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Wong D, Bellyou M, Li A, Prado MAM, Beauchet O, Annweiler C, Montero-Odasso M, Bartha R. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the hippocampus of adult APP/PS1 mice following chronic vitamin D deficiency. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114713. [PMID: 37838248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency can exacerbate AD progression and may cause changes in brain metabolite levels that can be detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic VitD deficiency in an AD mouse model caused persistent metabolite levels changes in the hippocampus associated with memory performance. Six-month-old APPSwe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice (N = 14 mice/group) were fed either a VitD deficient (VitD-) diet or a control diet. Metabolite level changes in the hippocampus were evaluated by 1H MRS using a 9.4 T MRI. Ventricle volume was assessed by imaging and spatial memory was evaluated using the Barnes maze. All measurements were made at 6, 9, 12, and 15 months of age. At 15 months of age, amyloid plaque load and astrocyte number were evaluated histologically (N = 4 mice/group). Levels of N-acetyl aspartate and creatine were lower in VitD- mice compared to control diet mice at 12 months of age. VitD deficiency did not change ventricle volume. Lactate levels increased over time in VitD- mice and increases from 12 to 15 months were negatively correlated with changes in primary latency to the target hole in the Barns Maze. VitD- mice showed improved spatial memory performance compared to control diet mice. VitD- mice also had more astrocytes in the cortex and hippocampus at 15 months than control diet mice. This study suggests that severe VitD deficiency in APP/PS1 mice may lead to compensatory changes in metabolite and astrocyte levels that contribute to improved performance on spatial memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Wong
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Bellyou
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Li
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Parkwood Hospital, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Spatio-temporal metabolic rewiring in the brain of TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16958. [PMID: 36216838 PMCID: PMC9550832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain damage associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs even decades before the symptomatic onset, raising the need to investigate its progression from prodromal stages. In this context, animal models that progressively display AD pathological hallmarks (e.g. TgF344-AD) become crucial. Translational technologies, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), enable the longitudinal metabolic characterization of this disease. However, an integrative approach is required to unravel the complex metabolic changes underlying AD progression, from early to advanced stages. TgF344-AD and wild-type (WT) rats were studied in vivo on a 7 Tesla MRI scanner, for longitudinal quantitative assessment of brain metabolic profile changes using MRS. Disease progression was investigated at 4 time points, from 9 to 18 months of age, and in 4 regions: cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus. Compared to WT, TgF344-AD rats replicated common findings in AD patients, including decreased N-acetylaspartate in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and decreased glutamate in the thalamus and striatum. Different longitudinal evolution of metabolic concentration was observed between TgF344-AD and WT groups. Namely, age-dependent trajectories differed between groups for creatine in the cortex and thalamus and for taurine in cortex, with significant decreases in Tg344-AD animals; whereas myo-inositol in the thalamus and striatum showed greater increase along time in the WT group. Additional analysis revealed divergent intra- and inter-regional metabolic coupling in each group. Thus, in cortex, strong couplings of N-acetylaspartate and creatine with myo-inositol in WT, but with taurine in TgF344-AD rats were observed; whereas in the hippocampus, myo-inositol, taurine and choline compounds levels were highly correlated in WT but not in TgF344-AD animals. Furthermore, specific cortex-hippocampus-striatum metabolic crosstalks were found for taurine levels in the WT group but for myo-inositol levels in the TgF344-AD rats. With a systems biology perspective of metabolic changes in AD pathology, our results shed light into the complex spatio-temporal metabolic rewiring in this disease, reported here for the first time. Age- and tissue-dependent imbalances between myo-inositol, taurine and other metabolites, such as creatine, unveil their role in disease progression, while pointing to the inadequacy of the latter as an internal reference for quantification.
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Shim KH, Ha S, Choung JS, Choi JI, Kim DY, Kim JM, Kim M. Therapeutic Effect of Erythropoietin on Alzheimer's Disease by Activating the Serotonin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158144. [PMID: 35897720 PMCID: PMC9332003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment in patients. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been reported to stimulate neurogenesis. This study was conducted to determine the regenerative effects of EPO in an AD model and to assess its underlying mechanism. Recombinant human EPO was intraperitoneally administered to AD mice induced by intracerebroventricular Aβ oligomer injection. Behavioral assessments with novel object recognition test and passive avoidance task showed improvement in memory function of the EPO-treated AD mice compared to that of the saline-treated AD mice (p < 0.0001). An in vivo protein assay for the hippocampus and cortex tissue indicated that EPO treatment modulated neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, and adrenaline. EPO treatment also restored the activity of serotonin receptors, including 5-HT4R, 5-HT7R, and 5-HT1aR (p < 0.01), at mRNA levels. Furthermore, EPO seemed to exert an anti-inflammatory influence by downregulating TLR4 at mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05). Finally, an immunohistochemical assay revealed increments of Nestin(+) and NeuN(+) neuronal cells in the CA3 region in the EPO-treated AD mice compared to those in the saline-treated AD mice. The conclusion is that EPO administration might be therapeutic for AD by activating the serotonergic pathway, anti-inflammatory action, and neurogenic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ho Shim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.C.)
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Sungchan Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.C.)
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Jin Seung Choung
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.C.)
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Jee In Choi
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Daniel Youngsuk Kim
- Research Competency Milestones Program (RECOMP) of School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Jong Moon Kim
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (S.H.); (J.S.C.)
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.I.C.); (J.M.K.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-780-1872
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Bellanti F, Bukke VN, Moola A, Villani R, Scuderi C, Steardo L, Palombelli G, Canese R, Beggiato S, Altamura M, Vendemiale G, Serviddio G, Cassano T. Effects of Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, Cerebral Metabolism, and Glutamatergic Transmission: An Integrated Approach in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:890855. [PMID: 35686025 PMCID: PMC9170916 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.890855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) was investigated in young (6-month-old) and adult (12-month-old) 3 × Tg-AD mice, which received um-PEA for 3 months via a subcutaneous delivery system. Mitochondrial bioenergetics, ATP homeostasis, and magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy were evaluated in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HIPP) at the end of um-PEA treatment. Glutamate release was investigated by in vivo microdialysis in the ventral HIPP (vHIPP). We demonstrated that chronic um-PEA treatment ameliorates the decrease in the complex-I respiration rate and the FoF1-ATPase (complex V) activity, as well as ATP content depletion in the cortical mitochondria. Otherwise, the impairment in mitochondrial bioenergetics and the release of glutamate after depolarization was not ameliorated by um-PEA treatment in the HIPP of both young and adult 3 × Tg-AD mice. Moreover, progressive age- and pathology-related changes were observed in the cortical and hippocampal metabolism that closely mimic the alterations observed in the human AD brain; these metabolic alterations were not affected by chronic um-PEA treatment. These findings confirm that the HIPP is the most affected area by AD-like pathology and demonstrate that um-PEA counteracts mitochondrial dysfunctions and helps rescue brain energy metabolism in the FC, but not in the HIPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Archana Moola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Caterina Scuderi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Canese
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Cassano
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Melichercik L, Tvrdik T, Novakova K, Nemec M, Kalinak M, Baciak L, Kasparova S. Huperzine aggravated neurochemical and volumetric changes induced by D-galactose in the model of neurodegeneration in rats. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Neuroimaging of Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020305. [PMID: 35203515 PMCID: PMC8869427 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have made great strides in the diagnosis and our understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Despite the knowledge gained from human studies, mouse models have and continue to play an important role in deciphering the cellular and molecular evolution of AD. MRI and PET are now being increasingly used to investigate neuroimaging features in mouse models and provide the basis for rapid translation to the clinical setting. Here, we provide an overview of the human MRI and PET imaging landscape as a prelude to an in-depth review of preclinical imaging in mice. A broad range of mouse models recapitulate certain aspects of the human AD, but no single model simulates the human disease spectrum. We focused on the two of the most popular mouse models, the 3xTg-AD and the 5xFAD models, and we summarized all known published MRI and PET imaging data, including contrasting findings. The goal of this review is to provide the reader with broad framework to guide future studies in existing and future mouse models of AD. We also highlight aspects of MRI and PET imaging that could be improved to increase rigor and reproducibility in future imaging studies.
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Fowler CF, Goerzen D, Devenyi GA, Madularu D, Chakravarty MM, Near J. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac072. [PMID: 35434622 PMCID: PMC9007326 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin F. Fowler
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
- Correspondence to: Caitlin F. Fowler, CIC Pavilion Office GH-2113 Douglas Mental Health University Institute 6875 Boulevard LaSalle Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3 E-mail:
| | - Dana Goerzen
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Gabriel A. Devenyi
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Dan Madularu
- Centre for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Jamie Near
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada H4H 1R3
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1A1
- Physical Studies Research Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada M4N 3M5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7
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8
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Ni R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12768. [PMID: 34884573 PMCID: PMC8657987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Aberrant Aβ accumulation induces neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular alterations, and synaptic deficits, leading to cognitive impairment. Animal models recapitulating the Aβ pathology, such as transgenic, knock-in mouse and rat models, have facilitated the understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutics targeting Aβ. There is a rapid advance in high-field MRI in small animals. Versatile high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, such as diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling, resting-state functional MRI, anatomical MRI, and MR spectroscopy, as well as contrast agents, have been developed for preclinical imaging in animal models. These tools have enabled high-resolution in vivo structural, functional, and molecular readouts with a whole-brain field of view. MRI has been used to visualize non-invasively the Aβ deposits, synaptic deficits, regional brain atrophy, impairment in white matter integrity, functional connectivity, and cerebrovascular and glymphatic system in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. Many of the readouts are translational toward clinical MRI applications in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in MRI for visualizing the pathophysiology in amyloidosis animal models. We discuss the outstanding challenges in brain imaging using MRI in small animals and propose future outlook in visualizing Aβ-related alterations in the brains of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
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Soni ND, Ramesh A, Roy D, Patel AB. Brain energy metabolism in intracerebroventricularly administered streptozotocin mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: A 1H-[ 13C]-NMR study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2344-2355. [PMID: 33657898 PMCID: PMC8393290 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x21996176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder. Although a majority of the AD cases are sporadic, most of the studies are conducted using transgenic models. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administered streptozotocin (STZ) animals have been used to explore mechanisms in sporadic AD. In this study, we have investigated memory and neurometabolism of ICV-STZ-administered C57BL6/J mice. The neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity was measured in 1H-[13C]-NMR spectrum of cortical and hippocampal tissue extracts of mice infused with [1,6-13C2]glucose and [2-13C]acetate, respectively. STZ-administered mice exhibited reduced (p = 0.00002) recognition index for memory. The levels of creatine, GABA, glutamate and NAA were reduced (p ≤ 0.04), while that of myo-inositol was increased (p < 0.05) in STZ-treated mice. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.014) reduction in aspartate-C3, glutamate-C4/C3, GABA-C2 and glutamine-C4 labeling from [1,6-13C2]glucose. This resulted in decreased rate of glucose oxidation in the cerebral cortex (0.64 ± 0.05 vs. 0.77 ± 0.05 µmol/g/min, p = 0.0008) and hippocampus (0.60 ± 0.04 vs. 0.73 ± 0.07 µmol/g/min, p = 0.001) of STZ-treated mice, due to similar reductions of glucose oxidation in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Additionally, reduced glutamine-C4 labeling points towards compromised synaptic neurotransmission in STZ-treated mice. These data suggest that the ICV-STZ model exhibits neurometabolic deficits typically observed in AD, and its utility in understanding the mechanism of sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan D Soni
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akila Ramesh
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dipak Roy
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anant B Patel
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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Kumar U, Kumar A, Singh S, Arya P, Singh SK, Chaurasia RN, Singh A, Kumar D. An elaborative NMR based plasma metabolomics study revealed metabolic derangements in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a study on north Indian population. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:957-968. [PMID: 33651272 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is transition phase between cognitive decline and dementia. The current study aims to investigate altered metabolic pattern in plasma of MCI for potential biomarkers. MCI (N = 50) and healthy controls (HC, N = 50) age group 55-75 years were screened based on Mini Mental State Examination Test (MMSE) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI imaging). The MMSE score of MCI was significantly lower (25.74 ± 1.83) compared to healthy control subjects (29 ± 1). The MCI patients exhibit significant changes in white matter integrity in the right frontal lobe, right temporal lobe, left frontal lobe, forcep major, fornix, corpus callosum. Further, the plasma samples of twenty seven MCI patients (N = 27) and twenty HC subjects (N = 20; having no significant differences in any demographics) were analyzed using 1H NMR based metabolomics approach. Consistent with many previous reports, the levels of several plasma metabolites were found to be elevated in MCI patients compared to healthy controls. Further univariate and multivariate ROC curve analyses provided three plasma metabolites as a diagnostic panel of biomarker for MCI; which are lysine, glycine, and glutamine. Overall, the results of this study will help to improve the diagnostic and prognostic strategies of MCI in addition to improving our understanding about disease pathogenesis. We believe that the over-nutritional metabolic phenotype of MCI needs to be targeted for developing future dietary interventions so that the progression of MCI can be limited. Metabolic derangements associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Abhai Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Smita Singh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Payal Arya
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anup Singh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
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Chaney AM, Lopez-Picon FR, Serrière S, Wang R, Bochicchio D, Webb SD, Vandesquille M, Harte MK, Georgiadou C, Lawrence C, Busson J, Vercouillie J, Tauber C, Buron F, Routier S, Reekie T, Snellman A, Kassiou M, Rokka J, Davies KE, Rinne JO, Salih DA, Edwards FA, Orton LD, Williams SR, Chalon S, Boutin H. Prodromal neuroinflammatory, cholinergic and metabolite dysfunction detected by PET and MRS in the TgF344-AD transgenic rat model of AD: a collaborative multi-modal study. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6644-6667. [PMID: 34093845 PMCID: PMC8171096 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are valuable but do not fully recapitulate human AD pathology, such as spontaneous Tau fibril accumulation and neuronal loss, necessitating the development of new AD models. The transgenic (TG) TgF344-AD rat has been reported to develop age-dependent AD features including neuronal loss and neurofibrillary tangles, despite only expressing APP and PSEN1 mutations, suggesting an improved modelling of AD hallmarks. Alterations in neuronal networks as well as learning performance and cognition tasks have been reported in this model, but none have combined a longitudinal, multimodal approach across multiple centres, which mimics the approaches commonly taken in clinical studies. We therefore aimed to further characterise the progression of AD-like pathology and cognition in the TgF344-AD rat from young-adults (6 months (m)) to mid- (12 m) and advanced-stage (18 m, 25 m) of the disease. Methods: TgF344-AD rats and wild-type (WT) littermates were imaged at 6 m, 12 m and 18 m with [18F]DPA-714 (TSPO, neuroinflammation), [18F]Florbetaben (Aβ) and [18F]ASEM (α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) and with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and with (S)-[18F]THK5117 (Tau) at 15 and 25 m. Behaviour tests were also performed at 6 m, 12 m and 18 m. Immunohistochemistry (CD11b, GFAP, Aβ, NeuN, NeuroChrom) and Tau (S)-[18F]THK5117 autoradiography, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were also performed. Results: [18F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography (PET) showed an increase in neuroinflammation in TG vs wildtype animals from 12 m in the hippocampus (+11%), and at the advanced-stage AD in the hippocampus (+12%), the thalamus (+11%) and frontal cortex (+14%). This finding coincided with strong increases in brain microgliosis (CD11b) and astrogliosis (GFAP) at these time-points as assessed by immunohistochemistry. In vivo [18F]ASEM PET revealed an age-dependent increase uptake in the striatum and pallidum/nucleus basalis of Meynert in WT only, similar to that observed with this tracer in humans, resulting in TG being significantly lower than WT by 18 m. In vivo [18F]Florbetaben PET scanning detected Aβ accumulation at 18 m, and (S)-[18F]THK5117 PET revealed subsequent Tau accumulation at 25m in hippocampal and cortical regions. Aβ plaques were low but detectable by immunohistochemistry from 6 m, increasing further at 12 and 18 m with Tau-positive neurons adjacent to Aβ plaques at 18 m. NeuroChrom (a pan neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry revealed a loss of neuronal staining at the Aβ plaques locations, while NeuN labelling revealed an age-dependent decrease in hippocampal neuron number in both genotypes. Behavioural assessment using the novel object recognition task revealed that both WT & TgF344-AD animals discriminated the novel from familiar object at 3 m and 6 m of age. However, low levels of exploration observed in both genotypes at later time-points resulted in neither genotype successfully completing the task. Deficits in social interaction were only observed at 3 m in the TgF344-AD animals. By in vivo MRS, we showed a decrease in neuronal marker N-acetyl-aspartate in the hippocampus at 18 m (-18% vs age-matched WT, and -31% vs 6 m TG) and increased Taurine in the cortex of TG (+35% vs age-matched WT, and +55% vs 6 m TG). Conclusions: This multi-centre multi-modal study demonstrates, for the first time, alterations in brain metabolites, cholinergic receptors and neuroinflammation in vivo in this model, validated by robust ex vivo approaches. Our data confirm that, unlike mouse models, the TgF344-AD express Tau pathology that can be detected via PET, albeit later than by ex vivo techniques, and is a useful model to assess and longitudinally monitor early neurotransmission dysfunction and neuroinflammation in AD.
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Chen P, Shen Z, Wang Q, Zhang B, Zhuang Z, Lin J, Shen Y, Chen Y, Dai Z, Wu R. Reduced Cerebral Glucose Uptake in an Alzheimer's Rat Model With Glucose-Weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:618690. [PMID: 33815088 PMCID: PMC8010663 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.618690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A correlation between the abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been found in previous studies, suggesting that glucose alterations may be used to predict the histopathological diagnosis in AD. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of cerebral glucose uptake in vivo using MR glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) imaging in a rat model of AD with an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of amyloid Aβ-protein (25-35), confirmed by Morris water maze and Nissl staining. In total, 6 rats in the AD group and 6 rats in the control group that were given an injection of sterile normal saline were included. At 28 days after injection, all rats performed a 7.0 T MR exanimation, including glucoCEST, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and hippocampus magnetic resonance spectra (MRS), to detect the possible metabolic and structural changes in the rat brain. A significantly elevated brain glucoCEST signal in the brain of AD rats was observed, and a decreased brain glucose uptake was also explored during the progression of glucose infusion compared with those in rats of the control group. In addition, there is a significant positive correlation between glucoCEST enhancement (GCE) and myo-Inosito (Ins) in the AD group and the control group (P < 0.05). A significantly reduced number of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus in AD rats combined with the significantly longer escape and a decreased number of crossings were verified at 28 days after Aβ25-35 injection by Nissl staining and Morris water maze, respectively. Our results indicated that an abnormal brain glucose mechanism in AD rats could be detected by glucoCEST imaging, suggesting a new method to explore the occurrence and progress of diabetes-related AD or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Postgraduate, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bingna Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zerui Zhuang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiefen Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuanyu Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanzhi Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhuozhi Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Renhua Wu,
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13
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Kuhla A, Meuth L, Stenzel J, Lindner T, Lappe C, Kurth J, Krause BJ, Teipel S, Glass Ä, Kundt G, Vollmar B. Longitudinal [ 18F]FDG-PET/CT analysis of the glucose metabolism in ApoE-deficient mice. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:119. [PMID: 33029684 PMCID: PMC7541807 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strong line of evidence suggests that the increased risk to develop AD may at least be partly mediated by cholesterol metabolism. A key regulator of cholesterol transport is the Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), which plays a fundamental role in neuronal maintenance and repair. Impaired function of ApoE4 may contribute to altered cerebral metabolism leading to higher susceptibility to neurodegeneration. Methods To determine a possible link between ApoE function and alterations in AD in the brain of Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE−/−) in a longitudinal manner metabolic and neurochemical parameters were analyzed. Cortical metabolism was measured by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose ([18F]FDG)-PET/CT and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) served to record neurochemical status. Results By using [18F]FDG-PET/CT, we showed that brain metabolism declined significantly stronger with age in ApoE−/− versus wild type (wt) mice. This difference was particularly evident at the age of 41 weeks in almost each analyzed brain region. In contrast, the 1H-MRS-measured N-acetylaspartate to creatine ratio, a marker of neuronal viability, did not decline with age and did not differ between ApoE−/− and wt mice. Conclusion In summary, this longitudinal in vivo study shows for the first time that ApoE−/− mice depict cerebral hypometabolism without neurochemical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kuhla
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Lou Meuth
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Chris Lappe
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Kurth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd J Krause
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Änne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Guenther Kundt
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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14
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Stringer MS, Lee H, Huuskonen MT, MacIntosh BJ, Brown R, Montagne A, Atwi S, Ramirez J, Jansen MA, Marshall I, Black SE, Zlokovic BV, Benveniste H, Wardlaw JM. A Review of Translational Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Human and Rodent Experimental Models of Small Vessel Disease. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:15-30. [PMID: 32936435 PMCID: PMC7803876 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major health burden, yet the pathophysiology remains poorly understood with no effective treatment. Since much of SVD develops silently and insidiously, non-invasive neuroimaging such as MRI is fundamental to detecting and understanding SVD in humans. Several relevant SVD rodent models are established for which MRI can monitor in vivo changes over time prior to histological examination. Here, we critically review the MRI methods pertaining to salient rodent models and evaluate synergies with human SVD MRI methods. We found few relevant publications, but argue there is considerable scope for greater use of MRI in rodent models, and opportunities for harmonisation of the rodent-human methods to increase the translational potential of models to understand SVD in humans. We summarise current MR techniques used in SVD research, provide recommendations and examples and highlight practicalities for use of MRI SVD imaging protocols in pre-selected, relevant rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Stringer
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rosalind Brown
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Atwi
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Marshall
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sandra E Black
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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15
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Lanz B, Abaei A, Braissant O, Choi IY, Cudalbu C, Henry PG, Gruetter R, Kara F, Kantarci K, Lee P, Lutz NW, Marjańska M, Mlynárik V, Rasche V, Xin L, Valette J. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the rodent brain: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 34:e4325. [PMID: 33565219 PMCID: PMC9429976 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In vivo MRS is a non-invasive measurement technique used not only in humans, but also in animal models using high-field magnets. MRS enables the measurement of metabolite concentrations as well as metabolic rates and their modifications in healthy animals and disease models. Such data open the way to a deeper understanding of the underlying biochemistry, related disturbances and mechanisms taking place during or prior to symptoms and tissue changes. In this work, we focus on the main preclinical 1H, 31P and 13C MRS approaches to study brain metabolism in rodent models, with the aim of providing general experts' consensus recommendations (animal models, anesthesia, data acquisition protocols). An overview of the main practical differences in preclinical compared with clinical MRS studies is presented, as well as the additional biochemical information that can be obtained in animal models in terms of metabolite concentrations and metabolic flux measurements. The properties of high-field preclinical MRS and the technical limitations are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lanz
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, US
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- Centre d’Imagerie Biomedicale (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Gilles Henry
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Firat Kara
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US
| | - Phil Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, US
| | | | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Vladimír Mlynárik
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lijing Xin
- Centre d’Imagerie Biomedicale (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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16
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Altered brain arginine metabolism with age in the APP swe/PSEN1 dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104798. [PMID: 32711019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) cleaved from amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been proposed to play a central and causative role in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice display chronic Aβ accumulation and deposition in the brain. L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid with a number of bioactive metabolites, and altered arginine metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis and/or the development of AD. This study systematically investigated how arginine metabolic profiles changed in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, parahippocampal region and cerebellum of male APP/PS1 mice at 4, 9 and 17 months of age relative to their sex- and age-matched wildtype controls. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated age-related Aβ deposition in the brain. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed age-related increases in glutamine, spermidine and spermine in APP/PS1 mice in a region-specific manner. Notably, genotype-related increases in spermine were found in the frontal cortex at the 9-month age point and in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and parahippocampal region at 17 months of age. Given the existing literature indicating the role of polyamines (spermine in particular) in modulating the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ oligomers, increased spermidine and spermine levels in APP/PS1 mice may be a neuroprotective mechanism to combat Aβ toxicity. Future research is required to better understand the functional significance of these changes.
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17
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Fu ZL, Mercier P, Eskandari-Sedighi G, Yang J, Westaway D, Sykes BD. Metabolomic study of disease progression in scrapie prion infected mice; validation of a novel method for brain metabolite extraction. Metabolomics 2020; 16:72. [PMID: 32533504 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prion disease is a form of neurodegenerative disease caused by the misfolding and aggregation of cellular prion protein (PrPC). The neurotoxicity of the misfolded form of prion protein, PrPSc still remains understudied. Here we try to investigate this issue using a metabolomics approach. OBJECTIVES The intention was to identify and quantify the small-in-size and water-soluble metabolites extracted from mice brains infected with the Rocky Mountain Laboratory isolate of mouse-adapted scrapie prions (RML) and track changes in these metabolites during disease evolution. METHODS A total of 73 mice were inoculated with RML prions or normal brain homogenate control; brains were harvested at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days post-inoculation (dpi). We devised a high-efficiency metabolite extraction method and used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and quantify 50 metabolites in the brain extracts. Data were analyzed using multivariate approach. RESULTS Brain metabolome profiles of RML infected animals displayed continuous changes throughout the course of disease. Among the analyzed metabolites, the most noteworthy changes included increases in myo-inositol and glutamine as well as decreases in 4-aminobutyrate, acetate, aspartate and taurine. CONCLUSION We report a novel metabolite extraction method for lipid-rich tissue. As all the major metabolites are identifiable and quantifiable by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, this study suggests that tracking of neurochemical profiles could be effective in monitoring the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and useful for assessing the efficacy of candidate therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lin Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pascal Mercier
- National High Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre (NANUC), Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ghazaleh Eskandari-Sedighi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jing Yang
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Westaway
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brian D Sykes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE A mouse model of Alzheimer's disease demonstrates reduced beta-amyloid levels in the whole brain, associated with a gain of hippocampal memory, after drinking taurine-enriched water; this suggests that a taurine supplement could be a promising treatment for cognitive deficit. The objective of this study is to establish a methodology for quantifying taurine in the whole brain, taking advantage of the rapid development of non-invasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). PROCEDURES Single-voxel proton MRS was used to obtain quantifiable taurine peaks at 3.25 and 3.43 ppm. Quantitative MRS results were obtained in C57BL/6 mice of various age groups: 4, 11, 18, and 27 months old. RESULTS Compared with the 4-month-old group, taurine levels dropped significantly only at 27 months of age (p = 0.03). However, a significant decrease of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in the brain was observed at both 18 and 27 months (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). In addition, MRS-measured taurine level is highly correlated with hippocampal volume (r = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that decreased taurine levels in the brain could be used as biomarkers for hippocampal changes and are fully translatable into putative cognitive loss in both animal models and human studies without the ex vivo approach.
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Güell-Bosch J, Lope-Piedrafita S, Esquerda-Canals G, Montoliu-Gaya L, Villegas S. Progression of Alzheimer's disease and effect of scFv-h3D6 immunotherapy in the 3xTg-AD mouse model: An in vivo longitudinal study using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4263. [PMID: 32067292 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable disease that affects most of the 47 million people estimated as living with dementia worldwide. The main histopathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In recent years, Aβ-immunotherapy has been revealed as a potential tool in AD treatment. One strategy consists of using single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), which avoids the fragment crystallizable (Fc) effects that are supposed to trigger a microglial response, leading to microhemorrhages and vasogenic edemas, as evidenced in clinical trials with bapineuzumab. The scFv-h3D6 generated by our research group derives from this monoclonal antibody, which targets the N-terminal of the Aβ peptide and recognizes monomers, oligomers and fibrils. In this study, 3xTg-AD mice were intraperitoneally and monthly treated with 100 μg of scFv-h3D6 (a dose of ~3.3 mg/kg) or PBS, from 5 to 12 months of age (-mo), the age at which the mice were sacrificed and samples collected for histological and biochemical analyses. During treatments, four monitoring sessions using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) were performed at 5, 7, 9, and 12 months of age. MRI/MRS techniques are widely used in both human and mouse research, allowing to draw an in vivo picture of concrete aspects of the pathology in a non-invasive manner and allowing to monitor its development across time. Compared with the genetic background, 3xTg-AD mice presented a smaller volume in almost all cerebral regions and ages examined, an increase in both the intra and extracellular Aβ1-42 at 12-mo, and an inflammation process at this age, in both the hippocampus (IL-6 and mIns) and cortex (IL-6). In addition, treatment with scFv-h3D6 partially recovered the values in brain volume, and Aβ, IL-6, and mIns concentrations, among others, encouraging further studies with this antibody fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Güell-Bosch
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Lope-Piedrafita
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - G Esquerda-Canals
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Montoliu-Gaya
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Villegas
- Protein Design and Immunotherapy Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Dobberthien BJ, Tessier AG, Stanislaus AE, Sawyer MB, Fallone BG, Yahya A. PRESS timings for resolving 13 C 4 -glutamate 1 H signal at 9.4 T: Demonstration in rat with uniformly labelled 13 C-glucose. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4180. [PMID: 31518031 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MRS of 13 C4 -labelled glutamate (13 C4 -Glu) during an infusion of a carbon-13 (13 C)-labelled substrate, such as uniformly labelled glucose ([U-13 C6 ]-Glc), provides a measure of Glc metabolism. The presented work provides a single-shot indirect 13 C detection technique to quantify the approximately 2.51 ppm 13 C4 -Glu satellite proton (1 H) peak at 9.4 T. The methodology is an optimized point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence that minimizes signal contamination from the strongly coupled protons of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), which resonate at approximately 2.49 ppm. J-coupling evolution of protons was characterized numerically and verified experimentally. A (TE1 , TE2 ) combination of (20 ms, 106 ms) was found to be suitable for minimizing NAA signal in the 2.51 ppm 1 H 13 C4 -Glu spectral region, while retaining the 13 C4 -Glu 1 H satellite peak. The efficacy of the technique was verified on phantom solutions and on two rat brains in vivo during an infusion of [U-13 C6 ]-Glc. LCModel was employed for analysis of the in vivo spectra to quantify the 2.51 ppm 1 H 13 C4 -Glu signal to obtain Glu C4 fractional enrichment time courses during the infusions. Cramér-Rao lower bounds of about 8% were obtained for the 2.51 ppm 13 C4 -Glu 1 H satellite peak with the optimal TE combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Michael B Sawyer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - B Gino Fallone
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Cardiovascular risks impact human brain N-acetylaspartate in regionally specific patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25243-25249. [PMID: 31754041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907730116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia and hypertension increase the risk for white matter pathology and cognitive decline. We hypothesize that white matter levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a chemical involved in the metabolic pathway for myelin lipid synthesis, could serve as a biomarker that tracks the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on white matter prior to emergence of clinical changes. To test this, we measured levels of NAA across white matter and gray matter in the brain using echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) in 163 individuals and examined the relationship of regional NAA levels and cardiovascular risk factors as indexed by the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score (FCVRS). NAA was strongly and negatively correlated with FCVRS across the brain, but, after accounting for age and sex, the association was found primarily in white matter regions, with additional effects found in the thalamus, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus. FCVRS was also negatively correlated with creatine levels, again primarily in white matter. The results suggest that cardiovascular risks are related to neurochemistry with a predominantly white matter pattern and some subcortical and cortical gray matter involvement. NAA mapping of the brain may provide early surveillance for the potential subclinical impact of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors on the brain.
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22
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Tezel G, Timur SS, Bozkurt İ, Türkoğlu ÖF, Eroğlu İ, Nemutlu E, Öner L, Eroğlu H. A Snapshot on the Current Status of Alzheimer’s Disease, Treatment Perspectives, in-Vitro and in-Vivo Research Studies and Future Opportunities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1030-1041. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tezel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Selin Seda Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | | | - Ö. Faruk Türkoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara Atatürk Research and Education Hospital
| | - İpek Eroğlu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Levent Öner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Hakan Eroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
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Protective effect of potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate on hippocampal neurons, synapses and dystrophic axons in APP/PS1 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2761-2771. [PMID: 31165206 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE As the hub of memory and space, hippocampus is very sensitive to a wide variety of injuries and is one of the earliest brain structures to develop neurodegenerative changes in AD. Previous research has showed a protective effect of potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB) on cognitive deficits in animal models of AD. However, it is unclear whether this protective effect is associated with hippocampal alterations. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of PHPB on hippocampal neurodegenerative changes in middle-aged APP/PS1 mice. METHODS Ten-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and age-matched wild-type mice were randomly divided into three groups. PHPB-treated APP/PS1 group received 30 mg/kg PHPB by oral gavage once daily for 12 weeks. Wild-type group and APP/PS1 group received the same volume of water alone. Twelve weeks later, mice (13-month-old) were tested for in vivo 1H-MRS examination and then sacrificed for subsequent biochemical and pathological examinations using transmission electron microscopy, Golgi staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. RESULTS We found that PHPB treatment significantly improved the micromorphology of hippocampal neurons and subcellular organelles, ameliorated synapse loss and presynaptic axonal dystrophy, increased hippocampal dendritic spine density and dendritic complexity, enhanced the expression of hippocampal synapse-associated proteins, and improved hippocampal metabolism in middle-aged APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed for the first time the protective effect of PHPB on hippocampal neurons, synapses, and dystrophic axons in APP/PS1 mice, which to some extent revealed the possible mechanism for its ability to improve cognition in animal models of AD.
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Dobberthien BJ, Volotovskyy V, Tessier AG, Yahya A. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of rat kidney
in vivo
at 9.4 T. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Mitochondria and the Brain: Bioenergetics and Beyond. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:219-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Motor cortex metabolite alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis assessed in vivo using edited and non-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain Res 2019; 1718:22-31. [PMID: 31002818 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous MRI and proton spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies have revealed impaired neuronal integrity and altered neurometabolite concentrations in the motor cortex of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we aim to use MRI with conventional and novel MRS sequences to further investigate neurometabolic changes in the motor cortex of ALS patients and their relation to clinical parameters. We utilized the novel HERMES (Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of MEGA-Edited Spectroscopy) MRS sequence to simultaneously quantify the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and antioxidant glutathione in ALS patients (n = 7) and healthy controls (n = 7). In addition, we have also quantified other MRS observable neurometabolites using a conventional point-resolved MR spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence in ALS patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). We observed a trend towards decreasing glutathione concentrations in the motor cortex of ALS patients (p = 0.0842). In addition, we detected a 11% decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) (p = 0.025), a 15% increase in glutamate + glutamine (Glx) (p = 0.0084) and a 21% increase in myo-inositol (mIns) (p = 0.0051) concentrations for ALS patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were found between GABA-NAA (p = 0.0480; Rρ = 0.7875) and NAA-mIns (p = 0.0448; Rρ = -0.4651) levels among the patients. NAA levels in the bulbar-onset patient group were found to be significantly (p = 0.0097) lower compared to the limb-onset group. A strong correlation (p < 0.0001; Rρ = -0,8801) for mIns and a weak correlation (p = 0.0066; Rρ = -0,6673) for Glx was found for the disease progression, measured by declining of the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised criteria (ALSFRS-R). Concentrations of mIns and Glx also correlated with disease severity measured by forced vital capacity (FVC). Results suggest that mean neurometabolite concentrations detected in the motor cortex may indicate clinical and pathological changes in ALS.
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Zhang W, Guo Y, Li B, Zhang Q, Liu JH, Gu GJ, Wang JH, Bao RK, Chen YJ, Xu JR. GDF11 Rejuvenates Cerebrovascular Structure and Function in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:807-819. [PMID: 29480172 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is present in up to 90% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and may interact with classical neuropathology to exacerbate cognitive decline. Since growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) can activate vascular remodeling, we tested its effects on cognitive function and neuroinflammatory changes of AD model mice. We intravenously administered GDF11 or vehicle daily to 12-month-old transgenic mice overexpressing the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP)/PS1). Cognitive function was monitored using the Morris water maze, and after conclusion of the treatment, we assessed the morphology and presence of inflammatory markers in the cerebral vasculature. Subchronic treatment of adult AβPP/PS1 mice with GDF11 rescued cognitive function and ameliorated cerebrovascular function. In particular, the de novo genesis of small blood vessels and the expression of vascular-related proteins were significantly higher than in the vehicle-treated AβPP/PS1 mice, whereas the expressions of the inflammatory markers Iba-1 and GFAP significantly decreased in proportion to the lower ratio of two forms of amyloid-β (Aβ40/42). Daily intravenous treatment with GDF11-injection can rejuvenate respects of cognition and cerebrovascular changes in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Gu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hong Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Medical School of Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Kang Bao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Suzhou municipal hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Uli Schwarz Public Central Lab, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Blackmore DG, Turpin F, Mohamed AZ, Zong F, Pandit R, Pelekanos M, Nasrallah F, Sah P, Bartlett PF, Götz J. Multimodal analysis of aged wild-type mice exposed to repeated scanning ultrasound treatments demonstrates long-term safety. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:6233-6247. [PMID: 30613294 PMCID: PMC6299703 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier presents a major challenge for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain; however, it can be transiently opened by combining low intensity ultrasound with microbubble infusion. Studies evaluating this technology have largely been performed in rodents, including models of neurological conditions. However, despite promising outcomes in terms of drug delivery and the amelioration of neurological impairments, the potential for long-term adverse effects presents a major concern in the context of clinical applications. Methods: To fill this gap, we repeatedly treated 12-month-old wild-type mice with ultrasound, followed by a multimodal analysis for up to 18 months of age. Results: We found that spatial memory in these aged mice was not adversely affected as assessed in the active place avoidance test. Sholl analysis of Golgi impregnations in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus did not reveal any changes to the neuronal cytoarchitecture. Long-term potentiation, a cellular correlate of memory, was still achievable, magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed no major changes in metabolites, and diffusion tensor imaging revealed normal microstructure and tissue integrity in the hippocampus. More specifically, all measures of diffusion appeared to support a neuroprotective effect of ultrasound treatment on the brain. Conclusion: This multimodal analysis indicates that therapeutic ultrasound for blood-brain barrier opening is safe and potentially protective in the long-term, underscoring its validity as a potential treatment modality for diseases of the brain.
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29
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Chaney A, Williams SR, Boutin H. In vivo molecular imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2018; 149:438-451. [PMID: 30339715 PMCID: PMC6563454 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Increased glial cell activation is consistently reported in both rodent models of AD and in AD patients. Moreover, recent genome wide association studies have revealed multiple genes associated with inflammation and immunity are significantly associated with an increased risk of AD development (e.g. TREM2). Non‐invasive in vivo detection and tracking of neuroinflammation is necessary to enhance our understanding of the contribution of neuroinflammation to the initiation and progression of AD. Importantly, accurate methods of quantifying neuroinflammation may aid early diagnosis and serve as an output for therapeutic monitoring and disease management. This review details current in vivo imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation being explored and summarizes both pre‐clinical and clinical results from molecular imaging studies investigating the role of neuroinflammation in AD, with a focus on positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Chaney
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Steve R Williams
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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30
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Weerasekera A, Sima DM, Dresselaers T, Van Huffel S, Van Damme P, Himmelreich U. Non-invasive assessment of disease progression and neuroprotective effects of dietary coconut oil supplementation in the ALS SOD1 G93A mouse model: A 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:1092-1105. [PMID: 30368196 PMCID: PMC6202692 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease primarily characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Due to relatively fast progression of ALS, early diagnosis is essential for possible therapeutic intervention and disease management. To identify potential diagnostic markers, we investigated age-dependent effects of disease onset and progression on regional neurochemistry in the SOD1G93A ALS mouse model using localized in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We focused mainly on the brainstem region since brainstem motor nuclei are the primarily affected regions in SOD1G93A mice and ALS patients. In addition, metabolite profiles of the motor cortex were also assessed. In the brainstem, a gradual decrease in creatine levels were detected starting from the pre-symptomatic age of 70 days postpartum. During the early symptomatic phase (day 90), a significant increase in the levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA) was measured. At later time points, alterations in the form of decreased NAA, glutamate, glutamine and increased myo-inositol were observed. Also, decreased glutamate, NAA and increased taurine levels were seen at late stages in the motor cortex. A proof-of-concept (PoC) study was conducted to assess the effects of coconut oil supplementation in SODG93A mice. The PoC revealed that the coconut oil supplementation together with the regular diet delayed disease symptoms, enhanced motor performance, and prolonged survival in the SOD1G93A mouse model. Furthermore, MRS data showed stable metabolic profile at day 120 in the coconut oil diet group compared to the group receiving a standard diet without coconut oil supplementation. In addition, a positive correlation between survival and the neuronal marker NAA was found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports metabolic changes in the brainstem using in vivo MRS and effects of coconut oil supplementation as a prophylactic treatment in SOD1G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weerasekera
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D M Sima
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; icometrix, R&D department, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Dresselaers
- Radiology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Van Huffel
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Van Damme
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - U Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Next-generation biomarker discovery in Alzheimer's disease using metabolomics - from animal to human studies. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1525-1546. [PMID: 30198770 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease driven mainly by neuronal loss due to accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid β aggregates in the brain. The diagnosis of AD currently relies on clinical symptoms while the disease can only be confirmed at autopsy. The few available biomarkers allowing for diagnosis are typically detected many years after the onset of the disease. New diagnostic approaches, particularly in easily-accessible biofluids, are essential. By providing an exhaustive information of the phenotype, metabolomics is an ideal approach for identification of new biomarkers. This review investigates the current position of metabolomics in the field of AD research, focusing on animal and human studies, and discusses the improvements carried out over the past decade.
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32
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Montoliu-Gaya L, Güell-Bosch J, Esquerda-Canals G, Roda AR, Serra-Mir G, Lope-Piedrafita S, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Villegas S. Differential effects of apoE and apoJ mimetic peptides on the action of an anti-Aβ scFv in 3xTg-AD mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:380-392. [PMID: 30026023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Aβ immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The single-chain variable fragment scFv-h3D6 is an anti-Aβ antibody fragment that lacks the Fc region, which is associated with the induction of microglial reactivity by the full-length monoclonal antibody bapineuzumab. ScFv-h3D6 was previously shown to restore the levels of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and apolipoprotein J (apoJ) in a triple-transgenic-AD (3xTg-AD) mouse model. Since apoE and apoJ play an important role in the development of AD, we aimed to study the in vivo effect of the combined therapy of scFv-h3D6 with apoE and apoJ mimetic peptides (MPs). Four-and-a-half-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were treated for six weeks with scFv-h3D6, apoE-MP, apoJ-MP, or a combination of scFv-h3D6 with each of the MPs, or a vehicle, and then the results were compared to non-transgenic mice. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed a general tendency of the different treatments to protect against the reduction in brain volume. Aβ burden decreased after treatment with scFv-h3D6, apoE-MP, or apoJ-MP, but the effect was not as evident with the combined therapies. In terms of glial reactivity, apoE-MP showed a potent anti-inflammatory effect that was eased by the presence of scFv-h3D6, whereas the combination of apoJ-MP and scFv-h3D6 was not detrimental. ScFv-h3D6 alone did not induce microglial reactivity, as full-length antibodies do; rather, it reduced it. Endogenous apoE and apoJ levels were decreased by scFv-h3D6, but the MPs lead to a simultaneous increase of both apolipoproteins. While apoE-MP and apoJ-MP demonstrated different effects in the combined therapies with scFv-h3D6, they did not improve the overall protective effect of scFv-h3D6 in reducing the Aβ burden, apolipoproteins levels or microglial reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Montoliu-Gaya
- Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jofre Güell-Bosch
- Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gisela Esquerda-Canals
- Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alejandro R Roda
- Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Serra-Mir
- Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Lope-Piedrafita
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Sandra Villegas
- Protein Folding and Stability Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Patel AB, Tiwari V, Veeraiah P, Saba K. Increased astroglial activity and reduced neuronal function across brain in AβPP-PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1213-1226. [PMID: 28585882 PMCID: PMC6434450 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17709463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive loss of cognitive function, personality, and behavior. The present study evaluates neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity, and neurotransmitter cycle fluxes in AβPP-PS1 mouse model of AD by using 1H-[13C]-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy together with an infusion of either [1,6-13C2]glucose or [2-13C]acetate. The levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and glutamate were found to be decreased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in AβPP-PS1 mice, when compared with wild type controls. The cerebral metabolic rate of acetate oxidation was increased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of AβPP-PS1 mice suggesting enhanced astroglial activity in AD. AβPP-PS1 mice exhibit severe reduction in glutamatergic and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic neuronal metabolic activity and neurotransmitter cycling fluxes in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and striatum as compared with controls. These data suggest that metabolic activity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons is compromised across brain in AβPP-PS1 mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant B Patel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Kamal Saba
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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Aytan N, Choi JK, Carreras I, Crabtree L, Nguyen B, Lehar M, Blusztajn JK, Jenkins BG, Dedeoglu A. Protective effects of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone on neuropathological and neurochemical changes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 828:9-17. [PMID: 29510124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interest in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was greatly enhanced when it was recognized that its expression is reduced in neurodegenerative disorders, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BDNF signaling through the TrkB receptor has a central role in promoting synaptic transmission, synaptogenesis, and facilitating synaptic plasticity making the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway an attractive candidate for targeted therapies. Here we investigated the early effect of the small molecule TrkB agonist, 7,8 dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), on AD-related pathology, dendritic arborization, synaptic density, and neurochemical changes in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. We treated 5xFAD mice with 7,8-DHF for 2 months beginning at 1 month of age. We found that, in this model of AD, 7,8-DHF treatment decreased cortical Aβ plaque deposition and protected cortical neurons against reduced dendritic arbor complexity but had no significant impact on the density of dendritic spines. In addition 7,8-DHF treatment protected against hippocampal increase in the level of choline-containing compounds and glutamate loss, but had no significant impact on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgul Aytan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ji-Kyung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Isabel Carreras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Biochemistry Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Leah Crabtree
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; University of Exeter Medical School, Devon EX4 4QJ, UK.
| | - Brian Nguyen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Margaret Lehar
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | | | - Bruce G Jenkins
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Alpaslan Dedeoglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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35
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Dobberthien BJ, Tessier AG, Yahya A. Improved resolution of glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid with optimized point-resolved spectroscopy sequence timings for their simultaneous quantification at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3851. [PMID: 29105187 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are relevant brain metabolites that can be measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This work optimizes the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence echo times, TE1 and TE2 , for improved simultaneous quantification of the three metabolites at 9.4 T. Quantification was based on the proton resonances of Gln, Glu and GABA at ≈2.45, ≈2.35 and ≈2.28 ppm, respectively. Glu exhibits overlap with both Gln and GABA; in addition, the Gln peak is contaminated by signal from the strongly coupled protons of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), which resonate at about 2.49 ppm. J-coupling evolution of the protons was characterized numerically and verified experimentally. A {TE1 , TE2 } combination of {106 ms, 16 ms} minimized the NAA signal in the Gln spectral region, whilst retaining Gln, Glu and GABA peaks. The efficacy of the technique was verified on phantom solutions and on rat brain in vivo. LCModel was employed to analyze the in vivo spectra. The average T2 -corrected Gln, Glu and GABA concentrations were found to be 3.39, 11.43 and 2.20 mM, respectively, assuming a total creatine concentration of 8.5 mM. LCModel Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for Gln, Glu and GABA were in the ranges 14-17%, 4-6% and 16-19%, respectively. The optimal TE resulted in concentrations for Gln and GABA that agreed more closely with literature concentrations compared with concentrations obtained from short-TE spectra acquired with a {TE1 , TE2 } combination of {12 ms, 9 ms}. LCModel estimations were also evaluated with short-TE PRESS and with the optimized long TE of {106 ms, 16 ms}, using phantom solutions of known metabolite concentrations. It was shown that concentrations estimated with LCModel can be inaccurate when combined with short-TE PRESS, where there is peak overlap, even when low (<20%) CRLBs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Chaney A, Bauer M, Bochicchio D, Smigova A, Kassiou M, Davies KE, Williams SR, Boutin H. Longitudinal investigation of neuroinflammation and metabolite profiles in the APP swe ×PS1 Δe9 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2017; 144:318-335. [PMID: 29124761 PMCID: PMC5846890 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence linking neuroinflammation to many neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, its exact contribution to disease manifestation and/or progression is poorly understood. Therefore, there is a need to investigate neuroinflammation in both health and disease. Here, we investigate cognitive decline, neuroinflammatory and other pathophysiological changes in the APPswe×PS1Δe9 transgenic mouse model of AD. Transgenic (TG) mice were compared to C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice at 6, 12 and 18 months of age. Neuroinflammation was investigated by [18F]DPA‐714 positron emission tomography and myo‐inositol levels using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in vivo. Neuronal and cellular dysfunction was investigated by looking at N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), choline‐containing compounds, taurine and glutamate also using MRS. Cognitive decline was first observed at 12 m of age in the TG mice as assessed by working memory tests . A significant increase in [18F]DPA‐714 uptake was seen in the hippocampus and cortex of 18 m‐old TG mice when compared to age‐matched WT mice and 6 m‐old TG mice. No overall effect of gene was seen on metabolite levels; however, a significant reduction in NAA was observed in 18 m‐old TG mice when compared to WT. In addition, age resulted in a decrease in glutamate and an increase in choline levels. Therefore, we can conclude that increased neuroinflammation and cognitive decline are observed in TG animals, whereas NAA alterations occurring with age are exacerbated in the TG mice. These results support the role of neuroinflammation and metabolite alteration in AD and in ageing. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Chaney
- Centre for Imaging Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Bochicchio
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alison Smigova
- Centre for Imaging Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Karen E Davies
- Centre for Imaging Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Steve R Williams
- Centre for Imaging Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Centre for Imaging Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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González-Domínguez R, Sayago A, Fernández-Recamales Á. Metabolomics in Alzheimer’s disease: The need of complementary analytical platforms for the identification of biomarkers to unravel the underlying pathology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1071:75-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Saba K, Rajnala N, Veeraiah P, Tiwari V, Rana RK, Lakhotia SC, Patel AB. Energetics of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmission in Aluminum Chloride Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Reversal of Behavioral and Metabolic Deficits by Rasa Sindoor. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:323. [PMID: 29089867 PMCID: PMC5651029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive loss of cognitive functions and memory. Excessive intake of aluminum chloride in drinking water is associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which are the hallmark of AD. We have evaluated brain energy metabolism in aluminum chloride (AlCl3) mouse model of AD. In addition, effectiveness of Rasa Sindoor (RS), a formulation used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine, for alleviation of symptoms of AD was evaluated. Mice were administered AlCl3 (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once a day for 60 days. The memory of mice was measured using Morris Water Maze test. The 13C labeling of brain amino acids was measured ex vivo in tissue extracts using 1H-[13C]-NMR spectroscopy with timed infusion of [1,6-13C2]glucose. The 13C turnover of brain amino acids was analyzed using a three-compartment metabolic model to derive the neurotransmitter cycling and TCA cycle rates associated with glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways. Exposure of AlCl3 led to reduction in memory of mice. The glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter cycling and glucose oxidation were found to be reduced in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum following chronic AlCl3 treatment. The perturbation in metabolic rates was highest in the cerebral cortex. However, reduction in metabolic fluxes was higher in hippocampus and striatum following one month post AlCl3 treatment. Most interestingly, oral administration of RS (2 g/kg) restored memory as well as the energetics of neurotransmission in mice exposed to AlCl3. These data suggest therapeutic potential of RS to manage cognitive functions and memory in preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Saba
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
| | - Niharika Rajnala
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
| | - Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
| | - Rohit K Rana
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, India
| | - Subhash C Lakhotia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anant B Patel
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, India
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Zhang W, Gu GJ, Zhang Q, Liu JH, Zhang B, Guo Y, Wang MY, Gong QY, Xu JR. NSCs promote hippocampal neurogenesis, metabolic changes and synaptogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Hippocampus 2017; 27:1250-1263. [PMID: 28833933 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling persist as a unique form of structural and functional plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles due to the existence of neural stem cells (NSCs). Transplantation of NSCs may represent a promising approach for the recovery of neural circuits. Here, we aimed to examine effects of highly neuronal differentiation of NSCs transplantation on hippocampal neurogenesis, metabolic changes and synaptic formation in APP/PS1 mice. 12-month-old APP/PS1 mice were used for behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, western blot, transmission electron microscopy and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The results showed that N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and Glutamate (Glu) levels were increased in the Tg-NSC mice compared with the Tg-PBS and Tg-AD mice 10 weeks after NSCs transplantation. NSC-induced an increase in expression of synaptophysin and postsynaptic protein-95, and the number of neurons with normal synapses was significantly increased in Tg-NSC mice. More doublecortin-, BrdU/NeuN- and Nestin-positive neurons were observed in the hippocampal DG and SVZ of the Tg-NSC mice. This is the first demonstration that engrafted NSCs with a high differentiation rate to neurons can enhance neurogenesis in a mouse model of AD and can be detected by 1H-MRS in vivo. It is suggested that engraft of NSCs can restore memory and promote endogenous neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling, moreover, 1H-MRS can detect metabolite changes in AD mice in vivo. The observed changes in NAA/creatine (Cr) and glutamate (Glu)/Cr may be correlated with newborn neurons and new synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Gu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Urumqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, No. 389, Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Yun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Yong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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40
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Kuhla A, Rühlmann C, Lindner T, Polei S, Hadlich S, Krause BJ, Vollmar B, Teipel SJ. APPswe/PS1dE9 mice with cortical amyloid pathology show a reduced NAA/Cr ratio without apparent brain atrophy: A MRS and MRI study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:581-586. [PMID: 28652970 PMCID: PMC5476467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic animal models of Aβ pathology provide mechanistic insight into some aspects of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology related to Aβ accumulation. Quantitative neuroimaging is a possible aid to improve translation of mechanistic findings in transgenic models to human end phenotypes of brain morphology or function. Therefore, we combined MRI-based morphometry, MRS-based NAA-assessment and quantitative histology of neurons and amyloid plaque load in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model to determine the interrelationship between morphological changes, changes in neuron numbers and amyloid plaque load with reductions of NAA levels as marker of neuronal functional viability. The APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse showed an increase of Aβ plaques, loss of neurons and an impairment of NAA/Cr ratio, which however was not accompanied with brain atrophy. As brain atrophy is one main characteristic in human AD, conclusions from murine to human AD pathology should be drawn with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kuhla
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Claire Rühlmann
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Polei
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Hadlich
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernd J Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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41
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Kim J, Choi IY, Duff KE, Lee P. Progressive Pathological Changes in Neurochemical Profile of the Hippocampus and Early Changes in the Olfactory Bulbs of Tau Transgenic Mice (rTg4510). Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1649-1660. [PMID: 28523532 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD-tau) dementia, characterized by pathologic aggregation of the microtubule-associated tau protein and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, have been linked to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. The early detection of cerebral abnormalities and the identification of biological contributors to the continuous pathologic processes of neurodegeneration in tauopathies critically hinge on sensitive and reliable measures of biomarkers in the living brain. In this study, we measured alterations in a number of key neurochemicals associated with tauopathy-induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and the olfactory bulbs of a transgenic mouse model of FTLD-tauopathy, line rTg4510, using in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 T. The rTg4510 line develops tauopathy at a young age (4-5 months), reaching a severe stage by 8-12 months of age. Longitudinal measurement of neurochemical concentrations in the hippocampus of mice from 5 to 12 months of age showed significant progressive changes with distinctive disease staging patterns including N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione and glutamine. The accompanying hippocampal volume loss measured using magnetic resonance imaging showed significant correlation (p < 0.01) with neurochemical measurements. Neurochemical alterations in the olfactory bulbs were more pronounced than those in the hippocampus in rTg4510 mice. These results demonstrate progressive neuropathology in the mouse model and provide potential biomarkers of early neuropathological events and effective noninvasive monitoring of the disease progression and treatment efficacy, which can be easily translated to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Mail Stop 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - In-Young Choi
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Mail Stop 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Karen E Duff
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Mail Stop 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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42
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Du Y, Zheng H, Xia H, Zhao L, Hu W, Bai G, Yan Z, Gao H. Early Effect of Amyloid β-Peptide on Hippocampal and Serum Metabolism in Rats Studied by an Integrated Method of NMR-Based Metabolomics and ANOVA-Simultaneous Component Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3262495. [PMID: 28243597 PMCID: PMC5294748 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3262495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) deposition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the early effect of Aβ deposition on metabolism remains unclear. In the present study, thus, we explored the metabolic changes in the hippocampus and serum during first 2 weeks of Aβ25-35 injection in rats by using an integrated method of NMR-based metabolomics and ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Our results show that Aβ25-35 injection, time, and their interaction had statistically significant effects on the hippocampus and serum metabolome. Furthermore, we identified key metabolites that mainly contributed to these effects. After Aβ25-35 injection from 1 to 2 weeks, the levels of lactate, N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and taurine were decreased in rat hippocampus, while an increase in lactate and decreases in LDL/VLDL and glucose were observed in rat serum. Therefore, we suggest that the reduction in energy and lipid metabolism as well as an increase in anaerobic glycolysis may occur at the early stage of Aβ25-35 deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huanhuan Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenyi Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guanghui Bai
- Radiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhihan Yan
- Radiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Genetic Mouse Models and Current Advances in Human IPSC-Derived Neurons. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 15:3-29. [PMID: 28674976 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease was first described in 1906 and since then tremendous efforts have been made to fully understand the disease pathology and to find a cure for this neurodegenerative disease. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's is still difficult, especially in early stages of the disease. Current treatment of Alzheimer's only ameliorates the symptoms but fails to provide a therapy. Over the last decades, animal models have been proven valuable in elucidating insights of the pathology. In vitro models using patient-derived cells are currently emerging and hold great promise in understanding the disease pathophysiology. Here, we introduce the neurobiology and genetic features of Alzheimer's and describe what we have learned from studies employing mouse models and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Abstract
Both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been associated with reduced performance on multiple domains of cognitive function and with evidence of abnormal structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitive deficits may occur at the very earliest stages of diabetes and are further exacerbated by the metabolic syndrome. The duration of diabetes and glycemic control may have an impact on the type and severity of cognitive impairment, but as yet we cannot predict who is at greatest risk of developing cognitive impairment. The pathophysiology of cognitive impairment is multifactorial, although dysfunction in each interconnecting pathway ultimately leads to discordance in metabolic signaling. The pathophysiology includes defects in insulin signaling, autonomic function, neuroinflammatory pathways, mitochondrial (Mt) metabolism, the sirtuin-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1α (SIRT-PGC-1α) axis, and Tau signaling. Several promising therapies have been identified in pre-clinical studies, but remain to be validated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Zilliox
- Department of Neurology, Maryland VA Healthcare System and University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Krish Chadrasekaran
- Department of Neurology, Maryland VA Healthcare System and University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Justin Y Kwan
- Department of Neurology, Maryland VA Healthcare System and University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - James W Russell
- Department of Neurology, Maryland VA Healthcare System and University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, 3S-129, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA.
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy discriminates the response to microglial stimulation of wild type and Alzheimer's disease models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19880. [PMID: 26813748 PMCID: PMC4728482 DOI: 10.1038/srep19880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation has emerged as a potential key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Metabolite levels assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are used as markers of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, but how they relate to microglial activation in health and chronic disease is incompletely understood. Using MRS, we monitored the brain metabolic response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced microglia activation in vivo in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1) and healthy controls (wild-type (WT) littermates) over 4 hours. We assessed reactive gliosis by immunohistochemistry and correlated metabolic and histological measures. In WT mice, LPS induced a microglial phenotype consistent with activation, associated with a sustained increase in macromolecule and lipid levels (ML9). This effect was not seen in APP/PS1 mice, where LPS did not lead to a microglial response measured by histology, but induced a late increase in the putative inflammation marker myoinositol (mI) and metabolic changes in total creatine and taurine previously reported to be associated with amyloid load. We argue that ML9 and mI distinguish the response of WT and APP/PS1 mice to immune mediators. Lipid and macromolecule levels may represent a biomarker of activation of healthy microglia, while mI may not be a glial marker.
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Pan X, Nasaruddin MB, Elliott CT, McGuinness B, Passmore AP, Kehoe PG, Hölscher C, McClean PL, Graham SF, Green BD. Alzheimer's disease-like pathology has transient effects on the brain and blood metabolome. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 38:151-163. [PMID: 26827653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex involving multiple contributing factors. The extent to which AD pathology affects the metabolome is still not understood nor is it known how disturbances change as the disease progresses. For the first time, we have profiled longitudinally (6, 8, 10, 12, and 18 months) both the brain and plasma metabolome of APPswe/PS1deltaE9 double transgenic and wild-type mice. A total of 187 metabolites were quantified using a targeted metabolomic methodology. Multivariate statistical analysis produced models that distinguished APPswe/PS1deltaE9 from wild-type mice at 8, 10, and 12 months. Metabolic pathway analysis found perturbed polyamine metabolism in both brain and blood plasma. There were other disturbances in essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, and also in the neurotransmitter serotonin. Pronounced imbalances in phospholipid and acylcarnitine homeostasis were evident in 2 age groups. AD-like pathology, therefore, affects greatly on both the brain and blood metabolomes, although there appears to be a clear temporal sequence whereby changes to brain metabolites precede those in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Pan
- Advanced Asset Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Muhammad Bin Nasaruddin
- Advanced Asset Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Advanced Asset Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Anthony P Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paula L McClean
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | | | - Brian D Green
- Advanced Asset Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Yin F, Sancheti H, Liu Z, Cadenas E. Mitochondrial function in ageing: coordination with signalling and transcriptional pathways. J Physiol 2015; 594:2025-42. [PMID: 26293414 DOI: 10.1113/jp270541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction entailing decreased energy-transducing capacity and perturbed redox homeostasis is an early and sometimes initiating event in ageing and age-related disorders involving tissues with high metabolic rate such as brain, liver and heart. In the central nervous system (CNS), recent findings from our and other groups suggest that the mitochondrion-centred hypometabolism is a key feature of ageing brains and Alzheimer's disease. This hypometabolic state is manifested by lowered neuronal glucose uptake, metabolic shift in the astrocytes, and alternations in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle function. Similarly, in liver and adipose tissue, mitochondrial capacity around glucose and fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis is found to decline with age and is implicated in age-related metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These mitochondrion-related disorders in peripheral tissues can impact on brain functions through metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory signals. At the cellular level, studies in CNS and non-CNS tissues support the notion that instead of being viewed as autonomous organelles, mitochondria are part of a dynamic network with close interactions with other cellular components through energy- or redox-sensitive cytosolic kinase signalling and transcriptional pathways. Hence, it would be critical to further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the communication between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. Therapeutic strategies that effectively preserves or improve mitochondrial function by targeting key component of these signalling cascades could represent a novel direction for numerous mitochondrion-implicated, age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Harsh Sancheti
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
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Duarte JMN. Metabolic Alterations Associated to Brain Dysfunction in Diabetes. Aging Dis 2015; 6:304-21. [PMID: 26425386 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From epidemiological studies it is known that diabetes patients display increased risk of developing dementia. Moreover, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are also accompanied by impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin signalling. Although there is plenty of evidence for a connection between insulin-resistant diabetes and AD, definitive linking mechanisms remain elusive. Cerebrovascular complications of diabetes, alterations in glucose homeostasis and insulin signalling, as well as recurrent hypoglycaemia are the factors that most likely affect brain function and structure. While difficult to study in patients, the mechanisms by which diabetes leads to brain dysfunction have been investigated in experimental models that display phenotypes of the disease. The present article reviews the impact of diabetes and AD on brain structure and function, and discusses recent findings from translational studies in animal models that link insulin resistance to metabolic alterations that underlie brain dysfunction. Such modifications of brain metabolism are likely to occur at early stages of neurodegeneration and impact regional neurochemical profiles and constitute non-invasive biomarkers detectable by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- João M N Duarte
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Orije J, Kara F, Guglielmetti C, Praet J, Van der Linden A, Ponsaerts P, Verhoye M. Longitudinal monitoring of metabolic alterations in cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2015; 114:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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