabi Nakabayashi
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shinya Numata
- Department of Tourism Science, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hosaka
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
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5
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Drinkwater R, Williamson J, Clare EL, Chung AYC, Rossiter SJ, Slade E. Dung beetles as samplers of mammals in Malaysian Borneo-a test of high throughput metabarcoding of iDNA. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11897. [PMID: 34447624 PMCID: PMC8366524 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) sampling in biodiversity surveys is becoming increasingly widespread, with most terrestrial studies relying on DNA derived from the gut contents of blood-feeding invertebrates, such as leeches and mosquitoes. Dung beetles (superfamily Scarabaeoidea) primarily feed on the faecal matter of terrestrial vertebrates and offer several potential benefits over blood-feeding invertebrates as samplers of vertebrate DNA. Importantly, these beetles can be easily captured in large numbers using simple, inexpensive baited traps, are globally distributed, and occur in a wide range of habitats. To build on the few existing studies demonstrating the potential of dung beetles as sources of mammalian DNA, we subjected the large-bodied, Bornean dung beetle (Catharsius renaudpauliani) to a controlled feeding experiment. We analysed DNA from gut contents at different times after feeding using qPCR techniques. Here, we first describe the window of DNA persistence within a dung beetle digestive tract. We found that the ability to successfully amplify cattle DNA decayed over relatively short time periods, with DNA copy number decreasing by two orders of magnitude in just 6 h. In addition, we sampled communities of dung beetles from a lowland tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia, in order to test whether it is possible to identify vertebrate sequences from dung beetle iDNA. We sequenced both the gut contents from large dung beetle species, as well as whole communities of smaller beetles. We successfully identified six mammalian species from our samples, including the bearded pig (Sus barbatus) and the sambar deer (Rusa unicolor)—both vulnerable species on the IUCN red list. Our results represent the first use of dung beetle iDNA to sample Southeast Asian vertebrate fauna, and highlight the potential for dung beetle iDNA to be used in future biodiversity monitoring surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Drinkwater
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Williamson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Y C Chung
- Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, Sandakan, Malaysia
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Wang M, Tong X, Su Y, Meng F, Liu Z. Characterization of the complete mitogenome of a land leech, Haemadipsa crenata Ngamprasertwong (Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:2069-2070. [PMID: 34212101 PMCID: PMC8218832 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1939180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Land leeches of genus Haemadipsa (Family Haemadipsidae) are widely distributed in South East Asia. Haemadipsa crenata Ngamprasertwong is a blood-feeding species firstly reported from Thailand. A complete mitochondrial genome of H. crenata was characterized in this study for further genetic exploration on land leech. The reads were assembled into a circular mitogenome of 14,725 bp in length. The AT content of H. crenata mitogenome is 76.79%. The annotated mitogenome contains 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and the structure of PCG open reading frames was confirmed. Finally, the phylogenetic relationship of H. crenata and other leech species were reconstructed using mitogenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiangrong Tong
- Engineering Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Leech Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Engineering Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Leech Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Fanming Meng
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zichao Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Leech Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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A new subspecies of Trypanosoma cyclops found in the Australian terrestrial leech Chtonobdella bilineata. Parasitology 2021; 148:1125-1136. [PMID: 33843511 PMCID: PMC8311967 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it was suggested that haemadipsid leeches represent an important vector of trypanosomes amongst native animals in Australia. Consequently, Chtonobdella bilineata leeches were investigated for the presence of trypanosome species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing and in vitro isolation. Phylogenetic analysis ensued to further define the populations present. PCR targeting the 28S rDNA demonstrated that over 95% of C. bilineata contained trypanosomes; diversity profiling by deep amplicon sequencing of 18S rDNA indicated the presence of four different clusters related to the Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri. Novy–MacNeal–Nicolle slopes with liquid overlay were used to isolate trypanosomes into culture that proved similar in morphology to Trypanosoma cyclops in that they contained a large numbers of acidocalcisomes. Phylogeny of 18S rDNA/GAPDH/ND5 DNA sequences from primary cultures and subclones showed the trypanosomes were monophyletic, with T. cyclops as a sister group. Blood-meal analysis of leeches showed that leeches primarily contained blood from swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolour), human (Homo sapiens) or horse (Equus sp.). The leech C. bilineata is a host for at least five lineages of Trypanosoma sp. and these are monophyletic with T. cyclops; we propose Trypanosoma cyclops australiensis as a subspecies of T. cyclops based on genetic similarity and biogeography considerations.
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Schenková J, Kment P, Malenovský I, Tóthová A. Myxobdella socotrensis sp. nov., a new parasitic leech from Socotra Island, with comments on the phylogeny of Praobdellidae (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida). Parasitol Int 2021; 82:102310. [PMID: 33617989 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) is remarkable for unique ecosystems and high endemism, for which it is often referred to as the "Galápagos of the Indian Ocean". Here we describe a new parasitic leech Myxobdella socotrensis sp. nov. from Socotra, the largest island of the archipelago. The new species was found in a freshwater spring attached to the endemic crab Socotrapotamon socotrensis (Hilgendorf, 1883) (Crustacea: Potamidae). Based on its morphology, ecology and a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data (12S, 18S, 28S and COI gene markers), the new leech species is classified into the highly diversified family Praobdellidae (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida), distributed in tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Central and South America. The praobdellid leeches are known to infest mammalian mucous membranes, however, some taxa are associated with other hosts, namely crabs, amphibians and birds. By its morphology, the new species fits quite well in the current concept of the genus Myxobdella Oka, 1917. However, the monophyly of Myxobdella was not supported here by molecular data, pointing at the need of a more comprehensive systematic revision of the genus and family. As far as known, Myxobdella socotrensis sp. nov. is endemic to the Socotra Island, but more data are needed to understand its evolutionary origin, biology and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schenková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kment
- Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 193 00 Praha, Horní Počernice, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Malenovský
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Tóthová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Fahmy M, Williams KM, Tessler M, Weiskopf SR, Hekkala E, Siddall ME. Multilocus Metabarcoding of Terrestrial Leech Bloodmeal iDNA Increases Species Richness Uncovered in Surveys of Vertebrate Host Biodiversity. J Parasitol 2020; 106:843-853. [DOI: 10.1645/19-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Fahmy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458
| | - Kalani M. Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458
| | - Michael Tessler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024
| | - Sarah R. Weiskopf
- United States Geological Survey, National Climate Adaptation Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 516, Reston, Virginia 20192
| | - Evon Hekkala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458
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10
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Urbisz AZ, Nakano T, Świątek P. Ovary cord micromorphology in the blood-sucking haemadipsid leech Haemadipsa japonica (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudiniformes). Micron 2020; 138:102929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Host-parasite relationships between seabirds and the haemadipsid leech Chtonobdella palmyrae (Annelida: Clitellata) inhabiting oceanic islands in the Pacific Ocean. Parasitology 2020; 147:1765-1773. [PMID: 32943118 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The duognathous haemadipsid leeches of the genus Chtonobdella show a trans-oceanic distribution throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Although passive long-distance dispersal (LDD) of Chtonobdella leeches by birds has been suggested, little is known about the host-parasite relationships between avian hosts and Chtonobdella leeches. In the current study, we investigated Chtonobdella leech infestations of the eyes and other mucus membranes of migratory procellariiform seabirds, Pterodroma hypoleuca and Oceanodroma tristrami, captured at six locations in the Bonin Islands, Honshu and Okinawa Island, Japan. Analyses of the partial sequences of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and morphological examination of the specimens demonstrated that the Chtonobdella leeches belonged to Chtonobdella palmyrae, which is indigenous to Palmyra Atoll in the Northern Line Islands. A dominant COI sequence type was observed in samples from all six sites; therefore, C. palmyrae almost surely dispersed approximately 1000 km by infesting the eyes and mucus membranes of procellariiform seabirds. The host-parasite relationships between procellariiform seabirds and C. palmyrae provide explicit evidence of the LDD of duognathous haemadipsid leeches. The taxonomic status of Haemadipsa zeylanica ivosimae from the Volcano Islands is also briefly discussed.
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12
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Phillips AJ, Govedich FR, Moser WE. Leeches in the extreme: Morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to inhospitable habitats. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 12:318-325. [PMID: 33101909 PMCID: PMC7569739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With more than 700 described species, leeches include morphological, physiological, and behavioral diversity and occur in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, including freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. Leeches inhabit a number of extreme environments, including extremes in temperature, moisture, salinity, pressure, light, and pollution. In some cases, leeches in extreme environments have specialized morphological, physiological, or behavioral adaptations to survive these conditions, yet unique adaptations are not apparent in some species. Leeches that inhabit inhospitable habitats occur in more than one branch or family of leech phylogeny suggesting that there have been independent invasions of environments with extreme conditions. Herein, we review examples of leeches that live in extreme conditions and the exceptional biology that has contributed to leeches being the most extreme annelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Phillips
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Fredric R. Govedich
- Biology Department, Southern Utah University, 351 W. University Blvd., Cedar City, UT, 84720, USA
| | - William E. Moser
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center–MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD, 20746, USA
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Morishima K, Nakano T, Aizawa M. Sika deer presence affects the host-parasite interface of a Japanese land leech. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6030-6038. [PMID: 32607210 PMCID: PMC7319141 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1990s, increasing populations of a blood feeding land leech (Haemadipsa japonica) have become a serious issue in several Japanese prefectures, and it may be caused by the increases in sika deer (Cervus nippon) populations seen over the last quarter of the century. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the host animal species of H. japonica using iDNA (vertebrate DNA isolated from invertebrates) and to test the hypothesis that the increasingly widespread distribution of sika deer results in increased H. japonica populations through changes to the host-parasite interface. We amplified mitochondrial DNA 16S ribosome RNA fragments from iDNA isolated from the blood clots of H. japonica collected across Japan. We identified 17 host animal species, including four orders of Mammalia (Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha) and two orders of Amphibia (Caudata and Anura). The sika deer was the dominant host species of H. japonica. Additionally, the host animal species composition of H. japonica differed according to the presence or absence of sika deer. In the sites where sika deer were not found, Anura (frog) species were the most commonly identified hosts of H. japonica. These results suggest that the increases in H. japonica populations might have occurred via a change in host preference to sika deer. This change might be driven by the increases in sika deer populations and subsequent increase in the frequency that H. japonica uses the sika deer as easy prey, as well as by sika deer providing more reproductive energy per blood meal than blood meal from frog species. The present study suggests that a more widespread distribution of sika deer resulted in an increase in H. japonica through a change in the host-parasite interface. Therefore, management that focuses on decreasing sika deer populations would likely be an effective method for the reduction of H. japonica populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Morishima
- United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyUtsunomiyaJapan
| | - Takafumi Nakano
- Department of ZoologyGraduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Mineaki Aizawa
- Department of Forest ScienceSchool of AgricultureUtsunomiya UniversityUtsunomiyaJapan
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14
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Drinkwater R, Williamson J, Swinfield T, Deere NJ, Struebig MJ, Clare EL, Coomes D, Rossiter SJ. Occurrence of blood‐feeding terrestrial leeches (Haemadipsidae) in a degraded forest ecosystem and their potential as ecological indicators. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Drinkwater
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Joseph Williamson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Tom Swinfield
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Nicolas J. Deere
- School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | | | - Elizabeth L. Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Stephen J. Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
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15
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Morishima K, Aizawa M. Nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal the regional genetic structure and phylogeographical history of a sanguivorous land leech, Haemadipsa japonica, in Japan. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5392-5406. [PMID: 31110688 PMCID: PMC6509392 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent molecular studies have indicated that phylogeographical history of Japanese biota is likely shaped by geohistory along with biological events, such as distribution shifts, isolation, and divergence of populations. However, the genetic structure and phylogeographical history of terrestrial Annelida species, including leech species, are poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to understand the genetic structure and phylogeographical history across the natural range of Haemadipsa japonica, a sanguivorous land leech species endemic to Japan, by using nine polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) and cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Analyses using nSSR revealed that H. japonica exhibited a stronger regional genetic differentiation among populations (G'ST = 0.77) than other animal species, probably because of the low mobility of land leech. Analyses using mtDNA indicated that H. japonica exhibited two distinct lineages (A and B), which were estimated to have diverged in the middle Pleistocene and probably because of range fragmentation resulting from climatic change and glacial and interglacial cycles. Lineage A was widely distributed across Japan, and lineage B was found in southwestern Japan. Analyses using nSSR revealed that lineage A was roughly divided into two population groups (i.e., northeastern and southwestern Japan); these analyses also revealed a gradual decrease in genetic diversity with increasing latitude in lineage A and a strong genetic drift in populations of northeastern Japan. Combined with the largely unresolved shallow polytomies from the mtDNA phylogeny, these results implied that lineage A may have undergone a rapid northward migration, probably during the Holocene. Then, the regional genetic structure with local unique gene pools may have been formed within each lineage because of the low mobility of this leech species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Morishima
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Utsunomiya Japan
| | - Mineaki Aizawa
- Department of Forest Science School of Agriculture Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan
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Larger leeches attack from higher ground – size-dependent preferences for ambush sites in the Bornean terrestrial leech Haemadipsa picta. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467419000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe rain forests of South-East Asia represent a biodiversity hotspot of terrestrial leeches, but we have only fragmentary and often anecdotal information on this component of tropical communities. To address the foraging tactics of terrestrial leeches, we studied the vertical distribution of Haemadipsa picta on foliage in a Bornean tropical rain forest. We investigated the links between leech body length and the above-ground height of their ambush positions under natural conditions and in a choice experiment performed under semi-natural conditions. We studied 167 leeches, which varied considerably with respect to body length (4–29 mm). On average, the leeches ambushed at lower heights under natural conditions than under experimental conditions (47.7 cm vs. 67.5 cm), though the heights of ambush positions overlapped considerably. Leeches that chose higher ambush positions under natural conditions consistently chose higher ambush positions in the experiment (Pearson r = 0.29). Under both natural and experimental conditions, leech body length was positively correlated with the height of ambush positions (Pearson r = 0.48); on average, a 1-mm increase in body length corresponded to a 2–3 cm higher ambush position. Our findings suggest that H. picta individuals actively choose hunting locations according to their above-ground height, shifting their ambush sites over ontogeny to higher foliage. We hypothesize that growing leeches might target different prey following ontogenetic shifts in the foraging optima, ultimately decreasing intraspecific competition.
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17
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Siddall ME, Barkdull M, Tessler M, Brugler MR, Borda E, Hekkala E. Ideating iDNA: Lessons and limitations from leeches in legacy collections. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212226. [PMID: 30794582 PMCID: PMC6386349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Indirect methods for conducting faunal inventories present great promise, and genomic inventories derived from environmental sources (eDNA) are improving. Invertebrate ingested DNA (iDNA) from terrestrial leeches in the family Haemadipsidae has shown potential for surveying vertebrates and biodiversity monitoring in protected areas. Here we present an initial, and critical, evaluation of the limitations and biases of current iDNA protocols for biodiversity monitoring using both standard and NGS barcoding approaches. Key findings include the need for taxon relevant multi-locus markers and reference databases. In particular, the limitations of available reference databases have profound potential to mislead and bias eDNA and iDNA results if not critically interpreted. Nevertheless, there is great potential for recovery of amplifiable DNA from gut contents of invertebrate museum specimens which may reveal both temporal patterns and cryptic diversity in protected areas with increased efficiency. Our analyses of ingested DNA (iDNA) from both freshly stored and previously collected (legacy) samples of terrestrial leeches successfully identified vertebrates from Myanmar, Australia and Madagascar and indicate the potential to characterize microbial communities, pathogen diversity and interactions at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Siddall
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Megan Barkdull
- New College of Florida, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael Tessler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mercer R. Brugler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- Biological Sciences Department, NYC College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Borda
- Department of Science and Math, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Evon Hekkala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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18
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Schnell IB, Bohmann K, Schultze SE, Richter SR, Murray DC, Sinding MHS, Bass D, Cadle JE, Campbell MJ, Dolch R, Edwards DP, Gray TNE, Hansen T, Hoa ANQ, Noer CL, Heise-Pavlov S, Sander Pedersen AF, Ramamonjisoa JC, Siddall ME, Tilker A, Traeholt C, Wilkinson N, Woodcock P, Yu DW, Bertelsen MF, Bunce M, Gilbert MTP. Debugging diversity - a pan-continental exploration of the potential of terrestrial blood-feeding leeches as a vertebrate monitoring tool. Mol Ecol Resour 2018; 18:1282-1298. [PMID: 29877042 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) has become an applicable noninvasive tool with which to obtain information about biodiversity. A subdiscipline of eDNA is iDNA (invertebrate-derived DNA), where genetic material ingested by invertebrates is used to characterize the biodiversity of the species that served as hosts. While promising, these techniques are still in their infancy, as they have only been explored on limited numbers of samples from only a single or a few different locations. In this study, we investigate the suitability of iDNA extracted from more than 3,000 haematophagous terrestrial leeches as a tool for detecting a wide range of terrestrial vertebrates across five different geographical regions on three different continents. These regions cover almost the full geographical range of haematophagous terrestrial leeches, thus representing all parts of the world where this method might apply. We identify host taxa through metabarcoding coupled with high-throughput sequencing on Illumina and IonTorrent sequencing platforms to decrease economic costs and workload and thereby make the approach attractive for practitioners in conservation management. We identified hosts in four different taxonomic vertebrate classes: mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, belonging to at least 42 different taxonomic families. We find that vertebrate blood ingested by haematophagous terrestrial leeches throughout their distribution is a viable source of DNA with which to examine a wide range of vertebrates. Thus, this study provides encouraging support for the potential of haematophagous terrestrial leeches as a tool for detecting and monitoring terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Baerholm Schnell
- Section for EvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Section for EvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sebastian E Schultze
- Section for EvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine R Richter
- Section for EvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dáithí C Murray
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mikkel-Holger S Sinding
- Section for EvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Cefas, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - John E Cadle
- Centre ValBio, Ranomafana, Ifanadiana, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar
| | - Mason J Campbell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - David P Edwards
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Teis Hansen
- Section for EvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Lehmkuhl Noer
- Section for EvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sigrid Heise-Pavlov
- Centre for Rainforest Studies at the School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam F Sander Pedersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mark E Siddall
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Tilker
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.,Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, Texas
| | - Carl Traeholt
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Douglas W Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | | | - Michael Bunce
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Section for EvoGenomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Tessler M, Weiskopf SR, Berniker L, Hersch R, Mccarthy KP, Yu DW, Siddall ME. Bloodlines: mammals, leeches, and conservation in southern Asia. SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1433729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tessler
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Sarah R. Weiskopf
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, 531 South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lily Berniker
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Rebecca Hersch
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Kyle P. Mccarthy
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, 531 South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Douglas W. Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 32 Jiaochang Dong Lu, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Mark E. Siddall
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
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20
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Weiskopf SR, McCarthy KP, Tessler M, Rahman HA, McCarthy JL, Hersch R, Faisal MM, Siddall ME. Using terrestrial haematophagous leeches to enhance tropical biodiversity monitoring programmes in Bangladesh. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Weiskopf
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Kyle P. McCarthy
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Michael Tessler
- Richard Gilder Graduate School American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
| | - Hasan A. Rahman
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | | | - Rebecca Hersch
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
| | | | - Mark E. Siddall
- Richard Gilder Graduate School American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
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21
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Morishima K, Suzuki T, Aizawa M. Characterization of 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Japanese land leech. Parasitol Int 2017; 67:13-15. [PMID: 28987555 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We developed 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci of the Japanese land leech (Haemadipsa japonica; Haemadipsidea) using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach. A total of 42,064 nuclear DNA contigs were filtered for microsatellite motifs, among which 30,873 simple sequence repeat loci were identified. From these sequences, we selected 30 primer sets, and 13 of these loci were successfully amplified. Polymorphism of the 13 loci was tested using 16 individuals sampled from sixteen populations across Japan. The number of alleles and polymorphism information content varied from 5 to 17 and 0.335 to 0.883, respectively, and observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.143 to 0.875 and 0.349 to 0.893, respectively, indicating that these loci are polymorphic. Furthermore, we established useful multiplex PCR using these loci. The 13 microsatellite loci described in this paper are the first nuclear microsatellite markers for a land leech species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Morishima
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 350, Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350, Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Mineaki Aizawa
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350, Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
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22
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Gasiorek P, Rozycka H. Feeding strategies and competition between terrestrial Haemadipsa leeches (Euhirudinea: Arhynchobdellida) in Danum Valley rainforest (Borneo, Sabah). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2017; 64. [PMID: 28980971 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Haemadipsid leeches are among the most successful terrestrial invertebrates in Bornean rainforests. They are very common ectoparasites of vertebrates, and their abundance has facilitated the conduction of numerous projects in the fields of ecology, zoogeography and taxonomy. We undertook research on two species inhabiting lowland dipterocarp forest, Haemadipsa picta Moore, 1929 and Haemadipsa subagilis (Moore, 1929), in order to address the following questions: (a) is there a difference in leech abundance between trails and off-trails?; (b) is ambush location dependent on specimen size or is species-specific?; (c) is intra- and interspecific competition limited by differences in foraging behaviours or vertical niche partitioning? Our results clearly show that H. picta is more abundant on trails than on off-trails and is vertically dispersed within the understory; the size of a specimen is strongly correlated with plant height. Haemadipsa subagilis was found not to exhibit such patterns. We suggest a possible lowering of interspecific competition between these species as a result of: (i) size-dependent dispersion of H. picta (together with reduction of intraspecific competition); and (ii) habitat specialisation of H. subagilis. Moreover, we provide new observations on their foraging behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gasiorek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hanna Rozycka
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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23
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Nakano T. Diversity of Leeches from Japan: Recent Progress in Macrophagous and Blood-Feeding Taxa. SPECIES DIVERSITY OF ANIMALS IN JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56432-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Tessler M, Barrio A, Borda E, Rood-Goldman R, Hill M, Siddall ME. Description of a soft-bodied invertebrate with microcomputed tomography and revision of the genusChtonobdella(Hirudinea: Haemadipsidae). ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tessler
- Richard Gilder Graduate School; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York 10024 NY USA
| | - Amalie Barrio
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York 10024 NY USA
| | - Elizabeth Borda
- Department of Marine Biology; Texas A&M University at Galveston; 200 Seawolf Parkway Galveston TX 77554 USA
| | - Rebecca Rood-Goldman
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York 10024 NY USA
| | - Morgan Hill
- Microscopy and Imaging facilities; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA
| | - Mark E. Siddall
- Richard Gilder Graduate School; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; Central Park West at 79th Street New York 10024 NY USA
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25
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Won S, Park BK, Kim BJ, Kim HW, Kang JG, Park TS, Seo HY, Eun Y, Kim KG, Chae JS. Molecular Identification of Haemadipsa rjukjuana (Hirudiniformes: Haemadipsidae) in Gageo Island, Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:169-75. [PMID: 24850960 PMCID: PMC4028454 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There are 60 species of blood-feeding land leeches, 50 species belonging to the family Haemadipsidae and 10 species belonging to the family Xerobdellidae. Despite recent papers on the land leeches, their taxonomic identification is not fully understood, especially at a species level. In Korea, there have been no historical records of the terrestrial leeches, but recently an unrecorded blood-feeding land leech was discovered at Gageo-do (Island), Korea. Molecular analysis was used to identify the species of 29 leeches collected from Mt. Dock-Sil in Gageo-do. Conventional PCR was conducted using nuclear 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) genetic marker. The 18S rRNA sequences revealed that the leeches share 99.9% identity with Haemadipsa rjukjuana (inhabiting Taiwan), and the CO1 sequences revealed that the leeches are very close to H. rjukjuana (inhabiting Taiwan). The CO1 sequences were separated into 2 categories, 1 with 94.6% and the other with 94.3% similarity to the H. rjukjuana L00115A (inhabiting Taiwan). This new finding of the land leech is the first record in Korea. In addition, the north range of the distribution of the blood-feeding leech (Hirudiniformes: Haemadipisidae) should be reconsidered including Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Won
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Bae Keun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 306-764, Korea
| | - Baek Jun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jun Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Tae Seo Park
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 404-708, Korea
| | - Hong Yul Seo
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 404-708, Korea
| | - Ye Eun
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 404-708, Korea
| | - Ki Gyoung Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 404-708, Korea
| | - Joon Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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26
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Nakano T, Sung YH. A New Host Record forTritetrabdella taiwana(Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae) from the Asian Painted FrogKaloula pulchra(Anura: Microhylidae) in Hong Kong, China, with a Taxonomic Note onT. taiwana. COMP PARASITOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1654/4667.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Rocha R, Borda E, Andreone F, Rosa GM. First Reports of Leech Parasitism in Malagasy Anurans. COMP PARASITOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1654/4546.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Nakano T. A new sexannulate species of Orobdella (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae) from Yakushima Island, Japan. Zookeys 2012:79-93. [PMID: 22539913 PMCID: PMC3332023 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.181.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new sexannulate species of the genus Orobdella Oka, 1895, Orobdella mononokesp. n., is described on the basis of five specimens collected from Yakushima Island, Japan. Orobdella mononokesp. n. differs from other sexannulate Orobdella species in its possessing the following combination of characters: dorsal surface bicolor in life, I–XIII, XXVII and caudal sucker grayish purple, XIV–XXVI amber, male gonopore at XI c11/c12, female gonopore at XIII b2, 8 + 1/2 between gonopores, tubular but bulbous at junction with crop gastroporal duct, epididymides in XV–XIX, and atrial cornua ovate. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear 18S rDNA and histone H3, and mitochondrial COI, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12S rDNA, tRNAVal and 16S rDNA markers show that Orobdella mononokesp. n. is closely related to Orobdella esulcata Nakano, 2010 from Kyushu, Japan, and two species, Orobdella dolichopharynx Nakano, 2011 and Orobdella shimadae Nakano, 2011, from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Nakano
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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29
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Lai YT, Nakano T, Chen JH. Three species of land leeches from Taiwan, Haemadipsa rjukjuana comb. n., a new record for Haemadipsa picta Moore, and an updated description of Tritetrabdella taiwana (Oka). Zookeys 2011:1-22. [PMID: 22259307 PMCID: PMC3260908 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.139.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Three species of land leeches, including a new combination Haemadipsa rjukjuanacomb. n., a new record for Haemadipsa picta Moore, as well as an updated description for Tritetrabdella taiwana (Oka), are reported in this study. Morphological characters and DNA barcode analysis were used to identify these species. In addition, since Haemadipsa rjukjuana had been regarded as a variety of the Japanese land leech Haemadipsa japonica for a century, morphological differences between these two species were also compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Te Lai
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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30
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Abstract
The evolutionary history of leeches is employed as a general framework for understanding more than merely the systematics of this charismatic group of annelid worms, and serves as a basis for understanding blood-feeding related correlates ranging from the specifics of gut-associated bacterial symbionts to salivary anticoagulant peptides. A variety of medicinal leech families were examined for intraluminal crop bacterial symbionts. Species of Aeromonas and Bacteroidetes were characterized with DNA gyrase B and 16S rDNA. Bacteroidetes isolates were found to be much more phylogenetically diverse and suggested stronger evidence of phylogenetic correlation than the gammaproteobacteria. Patterns that look like co-speciation with limited taxon sampling do not in the full context of phylogeny. Bioactive compounds that are expressed as gene products, like those in leech salivary glands, have 'passed the test' of evolutionary selection. We produced and bioinformatically mined salivary gland EST libraries across medicinal leech lineages to experimentally and statistically evaluate whether evolutionary selection on peptides can identify structure-function activities of known therapeutically relevant bioactive compounds like antithrombin, hirudin and antistasin. The combined information content of a well corroborated leech phylogeny and broad taxonomic coverage of expressed proteins leads to a rich understanding of evolution and function in leech history.
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