1
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Rasheed A, Barqawi AA, Mahmood A, Nawaz M, Shah AN, Bay DH, Alahdal MA, Hassan MU, Qari SH. CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful tool for precise genome editing of legume crops: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5595-5609. [PMID: 35585381 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Legumes are an imperative source of food and proteins across the globe. They also improve soil fertility through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Genome editing (GE) is now a novel way of developing desirable traits in legume crops. Genome editing tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system permits a defined genome alteration to improve crop performance. This genome editing tool is reliable, cost-effective, and versatile, and it has to deepen in terms of use compared to other tools. Recently, many novel variations have drawn the attention of plant geneticists, and efforts are being made to develop trans-gene-free cultivars for ensuring biosafety measures. This review critically elaborates on the recent development in genome editing of major legumes crops. We hope this updated review will provide essential informations for the researchers working on legumes genome editing. In general, the CRISPR/Cas9 novel GE technique can be integrated with other techniques like omics approaches and next-generation tools to broaden the range of gene editing and develop any desired legumes traits. Regulatory ethics of CRISPR/Cas9 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Rasheed
- Key Laboratory of Crops Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Aminah A Barqawi
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Daniyah H Bay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A Alahdal
- Biology Department Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Suzuki S, Ohta KI, Nakajima Y, Shigeto H, Abe H, Kawai A, Miura R, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Miki T. Meganuclease-Based Artificial Transcription Factors. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2679-2691. [PMID: 32907319 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Embedding middle-scale artificial gene networks in live mammalian cells is one of the most important future goals for cell engineering. However, the applications of the highly orthogonal and conventional artificial transcription factors currently available are limited. In this study, we present a scalable pipeline to produce artificial transcription factors based on homing endonucleases, also known as meganucleases. The introduction of mutations at critical sites for nuclease activity renders these homing endonucleases a simple but highly specific DNA binding domain for their specific DNA target. The introduction of inactivated meganucleases linked to transcriptional activator domains strongly induced reporter gene expression, while their fusion to transcriptional repressor domains suppressed them. In addition, we show that inactivated meganuclease-based transcription factors could be embedded in the synthetic membrane receptor synNotch and used to construct synthetic circuits. These results suggest that inactivated meganucleases are useful DNA-binding domains for the construction of synthetic transcription factors in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Hajime Shigeto
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroko Abe
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Anna Kawai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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3
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Segreto GE, Alba J, Salvio R, D’Abramo M. DNA cleavage by endonuclease I-DmoI: a QM/MM study and comparison with experimental data provide indications on the environmental effects. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-2585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Trimidal SG, Benjamin R, Bae JE, Han MV, Kong E, Singer A, Williams TS, Yang B, Schiller MR. Can Designer Indels Be Tailored by Gene Editing?: Can Indels Be Customized? Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900126. [PMID: 31693213 PMCID: PMC7202862 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEENs) introduce site-specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and repairs DSBs via nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways that eventually create indels (insertions/deletions) in a genome. Whether the features of indels resulting from gene editing could be customized is asked. A review of the literature reveals how gene editing technologies via NHEJ pathways impact gene editing. The survey consolidates a body of literature that suggests that the type (insertion, deletion, and complex) and the approximate length of indel edits can be somewhat customized with different GEENs and by manipulating the expression of key NHEJ genes. Structural data suggest that binding of GEENs to DNA may interfere with binding of key components of DNA repair complexes, favoring either classical- or alternative-NHEJ. The hypotheses have some limitations, but if validated, will enable scientists to better control indel makeup, holding promise for basic science and clinical applications of gene editing. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/vTkJtUsLi3w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Trimidal
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Ronald Benjamin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Ji Eun Bae
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Mira V Han
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Aaron Singer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Tyler S Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Martin R Schiller
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
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5
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Alba J, Marcaida MJ, Prieto J, Montoya G, Molina R, D'Abramo M. Structure and dynamics of mesophilic variants from the homing endonuclease I-DmoI. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2017; 31:1063-1072. [PMID: 29177929 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-017-0087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
I-DmoI, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Desulfurococcus mobilis, belongs to the LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease protein family. Its members are highly specific enzymes capable of recognizing long DNA target sequences, thus providing potential tools for genome manipulation. Working towards this particular application, many efforts have been made to generate mesophilic variants of I-DmoI that function at lower temperatures than the wild-type. Here, we report a structural and computational analysis of two I-DmoI mesophilic mutants. Despite very limited structural variations between the crystal structures of these variants and the wild-type, a different dynamical behaviour near the cleavage sites is observed. In particular, both the dynamics of the water molecules and the protein perturbation effect on the cleavage site correlate well with the changes observed in the experimental enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Alba
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Jose Marcaida
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Prieto
- Spanish National Cancer Center, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Protein Structure & Function Programme, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Molina
- Deparment of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry "Rocasolano", CSIC, Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marco D'Abramo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Grottesi A, Cecconi S, Molina R, D'abramo M. Effect of DNA on the conformational dynamics of the endonucleases I-DmoI as provided by molecular dynamics simulations. Biopolymers 2016; 105:898-904. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grottesi
- SuperComputing Applications and Innovations; CINECA; via dei Tizii 6 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Simone Cecconi
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le A. Moro, 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Rafael Molina
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology; Inst. Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC; Serrano 119 Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - Marco D'abramo
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le A. Moro, 5 Rome 00185 Italy
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7
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Prieto J, Redondo P, Merino N, Villate M, Montoya G, Blanco FJ, Molina R. Structure of the I-SceI nuclease complexed with its dsDNA target and three catalytic metal ions. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:473-9. [PMID: 27303901 PMCID: PMC4909248 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16007512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Homing endonucleases are highly specific DNA-cleaving enzymes that recognize and cleave long stretches of DNA. The engineering of these enzymes provides instruments for genome modification in a wide range of fields, including gene targeting. The homing endonuclease I-SceI from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been purified after overexpression in Escherichia coli and its crystal structure has been determined in complex with its target DNA. In order to evaluate the number of ions that are involved in the cleavage process, thus determining the catalytic mechanism, crystallization experiments were performed in the presence of Mn(2+), yielding crystals that were suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals belonged to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 80.11, b = 80.57, c = 130.87 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. The self-rotation function and the Matthews coefficient suggested the presence of two protein-DNA complexes in the asymmetric unit. The crystals diffracted to a resolution limit of 2.9 Å using synchrotron radiation. From the anomalous data, it was determined that three cations are involved in catalysis and it was confirmed that I-SceI follows a two-metal-ion DNA-strand cleavage mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Prieto
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Redondo
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nekane Merino
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Vizcaya, Edificio 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Maider Villate
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Vizcaya, Edificio 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Protein Structure and Function Programme, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Vizcaya, Edificio 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation For Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rafael Molina
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Molina R, Besker N, Marcaida MJ, Montoya G, Prieto J, D’Abramo M. Key Players in I-DmoI Endonuclease Catalysis Revealed from Structure and Dynamics. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1401-7. [PMID: 26909878 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Homing endonucleases, such as I-DmoI, specifically recognize and cleave long DNA target sequences (∼20 bp) and are potentially powerful tools for genome manipulation. However, inefficient and off-target DNA cleavage seriously limits specific editing in complex genomes. One approach to overcome these limitations is to unambiguously identify the key structural players involved in catalysis. Here, we report the E117A I-DmoI mutant crystal structure at 2.2 Å resolution that, together with the wt and Q42A/K120M constructs, is combined with computational approaches to shed light on protein cleavage activity. The cleavage mechanism was related both to key structural effects, such as the position of water molecules and ions participating in the cleavage reaction, and to dynamical effects related to protein behavior. In particular, we found that the protein perturbation pattern significantly changes between cleaved and noncleaved DNA strands when the ions and water molecules are correctly positioned for the nucleophilic attack that initiates the cleavage reaction, in line with experimental enzymatic activity. The proposed approach paves the way for an effective, general, and reliable procedure to analyze the enzymatic activity of endonucleases from a very limited data set, i.e., structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Molina
- Structural
Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Macromolecular Crystallography
Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor
Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Neva Besker
- CINECA, SuperComputing Applications and Innovations, via dei Tizii 6, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Jose Marcaida
- Structural
Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Macromolecular Crystallography
Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor
Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Structural
Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Macromolecular Crystallography
Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor
Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Protein Structure & Function Programme, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Structural
Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Macromolecular Crystallography
Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor
Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco D’Abramo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, p.le
A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Shen BW, Lambert A, Walker BC, Stoddard BL, Kaiser BK. The Structural Basis of Asymmetry in DNA Binding and Cleavage as Exhibited by the I-SmaMI LAGLIDADG Meganuclease. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:206-220. [PMID: 26705195 PMCID: PMC4749321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases ("meganucleases") are highly specific DNA cleaving enzymes that are used for genome engineering. Like other enzymes that act on DNA targets, meganucleases often display binding affinities and cleavage activities that are dominated by one protein domain. To decipher the underlying mechanism of asymmetric DNA recognition and catalysis, we identified and characterized a new monomeric meganuclease (I-SmaMI), which belongs to a superfamily of homologous enzymes that recognize divergent DNA sequences. We solved a series of crystal structures of the enzyme-DNA complex representing a progression of sequential reaction states, and we compared the structural rearrangements and surface potential distributions within each protein domain against their relative contribution to binding affinity. We then determined the effects of equivalent point mutations in each of the two enzyme active sites to determine whether asymmetry in DNA recognition is translated into corresponding asymmetry in DNA cleavage activity. These experiments demonstrate the structural basis for "dominance" by one protein domain over the other and provide insights into this enzyme's conformational switch from a nonspecific search mode to a more specific recognition mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty W. Shen
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Abigail Lambert
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bradley C. Walker
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, 901 12th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Barry L. Stoddard
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brett K. Kaiser
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, 901 12th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
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10
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Teotia S, Singh D, Tang X, Tang G. Essential RNA-Based Technologies and Their Applications in Plant Functional Genomics. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:106-123. [PMID: 26774589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing has not only extended our understanding of the blueprints of many plant species but has also revealed the secrets of coding and non-coding genes. We present here a brief introduction to and personal account of key RNA-based technologies, as well as their development and applications for functional genomics of plant coding and non-coding genes, with a focus on short tandem target mimics (STTMs), artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs), and CRISPR/Cas9. In addition, their use in multiplex technologies for the functional dissection of gene networks is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Teotia
- Provincial State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, UP 201312, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Deepali Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, UP 201312, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Provincial State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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11
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Molina R, Redondo P, López-Méndez B, Villate M, Merino N, Blanco FJ, Valton J, Grizot S, Duchateau P, Prieto J, Montoya G. Crystal Structure of the Homing Endonuclease I-CvuI Provides a New Template for Genome Modification. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28727-36. [PMID: 26363068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Homing endonucleases recognize and generate a DNA double-strand break, which has been used to promote gene targeting. These enzymes recognize long DNA stretches; they are highly sequence-specific enzymes and display a very low frequency of cleavage even in complete genomes. Although a large number of homing endonucleases have been identified, the landscape of possible target sequences is still very limited to cover the complexity of the whole eukaryotic genome. Therefore, the finding and molecular analysis of homing endonucleases identified but not yet characterized may widen the landscape of possible target sequences. The previous characterization of protein-DNA interaction before the engineering of new homing endonucleases is essential for further enzyme modification. Here we report the crystal structure of I-CvuI in complex with its target DNA and with the target DNA of I-CreI, a homologue enzyme widely used in genome engineering. To characterize the enzyme cleavage mechanism, we have solved the I-CvuI DNA structures in the presence of non-catalytic (Ca(2+)) and catalytic ions (Mg(2+)). We have also analyzed the metal dependence of DNA cleavage using Mg(2+) ions at different concentrations ranging from non-cleavable to cleavable concentrations obtained from in vitro cleavage experiments. The structure of I-CvuI homing endonuclease expands the current repertoire for engineering custom specificities, both by itself as a new scaffold alone and in hybrid constructs with other related homing endonucleases or other DNA-binding protein templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Molina
- From the Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Redondo
- From the Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca López-Méndez
- the Protein Structure & Function Programme, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maider Villate
- the Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nekane Merino
- the Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- the Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia 800, 48160 Derio, Spain, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain, and
| | - Julien Valton
- CELLECTIS S. A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jesús Prieto
- From the Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain,
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- From the Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain, the Protein Structure & Function Programme, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark,
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12
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Molina R, Marcaida MJ, Redondo P, Marenchino M, Duchateau P, D'Abramo M, Montoya G, Prieto J. Engineering a Nickase on the Homing Endonuclease I-DmoI Scaffold. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18534-44. [PMID: 26045557 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing endonucleases are useful tools for genome modification because of their capability to recognize and cleave specifically large DNA targets. These endonucleases generate a DNA double strand break that can be repaired by the DNA damage response machinery. The break can be repaired by homologous recombination, an error-free mechanism, or by non-homologous end joining, a process susceptible to introducing errors in the repaired sequence. The type of DNA cleavage might alter the balance between these two alternatives. The use of "nickases" producing a specific single strand break instead of a double strand break could be an approach to reduce the toxicity associated with non-homologous end joining by promoting the use of homologous recombination to repair the cleavage of a single DNA break. Taking advantage of the sequential DNA cleavage mechanism of I-DmoI LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease, we have developed a new variant that is able to cut preferentially the coding DNA strand, generating a nicked DNA target. Our structural and biochemical analysis shows that by decoupling the action of the catalytic residues acting on each strand we can inhibit one of them while keeping the other functional.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Marenchino
- NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), c/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marco D'Abramo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy, and
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- From the Macromolecular Crystallography Group and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Structure and Function Program, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesús Prieto
- From the Macromolecular Crystallography Group and
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13
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Yang Z, Steentoft C, Hauge C, Hansen L, Thomsen AL, Niola F, Vester-Christensen MB, Frödin M, Clausen H, Wandall HH, Bennett EP. Fast and sensitive detection of indels induced by precise gene targeting. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:e59. [PMID: 25753669 PMCID: PMC4482057 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclease-based gene editing tools are rapidly transforming capabilities for altering the genome of cells and organisms with great precision and in high throughput studies. A major limitation in application of precise gene editing lies in lack of sensitive and fast methods to detect and characterize the induced DNA changes. Precise gene editing induces double-stranded DNA breaks that are repaired by error-prone non-homologous end joining leading to introduction of insertions and deletions (indels) at the target site. These indels are often small and difficult and laborious to detect by traditional methods. Here we present a method for fast, sensitive and simple indel detection that accurately defines indel sizes down to ±1 bp. The method coined IDAA for Indel Detection by Amplicon Analysis is based on tri-primer amplicon labelling and DNA capillary electrophoresis detection, and IDAA is amenable for high throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Catharina Steentoft
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Camilla Hauge
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Allan Lind Thomsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Francesco Niola
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Malene B Vester-Christensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Morten Frödin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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14
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Molina R, Stella S, Redondo P, Gomez H, Marcaida MJ, Orozco M, Prieto J, Montoya G. Visualizing phosphodiester-bond hydrolysis by an endonuclease. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 22:65-72. [PMID: 25486305 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA phosphodiester bonds has been widely studied, but the chemical reaction has not yet been observed. Here we follow the generation of a DNA double-strand break (DSB) by the Desulfurococcus mobilis homing endonuclease I-DmoI, trapping sequential stages of a two-metal-ion cleavage mechanism. We captured intermediates of the different catalytic steps, and this allowed us to watch the reaction by 'freezing' multiple states. We observed the successive entry of two metals involved in the reaction and the arrival of a third cation in a central position of the active site. This third metal ion has a crucial role, triggering the consecutive hydrolysis of the targeted phosphodiester bonds in the DNA strands and leaving its position once the DSB is generated. The multiple structures show the orchestrated conformational changes in the protein residues, nucleotides and metals during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Molina
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefano Stella
- 1] Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. [2] Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pilar Redondo
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hansel Gomez
- Joint Barcelona Computing Center (BSC)-Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)-Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Marcaida
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Modesto Orozco
- 1] Joint Barcelona Computing Center (BSC)-Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)-Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain. [2] Departament de Bioquimica, Facultat de Biologia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- 1] Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. [2] Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Thyme SB, Song Y, Brunette TJ, Szeto MD, Kusak L, Bradley P, Baker D. Massively parallel determination and modeling of endonuclease substrate specificity. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13839-52. [PMID: 25389263 PMCID: PMC4267613 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the identification and characterization of novel homing endonucleases using genome database mining to identify putative target sites, followed by high throughput activity screening in a bacterial selection system. We characterized the substrate specificity and kinetics of these endonucleases by monitoring DNA cleavage events with deep sequencing. The endonuclease specificities revealed by these experiments can be partially recapitulated using 3D structure-based computational models. Analysis of these models together with genome sequence data provide insights into how alternative endonuclease specificities were generated during natural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer B Thyme
- Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yifan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - T J Brunette
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mindy D Szeto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lara Kusak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Philip Bradley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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16
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Villate M, Merino N, Blanco FJ. Production of meganucleases by cell-free protein synthesis for functional and structural studies. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 85:246-9. [PMID: 22917812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Meganucleases are highly specific endonucleases that recognize and cleave long DNA sequences, making them powerful tools for gene targeting. We describe the production of active recombinant meganucleases suitable for functional and structural studies using a batch-based cell-free protein synthesis method. Isotopic labeling of the I-CreI meganuclease is demonstrated opening the way for structural and ligand binding studies in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)(2) which was previously hampered by the problems associated with the toxicity of the enzyme for Escherichia coli limiting its growth. The method can be adapted for the synthesis of soluble engineered variants that are produced as inclusion bodies in bacterial cells, thus facilitating their purification as soluble proteins instead of using denaturing-refolding protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Villate
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
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17
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Molina R, Redondo P, Stella S, Marenchino M, D’Abramo M, Gervasio FL, Charles Epinat J, Valton J, Grizot S, Duchateau P, Prieto J, Montoya G. Non-specific protein-DNA interactions control I-CreI target binding and cleavage. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:6936-45. [PMID: 22495931 PMCID: PMC3413129 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing endonucleases represent protein scaffolds that provide powerful tools for genome manipulation, as these enzymes possess a very low frequency of DNA cleavage in eukaryotic genomes due to their high specificity. The basis of protein–DNA recognition must be understood to generate tailored enzymes that target the DNA at sites of interest. Protein–DNA interaction engineering of homing endonucleases has demonstrated the potential of these approaches to create new specific instruments to target genes for inactivation or repair. Protein–DNA interface studies have been focused mostly on specific contacts between amino acid side chains and bases to redesign the binding interface. However, it has been shown that 4 bp in the central DNA sequence of the 22-bp substrate of a homing endonuclease (I-CreI), which do not show specific protein–DNA interactions, is not devoid of content information. Here, we analyze the mechanism of target discrimination in this substrate region by the I-CreI protein, determining how it can occur independently of the specific protein–DNA interactions. Our data suggest the important role of indirect readout in this substrate region, opening the possibility for a fully rational search of new target sequences, thus improving the development of redesigned enzymes for therapeutic and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Molina
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pilar Redondo
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Stella
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marco Marenchino
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marco D’Abramo
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Francesco Luigi Gervasio
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean Charles Epinat
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Julien Valton
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Silvestre Grizot
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Phillipe Duchateau
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34 91 2246900; Fax: +34 91 2246976;
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), NMR Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Computational Biophysics Group, c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain and CELLECTIS S.A., 8 rue de la croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34 91 2246900; Fax: +34 91 2246976;
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Prieto
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fdez Almagro, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Towards artificial metallonucleases for gene therapy: recent advances and new perspectives. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:1935-66. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of DNA targeting or repair of mutated genes within the cell, induced by specifically positioned double-strand cleavage of DNA near the mutated sequence, can be applied for gene therapy of monogenic diseases. For this purpose, highly specific artificial metallonucleases are developed. They are expected to be important future tools of modern genetics. The present state of art and strategies of research are summarized, including protein engineering and artificial ‘chemical’ nucleases. From the results, we learn about the basic role of the metal ions and the various ligands, and about the DNA binding and cleavage mechanism. The results collected provide useful guidance for engineering highly controlled enzymes for use in gene therapy.
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20
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Kettlun C, Galvan DL, George AL, Kaja A, Wilson MH. Manipulating piggyBac transposon chromosomal integration site selection in human cells. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1636-44. [PMID: 21730970 PMCID: PMC3182353 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to direct gene delivery to a user-defined chromosomal location would greatly improve gene transfer applications. The piggyBac transposon system is a nonviral gene transfer system proven effective in a variety of cells and tissues, including human cells. We fused a highly site-specific synthetic zinc-finger DNA-binding domain (ZFP) to the N-terminus of the piggyBac transposase and evaluated site-directed genomic integration in human cells. Chimeric ZFP-piggyBac transposase exhibited robust gene transfer activity, targeted binding to a cognate endogenous chromosomal ZFP site in the human genome, and site-directed transposon integration into an episomal plasmid target containing a single ZFP site in human cells. We evaluated the ability of ZFP-piggyBac to direct gene integration into an engineered chromosomal ZFP target site in the human genome and consistently observed a higher degree of ZFP-piggyBac site-directed genomic integration when compared to native piggyBac. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments revealed binding of native piggyBac to our engineered TTAA-containing chromosomal target which supported integration, but not a TTAA-deficient chromosomal target which lacked integration. Our results offer insight into the requirements for using a chimeric zinc finger-piggyBac transposase to direct integration into a user-defined chromosomal location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kettlun
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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21
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Grizot S, Duclert A, Thomas S, Duchateau P, Pâques F. Context dependence between subdomains in the DNA binding interface of the I-CreI homing endonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:6124-36. [PMID: 21482539 PMCID: PMC3152339 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Homing endonucleases (HE) have emerged as precise tools for achieving gene targeting events. Redesigned HEs with tailored specificities can be used to cleave new sequences, thereby considerably expanding the number of targetable genes and loci. With HEs, as well as with other protein scaffolds, context dependence of DNA/protein interaction patterns remains one of the major limitations for rational engineering of new DNA binders. Previous studies have shown strong crosstalk between different residues and regions of the DNA binding interface. To investigate this phenomenon, we systematically combined mutations from three groups of amino acids in the DNA binding regions of the I-CreI HE. Our results confirm that important crosstalk occurs throughout this interface in I-CreI. Detailed analysis of success rates identified a nearest-neighbour effect, with a more pronounced level of dependence between adjacent regions. Taken together, these data suggest that combinatorial engineering does not necessarily require the identification of separable functional or structural regions, and that groups of amino acids provide acceptable building blocks that can be assembled, overcoming the context dependency of the DNA binding interface. Furthermore, the present work describes a sequential method to engineer tailored HEs, wherein three contiguous regions are individually mutated and assembled to create HEs with engineered specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvestre Grizot
- CELLECTIS SA, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93235 Romainville, France
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22
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23
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Silva G, Poirot L, Galetto R, Smith J, Montoya G, Duchateau P, Pâques F. Meganucleases and other tools for targeted genome engineering: perspectives and challenges for gene therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2011; 11:11-27. [PMID: 21182466 PMCID: PMC3267165 DOI: 10.2174/156652311794520111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The importance of safer approaches for gene therapy has been underscored by a series of severe adverse events (SAEs) observed in patients involved in clinical trials for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Disease (SCID) and Chromic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). While a new generation of viral vectors is in the process of replacing the classical gamma-retrovirus-based approach, a number of strategies have emerged based on non-viral vectorization and/or targeted insertion aimed at achieving safer gene transfer. Currently, these methods display lower efficacies than viral transduction although many of them can yield more than 1% of engineered cells in vitro. Nuclease-based approaches, wherein an endonuclease is used to trigger site-specific genome editing, can significantly increase the percentage of targeted cells. These methods therefore provide a real alternative to classical gene transfer as well as gene editing. However, the first endonuclease to be in clinic today is not used for gene transfer, but to inactivate a gene (CCR5) required for HIV infection. Here, we review these alternative approaches, with a special emphasis on meganucleases, a family of naturally occurring rare-cutting endonucleases, and speculate on their current and future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Silva
- Cellectis, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93 235 Romainville, Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Poirot
- Cellectis Genome Surgery, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93 235 Romainville, Cedex, France
| | - Roman Galetto
- Cellectis Genome Surgery, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93 235 Romainville, Cedex, France
| | - Julianne Smith
- Cellectis Genome Surgery, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93 235 Romainville, Cedex, France
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Frédéric Pâques
- Cellectis Genome Surgery, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93 235 Romainville, Cedex, France
- Cellectis, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93 235 Romainville, Cedex, France
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24
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25
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Arnould S, Delenda C, Grizot S, Desseaux C, Pâques F, Silva GH, Smith J. The I-CreI meganuclease and its engineered derivatives: applications from cell modification to gene therapy. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 24:27-31. [PMID: 21047873 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzq083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Meganucleases (MNs) are highly specific enzymes that can induce homologous recombination in different types of cells, including mammalian cells. Consequently, these enzymes are used as scaffolds for the development of custom gene-targeting tools for gene therapy or cell-line development. Over the past 15 years, the high resolution X-ray structures of several MNs from the LAGLIDADG family have improved our understanding of their protein-DNA interaction and mechanism of DNA cleavage. By developing and utilizing high-throughput screening methods to test a large number of variant-target combinations, we have been able to re-engineer scores of I-CreI derivatives into custom enzymes that target a specific DNA sequence of interest. Such customized MNs, along with wild-type ones, have allowed for exploring a large range of biotechnological applications, including protein-expression cell-line development, genetically modified plants and animals and therapeutic applications such as targeted gene therapy as well as a novel class of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arnould
- Cellectis Genome Surgery, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93 235 Romainville Cedex, France.
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26
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Alibés A, Nadra AD, De Masi F, Bulyk ML, Serrano L, Stricher F. Using protein design algorithms to understand the molecular basis of disease caused by protein-DNA interactions: the Pax6 example. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:7422-31. [PMID: 20685816 PMCID: PMC2995082 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quite often a single or a combination of protein mutations is linked to specific diseases. However, distinguishing from sequence information which mutations have real effects in the protein’s function is not trivial. Protein design tools are commonly used to explain mutations that affect protein stability, or protein–protein interaction, but not for mutations that could affect protein–DNA binding. Here, we used the protein design algorithm FoldX to model all known missense mutations in the paired box domain of Pax6, a highly conserved transcription factor involved in eye development and in several diseases such as aniridia. The validity of FoldX to deal with protein–DNA interactions was demonstrated by showing that high levels of accuracy can be achieved for mutations affecting these interactions. Also we showed that protein-design algorithms can accurately reproduce experimental DNA-binding logos. We conclude that 88% of the Pax6 mutations can be linked to changes in intrinsic stability (77%) and/or to its capabilities to bind DNA (30%). Our study emphasizes the importance of structure-based analysis to understand the molecular basis of diseases and shows that protein–DNA interactions can be analyzed to the same level of accuracy as protein stability, or protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Alibés
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Center for Genomic Regulation, UPF, Barcelona, Spain.
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Grizot S, Epinat JC, Thomas S, Duclert A, Rolland S, Pâques F, Duchateau P. Generation of redesigned homing endonucleases comprising DNA-binding domains derived from two different scaffolds. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:2006-18. [PMID: 20026587 PMCID: PMC2847234 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing endonucleases have become valuable tools for genome engineering. Their sequence recognition repertoires can be expanded by modifying their specificities or by creating chimeric proteins through domain swapping between two subdomains of different homing endonucleases. Here, we show that these two approaches can be combined to create engineered meganucleases with new specificities. We demonstrate the modularity of the chimeric DmoCre meganuclease previously described, by successfully assembling mutants with locally altered specificities affecting both I-DmoI and I-CreI subdomains in order to create active meganucleases with altered specificities. Moreover these new engineered DmoCre variants appear highly specific and present a low toxicity level, similar to I-SceI, and can induce efficient homologous recombination events in mammalian cells. The DmoCre based meganucleases can therefore offer new possibilities for various genome engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Duchateau
- Cellectis SA, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France
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Marcaida MJ, Muñoz IG, Blanco FJ, Prieto J, Montoya G. Homing endonucleases: from basics to therapeutic applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:727-48. [PMID: 19915993 PMCID: PMC11115532 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Homing endonucleases (HE) are double-stranded DNAses that target large recognition sites (12-40 bp). HE-encoding sequences are usually embedded in either introns or inteins. Their recognition sites are extremely rare, with none or only a few of these sites present in a mammalian-sized genome. However, these enzymes, unlike standard restriction endonucleases, tolerate some sequence degeneracy within their recognition sequence. Several members of this enzyme family have been used as templates to engineer tools to cleave DNA sequences that differ from their original wild-type targets. These custom HEs can be used to stimulate double-strand break homologous recombination in cells, to induce the repair of defective genes with very low toxicity levels. The use of tailored HEs opens up new possibilities for gene therapy in patients with monogenic diseases that can be treated ex vivo. This review provides an overview of recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Marcaida
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés G. Muñoz
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Ikerbasque Professor Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Vizcaya, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), c/Melchor Fdez. Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Structure-based DNA-binding prediction is a powerful tool to infer protein-binding sites and design new specificities. It can limit experiments in scope and help focus them toward candidates with higher chances of success. The zinc finger domain is an excellent scaffold for design due to its small and robust fold and relatively simple interaction pattern. It presents some degree of modularity, and modeling can be used to guide experiments and help increase zinc finger module libraries. In this chapter we present a fast and simple but still powerful method for predicting and designing DNA-binding specificities applied to C(2)H(2) zinc finger proteins, based on FoldX, a semiautomatic protein design tool. Given a template structure, this method generates candidate mutants for a given target DNA sequence selected by energetic criteria.
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Galetto R, Duchateau P, Pâques F. Targeted approaches for gene therapy and the emergence of engineered meganucleases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:1289-303. [PMID: 19689185 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903213669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of significant advances in gene transfer strategies in the field of gene therapy, there is a strong emphasis on the development of alternative methods, providing better control of transgene expression and insertion patterns. OBJECTIVE Several new approaches consist of targeting a desired transgene or gene modification in a well defined locus, and we collectively refer to them as 'targeted approaches'. The use of redesigned meganucleases is one of these emerging technologies. Here we try to define the potential of this method, in the larger scope of targeted strategies. METHODS We survey the different types of targeted strategies, presenting the achievements and the potential applications, with a special emphasis on the use of redesigned endonucleases. CONCLUSION redesigned endonucleases represent one of the most promising tools for targeted approaches, and the opening of a clinical trial for AIDS patients has recently shown the maturity of these strategies. However, there is still a 'quest' for the best reagents, that is the endonucleases providing the best efficacy:toxicity ratio. New advances in protein design have allowed the engineering of new scaffolds, such as meganucleases, and the landscape of existing methods is likely to change over the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Galetto
- Cellectis Genome Surgery, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93 340 Romainville Cedex, France
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Grizot S, Smith J, Daboussi F, Prieto J, Redondo P, Merino N, Villate M, Thomas S, Lemaire L, Montoya G, Blanco FJ, Pâques F, Duchateau P. Efficient targeting of a SCID gene by an engineered single-chain homing endonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:5405-19. [PMID: 19584299 PMCID: PMC2760784 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific endonucleases recognizing long target sequences are emerging as powerful tools for genome engineering. These endonucleases could be used to correct deleterious mutations or to inactivate viruses, in a new approach to molecular medicine. However, such applications are highly demanding in terms of safety. Mutations in the human RAG1 gene cause severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Using the I-CreI dimeric LAGLIDADG meganuclease as a scaffold, we describe here the engineering of a series of endonucleases cleaving the human RAG1 gene, including obligate heterodimers and single-chain molecules. We show that a novel single-chain design, in which two different monomers are linked to form a single molecule, can induce high levels of recombination while safeguarding more effectively against potential genotoxicity. We provide here the first demonstration that an engineered meganuclease can induce targeted recombination at an endogenous locus in up to 6% of transfected human cells. These properties rank this new generation of endonucleases among the best molecular scissors available for genome surgery strategies, potentially avoiding the deleterious effects of previous gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvestre Grizot
- Cellectis SA, Cellectis Genome Surgery, 93235 Romainville, France
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32
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Havranek JJ, Baker D. Motif-directed flexible backbone design of functional interactions. Protein Sci 2009; 18:1293-305. [PMID: 19472357 PMCID: PMC2774439 DOI: 10.1002/pro.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Computational protein design relies on a number of approximations to efficiently search the huge sequence space available to proteins. The fixed backbone and rotamer approximations in particular are important for formulating protein design as a discrete combinatorial optimization problem. However, the resulting coarse-grained sampling of possible side-chain terminal positions is problematic for the design of protein function, which depends on precise positioning of side-chain atoms. Although backbone flexibility can greatly increase the conformation freedom of side-chain functional groups, it is not obvious which backbone movements will generate the critical constellation of atoms responsible for protein function. Here, we report an automated method for identifying protein backbone movements that can give rise to any specified set of desired side-chain atomic placements and interactions, using protein-DNA interfaces as a model system. We use a library of previously observed protein-DNA interactions (motifs) and a rotamer-based description of side-chain conformation freedom to identify placements for the protein backbone that can give rise to a favorable side-chain interaction with DNA. We describe a tree-search algorithm for identifying those combinations of interactions from the library that can be realized with minimal perturbation of the protein backbone. We compare the efficiency of this method with the alternative approach of building and screening alternate backbone conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Havranek
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattle, Washington 98195
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattle, Washington 98195
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