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Levine DC, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. A metabolic perspective to sleep genetics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102874. [PMID: 38582021 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic signals that regulate sleep and the metabolic functions that occur during sleep are active areas of research. Prior studies have focused on sugars and nucleotides but new genetic evidence suggests novel functions of lipid and amino acid metabolites in sleep. Additional genetic studies of energetic signaling pathways and the circadian clock transcription factor network have increased our understanding of how sleep responds to changes in the metabolic state. This review focuses on key recent insights from genetic experiments in humans and model organisms to improve our understanding of the interrelationship between metabolism and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Levine
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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2
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Song X, Kirtipal N, Lee S, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Current therapeutic targets and multifaceted physiological impacts of caffeine. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5558-5598. [PMID: 37679309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, which shares consubstantial structural similarity with purine adenosine, has been demonstrated as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist for eliciting most of the biological functions at physiologically relevant dosages. Accumulating evidence supports caffeine's beneficial effects against different disorders, such as total cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, paradoxical effects are also linked to caffeine ingestion in humans including hypertension-hypotension and tachycardia-bradycardia. These observations suggest the association of caffeine action with its ingested concentration and/or concurrent interaction with preferential molecular targets to direct explicit events in the human body. Thus, a coherent analysis of the functional targets of caffeine, relevant to normal physiology, and disease pathophysiology, is required to understand the pharmacology of caffeine. This review provides a broad overview of the experimentally validated targets of caffeine, particularly those of therapeutic interest, and the impacts of caffeine on organ-specific physiology and pathophysiology. Overall, the available empirical and epidemiological evidence supports the dose-dependent functional activities of caffeine and advocates for further studies to get insights into the caffeine-induced changes under specific conditions, such as asthma, DNA repair, and cancer, in view of its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
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3
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Tichelman NL, Foerges AL, Elmenhorst EM, Lange D, Hennecke E, Baur DM, Beer S, Kroll T, Neumaier B, Bauer A, Landolt HP, Aeschbach D, Elmenhorst D. A genetic variation in the adenosine A2A receptor gene contributes to variability in oscillatory alpha power in wake and sleep EEG and A 1 adenosine receptor availability in the human brain. Neuroimage 2023; 280:120345. [PMID: 37625500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The EEG alpha rhythm (∼ 8-13 Hz) is one of the most salient human brain activity rhythms, modulated by the level of attention and vigilance and related to cerebral energy metabolism. Spectral power in the alpha range in wakefulness and sleep strongly varies among individuals based on genetic predisposition. Knowledge about the underlying genes is scarce, yet small studies indicated that the variant rs5751876 of the gene encoding A2A adenosine receptors (ADORA2A) may contribute to the inter-individual variation. The neuromodulator adenosine is directly linked to energy metabolism as product of adenosine tri-phosphate breakdown and acts as a sleep promoting molecule by activating A1 and A2A adenosine receptors. We performed sleep and positron emission tomography studies in 59 healthy carriers of different rs5751876 alleles, and quantified EEG oscillatory alpha power in wakefulness and sleep, as well as A1 adenosine receptor availability with 18F-CPFPX. Oscillatory alpha power was higher in homozygous C-allele carriers (n = 27, 11 females) compared to heterozygous and homozygous carriers of the T-allele (n(C/T) = 23, n(T/T) = 5, 13 females) (F(18,37) = 2.35, p = 0.014, Wilk's Λ = 0.487). Furthermore, a modulatory effect of ADORA2A genotype on A1 adenosine receptor binding potential was found across all considered brain regions (F(18,40) = 2.62, p = 0.006, Wilk's Λ = 0.459), which remained significant for circumscribed occipital region of calcarine fissures after correction for multiple comparisons. In female participants, a correlation between individual differences in oscillatory alpha power and A1 receptor availability was observed. In conclusion, we confirmed that a genetic variant of ADORA2A affects individual alpha power, while a direct modulatory effect via A1 adenosine receptors in females is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naemi L Tichelman
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia 52428, Germany
| | - Anna L Foerges
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia 52428, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Zoology (Bio-II), Worringerweg 3, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia 52074, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Elmenhorst
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 51147, Germany; Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia 52074, Germany
| | - Denise Lange
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 51147, Germany
| | - Eva Hennecke
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 51147, Germany
| | - Diego M Baur
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland and Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Beer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia 52428, Germany
| | - Tina Kroll
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia 52428, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia 52428, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia 52428, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland and Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 51147, Germany; Harvard Medical School, Division of Sleep Medicine, Suite BL-438, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia 53127, Germany
| | - David Elmenhorst
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia 52428, Germany; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Division of Medical Psychology, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia 53127, Germany; University Hospital Cologne, Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia 50937, Germany.
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4
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Michopoulou S, Prosser A, Kipps C, Dickson J, Guy M, Teeling J. Biomarkers of Inflammation Increase with Tau and Neurodegeneration but not with Amyloid-β in a Heterogenous Clinical Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1303-1314. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation is an integral part of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Inflammatory mediators can exacerbate the production of amyloid-β (Aβ), the propagation of tau pathology and neuronal loss. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between inflammation markers and established markers of AD in a mixed memory clinic cohort. Methods: 105 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a clinical cohort under investigation for cognitive complaints were analyzed. Levels of Aβ 42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau were measured as part of the clinical pathway. Analysis of inflammation markers in CSF samples was performed using multiplex immune assays. Participants were grouped according to their Aβ, tau, and neurodegeneration status and the Paris-Lille-Montpellier (PLM) scale was used to assess the likelihood of AD. Results: From 102 inflammatory markers analyzed, 19 and 23 markers were significantly associated with CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau levels respectively (p < 0.001), while none were associated with Aβ 42. The CSF concentrations of 4 inflammation markers were markedly elevated with increasing PLM class indicating increased likelihood of AD (p < 0.001). Adenosine deaminase, an enzyme involved in sleep homeostasis, was the single best predictor of high likelihood of AD (AUROC 0.788). Functional pathway analysis demonstrated a widespread role for inflammation in neurodegeneration, with certain pathways explaining over 30% of the variability in tau values. Conclusion: CSF inflammation markers increase significantly with tau and neurodegeneration, but not with Aβ in this mixed memory clinic cohort. Thus, such markers could become useful for the clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders alongside the established Aβ and tau measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Michopoulou
- Imaging Physics, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Interdisciplinary Dementia and Imaging Centre (iDeAC), Southampton, UK
| | - Angus Prosser
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Interdisciplinary Dementia and Imaging Centre (iDeAC), Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher Kipps
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Interdisciplinary Dementia and Imaging Centre (iDeAC), Southampton, UK
| | - John Dickson
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Matthew Guy
- Imaging Physics, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica Teeling
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Interdisciplinary Dementia and Imaging Centre (iDeAC), Southampton, UK
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5
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de Feijter M, Katimertzoglou A, Tiemensma J, Ikram MA, Luik AI. Polysomnography-estimated sleep and the negative feedback loop of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 141:105749. [PMID: 35427952 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and stress are highly interrelated. To improve our understanding of the role of sleep in functioning of the negative feedback loop of the stress system, we assessed the association between sleep and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in a population-based sample. METHODS This study included 403 participants (mean age: 62.4 ± 5.0 years, 55% women) of the population-based Rotterdam Study. Between 2012 and 2014, sleep was assessed with polysomnography. Functioning of the negative feedback loop of the HPA axis was estimated by measuring cortisol levels before and after the intake of a very low dose of dexamethasone (0.25 mg) on average 0.9 ± 37.8 days after the polysomnography. We used linear regression analyses adjusted for multiple confounders and performed sensitivity analyses in a sample excluding those with clinically relevant depressive symptoms and using psychoactive medicine, and a sample excluding non-suppressors. RESULTS Short N2 sleep (adjusted difference = 0.005, 95%CI = 0.002;0.009), long N3 sleep (adjusted difference = -0.007, 95%CI = -0.010;-0.003), and short sleep onset latency (adjusted difference = 0.006, 95%CI = 0.001;0.011) were associated with an enhanced response to dexamethasone, but the association of sleep onset latency did not survive multiple testing correction. Associations remained similar after excluding those with clinically relevant depressive symptoms and those using psychoactive medicine or exclusion of non-suppressors. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that more slow wave sleep is particularly associated with a stronger suppression of cortisol within the negative feedback loop of the HPA axis. These findings provide further support that slow wave sleep is important for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud de Feijter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Jitske Tiemensma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Reichert CF, Deboer T, Landolt HP. Adenosine, caffeine, and sleep-wake regulation: state of the science and perspectives. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13597. [PMID: 35575450 PMCID: PMC9541543 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For hundreds of years, mankind has been influencing its sleep and waking state through the adenosinergic system. For ~100 years now, systematic research has been performed, first started by testing the effects of different dosages of caffeine on sleep and waking behaviour. About 70 years ago, adenosine itself entered the picture as a possible ligand of the receptors where caffeine hooks on as an antagonist to reduce sleepiness. Since the scientific demonstration that this is indeed the case, progress has been fast. Today, adenosine is widely accepted as an endogenous sleep‐regulatory substance. In this review, we discuss the current state of the science in model organisms and humans on the working mechanisms of adenosine and caffeine on sleep. We critically investigate the evidence for a direct involvement in sleep homeostatic mechanisms and whether the effects of caffeine on sleep differ between acute intake and chronic consumption. In addition, we review the more recent evidence that adenosine levels may also influence the functioning of the circadian clock and address the question of whether sleep homeostasis and the circadian clock may interact through adenosinergic signalling. In the final section, we discuss the perspectives of possible clinical applications of the accumulated knowledge over the last century that may improve sleep‐related disorders. We conclude our review by highlighting some open questions that need to be answered, to better understand how adenosine and caffeine exactly regulate and influence sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Franziska Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Fukumoto K, Ito K, Saer B, Taylor G, Ye S, Yamano M, Toriba Y, Hayes A, Okamura H, Fustin JM. Excess S-adenosylmethionine inhibits methylation via catabolism to adenine. Commun Biol 2022; 5:313. [PMID: 35383287 PMCID: PMC8983724 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The global dietary supplement market is valued at over USD 100 billion. One popular dietary supplement, S-adenosylmethionine, is marketed to improve joints, liver health and emotional well-being in the US since 1999, and has been a prescription drug in Europe to treat depression and arthritis since 1975, but recent studies questioned its efficacy. In our body, S-adenosylmethionine is critical for the methylation of nucleic acids, proteins and many other targets. The marketing of SAM implies that more S-adenosylmethionine is better since it would stimulate methylations and improve health. Previously, we have shown that methylation reactions regulate biological rhythms in many organisms. Here, using biological rhythms to assess the effects of exogenous S-adenosylmethionine, we reveal that excess S-adenosylmethionine disrupts rhythms and, rather than promoting methylation, is catabolized to adenine and methylthioadenosine, toxic methylation inhibitors. These findings further our understanding of methyl metabolism and question the safety of S-adenosylmethionine as a supplement. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a widely available dietary supplement. Exogenous SAM is catabolized to adenine, an inhibitor of adenosylhomocysteinase, leading to widespread methylation inhibition and disruption of circadian rhythms in vitro and in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Fukumoto
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto, Japan.,Kokando Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kakeru Ito
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Benjamin Saer
- The University of Manchester, Centre for Biological Timing, Manchester, UK
| | - George Taylor
- The University of Manchester, BioMS Core Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - Shiqi Ye
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto, Japan.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mayu Yamano
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Toriba
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto, Japan.,Master's Programme in Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew Hayes
- The University of Manchester, Genomics Technologies Core Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Jean-Michel Fustin
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Molecular Metabology, Kyoto, Japan. .,The University of Manchester, Centre for Biological Timing, Manchester, UK.
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8
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Zhang F, Xiong Y, Qin F, Yuan J. Short Sleep Duration and Erectile Dysfunction: A Review of the Literature. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1945-1961. [PMID: 36325277 PMCID: PMC9621223 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s375571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The meaning of sleep has puzzled people for millennia. In modern society, short sleep duration is becoming a global problem. It has been established that short sleep duration can increase the risk of several diseases, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Currently, a growing body of research has revealed a possible link between sleep disorders and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the mechanisms linking short sleep duration and ED are largely unknown. Thus, we provide a review of clinical trials and animal studies. In this review, we propose putative pathways connecting short sleep duration and ED, including neuroendocrine pathways and molecular mechanisms, aiming to pave the way for future research. Meanwhile, the assessment and improvement of sleep quality should be recommended in the diagnosis and treatment of ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxun Zhang
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiong
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qin
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuhong Yuan
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lunsford-Avery JR, Edinger JD, Krystal AD. Overnight Delta Dynamics Associated with Daytime Psychomotor Performance in Adults with Insomnia and Healthy Controls. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:217-230. [PMID: 35210889 PMCID: PMC8860757 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s330939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep is vital to cognition, yet underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although sleep duration and continuity are two well-established contributors, additional factors-including homeostatic sleep drive processes-may also underlie cognition-related sleep restoration. This study investigates the relative contributions of sleep EEG factors to psychomotor functioning in adults with insomnia and healthy controls (HC) to identify the most significant sleep factors supporting psychomotor functioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adults with insomnia (n = 37) and HC (n = 39) completed 3 nights of polysomnography and a complex psychomotor task (switching attention task; SAT). Univariate correlations identified the most significant predictors (traditional PSG, spectral EEG, initial delta peak, and overnight delta decline) of SAT performance, which were then entered into multivariable linear regressions examining whether predictors remained significant after accounting for shortened/fragmented sleep and whether relationships differed across groups. RESULTS In addition to greater wake after sleep onset (WASO; r = 0.33), a slower overnight delta decline (r = 0.50) and a lower initial delta peak (r = -0.38) were the most significant predictors of poorer SAT performance. Both overnight delta decline (F(7, 68) = 12.52, p < 0.001) and initial delta peak (F(7, 68) = 7.85, p = 0.007) remained significant predictors after controlling for demographics, total sleep time, and WASO. Relationships were analogous across subject groups. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that, in addition to sleep duration and continuity, processes related to recovery from and dissipation of homeostatic sleep drive may support psychomotor performance and broadly support daytime functioning in individuals with and without insomnia. Future research may examine overnight delta dynamics as transdiagnostic processes supporting cognition-related sleep restoration across a range of clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Lunsford-Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jack D Edinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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10
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Fournier S, Dauvilliers Y, Warby SC, Labrecque M, Zadra A, Boucetta S, El Gewely M, Kaddioui H, Lopez R, Montplaisir JY, Bareke E, Tétreault M, Desautels A. Does the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene confer risk of sleepwalking? J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13537. [PMID: 34913218 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleepwalking is a common non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnia and a significant cause of sleep-related injuries. While evidence suggest that the occurrence of this condition is partly determined by genetic factors, its pattern of inheritance remains unclear, and few molecular studies have been conducted. One promising candidate is the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene. Adenosine and the ADA enzyme play an important role in the homeostatic regulation of NREM sleep. In a single sleepwalking family, genome-wide analysis identified a locus on chromosome 20, where ADA lies. In this study, we examined if variants in the ADA gene were associated with sleepwalking. In total, 251 sleepwalking patients were clinically assessed, and DNA samples were compared to those from 94 unaffected controls. Next-generation sequencing of the whole ADA gene was performed. Bio-informatic analysis enabled the identification of variants and assessed variants enrichment in our cohort compared to controls. We detected 25 different coding and non-coding variants, of which 22 were found among sleepwalkers. None were enriched in the sleepwalking population. However, many missense variants were predicted as likely pathogenic by at least two in silico prediction algorithms. This study involves the largest sleepwalking cohort in which the role of a susceptibility gene was investigated. Our results did not reveal an association between ADA gene and sleepwalking, thus ruling out the possibility of ADA as a major genetic factor for this condition. Future work is needed to identify susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Fournier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy-Rare Hypersomnias, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon C Warby
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marjorie Labrecque
- Department of Bioinformatics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,CHUM Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Antonio Zadra
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Soufiane Boucetta
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Maryam El Gewely
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Houda Kaddioui
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Régis Lopez
- Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy-Rare Hypersomnias, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Y Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Martine Tétreault
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,CHUM Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alex Desautels
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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11
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Chellappa SL, Aeschbach D. Sleep and anxiety: From mechanisms to interventions. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 61:101583. [PMID: 34979437 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most common mental health problem worldwide. Epidemiological studies show that sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, affect ∼50% of individuals with anxiety, and that insufficient sleep can instigate or further exacerbate it. This review outlines brain mechanisms underlying sleep and anxiety, by addressing recent human functional/structural imaging studies on brain networks underlying the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss, and the beneficial effect of sleep on these brain networks. We discuss recent developments from human molecular imaging studies that highlight the role of specific brain neurotransmitter mechanisms, such as the adenosinergic receptor system, on anxiety, arousal, and sleep. This review further discusses frontline sleep interventions aimed at enhancing sleep in individuals experiencing anxiety, such as nonbenzodiazepines/antidepressants, lifestyle and sleep interventions and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Notwithstanding therapeutic success, up to ∼30% of individuals with anxiety can be nonresponsive to frontline treatments. Thus, we address novel non-invasive brain stimulation techniques that can enhance electroencephalographic slow waves, and might help alleviate sleep and anxiety symptoms. Collectively, these findings contribute to an emerging biological framework that elucidates the interrelationship between sleep and anxiety, and highlight the prospect of slow wave sleep as a potential therapeutic target for reducing anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chellappa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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12
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Genetics and Cognitive Vulnerability to Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Subjects: Interaction of ADORA2A, TNF-α and COMT Polymorphisms. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101110. [PMID: 34685481 PMCID: PMC8540997 DOI: 10.3390/life11101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genetic polymorphisms differentiate between healthy individuals who are more cognitively vulnerable or resistant during total sleep deprivation (TSD). Common metrics of cognitive functioning for classifying vulnerable and resilient individuals include the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Go/noGo executive inhibition task, and subjective daytime sleepiness. We evaluated the influence of 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on cognitive responses during total sleep deprivation (continuous wakefulness for 38 h) in 47 healthy subjects (age 37.0 ± 1.1 years). SNPs selected after a literature review included SNPs of the adenosine-A2A receptor gene (including the most studied rs5751876), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6), catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT), and PER3. Subjects performed a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) and a Go/noGo-inhibition task, and completed the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) every 6 h during TSD. For PVT lapses (reaction time >500 ms), an interaction between SNP and SDT (p < 0.05) was observed for ADORA2A (rs5751862 and rs2236624) and TNF-α (rs1800629). During TSD, carriers of the A allele for ADORA2A (rs5751862) and TNF-α were significantly more impaired for cognitive responses than their respective ancestral G/G genotypes. Carriers of the ancestral G/G genotype of ADORA2A rs5751862 were found to be very similar to the most resilient subjects for PVT lapses and Go/noGo commission errors. Carriers of the ancestral G/G genotype of COMT were close to the most vulnerable subjects. ADORA2A (rs5751862) was significantly associated with COMT (rs4680) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, we show that genetic polymorphisms in ADORA2A (rs5751862), TNF-α (rs1800629), and COMT (rs4680) are involved in creating profiles of high vulnerability or high resilience to sleep deprivation. (NCT03859882).
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13
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Bjorness TE, Greene RW. Interaction between cocaine use and sleep behavior: A comprehensive review of cocaine's disrupting influence on sleep behavior and sleep disruptions influence on reward seeking. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 206:173194. [PMID: 33940055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine, orexin (hypocretin), and adenosine systems have dual roles in reward and sleep/arousal suggesting possible mechanisms whereby drugs of abuse may influence both reward and sleep/arousal. While considerable variability exists across studies, drugs of abuse such as cocaine induce an acute sleep loss followed by an immediate recovery pattern that is consistent with a normal response to loss of sleep. Under more chronic cocaine exposure conditions, an abnormal recovery pattern is expressed that includes a retention of sleep disturbance under withdrawal and into abstinence conditions. Conversely, experimentally induced sleep disturbance can increase cocaine seeking. Thus, complementary, sleep-related therapeutic approaches may deserve further consideration along with development of non-human models to better characterize sleep disturbance-reward seeking interactions across drug experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Bjorness
- Research Service, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75126, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
| | - Robert W Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
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14
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A Functional Adenosine Deaminase Polymorphism Associates with Evening Melatonin Levels and Sleep Quality. J Circadian Rhythms 2021; 19:5. [PMID: 33981350 PMCID: PMC8086720 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased adenosine levels throughout the day promote sleepiness. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the adenosine deaminase ADA gene (rs73598374) has been shown to affect sleep regulation. The extent to which lower ADA enzymatic activity is associated with the homeostatic sleep factor, melatonin, is uncertain. To test this possibility, we assessed the relationship between the ADA polymorphism and evening melatonin levels, as well as self-reported sleep behavior. Given the close relationship between mood and sleep behavior, we further tested the impact of ADA genotype on self-reported mood. We show that relative to the GG homozygotes, the A allele carriers (higher adenosine levels) had significantly higher evening melatonin levels as well as significantly better sleep quality. We further show the correlations between sleep and mood measures were altered by ADA genotype, with a stronger relationship observed in the GG (lower adenosine) group. Combined, these findings advance our understanding of the biochemistry of melatonin production by showing that there is a relationship between ADA genotype and melatonin levels. The differential relationships between sleep and psychological health between the genotype groups may reveal novel insights about the development of genotype-specific progression of various psychological disorders such as chronic anxiety and stress.
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15
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Kafle OP, Cheng S, Ma M, Li P, Cheng B, Zhang L, Wen Y, Liang C, Qi X, Zhang F. Identifying insomnia-related chemicals through integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies and chemical-genes interaction information. Sleep 2021; 43:5805199. [PMID: 32170308 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Insomnia is a common sleep disorder and constitutes a major issue in modern society. We provide new clues for revealing the association between environmental chemicals and insomnia. METHODS Three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary datasets of insomnia (n = 113,006, n = 1,331,010, and n = 453,379, respectively) were driven from the UK Biobank, 23andMe, and deCODE. The chemical-gene interaction dataset was downloaded from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. First, we conducted a meta-analysis of the three datasets of insomnia using the METAL software. Using the result of meta-analysis, transcriptome-wide association studies were performed to calculate the expression association testing statistics of insomnia. Then chemical-related gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the association between chemicals and insomnia. RESULTS For GWAS meta-analysis dataset of insomnia, we identified 42 chemicals associated with insomnia in brain tissue (p < 0.05) by GSEA. We detected five important chemicals such as pinosylvin (p = 0.0128), bromobenzene (p = 0.0134), clonidine (p = 0.0372), gabapentin (p = 0.0372), and melatonin (p = 0.0404) which are directly associated with insomnia. CONCLUSION Our study results provide new clues for revealing the roles of environmental chemicals in the development of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Kafle
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Energy Drinks and Sports Performance, Cardiovascular Risk, and Genetic Associations; Future Prospects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030715. [PMID: 33668219 PMCID: PMC7995988 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of energy drinks (e.g., containing caffeine and taurine) has increased over the last decade among adolescents and athletes to enhance their cognitive level and improve intellectual and athletic performance. Numerous studies have shown that drinking moderate doses of such drinks produces beneficial effects, as they considerably boost the sporting performance of elite athletes in various sports, including both endurance and explosive events. However, apart from their ergogenic effects, the regular consumption of energy drinks also increases blood pressure and consequently incites problems such as hypertension, tachycardia, and nervousness, all of which can lead to cardiovascular disorders. A potential positive correlation between genetics and the moderate consumption of energy drinks and athletic performance has recently been reported; notwithstanding, a better understanding of the genetic variants involved in metabolism is a key area for future research to optimize the dose of energy drink consumed and obtain the maximal ergogenic effect in elite sports. The aim of this literature review, therefore, is to present the results of recent studies, classifying them according to the differences in the associations between energy drinks and: (i) Athletic performance; (ii) cardiovascular risk factors while practicing sports; and (iii) genetic associations and future prospects between the consumption of energy drinks and performance.
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17
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Changed signals of blood adenosine and cytokines are associated with parameters of sleep and/or cognition in the patients with chronic insomnia disorder. Sleep Med 2021; 81:42-51. [PMID: 33636543 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether plasma levels of adenosine, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and certain cytokines change in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID), and if so, whether these alterations are associated with poor sleep quality and cognitive dysfunction. METHODS Fifty-five CID patients were selected for the study, along with fifty-five healthy controls (HC) matched to the patients according to their basic data. All subjects completed sleep, emotion, and cognition assessments, with some CID patients also completing an overnight polysomnography. The plasma level of adenosine was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, while ADA level was quantified using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, were measured using Luminex liquid chip technology. RESULTS CID patients had a lower adenosine level, and higher levels of ADA and some of the cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) compared with controls. In the CID group, plasma concentrations of adenosine were negatively correlated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, while concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were positively correlated with these scores. Concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were negatively correlated with scores on the Chinese-Beijing Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Moreover, levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-2 were positively correlated with memory test errors by CID patients after controlling for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The reduced adenosine and elevated cytokine levels of CID patients were associated with the severity of insomnia and/or cognitive dysfunction.
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He X, Qiu JC, Lu KY, Guo HL, Li L, Jia WW, Ni MM, Liu Y, Xu J, Chen F, Cheng R. Therapy for Apnoea of Prematurity: A Retrospective Study on Effects of Standard Dose and Genetic Variability on Clinical Response to Caffeine Citrate in Chinese Preterm Infants. Adv Ther 2021; 38:607-626. [PMID: 33180318 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apnoea of prematurity (AOP) is among the most common diagnoses in the neonatal intensive care unit. Caffeine treatment is a preferred treatment choice. However, neonatal caffeine therapy results in significant intersubject variability. This study aimed to determine the effects of plasma caffeine levels based on standard dose and genetic variability on clinical response to caffeine citrate in Chinese preterm infants. METHODS This single-center and retrospective study examined data from 112 preterm infants (< 35 weeks gestational age) between July 2017 and July 2018. Subjects were divided into apnoea-free (n = 48) and apnoeic (n = 64) groups, and their clinical outcomes were summarized. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure levels of caffeine and its primary metabolites. Eighty-eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms were chosen for genotyping by a MassARRAY system. RESULTS Preterm infants in the apnoea-free group were associated with a reduction in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and a reduced requirement for patent ductus arteriosus ligation. No significant association was observed between plasma-trough-concentration-to-dose (C0/D) ratio and birth weight, gestational age, or postnatal age in either group. Polymorphisms in CYP1A2 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) genes did not affect plasma caffeine levels. Polymorphisms in adenosine receptor genes ADORA1 (rs10920568 and rs12744240), ADORA2A (rs34923252 and rs5996696), and ADORA3 (rs10776727 and rs2298191), especially in AHR (rs4410790) and adenosine deaminase (rs521704), play critical roles in the interindividual response to caffeine therapy. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms in caffeine's target receptors, but not the exposure levels based on the standard dosing, were associated with variable responses to caffeine therapy in preterm neonates. Future studies are needed to uncover how these genetic variants affect responses to caffeine therapy in this patient population.
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Herrero San Martin A, Parra Serrano J, Diaz Cambriles T, Arias Arias EM, Muñoz Méndez J, Del Yerro Álvarez MJ, González Sánchez M. Sleep characteristics in health workers exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2020; 75:388-394. [PMID: 32950884 PMCID: PMC7429626 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of sleep disorders, and specifically insomnia, has been linked to the exposure to different stressors. In this line, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has caused a huge impact on our environment, and has exposed healthcare workers to an unprecedented threat. In this study, we try to assess sleep quality and the development of sleep disorders in health personnel directly dedicated to the care of COVID-19 patients at the height of the pandemic, compared to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, anonymized, self-reported questionnaire survey was carried out at the "12 de Octubre" Hospital, in Madrid, Spain, during the outbreak of COVID-19, from March 1st to April 30th 2020. We compared two groups, healthcare workers who have treated directly COVID-19 patients versus non-healthcare workers. The questionnaire included demographic data, sleep related aspects, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and 17-items Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS). RESULTS In total 170 participants completed the questionnaire successfully, 100 healthcare workers and 70 non-healthcare workers. Self-reported insomnia, nightmares, sleepwalking, sleep terrors and PSQI>6 were more frequent in the healthcare group (p < 0,05). Shift work was associated to greater risk when performing multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS We observed that, during the outbreak of COVID-19, healthcare workers on the front line developed more sleep disturbances than non-healthcare professionals, and they had worse quality of sleep. Special attention should be paid to shift workers. Concrete protection and prevention measures for particularly exposed population should be considered in pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Herrero San Martin
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Trinidad Diaz Cambriles
- Department of Neumology, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Arias Arias
- Department of Neumology, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Muñoz Méndez
- Department of Neumology, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Del Yerro Álvarez
- Department of Psychiatry Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta González Sánchez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario, "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Van Someren EJW. Brain mechanisms of insomnia: new perspectives on causes and consequences. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:995-1046. [PMID: 32790576 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00046.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While insomnia is the second most common mental disorder, progress in our understanding of underlying neurobiological mechanisms has been limited. The present review addresses the definition and prevalence of insomnia and explores its subjective and objective characteristics across the 24-hour day. Subsequently, the review extensively addresses how the vulnerability to develop insomnia is affected by genetic variants, early life stress, major life events, and brain structure and function. Further supported by the clear mental health risks conveyed by insomnia, the integrated findings suggest that the vulnerability to develop insomnia could rather be found in brain circuits regulating emotion and arousal than in circuits involved in circadian and homeostatic sleep regulation. Finally, a testable model is presented. The model proposes that in people with a vulnerability to develop insomnia, the locus coeruleus is more sensitive to-or receives more input from-the salience network and related circuits, even during rapid eye movement sleep, when it should normally be sound asleep. This vulnerability may ignite a downward spiral of insufficient overnight adaptation to distress, resulting in accumulating hyperarousal, which, in turn, impedes restful sleep and moreover increases the risk of other mental health adversity. Sensitized brain circuits are likely to be subjectively experienced as "sleeping with one eye open". The proposed model opens up the possibility for novel intervention studies and animal studies, thus accelerating the ignition of a neuroscience of insomnia, which is direly needed for better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Ren R, Covassin N, Zhang Y, Lei F, Yang L, Zhou J, Tan L, Li T, Li Y, Shi J, Lu L, Somers VK, Tang X. Interaction Between Slow Wave Sleep and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Prevalent Hypertension. Hypertension 2020; 75:516-523. [PMID: 31865784 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to frequent abnormal breathing events and their effects on sleep architecture, patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibit decreased amounts of slow wave sleep (SWS). Reduced SWS has been linked to hypertension in community-based studies. We sought to investigate whether SWS percentage modifies the association between OSA and prevalent hypertension. We studied 7107 patients with OSA and 1118 primary snorers who underwent in-laboratory polysomnography. Patients were classified into quartiles of percent SWS. Hypertension was defined based either on clinic blood pressure measures or on physician diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression model showed a significant interaction effect of OSA and SWS on prevalent hypertension (P=0.002). Decreased SWS was associated with higher odds for hypertension in OSA but not in primary snoring, with patients with OSA exhibiting <0.1% SWS (OR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.21-1.70]; P=0.001) and those with 0.1% to 4.8% SWS (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.03-1.40]; P=0.02) being more likely to have hypertension compared with those with >11.1% SWS. In analysis stratified by OSA severity, significant associations between percent SWS and blood pressure emerged only in moderate and severe OSA. Effect modifications by sex (P=0.040) and age (P=0.007) were also only evident in OSA, indicating that decreased SWS was associated with hypertension only in men and in patients <60 years old. Decreased SWS is associated with a dose-dependent increase in odds of prevalent hypertension in patients with OSA. The effects of SWS are likely to be modulated by OSA severity. SWS may be implicated in the heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases exhibited by patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ren
- From the Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (R.R., Y.Z., F.L., L.Y., J.Z., L.T., T.L., X.T.)
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (N.C., V.K.S.)
| | - Ye Zhang
- From the Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (R.R., Y.Z., F.L., L.Y., J.Z., L.T., T.L., X.T.)
| | - Fei Lei
- From the Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (R.R., Y.Z., F.L., L.Y., J.Z., L.T., T.L., X.T.)
| | - Linghui Yang
- From the Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (R.R., Y.Z., F.L., L.Y., J.Z., L.T., T.L., X.T.)
| | - Junying Zhou
- From the Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (R.R., Y.Z., F.L., L.Y., J.Z., L.T., T.L., X.T.)
| | - Lu Tan
- From the Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (R.R., Y.Z., F.L., L.Y., J.Z., L.T., T.L., X.T.)
| | - Taomei Li
- From the Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (R.R., Y.Z., F.L., L.Y., J.Z., L.T., T.L., X.T.)
| | - Yun Li
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China (Y.L.)
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (L.L., J.S.)
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (L.L., J.S.)
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (N.C., V.K.S.)
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- From the Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, State Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (R.R., Y.Z., F.L., L.Y., J.Z., L.T., T.L., X.T.)
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Erblang M, Drogou C, Gomez-Merino D, Metlaine A, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Thomas C, Sauvet F, Chennaoui M. The Impact of Genetic Variations in ADORA2A in the Association between Caffeine Consumption and Sleep. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E1021. [PMID: 31817803 PMCID: PMC6947650 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ADORA2A has been shown to be responsible for the wakefulness-promoting effect of caffeine and the 1976T>C genotype (SNP rs5751876, formerly 1083T>C) to contribute to individual sensitivity to caffeine effects on sleep. We investigate the association between six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from ADORA2A and self-reported sleep characteristics and caffeine consumption in 1023 active workers of European ancestry aged 18-60 years. Three groups of caffeine consumers were delineated: low (0-50 mg/day, less than one expresso per day), moderate (51-300 mg/day), and high (>300 mg/day). We found that at caffeine levels higher than 300 mg/day, total sleep time (TST) decreased (F = 13.9, p < 0.01), with an increase of insomnia (ORa [95%CI] = 1.5 [1.1-1.9]) and sleep complaints (ORa [95%CI] = 1.9 [1.1-3.3]), whatever the ADORA2A polymorphism. Odds ratios were adjusted (ORa) for sex, age, and tobacco. However, in low caffeine consumers, lower TST was observed in the T allele compared to homozygote rs5751876 and rs3761422 C carriers. Conversely, higher TST was observed in rs2298383 T allele compared to C and in rs4822492G allele compared to the homozygote C (p < 0.05). These 4 SNPs are in strong linkage disequilibrium. Haplotype analysis confirmed the influence of multiple ADORA2a SNPs on TST. In addition, the rs2298383 T and rs4822492 G alleles were associated with higher risk of sleep complaints (Ora = 1.9 [1.2-3.1] and Ora = 1.5 [1.1-2.1]) and insomnia (Ora = 1.5 [1.3-2.5] and Ora = 1.9 [1.3-3.2). The rs5751876 T allele was associated with a decreased risk of sleep complaints (Ora = 0.7 [0.3-0.9]) and insomnia (Ora = 0.5 [0.3-0.9]). Our results identified ADORA2A polymorphism influences in the less-than-300-mg-per-day caffeine consumers. This opens perspectives on the diagnosis and pharmacology of sleep complaints and caffeine chronic consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Erblang
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (D.G.-M.); (F.S.)
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (D.G.-M.); (F.S.)
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (D.G.-M.); (F.S.)
| | - Arnaud Metlaine
- EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France; (A.B.)
| | - Jean François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France; (A.B.)
| | - Claire Thomas
- Unité de Biologie Intégrative des Adaptations à l’Exercice, Université Evry, Université, Paris-Saclay, 91025 Evry, France;
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (D.G.-M.); (F.S.)
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France; (M.E.); (C.D.); (D.G.-M.); (F.S.)
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23
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Philip P, Taillard J, Micoulaud-Franchi JA. Sleep Restriction, Sleep Hygiene, and Driving Safety: The Importance of Situational Sleepiness. Sleep Med Clin 2019; 14:407-412. [PMID: 31640868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-related accidents are a frequent cause of death and injury in the world. Poor sleep hygiene is responsible for sleep deprivation, which is clearly associated with an increased risk of accidents. Evidence shows that self-reported sleepiness at the wheel and reporting of inappropriate line-crossings are strong predictors of accident risk. Although the Epworth sleepiness scale is widely used in clinical practice, it is not the best to evaluate driving risks. Simple questions on the occurrence of near misses and sleepiness at the wheel should be asked systematically to address the issue of fitness to drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Philip
- USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY Sommeil, Addiction et NeuroPSYchiatrie, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY, USR 3413, Université Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amelie Raba Leon, Bordeaux 33000, France; Sleep Clinic, CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Jacques Taillard
- USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY Sommeil, Addiction et NeuroPSYchiatrie, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY, USR 3413, Université Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amelie Raba Leon, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi
- USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY Sommeil, Addiction et NeuroPSYchiatrie, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY, USR 3413, Université Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Place Amelie Raba Leon, Bordeaux 33000, France; Sleep Clinic, CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France
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24
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Huang W, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Xu F. Metabolomics-driven identification of adenosine deaminase as therapeutic target in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2019; 150:282-295. [PMID: 31121068 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the driving forces of progressive neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). The metabolomics approach has been proved highly useful in identifying potential therapeutic targets. Here, to identify inflammation-relevant treatment targets for PD, mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics was applied to characterize metabolic changes in the striatum of mice with double-hit PD induced by lipopolysaccharide plus 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Seven days after the final MPTP administration, metabolites from the purine metabolism pathway, including adenosine, 1-methyladenosine, adenine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, xanthosine, and guanosine, were found to be significantly dysregulated. The metabolite-protein interaction network and changes in the concentration ratio of these metabolites indicated that adenosine and adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) were the most promising therapeutic targets and adenosine augmentation might be a rational approach to slow PD progression. These findings were then verified in a subacute MPTP-induced PD mouse model treated with ADA inhibition alone or in conjunction with antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R). Behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that ADA inhibition significantly ameliorated the MPTP-mediated motor disabilities, dopamine depletion, and dopaminergic cell death. Significantly enhanced neuroprotective effects were further observed when the ADA inhibitor was utilized in conjunction with an A2A R antagonist. Together, our study indicated for the first time that ADA inhibitors protected against neurodegeneration induced by the neurotoxin MPTP, and ADA inhibitors in combination with A2A R antagonists showed additive antiparkinsonian effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P. R.China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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25
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Banfi T, Coletto E, d'Ascanio P, Dario P, Menciassi A, Faraguna U, Ciuti G. Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Surgeons Dexterity. Front Neurol 2019; 10:595. [PMID: 31244758 PMCID: PMC6579828 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is an ordinary aspect in the global society and its prevalence is increasing. Chronic and acute sleep deprivation have been linked to diabetes and heart diseases as well as depression and enhanced impulsive behaviors. Surgeons are often exposed to long hour on call and few hours of sleep in the previous days. Nevertheless, few studies have focused their attention on the effects of sleep deprivation on surgeons and more specifically on the effects of sleep deprivation on surgical dexterity, often relying on virtual surgical simulators. A better understanding of the consequences of sleep loss on the key surgical skill of dexterity can shed light on the possible risks associated to a sleepy surgeon. In this paper, the authors aim to provide a comprehensive review of the relationship between sleep deprivation and surgical dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Banfi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Erika Coletto
- Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Quadram Institute of Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Paola d'Ascanio
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Dario
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gastone Ciuti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
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26
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Léger D, Debellemaniere E, Rabat A, Bayon V, Benchenane K, Chennaoui M. Slow-wave sleep: From the cell to the clinic. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 41:113-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Zhang L, Fu YH. The molecular genetics of human sleep. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:422-428. [PMID: 30144347 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for many years that genetic influences account for some of the individual differences in human sleep parameters, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. With major advances of molecular biology and the recognition of heritable sleep behaviors in humans over the past 30 years, a number of genetic variants have been identified to be associated with human sleep timing, duration and quality, both in healthy individuals and under pathological conditions. Some of these variants were further validated and characterized in animal models, shedding light on the mechanism of how these variants likely alter sleep in humans, which may provide new insights into developing more effective treatments to improve human sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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28
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Bunford N, Reicher V, Kis A, Pogány Á, Gombos F, Bódizs R, Gácsi M. Differences in pre-sleep activity and sleep location are associated with variability in daytime/nighttime sleep electrophysiology in the domestic dog. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7109. [PMID: 29740040 PMCID: PMC5940857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is a promising animal model. Yet, the canine neuroscience literature is predominantly comprised of studies wherein (semi-)invasive methods and intensive training are used to study awake dog behavior. Given prior findings with humans and/or dogs, our goal was to assess, in 16 family dogs (1.5-7 years old; 10 males; 10 different breeds) the effects of pre-sleep activity and timing and location of sleep on sleep electrophysiology. All three factors had a main and/or interactive effect on sleep macrostructure. Following an active day, dogs slept more, were more likely to have an earlier drowsiness and NREM, and spent less time in drowsiness and more time in NREM and REM. Activity also had location- and time of day-specific effects. Time of day had main effects; at nighttime, dogs slept more and spent less time in drowsiness and awake after first drowsiness, and more time in NREM and in REM. Location had a main effect; when not at home, REM sleep following a first NREM was less likely. Findings are consistent with and extend prior human and dog data and have implications for the dog as an animal model and for informing future comparative research on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Bunford
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Biology, Department of Ethology, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Vivien Reicher
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Cognitive Science, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Kis
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Pogány
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Biology, Department of Ethology, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gombos
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2087, Piliscsaba, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Cognitive Science, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Biology, Department of Ethology, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Nehlig A. Interindividual Differences in Caffeine Metabolism and Factors Driving Caffeine Consumption. Pharmacol Rev 2018. [PMID: 29514871 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most individuals adjust their caffeine intake according to the objective and subjective effects induced by the methylxanthine. However, to reach the desired effects, the quantity of caffeine consumed varies largely among individuals. It has been known for decades that the metabolism, clearance, and pharmacokinetics of caffeine is affected by many factors such as age, sex and hormones, liver disease, obesity, smoking, and diet. Caffeine also interacts with many medications. All these factors will be reviewed in the present document and discussed in light of the most recent data concerning the genetic variability affecting caffeine levels and effects at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic levels that both critically drive the level of caffeine consumption. The pharmacokinetics of caffeine are highly variable among individuals due to a polymorphism at the level of the CYP1A2 isoform of cytochrome P450, which metabolizes 95% of the caffeine ingested. Moreover there is a polymorphism at the level of another critical enzyme, N-acetyltransferase 2. At the pharmacodynamic level, there are several polymorphisms at the main brain target of caffeine, the adenosine A2A receptor or ADORA2. Genetic studies, including genome-wide association studies, identified several loci critically involved in caffeine consumption and its consequences on sleep, anxiety, and potentially in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. We start reaching a better picture on how a multiplicity of biologic mechanisms seems to drive the levels of caffeine consumption, although much more knowledge is still required to understand caffeine consumption and effects on body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Nehlig
- INSERM U 1129, Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, Inserm U1129, Paris, France
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30
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Kerpershoek ML, Antypa N, Van den Berg JF. Evening use of caffeine moderates the relationship between caffeine consumption and subjective sleep quality in students. J Sleep Res 2018; 27:e12670. [PMID: 29479768 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is often used to reduce sleepiness; however, research suggests that it can also cause poor sleep quality. The timing of caffeine use, amongst other factors, is likely to be important for the effects it has on sleep quality. In addition, individual differences exist in the effect of caffeine on sleep quality. This cross-sectional study investigated the influence of the timing of caffeine consumption on and a possible moderating role of chronotype in the relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep quality in 880 students (74.9% female, mean age 21.3 years, SD = 3.1). Respondents filled in online questionnaires about chronotype (the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), sleep quality (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and caffeine consumption. Mean caffeine consumption was 624 mg per week, and 80.2% of the sample drank caffeine after 18:00 hours. Regression analyses demonstrated that higher total caffeine consumption was only related to poorer sleep quality for people who did not drink caffeine in the evening (β = 0.209, p = .006). We did not find a relationship between caffeine and sleep quality in people who drank caffeine in the evening (β = -0.053, p = .160). Furthermore, we found no evidence for a moderating role of chronotype in the relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep quality. We concluded that a self-regulating mechanism is likely to play a role, suggesting that students who know that caffeine negatively affects their sleep quality do not drink it in the evening. Caffeine sensitivity and the speed of caffeine metabolism may be confounding variables in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niki Antypa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Julia F Van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
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31
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Carletto S, Borsato T, Pagani M. The Role of Slow Wave Sleep in Memory Pathophysiology: Focus on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2050. [PMID: 29213253 PMCID: PMC5702654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carletto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Thomas Borsato
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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32
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Pagani M, Amann BL, Landin-Romero R, Carletto S. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and Slow Wave Sleep: A Putative Mechanism of Action. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1935. [PMID: 29163309 PMCID: PMC5681964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is considered highly efficacious for the treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and has proved to be a valid treatment approach with a wide range of applications. However, EMDR’s mechanisms of action is not yet fully understood. This is an active area of clinical and neurophysiological research, and several different hypotheses have been proposed. This paper discusses a conjecture which focuses on the similarity between the delta waves recorded by electroencephalography during Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) and those registered upon typical EMDR bilateral stimulation (eye movements or alternate tapping) during recurrent distressing memories of an emotionally traumatic event. SWS appears to have a key role in memory consolidation and in the reorganization of distant functional networks, as well as Eye Movements seem to reduce traumatic episodic memory and favor the reconsolidation of new associated information. The SWS hypothesis may put forward an explanation of how EMDR works, and is discussed also in light of other theories and neurobiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Benedikt L Amann
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Landin-Romero
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Carletto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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33
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34
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Serum and Brain Metabolomic Variations Reveal Perturbation of Sleep Deprivation on Rats and Ameliorate Effect of Total Ginsenoside Treatment. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:5179271. [PMID: 28900617 PMCID: PMC5576418 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5179271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss or sleep deprivation (SD) refers to shorter sleep than average baseline need, and SD has been a serious problem of modern societies which affects health and well-being. Panax ginseng is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Our previous study has demonstrated that total ginsenosides (GS), the extracts from Panax ginseng, could effectively improve cognition and behavior on SD rats. However, little is known about its metabolomic study. In this study, serum and brain metabolomic method based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was employed to evaluate the efficacy and study the mechanism of GS on a rat model of SD. With pattern recognition analysis of serum and brain tissue metabolite profile, a clear separation of the model group and control group was acquired for serum and brain tissue samples; the MGS (model + GS) group showed a tendency of recovering when compared to control group, which was consistent with behavioral and biochemical parameters. 39 and 40 potential biomarkers of brain tissues and serum samples, respectively, were identified and employed to explore the possible mechanism. Our work revealed that GS has significant protective effects on SD, and metabolomics is a useful tool for evaluating efficacy and elucidating mechanism in TCM.
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35
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Veatch OJ, Keenan BT, Gehrman PR, Malow BA, Pack AI. Pleiotropic genetic effects influencing sleep and neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:158-170. [PMID: 28102151 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Research evidence increasingly points to the large impact of sleep disturbances on public health. Many aspects of sleep are heritable and genes influencing traits such as timing, EEG characteristics, sleep duration, and response to sleep loss have been identified. Notably, large-scale genome-wide analyses have implicated numerous genes with small effects on sleep timing. Additionally, there has been considerable progress in the identification of genes influencing risk for some neurological sleep disorders. For restless legs syndrome, implicated variants are typically in genes associated with neuronal development. By contrast, genes conferring risk for narcolepsy function in the immune system. Many genetic variants associated with sleep disorders are also implicated in neurological disorders in which sleep abnormalities are common; for example, variation in genes involved in synaptic homoeostasis are implicated in autism spectrum disorder and sleep-wake control. Further investigation into pleiotropic roles of genes influencing both sleep and neurological disorders could lead to new treatment strategies for a variety of sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Veatch
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Brendan T Keenan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beth A Malow
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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36
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Human genetics and sleep behavior. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:43-49. [PMID: 28325617 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Why we sleep remains one of the greatest mysteries in science. In the past few years, great advances have been made to better understand this phenomenon. Human genetics has contributed significantly to this movement, as many features of sleep have been found to be heritable. Discoveries about these genetic variations that affect human sleep will aid us in understanding the underlying mechanism of sleep. Here we summarize recent discoveries about the genetic variations affecting the timing of sleep, duration of sleep and EEG patterns. To conclude, we also discuss some of the sleep-related neurological disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the potential challenges and future directions of human genetics in sleep research.
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Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 31:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Adenosine Shifts Plasticity Regimes between Associative and Homeostatic by Modulating Heterosynaptic Changes. J Neurosci 2016; 37:1439-1452. [PMID: 28028196 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2984-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous extracellular adenosine level fluctuates in an activity-dependent manner and with sleep-wake cycle, modulating synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity. Hebbian-type long-term plasticity introduces intrinsic positive feedback on synaptic weight changes, making them prone to runaway dynamics. We previously demonstrated that co-occurring, weight-dependent heterosynaptic plasticity can robustly prevent runaway dynamics. Here we show that at neocortical synapses in slices from rat visual cortex, adenosine modulates the weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity: blockade of adenosine A1 receptors abolished weight dependence, while increased adenosine level strengthened it. Using model simulations, we found that the strength of weight dependence determines the ability of heterosynaptic plasticity to prevent runaway dynamics of synaptic weights imposed by Hebbian-type learning. Changing the weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity within an experimentally observed range gradually shifted the operating point of neurons between an unbalancing regime dominated by associative plasticity and a homeostatic regime of tightly constrained synaptic changes. Because adenosine tone is a natural correlate of activity level (activity increases adenosine tone) and brain state (elevated adenosine tone increases sleep pressure), modulation of heterosynaptic plasticity by adenosine represents an endogenous mechanism that translates changes of the brain state into a shift of the regime of synaptic plasticity and learning. We speculate that adenosine modulation may provide a mechanism for fine-tuning of plasticity and learning according to brain state and activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Associative learning depends on brain state and is impaired when the subject is sleepy or tired. However, the link between changes of brain state and modulation of synaptic plasticity and learning remains elusive. Here we show that adenosine regulates weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity: adenosine strengthened weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity; blockade of adenosine A1 receptors abolished it. In model neurons, such changes of the weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity shifted their operating point between regimes dominated by associative plasticity or by synaptic homeostasis. Because adenosine tone is a natural correlate of activity level and brain state, modulation of plasticity by adenosine represents an endogenous mechanism for translation of brain state changes into a shift of the regime of synaptic plasticity and learning.
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Chan R, Yates P, McCarthy A. Fatigue Self-Management Behaviors in Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Prospective Longitudinal Survey. Oncol Nurs Forum 2016; 43:762-771. [DOI: 10.1188/16.onf.762-771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chang AM, Bjonnes AC, Aeschbach D, Buxton OM, Gooley JJ, Anderson C, Van Reen E, Cain SW, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF, Lockley SW, Shea SA, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Circadian gene variants influence sleep and the sleep electroencephalogram in humans. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:561-73. [PMID: 27089043 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1167078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is highly heritable in humans and yet little is known about the genetic basis of inter-individual differences in sleep architecture. The aim of this study was to identify associations between candidate circadian gene variants and the polysomnogram, recorded under highly controlled laboratory conditions during a baseline, overnight, 8 h sleep opportunity. A candidate gene approach was employed to analyze single-nucleotide polymorphisms from five circadian-related genes in a two-phase analysis of 84 healthy young adults (28 F; 23.21 ± 2.97 years) of European ancestry. A common variant in Period2 (PER2) was associated with 20 min less slow-wave sleep (SWS) in carriers of the minor allele than in noncarriers, representing a 22% reduction in SWS duration. Moreover, spectral analysis in a subset of participants (n = 37) showed the same PER2 polymorphism was associated with reduced EEG power density in the low delta range (0.25-1.0 Hz) during non-REM sleep and lower slow-wave activity (0.75-4.5 Hz) in the early part of the sleep episode. These results indicate the involvement of PER2 in the homeostatic process of sleep. Additionally, a rare variant in Melatonin Receptor 1B was associated with longer REM sleep latency, with minor allele carriers exhibiting an average of 65 min (87%) longer latency from sleep onset to REM sleep, compared to noncarriers. These findings suggest that circadian-related genes can modulate sleep architecture and the sleep EEG, including specific parameters previously implicated in the homeostatic regulation of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Chang
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Medical and Population Genetics , Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,d Department of Biobehavioral Health , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , USA
| | - Andrew C Bjonnes
- c Medical and Population Genetics , Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,e Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Human Genetic Research , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,f Institute of Aerospace Medicine , German Aerospace Center , Cologne , Germany
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,d Department of Biobehavioral Health , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , USA.,g Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Harvard School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Joshua J Gooley
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Clare Anderson
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eliza Van Reen
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Sean W Cain
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Steven A Shea
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,h Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- a Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Division of Sleep Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Medical and Population Genetics , Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,e Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Human Genetic Research , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
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Sleep-Wake Regulation and Its Impact on Working Memory Performance: The Role of Adenosine. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5010011. [PMID: 26861410 PMCID: PMC4810168 DOI: 10.3390/biology5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by a fine-tuned interplay between sleep-homeostatic and circadian mechanisms. Compelling evidence suggests that adenosine plays an important role in mediating the increase of homeostatic sleep pressure during time spent awake and its decrease during sleep. Here, we summarize evidence that adenosinergic mechanisms regulate not only the dynamic of sleep pressure, but are also implicated in the interaction of homeostatic and circadian processes. We review how this interaction becomes evident at several levels, including electrophysiological data, neuroimaging studies and behavioral observations. Regarding complex human behavior, we particularly focus on sleep-wake regulatory influences on working memory performance and underlying brain activity, with a specific emphasis on the role of adenosine in this interplay. We conclude that a change in adenosinergic mechanisms, whether exogenous or endogenous, does not only impact on sleep-homeostatic processes, but also interferes with the circadian timing system.
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Holst SC, Valomon A, Landolt HP. Sleep Pharmacogenetics: Personalized Sleep-Wake Therapy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:577-603. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C. Holst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Amandine Valomon
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
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Halder I, Matthews KA, Buysse DJ, Strollo PJ, Causer V, Reis SE, Hall MH. African Genetic Ancestry is Associated with Sleep Depth in Older African Americans. Sleep 2015; 38:1185-93. [PMID: 25845688 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The mechanisms that underlie differences in sleep characteristics between European Americans (EA) and African Americans (AA) are not fully known. Although social and psychological processes that differ by race are possible mediators, the substantial heritability of sleep characteristics also suggests genetic underpinnings of race differences. We hypothesized that racial differences in sleep phenotypes would show an association with objectively measured individual genetic ancestry in AAs. DESIGN Cross sectional. SETTING Community-based study. PARTICIPANTS Seventy AA adults (mean age 59.5 ± 6.7 y; 62% female) and 101 EAs (mean age 60.5 ± 7 y, 39% female). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Multivariate tests were used to compare the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and in-home polysomnographic measures of sleep duration, sleep efficiency, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and indices of sleep depth including percent visually scored slow wave sleep (SWS) and delta EEG power of EAs and AAs. Sleep duration, efficiency, and sleep depth differed significantly by race. Individual % African ancestry (%AF) was measured in AA subjects using a panel of 1698 ancestry informative genetic markers and ranged from 10% to 88% (mean 67%). Hierarchical linear regression showed that higher %AF was associated with lower percent SWS in AAs (β (standard error) = -4.6 (1.5); P = 0.002), and explained 11% of the variation in SWS after covariate adjustment. A similar association was observed for delta power. No association was observed for sleep duration and efficiency. CONCLUSION African genetic ancestry is associated with indices of sleep depth in African Americans. Such an association suggests that part of the racial differences in slow-wave sleep may have genetic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Halder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Victoria Causer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Steven E Reis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Donelson NC, Sanyal S. Use of Drosophila in the investigation of sleep disorders. Exp Neurol 2015; 274:72-9. [PMID: 26160555 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic underpinnings for sleep disorders in humans remain poorly identified, investigated and understood. This is due to the inherent complexity of sleep and a disruption of normal sleep parameters in a number of neurological disorders. On the other hand, there have been steady and remarkable developments in the investigation of sleep using model organisms such as Drosophila. These studies have illuminated conserved genetic pathways, neural circuits and intra-cellular signaling modules in the regulation of sleep. Additionally, work in model systems is beginning to clarify the role of the circadian clock and basal sleep need in this process. There have also been initial efforts to directly model sleep disorders in flies in a few instances where a genetic basis has been suspected. Here, we discuss the opportunities and limitations of studying sleep disorders in Drosophila and propose that a greater convergence of basic sleep research in model organisms and human genetics should catalyze better understanding of sleep disorders and generate viable therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Donelson
- Neurology Research, 115 Broadway, Bio 6 Building, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Subhabrata Sanyal
- Neurology Research, 115 Broadway, Bio 6 Building, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Huang ZL, Zhang Z, Qu WM. Roles of adenosine and its receptors in sleep-wake regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 119:349-71. [PMID: 25175972 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the role of adenosine in the sleep-wake regulation with a focus on adenosine in the brain, regulation of adenosine levels, adenosine receptors, and manipulations of the adenosine system by the use of pharmacological and molecular biological tools. Adenosine is neither stored nor released as a classical neurotransmitter and is thought to be formed inside cells or on their surface, mostly by breakdown of adenine nucleotides. The extracellular level of adenosine increases in the cortex and basal forebrain (BF) during prolonged wakefulness and decreases during the sleep-recovery period. Therefore, adenosine is proposed to act as a homeostatic regulator of sleep. The endogenous somnogen prostaglandin (PG) D2 increases the extracellular level of adenosine under the subarachnoid space of the BF and promotes physiological sleep. There are four adenosine receptor subtypes: adenosine A1 receptor (R, A1R), A2AR, A2BR, and A3R. Both the A1R and the A2AR have been reported to be involved in sleep induction. The A2AR plays an important role in the somnogenic effects of PGD2. Activation of A2AR by its agonist infused into the brain potently increases sleep and the arousal effect of caffeine, an A1R and A2AR antagonist, was shown to be dependent on the A2AR. On the other hand, inhibition of wake-promoting neurons via the A1R also mediates the sleep-inducing effects of adenosine, whereas activation of A1R in the lateral preoptic area induces wakefulness. These findings indicate that A2AR plays a predominant role in sleep induction, whereas A1R regulates the sleep-wake cycle in a site-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Trauma-induced insomnia: A novel model for trauma and sleep research. Sleep Med Rev 2015; 25:74-83. [PMID: 26140870 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic events have been increasingly recognized as important precipitants of clinically significant insomnia. Trauma is an extreme form of stressful life event that generates a sustained neurobiological response triggering the onset and maintenance of insomnia. Trauma may disrupt the normal sleep-wake regulatory mechanism by sensitizing the central nervous system's arousal centers, leading to pronounced central and physiological hyperarousal. The central concept of hyperarousal has been linked to both the pathogenesis of insomnia and to the neurobiological changes in the aftermath of traumatic events, and may be a neurobiological commonality underlying trauma and insomnia. This paper presents evidence for trauma-induced insomnia and advances a model of it as an important nosological and neurobiological entity. Trauma-induced insomnia may occur in the absence of full-blown posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and may also be a precursor of subsequent PTSD development. Converging lines of evidence from the neuroscience of insomnia with the neurobiology and psychophysiology of stress, fear, trauma and PTSD will be integrated to advance understanding of the condition. Preclinical and clinical stress and fear paradigms have informed the neurobiological pathways mediating the production of insomnia by trauma. Elucidating the underlying neurobiological substrates can establish novel biological markers to identify persons at risk for the condition, and help optimize treatment of the trauma-insomnia interface. Early identification and treatment of trauma-induced insomnia may prevent the development of PTSD, as well as other important sequelae such as depression, substance dependence, and other medical conditions.
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Adenosinergic Regulation of Sleep–Wake Behavior in the Basal Ganglia. CURRENT TOPICS IN NEUROTOXICITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20273-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Reichert CF, Maire M, Gabel V, Viola AU, Kolodyazhniy V, Strobel W, Götz T, Bachmann V, Landolt HP, Cajochen C, Schmidt C. Insights into behavioral vulnerability to differential sleep pressure and circadian phase from a functional ADA polymorphism. J Biol Rhythms 2014; 29:119-30. [PMID: 24682206 DOI: 10.1177/0748730414524898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss affects human behavior in a nonuniform manner, depending on the cognitive domain and also the circadian phase. Besides, evidence exists about stable interindividual variations in sleep loss-related performance impairments. Despite this evidence, only a few studies have considered both circadian phase and neurobehavioral domain when investigating trait-like vulnerability to sleep manipulation. By applying a randomized, crossover design with 2 sleep pressure conditions (40 h sleep deprivation vs. 40 h multiple naps), we investigated the influence of a human adenosine deaminase (ADA) polymorphism (rs73598374) on several behavioral measures throughout nearly 2 circadian cycles. Confirming earlier studies, we observed that under sleep deprivation the previously reported vulnerable G/A-allele carriers felt overall sleepier than G/G-allele carriers. As expected, this difference was no longer present when sleep pressure was reduced by the application of multiple naps. Concomitantly, well-being was worse in the G/A genotype under sleep loss when compared to the nap protocol, and n-back working memory performance appeared to be specifically susceptible to sleep-wake manipulation in this genotype. When considering psychomotor vigilance performance, however, a higher sensitivity to sleep-wake manipulation was detected in homozygous participants, but specifically at the end of the night and only for optimal task performance. Although these data are based on a small sample size and hence require replication (12 G/A- and 12 G/G-allele carriers), they confirm the assumption that interindividual differences regarding the effect of sleep manipulation highly depend on the cognitive task and circadian phase, and thus emphasize the necessity of a multimethodological approach. Moreover, they indicate that napping might be suitable to counteract endogenously heightened sleep pressure depending on the neurobehavioral domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin F Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Reichert CF, Maire M, Gabel V, Hofstetter M, Viola AU, Kolodyazhniy V, Strobel W, Goetz T, Bachmann V, Landolt HP, Cajochen C, Schmidt C. The circadian regulation of sleep: impact of a functional ADA-polymorphism and its association to working memory improvements. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113734. [PMID: 25437848 PMCID: PMC4249976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is regulated in a time-of-day dependent manner and profits working memory. However, the impact of the circadian timing system as well as contributions of specific sleep properties to this beneficial effect remains largely unexplored. Moreover, it is unclear to which extent inter-individual differences in sleep-wake regulation depend on circadian phase and modulate the association between sleep and working memory. Here, sleep electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during a 40-h multiple nap protocol, and working memory performance was assessed by the n-back task 10 times before and after each scheduled nap sleep episode. Twenty-four participants were genotyped regarding a functional polymorphism in adenosine deaminase (rs73598374, 12 G/A-, 12 G/G-allele carriers), previously associated with differences in sleep-wake regulation. Our results indicate that genotype-driven differences in sleep depend on circadian phase: heterozygous participants were awake longer and slept less at the end of the biological day, while they exhibited longer non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and slow wave sleep concomitant with reduced power between 8-16 Hz at the end of the biological night. Slow wave sleep and NREM sleep delta EEG activity covaried positively with overall working memory performance, independent of circadian phase and genotype. Moreover, REM sleep duration benefitted working memory particularly when occurring in the early morning hours and specifically in heterozygous individuals. Even though based on a small sample size and thus requiring replication, our results suggest genotype-dependent differences in circadian sleep regulation. They further indicate that REM sleep, being under strong circadian control, boosts working memory performance according to genotype in a time-of-day dependent manner. Finally, our data provide first evidence that slow wave sleep and NREM sleep delta activity, majorly regulated by sleep homeostatic mechanisms, is linked to working memory independent of the timing of the sleep episode within the 24-h cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin F. Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4012, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Micheline Maire
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4012, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Gabel
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4012, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Hofstetter
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4012, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine U. Viola
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4012, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vitaliy Kolodyazhniy
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Werner Strobel
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Goetz
- Department of Psychiatry, Public Health Office, 60313, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valérie Bachmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4012, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4012, Basel, Switzerland
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