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Chen GL, Li J, Zhang J, Zeng B. To Be or Not to Be an Ion Channel: Cryo-EM Structures Have a Say. Cells 2023; 12:1870. [PMID: 37508534 PMCID: PMC10378246 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are the second largest class of drug targets after G protein-coupled receptors. In addition to well-recognized ones like voltage-gated Na/K/Ca channels in the heart and neurons, novel ion channels are continuously discovered in both excitable and non-excitable cells and demonstrated to play important roles in many physiological processes and diseases such as developmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. However, in the field of ion channel discovery, there are an unignorable number of published studies that are unsolid and misleading. Despite being the gold standard of a functional assay for ion channels, electrophysiological recordings are often accompanied by electrical noise, leak conductance, and background currents of the membrane system. These unwanted signals, if not treated properly, lead to the mischaracterization of proteins with seemingly unusual ion-conducting properties. In the recent ten years, the technical revolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has greatly advanced our understanding of the structures and gating mechanisms of various ion channels and also raised concerns about the pore-forming ability of some previously identified channel proteins. In this review, we summarize cryo-EM findings on ion channels with molecular identities recognized or disputed in recent ten years and discuss current knowledge of proposed channel proteins awaiting cryo-EM analyses. We also present a classification of ion channels according to their architectures and evolutionary relationships and discuss the possibility and strategy of identifying more ion channels by analyzing structures of transmembrane proteins of unknown function. We propose that cross-validation by electrophysiological and structural analyses should be essentially required for determining molecular identities of novel ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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2
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Zhao S, Feng H, Jiang D, Yang K, Wang ST, Zhang YX, Wang Y, Liu H, Guo C, Tang TS. ER Ca 2+ overload activates the IRE1α signaling and promotes cell survival. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:123. [PMID: 37400935 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining homeostasis of Ca2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for proper Ca2+ signaling and key cellular functions. Although Ca2+ depletion has been known to cause ER stress which in turn activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), how UPR sensors/transducers respond to excess Ca2+ when ER stores are overloaded remain largely unclear. RESULTS Here, we report for the first time that overloading of ER Ca2+ can directly sensitize the IRE1α-XBP1 axis. The overloaded ER Ca2+ in TMCO1-deficient cells can cause BiP dissociation from IRE1α, promote the dimerization and stability of the IRE1α protein, and boost IRE1α activation. Intriguingly, attenuation of the over-activated IRE1α-XBP1s signaling by a IRE1α inhibitor can cause a significant cell death in TMCO1-deficient cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data establish a causal link between excess Ca2+ in ER stores and the selective activation of IRE1α-XBP1 axis, underscoring an unexpected role of overload of ER Ca2+ in IRE1α activation and in preventing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongfang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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Abdelrazek IM, Holling T, Harms FL, Alawi M, Omar T, Abdalla E, Kutsche K. Craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and impaired intellectual development syndrome-1 in two new patients with the same homozygous TMCO1 variant and review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104715. [PMID: 36708876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and impaired intellectual development syndrome-1 (CFSMR1; OMIM#213980) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the clinical triad of developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, a typical facial gestalt with brachycephaly, highly-arched bushy eyebrows, synophrys, hypertelorism, wide nasal bridge, and short nose, as well as multiple vertebrae and rib malformations, such as bifid and fused ribs and abnormal vertebral segmentation and fusion. Biallelic loss-of-function variants in TMCO1 cause CFSMR1. We report on two unrelated Egyptian patients with a phenotype suggestive of CFSMR. Single whole-exome sequencing in patient 1 and Sanger sequencing of TMCO1 in patient 2 revealed the same homozygous TMCO1 nonsense variant c.187C > T/p.(Arg63*) in both affected individuals; patients' healthy parents were heterozygous carriers of the variant. Congenital hearing loss in patients 1 and 2 is an occasional finding in individuals affected by CFSMR. Camptodactyly and syndactyly, which were noted in patient 2, have not or rarely been reported in CFSMR. Review of the literature revealed a total of 30 individuals with the clinically recognizable and unique phenotype of CFSMR1, including the patients reported here, who all carried biallelic TMCO1 variants. Six different TMCO1 variants have been reported in the 30 patients from 14 families, comprising three nonsense, two 2-bp deletions, and a splice donor site variant. All disease-associated TMCO1 variants likely represent null alleles resulting in absence of the encoded protein. TMCO1 has been proposed to act as a Ca2+ channel, while other data revealed TMCO1 as a mitochondrial protein and a component of the translocon at the endoplasmic reticulum, a cellular machinery important for the biogenesis of multi-pass membrane proteins. RAB5IF/C20orf24 has recently been identified as causative gene for craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and impaired intellectual development syndrome-2 (CFSMR2; OMIM#616994). Heterodimerization of RAB5IF/C20orf24 and TMCO1 and their interdependence may suggest a pathophysiological role of ER-mitochondria interaction underlying CFSMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Abdelrazek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tess Holling
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tarek Omar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam Abdalla
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Genetics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Substrate-driven assembly of a translocon for multipass membrane proteins. Nature 2022; 611:167-172. [PMID: 36261522 PMCID: PMC9630114 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most membrane proteins are synthesized on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound ribosomes docked at the translocon, a heterogeneous ensemble of transmembrane factors operating on the nascent chain1,2. How the translocon coordinates the actions of these factors to accommodate its different substrates is not well understood. Here we define the composition, function and assembly of a translocon specialized for multipass membrane protein biogenesis3. This ‘multipass translocon’ is distinguished by three components that selectively bind the ribosome–Sec61 complex during multipass protein synthesis: the GET- and EMC-like (GEL), protein associated with translocon (PAT) and back of Sec61 (BOS) complexes. Analysis of insertion intermediates reveals how features of the nascent chain trigger multipass translocon assembly. Reconstitution studies demonstrate a role for multipass translocon components in protein topogenesis, and cells lacking these components show reduced multipass protein stability. These results establish the mechanism by which nascent multipass proteins selectively recruit the multipass translocon to facilitate their biogenesis. More broadly, they define the ER translocon as a dynamic assembly whose subunit composition adjusts co-translationally to accommodate the biosynthetic needs of its diverse range of substrates. Biochemical reconstitution and functional analysis reveal how newly synthesized multipass membrane proteins dynamically remodel the translocon to facilitate their successful biogenesis.
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5
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Thomas Q, Motta M, Gautier T, Zaki MS, Ciolfi A, Paccaud J, Girodon F, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Besnard T, Kerkhof J, McConkey H, Masson A, Denommé-Pichon AS, Cogné B, Trochu E, Vignard V, El It F, Rodan LH, Alkhateeb MA, Jamra RA, Duplomb L, Tisserant E, Duffourd Y, Bruel AL, Jackson A, Banka S, McEntagart M, Saggar A, Gleeson JG, Sievert D, Bae H, Lee BH, Kwon K, Seo GH, Lee H, Saeed A, Anjum N, Cheema H, Alawbathani S, Khan I, Pinto-Basto J, Teoh J, Wong J, Sahari UBM, Houlden H, Zhelcheska K, Pannetier M, Awad MA, Lesieur-Sebellin M, Barcia G, Amiel J, Delanne J, Philippe C, Faivre L, Odent S, Bertoli-Avella A, Thauvin C, Sadikovic B, Reversade B, Maroofian R, Govin J, Tartaglia M, Vitobello A. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in TMEM147 cause moderate to profound intellectual disability with facial dysmorphism and pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1909-1922. [PMID: 36044892 PMCID: PMC9606387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein TMEM147 has a dual function: first at the nuclear envelope, where it anchors lamin B receptor (LBR) to the inner membrane, and second at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it facilitates the translation of nascent polypeptides within the ribosome-bound TMCO1 translocon complex. Through international data sharing, we identified 23 individuals from 15 unrelated families with bi-allelic TMEM147 loss-of-function variants, including splice-site, nonsense, frameshift, and missense variants. These affected children displayed congruent clinical features including coarse facies, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems. In silico structural analyses predicted disruptive consequences of the identified amino acid substitutions on translocon complex assembly and/or function, and in vitro analyses documented accelerated protein degradation via the autophagy-lysosomal-mediated pathway. Furthermore, TMEM147-deficient cells showed CKAP4 (CLIMP-63) and RTN4 (NOGO) upregulation with a concomitant reorientation of the ER, which was also witnessed in primary fibroblast cell culture. LBR mislocalization and nuclear segmentation was observed in primary fibroblast cells. Abnormal nuclear segmentation and chromatin compaction were also observed in approximately 20% of neutrophils, indicating the presence of a pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly. Finally, co-expression analysis revealed significant correlation with neurodevelopmental genes in the brain, further supporting a role of TMEM147 in neurodevelopment. Our findings provide clinical, genetic, and functional evidence that bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in TMEM147 cause syndromic intellectual disability due to ER-translocon and nuclear organization dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Thomas
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Marialetizia Motta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Thierry Gautier
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Julien Paccaud
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - François Girodon
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Biology Division, Department of Biological Hematology, Dijon Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, Inserm, 75019 Paris, France; Service de Neuropédiatrie, reference center for leukodystrophies, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Haley McConkey
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Aymeric Masson
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Eva Trochu
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Vignard
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fatima El It
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lance H Rodan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emilie Tisserant
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Adam Jackson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- Medical Genetics, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Anand Saggar
- Medical Genetics, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT, London SW17 0RE, UK; The Portland Hospital, 205-209 Great Portland St, London W1W 5AH, UK
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Sievert
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hane Lee
- 3billion, Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anjum Saeed
- Children's Hospital and University of Child Health Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Anjum
- Children's Hospital and University of Child Health Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Cheema
- Children's Hospital and University of Child Health Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Joyce Teoh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Wong
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Umar Bin Mohamad Sahari
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Kristina Zhelcheska
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Melanie Pannetier
- Service d'Hématologie cellulaire et hémostase bioclinique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Mona A Awad
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marion Lesieur-Sebellin
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julian Delanne
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence Anomalies du Développement CLAD Ouest, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France; Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS Inserm UMR 6290, ERL 1305, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christel Thauvin
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre de référence maladies rares « déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics & Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore; Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey; Smart-Health Initiative, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Jérôme Govin
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
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C20orf24: A potential novel gene responsible for Cerebrofaciothoracic Dysplasia. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104621. [PMID: 36150687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Molloy B, Jones ER, Linhares ND, Buckley PG, Leahy TR, Lynch B, Knerr I, King MD, Gorman KM. Uniparental disomy screen of Irish rare disorder cohort unmasks homozygous variants of clinical significance in the TMCO1 and PRKRA genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:945296. [PMID: 36186440 PMCID: PMC9515794 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.945296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A uniparental disomy (UPD) screen using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from 164 trios with rare disorders in the Irish population was performed to identify large runs of homozygosity of uniparental origin that may harbour deleterious recessive variants. Three instances of whole chromosome uniparental isodisomy (UPiD) were identified: one case of maternal isodisomy of chromosome 1 and two cases of paternal isodisomy of chromosome 2. We identified deleterious homozygous variants on isodisomic chromosomes in two probands: a novel p (Glu59ValfsTer20) variant in TMCO1, and a p (Pro222Leu) variant in PRKRA, respectively. The overall prevalence of whole chromosome UPiD in our cohort was 1 in 55 births, compared to 1 in ∼7,500 births in the general population, suggesting a higher frequency of UPiD in rare disease cohorts. As a distinct mechanism underlying homozygosity compared to biallelic inheritance, the identification of UPiD has important implications for family planning and cascade testing. Our study demonstrates that UPD screening may improve diagnostic yields by prioritising UPiD chromosomes during WGS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Molloy
- Genuity Science, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: B. Molloy,
| | | | | | | | - T. R. Leahy
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B. Lynch
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I. Knerr
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. D. King
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K. M. Gorman
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Yang KY, Zhao S, Feng H, Shen J, Chen Y, Wang ST, Wang SJ, Zhang YX, Wang Y, Guo C, Liu H, Tang TS. Ca 2+ homeostasis maintained by TMCO1 underlies corpus callosum development via ERK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:674. [PMID: 35927240 PMCID: PMC9352667 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane of coiled-coil domains 1 (TMCO1) plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of calcium (Ca2+) stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). TMCO1-defect syndrome shares multiple features with human cerebro-facio-thoracic (CFT) dysplasia, including abnormal corpus callosum (CC). Here, we report that TMCO1 is required for the normal development of CC through sustaining Ca2+ homeostasis. Tmco1-/- mice exhibit severe agenesis of CC with stalled white matter fiber bundles failing to pass across the midline. Mechanistically, the excessive Ca2+ signals caused by TMCO1 deficiency result in upregulation of FGFs and over-activation of ERK, leading to an excess of glial cell migration and overpopulated midline glia cells in the indusium griseum which secretes Slit2 to repulse extension of the neural fiber bundles before crossing the midline. Supportingly, using the clinical MEK inhibitors to attenuate the over-activated FGF/ERK signaling can significantly improve the CC formation in Tmco1-/- brains. Our findings not only unravel the underlying mechanism of abnormal CC in TMCO1 defect syndrome, but also offer an attractive prevention strategy to relieve the related agenesis of CC in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yan Yang
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Song Zhao
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Haiping Feng
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Si-Tong Wang
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Si-Jia Wang
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yun Wang
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Caixia Guo
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101 China
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9
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Ratnayake C, Narayanan S, Gaesser J, Subramanian S. Brain and spine MRI findings in children presenting with TMCO1 mutation. BJR|CASE REPORTS 2022; 8:20210253. [DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20210253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia (CFTD) is a developmental disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism, global developmental delay, and skeletal anomalies. CTFD is the result of biallelic autosomal recessive loss of function mutations in the transmembrane and coiled-coil domains one protein (TMCO1) gene. Based on a population of 27 molecularly confirmed cases, classic brain morphologies associated with CFTD have been described in the literature. Previous studies have demonstrated only mild ventriculomegaly, corpus callosum abnormalities, frontotemporal atrophy, and three cases of associated epilepsy. We present previously undescribed brain MRI findings in two children presenting with seizures due to TMCO1 mutation. MR Imaging demonstrated hippocampal malrotation, olfactory bulb agenesis and olfactory sulcus hypoplasia in both children, pontine hypoplasia, and cochlear nerve agenesis in one child. We demonstrate that TMCO1 may play a more extensive and previously undescribed role in neurodevelopment thereby expanding the phenotype associated with CFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charith Ratnayake
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Srikala Narayanan
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jenna Gaesser
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Subramanian Subramanian
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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iASPP suppresses Gp78-mediated TMCO1 degradation to maintain Ca 2+ homeostasis and control tumor growth and drug resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2111380119. [PMID: 35121659 PMCID: PMC8832991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111380119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence has supported a central role for alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis in the development of cancer. TMCO1 protein is an identified Ca2+-channel protein, while its roles in cancer remain obscure. Here, we found that TMCO1 is increased in colon cancer tissues. In addition, it is a substrate of E3 ligase Gp78. Enhanced oncogene iASPP stabilizes TMCO1 by competitively binding with Gp78. Inhibition of iASPP-TMCO1 sensitizes cancer cells’ response to Ca2+-induced apoptosis. This study has improved our fundamental understanding of the Ca2+ homeostasis in cancer cells. iASPP-TMCO1 axis may present a promising therapeutic target that can combine the conventional drugs to reinforce Ca2+-dependent apoptosis. Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential event in the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, which is coordinated by multiple biological processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis. Deregulated Ca2+ homeostasis is linked with various cancer hallmarks; thus, uncovering the mechanisms underlying Ca2+ homeostasis dynamics may lead to new anticancer treatment strategies. Here, we demonstrate that a reported Ca2+-channel protein TMCO1 (transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1) is overexpressed in colon cancer tissues at protein levels but not at messenger RNA levels in colon cancer. Further study revealed that TMCO1 is a substrate of ER-associated degradation E3 ligase Gp78. Intriguingly, Gp78-mediated TMCO1 degradation at K186 is under the control of the iASPP (inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) oncogene. Mechanistically, iASPP robustly reduces ER Ca2+ stores, mainly by competitively binding with Gp78 and interfering with Gp78-mediated TMCO1 degradation. A positive correlation between iASPP and TMCO1 proteins is further validated in human colon tissues. Inhibition of iASPP-TMCO1 axis promotes cytosolic Ca2+ overload–induced apoptotic cell death, reducing tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, iASPP-TMCO1 represents a promising anticancer treatment target by modulating Ca2+ homeostasis.
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11
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Batchelor-Regan H, Xin B, Zhou A, Wang H. From Disease Description and Gene Discovery to Functional Cell Pathway: A Decade-Long Journey for TMCO1. Front Genet 2021; 12:652400. [PMID: 34093650 PMCID: PMC8172970 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A decade has passed since transmembrane coiled-coil domains 1 (TMCO1) defect syndrome was identified in 11 undiagnosed patients within the Old Order Amish of Northeastern Ohio—a disorder characterized by a distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies and global developmental delay. Twenty seven patients, from diverse ethnic groups, have been reported with pathogenic TMCO1 variants now recognized to cause cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia (CFTD). The implication of previously uncharacterized TMCO1 within disease has instigated a 10-year journey to understand the function of TMCO1 protein in Ca2+ homeostasis. TMCO1 is an ER Ca2+ leak channel which facilitates Ca2+ leak upon ER “overload” through the novel Ca2+ load activated Ca2+ mechanism. This mini-review brings together the clinical and scientific advances made since the discovery of TMCO1 deficiency in disease, including broadened phenotype, understanding of pathophysiology, and implications to patient management of TMCO1 defect syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Batchelor-Regan
- DDC Clinic Center for Special Needs Children, Middlefield, OH, United States.,Clinical Genetics Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Baozhong Xin
- DDC Clinic Center for Special Needs Children, Middlefield, OH, United States
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Heng Wang
- DDC Clinic Center for Special Needs Children, Middlefield, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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12
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Lemos FO, Bultynck G, Parys JB. A comprehensive overview of the complex world of the endo- and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-leak channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119020. [PMID: 33798602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inside cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms the largest Ca2+ store. Ca2+ is actively pumped by the SERCA pumps in the ER, where intraluminal Ca2+-binding proteins enable the accumulation of large amount of Ca2+. IP3 receptors and the ryanodine receptors mediate the release of Ca2+ in a controlled way, thereby evoking complex spatio-temporal signals in the cell. The steady state Ca2+ concentration in the ER of about 500 μM results from the balance between SERCA-mediated Ca2+ uptake and the passive leakage of Ca2+. The passive Ca2+ leak from the ER is often ignored, but can play an important physiological role, depending on the cellular context. Moreover, excessive Ca2+ leakage significantly lowers the amount of Ca2+ stored in the ER compared to normal conditions, thereby limiting the possibility to evoke Ca2+ signals and/or causing ER stress, leading to pathological consequences. The so-called Ca2+-leak channels responsible for Ca2+ leakage from the ER are however still not well understood, despite over 20 different proteins have been proposed to contribute to it. This review has the aim to critically evaluate the available evidence about the various channels potentially involved and to draw conclusions about their relative importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Structural and molecular mechanisms for membrane protein biogenesis by the Oxa1 superfamily. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:234-239. [PMID: 33664512 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Oxa1 superfamily perform membrane protein insertion in bacteria, the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and endosymbiotic organelles. Here, we review recent structures of the three ER-resident insertases and discuss the extent to which structure and function are conserved with their bacterial counterpart YidC.
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14
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Expression, purification and characterization of TMCO1 for structural studies. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 179:105803. [PMID: 33253810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1 (TMCO1) has a highly conserved amino acid sequence among species, indicating a critical role of TMCO1 in cell physiology. The deficiency of TMCO1 in humans is associated with cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia (CFTD), glaucoma, osteogenesis and the occurrence of cancer. TMCO1 was recently identified as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ load-activated Ca2+ (CLAC) release channel, which prevents ER Ca2+ overload and maintains calcium homeostasis in the ER. However, the structural basis of the molecular function of TMCO1 channel remains elusive. To determine the structure of TMCO1, we screened the expression of TMCO1 in Escherichia coli and insect cell expression systems. TMCO1 from Dictyostelium discoideum (DdTMCO1) was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli with a high yield. The pure recombinant protein was obtained by affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The solution NMR of DdTMCO1 in DPC micelles showed three α-helical transmembrane regions.
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15
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McGilvray PT, Anghel SA, Sundaram A, Zhong F, Trnka MJ, Fuller JR, Hu H, Burlingame AL, Keenan RJ. An ER translocon for multi-pass membrane protein biogenesis. eLife 2020; 9:e56889. [PMID: 32820719 PMCID: PMC7505659 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins with multiple transmembrane domains play critical roles in cell physiology, but little is known about the machinery coordinating their biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we describe a ~ 360 kDa ribosome-associated complex comprising the core Sec61 channel and five accessory factors: TMCO1, CCDC47 and the Nicalin-TMEM147-NOMO complex. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a large assembly at the ribosome exit tunnel organized around a central membrane cavity. Similar to protein-conducting channels that facilitate movement of transmembrane segments, cytosolic and luminal funnels in TMCO1 and TMEM147, respectively, suggest routes into the central membrane cavity. High-throughput mRNA sequencing shows selective translocon engagement with hundreds of different multi-pass membrane proteins. Consistent with a role in multi-pass membrane protein biogenesis, cells lacking different accessory components show reduced levels of one such client, the glutamate transporter EAAT1. These results identify a new human translocon and provide a molecular framework for understanding its role in multi-pass membrane protein biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T McGilvray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - S Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Arunkumar Sundaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Frank Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Michael J Trnka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - James R Fuller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Hong Hu
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Robert J Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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16
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The Genetic and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Molecular Mechanisms of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114171. [PMID: 32545285 PMCID: PMC7312987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogenous, chronic, progressive group of eye diseases, which results in irreversible loss of vision. There are several types of glaucoma, whereas the primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) constitutes the most common type of glaucoma, accounting for three-quarters of all glaucoma cases. The pathological mechanisms leading to POAG pathogenesis are multifactorial and still poorly understood, but it is commonly known that significantly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) plays a crucial role in POAG pathogenesis. Besides, genetic predisposition and aggregation of abrogated proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and subsequent activation of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-dependent unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway may also constitute important factors for POAG pathogenesis at the molecular level. Glaucoma is commonly known as a ‘silent thief of sight’, as it remains asymptomatic until later stages, and thus its diagnosis is frequently delayed. Thereby, detailed knowledge about the glaucoma pathophysiology is necessary to develop both biochemical and genetic tests to improve its early diagnosis as well as develop a novel, ground-breaking treatment strategy, as currently used medical therapies against glaucoma are limited and may evoke numerous adverse side-effects in patients.
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17
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Narrowing down the region responsible for 1q23.3q24.1 microdeletion by identifying the smallest deletion. Hum Genome Var 2019; 6:47. [PMID: 31645985 PMCID: PMC6804575 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-019-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of 1q23.3q24.1 are rare. Here, chromosomal microarray testing identified a de novo microdeletion of arr[GRCh37]1q23.3q24.1(164816055_165696996) × 1 in a patient with moderate developmental delay, hearing loss, cryptorchidism, and other distinctive features. The clinical features were common to those previously reported in patients with overlapping deletions. The patient’s deletion size was 881 kb—the smallest yet reported. This therefore narrowed down the deletion responsible for the common clinical features. The deleted region included seven genes; deletion of LMX1A, RXRG, and ALDH9A1 may have caused our patient’s neurodevelopmental delay.
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18
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Sharkia R, Zalan A, Jabareen-Masri A, Hengel H, Schöls L, Kessel A, Azem A, Mahajnah M. A novel biallelic loss-of-function mutation in TMCO1 gene confirming and expanding the phenotype spectrum of cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1338-1345. [PMID: 31102500 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The main clinical features of cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia (CFTD) syndrome, which were described over four decades ago, include facial dysmorphism, multiple malformations of the vertebrae and ribs, and intellectual disability. Recently, a TMCO1 gene mutation was shown to be responsible for an autosomal recessive CFTD syndrome characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and intellectual disability. In the current report, we describe two members of a consanguineous family from an Arab community in Israel who were clinically diagnosed as suffering from craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Both affected siblings had behavioral difficulties such as anxiety and emotional instability with impulsive behaviors. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a homozygous stop-gain mutation NM_019026.4: c.616C > T; p.(Arg206*) in exon 6 of the TMCO1 gene. Bioinformatics analysis suggested a structural model for the TMCO1 protein and its homologues. The clinical features of our patients were compared with those of the only other five studies available in the literature. We conclude that this mutation in the TMCO1 gene is responsible for the various clinical manifestations of CFTD syndrome exhibited by the patients studied that expand the phenotypic spectrum of the disease to include epilepsy as a characteristic feature of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajech Sharkia
- Unit of Human Biology and Genetics, The Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kafr Qara, Israel.,Unit of Nature Science, Beit-Berl Academic College, Beit-Berl, Israel
| | - Abdelnaser Zalan
- Unit of Human Biology and Genetics, The Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kafr Qara, Israel
| | - Azhar Jabareen-Masri
- Unit of Human Biology and Genetics, The Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kafr Qara, Israel
| | - Holger Hengel
- German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amit Kessel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Abdussalam Azem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Muhammad Mahajnah
- Child Neurology and Development Center, Hillel-Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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19
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Li J, Liu C, Li Y, Zheng Q, Xu Y, Liu B, Sun W, Li Y, Ji S, Liu M, Zhang J, Zhao D, Du R, Liu Z, Zhong G, Sun C, Wang Y, Song J, Zhang S, Qin J, Ling S, Wang X, Li Y. TMCO1-mediated Ca 2+ leak underlies osteoblast functions via CaMKII signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1589. [PMID: 30962442 PMCID: PMC6453895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1 (TMCO1) is a recently identified Ca2+ leak channel in the endoplasmic reticulum. TMCO1 dysfunction in humans is associated with dysmorphism, mental retardation, glaucoma and the occurrence of cancer. Here we show an essential role of TMCO1 in osteogenesis mediated by local Ca2+/CaMKII signaling in osteoblasts. TMCO1 levels were significantly decreased in bone from both osteoporosis patients and bone-loss mouse models. Tmco1−/− mice exhibited loss of bone mass and altered microarchitecture characteristic of osteoporosis. In the absence of TMCO1, decreased HDAC4 phosphorylation resulted in nuclear enrichment of HADC4, which leads to deacetylation and degradation of RUNX2, the master regulator of osteogenesis. We further demonstrate that TMCO1-mediated Ca2+ leak provides local Ca2+ signals to activate the CaMKII-HDAC4-RUNX2 signaling axis. The establishment of TMCO1 as a pivotal player in osteogenesis uncovers a novel potential therapeutic target for ameliorating osteoporosis. TMCO1 is a recently described endoplasmic reticular Ca2+ channel. Here, the authors show it is important for osteoblast function and bone formation in mice, and identify a novel pathway linking local increases in Ca2+ at the ER surface with the posttranslational modification of RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qiaoxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shuhui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ruikai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zizhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Cuiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
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20
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Verkuil L, Danford I, Pistilli M, Collins DW, Gudiseva HV, Trachtman BT, He J, Rathi S, Haider N, Ying GS, Chavali VRM, O'Brien JM. SNP located in an AluJb repeat downstream of TMCO1, rs4657473, is protective for POAG in African Americans. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 103:1530-1536. [PMID: 30862618 PMCID: PMC6817700 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) downstream from the TMCO1 gene with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in African Americans (AA). METHODS AA subjects were recruited for the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study from the Scheie Eye Institute and its satellite sites in Philadelphia. A region containing an AluJb repeat and seven SNPs, including rs4656461 near the TMCO1 gene, were PCR-Sanger sequenced from POAAGG cases (n=1537) and controls (n=1570). Association between POAG and SNPs near TMCO1 was investigated by logistic regression analysis. Phenotypic trait associations with these SNPs were assessed by analysis of variance. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to assess the affinity of human T-box 5 (TBX5) protein for a predicted binding motif in the TMCO1 region. Dual Luciferase assays were performed by transfecting recombinant plasmids containing the region surrounding the above SNPs in HEK293T and trabecular meshwork cells. RESULTS The SNP rs4657473 (C>T) was associated with POAG; the TT genotype was protective (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.42; p<0.001). No significant associations were found between the TMCO1 variants and phenotypic traits. EMSA confirmed the affinity of TBX5 for a predicted binding motif containing TMCO1 SNP rs4657475. Luciferase assays demonstrated a regulatory function for the genomic region around SNP rs4656561, located within AluJb repeat. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that a SNP downstream of TMCO1, rs4657473, is associated with POAG in an AA population. Our studies suggest a regulatory role for the previously POAG-associated locus near the TMCO1 gene that may affect gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Verkuil
- Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Danford
- Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maxwell Pistilli
- Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David W Collins
- Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Harini V Gudiseva
- Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ben T Trachtman
- Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie He
- Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sonika Rathi
- Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Naqi Haider
- Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Anghel SA, McGilvray PT, Hegde RS, Keenan RJ. Identification of Oxa1 Homologs Operating in the Eukaryotic Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cell Rep 2019; 21:3708-3716. [PMID: 29281821 PMCID: PMC5868721 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the evolutionarily conserved Oxa1/Alb3/YidC family mediate membrane protein biogenesis at the mitochondrial inner membrane, chloroplast thylakoid membrane, and bacterial plasma membrane, respectively. Despite their broad phylogenetic distribution, no Oxa1/Alb3/YidC homologs are known to operate in eukaryotic cells outside the endosymbiotic organelles. Here, we present bioinformatic evidence that the tail-anchored protein insertion factor WRB/Get1, the “endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane complex” subunit EMC3, and TMCO1 are ER-resident homologs of the Oxa1/Alb3/YidC family. Topology mapping and co-evolution-based modeling demonstrate that Get1, EMC3, and TMCO1 share a conserved Oxa1-like architecture. Biochemical analysis of human TMCO1, the only homolog not previously linked to membrane protein biogenesis, shows that it associates with the Sec translocon and ribosomes. These findings suggest a specific biochemical function for TMCO1 and define a superfamily of proteins—the “Oxa1 superfamily”—whose shared function is to facilitate membrane protein biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program , The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Philip T McGilvray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ramanujan S Hegde
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Robert J Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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22
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Michael Yates T, Ng OH, Offiah AC, Willoughby J, Berg JN, Johnson DS. Cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia: Four new patients with a recurrent TMCO1 pathogenic variant. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:43-49. [PMID: 30556256 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.60678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic loss of function variants in the TMCO1 gene have been previously demonstrated to result in cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia (CFTD; MIM #213980). The phenotype of this condition includes severe intellectual disability, as well as distinctive craniofacial features, including brachycephaly, synophrys, arched eyebrows, "cupid's bow" upper lip, and microdontia. In addition, nonspecific skeletal anomalies are common, including bifid ribs, scoliosis, and spinal fusion. Only 19 molecularly confirmed patients have been previously described. Here, we present four patients with CFTD, including three brothers from a Pakistani background and an additional unrelated white Scottish patient. All share the characteristic craniofacial appearance, with severe intellectual disability and skeletal abnormalities. We further define the phenotype with comparison to the published literature, and present images to define the dysmorphic features in a previously unreported ethnic group. All of our patient series are homozygous for the same c.292_293del (p.Ser98*) TMCO1 pathogenic variant, which has been previously reported only in an isolated Amish population. Thus we provide evidence that CFTD may be more common than previously thought. The patients presented here further delineate the phenotypic spectrum of CFTD and provide evidence for a recurrent pathogenic variant in TMCO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabo Michael Yates
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Oon-Hui Ng
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Radiology Department, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Josh Willoughby
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Berg
- Dundee Clinical Genetics Service, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
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- DDD Study, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Diana S Johnson
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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23
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Tender JAF, Ferreira CR. Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia (Pascual-Castroviejo syndrome): Identification of a novel mutation, use of facial recognition analysis, and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:37-43. [PMID: 29682451 PMCID: PMC5904567 DOI: 10.3233/trd-180022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia (CFTD) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, cognitive impairment and distinct skeletal anomalies and has been linked to the TMCO1 defect syndrome. OBJECTIVE To describe two siblings with features consistent with CFTD with a novel homozygous p.Arg114* pathogenic variant in the TMCO1 gene. METHODS We conducted a literature review and summarized the clinical features and laboratory results of two siblings with a novel pathogenic variant in the TMCO1 gene. Facial recognition analysis was utilized to assess the specificity of facial traits. CONCLUSION The novel homozygous p.Arg114* pathogenic variant in the TMCO1 gene is responsible for the clinical features of CFTD in two siblings. Facial recognition analysis allows unambiguous distinction of this syndrome against controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A F Tender
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children'sNational Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children'sNational Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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24
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TMCO1 is essential for ovarian follicle development by regulating ER Ca 2+ store of granulosa cells. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1686-1701. [PMID: 29467381 PMCID: PMC6143536 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TMCO1 (transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein that actively prevents Ca2+ stores from overfilling. To characterize its physiological function(s), we generated Tmco1−/− knockout (KO) mice. In addition to the main clinical features of human cerebrofaciothoracic (CFT) dysplasia spectrum, Tmco1−/− females manifest gradual loss of ovarian follicles, impaired ovarian follicle development, and subfertility with a phenotype analogous to the premature ovarian failure (POF) in women. In line with the role of TMCO1 as a Ca2+ load-activated Ca2+ channel, we have detected a supernormal Ca2+ signaling in Tmco1−/− granulosa cells (GCs). Interestingly, although spontaneous Ca2+ oscillation pattern was altered, ER Ca2+ stores of germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes and metaphase II (MII) arrested eggs were normal upon Tmco1 ablation. Combined with RNA-sequencing analysis, we also detected increased ER stress-mediated apoptosis and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in Tmco1−/− GCs, indicating the dysfunctions of GCs upon TMCO1 deficiency. Taken together, these results reveal that TMCO1 is essential for ovarian follicle development and female fertility by maintaining ER Ca2+ homeostasis of GCs, disruption of which causes ER stress-mediated apoptosis and increased cellular ROS level in GCs and thus leads to impaired ovarian follicle development.
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25
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A Multi-Locus Genetic Risk Score for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) Variants Is Associated with POAG Risk in a Mediterranean Population: Inverse Correlations with Plasma Vitamin C and E Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112302. [PMID: 29104244 PMCID: PMC5713272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The genetics of POAG are complex, and population-specific effects have been reported. Although many polymorphisms associated with POAG risk have been reported, few studies have analyzed their additive effects. We investigated, in a southern European Mediterranean population, the association between relevant POAG polymorphisms, identified by initial genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and POAG risk, both separately and as an aggregated multi-locus genetic risk score (GRS). Also, bearing in mind that oxidative stress is a factor increasingly recognized in the pathogenesis of POAG, we analyzed the potential association of the GRS with plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (C and E). We carried out a case–control study including 391 POAG cases and 383 healthy controls, and analyzed four genetic polymorphisms (rs4656461-TMCO1, rs4236601-CAV1/CAV2, rs2157719-CDKN2B-AS1 and rs3088440-CDKN2A). An unweighted GRS including the four non-linked polymorphisms was constructed. A strong association between the GRS and POAG risk was found. When three categories of the GRS were considered, subjects in the top category of the GRS were 2.92 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.79–4.77) times more likely to have POAG compared with participants in the bottom category (p < 0.001). Moreover, the GRS was inversely correlated with plasma vitamin C (p = 0.002) and vitamin E (p = 0.001) concentrations, even after additional adjustment for POAG status. In conclusion, we have found a strong association between the GRS and POAG risk in this Mediterranean population. While the additional correlation found between GRS and low levels of vitamins C and E does not indicated a causal relationship, it does suggest the need for new and deeper research into the effects of oxidative stress as a potential mechanism for those associations.
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26
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Li CF, Wu WR, Chan TC, Wang YH, Chen LR, Wu WJ, Yeh BW, Liang SS, Shiue YL. Transmembrane and Coiled-Coil Domain 1 Impairs the AKT Signaling Pathway in Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Characterization of a Tumor Suppressor. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7650-7663. [PMID: 28972042 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) is a common malignant disease in developed countries. Cell-cycle dysregulation resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation has been associated with UBUC development. This study aimed to explore the roles of TMCO1 in UBUCs.Experimental Design: Data mining, branched DNA assay, immunohistochemistry, xenograft, cell culture, quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, stable and transient transfection, lentivirus production and stable knockdown, cell-cycle, cell viability and proliferation, soft-agar, wound-healing, transwell migration and invasion, coimmunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) activity assays and site-directed mutagenesis were used to study TMCO1 involvement in vivo and in vitroResults: Data mining identified that the TMCO1 transcript was downregulated during the progression of UBUCs. In distinct UBUC-derived cell lines, changes in TMCO1 levels altered the cell-cycle distribution, cell viability, cell proliferation, and colony formation and modulated the AKT pathway. TMCO1 recruited the PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) to dephosphorylate pAKT1(serine 473) (S473). Mutagenesis at S60 of the TMCO1 protein released TMCO1-induced cell-cycle arrest and restored the AKT pathway in BFTC905 cells. Stable TMCO1 (wild-type) overexpression suppressed, whereas T33A and S60A mutants recovered, tumor size in xenograft mice.Conclusions: Clinical associations, xenograft mice, and in vitro indications provide solid evidence that the TMCO1 gene is a novel tumor suppressor in UBUCs. TMCO1 dysregulates cell-cycle progression via suppression of the AKT pathway, and S60 of the TMCO1 protein is crucial for its tumor-suppressor roles. Clin Cancer Res; 23(24); 7650-63. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ren Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Chun Chan
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ren Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral degree program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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27
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Hwang J, Kim YL, Kang S, Kim S, Kim SO, Lee JH, Han DH. Genetic analysis of hereditary gingival fibromatosis using whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics. Oral Dis 2016; 23:102-109. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hwang
- Department of IT Convergence and Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Korea
| | - Y-L Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - S Kang
- Department of Prosthodontics; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Korea
| | - S-O Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - JH Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - D-H Han
- Department of Prosthodontics; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
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28
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Kondkar AA, Mousa A, Azad TA, Sultan T, Alawad A, Altuwaijri S, Al-Obeidan SA, Abu-Amero KK. Polymorphism rs7555523 in transmembrane and coiled-coil domain 1 (TMCO1) is not a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma in a Saudi cohort. J Negat Results Biomed 2016; 15:17. [PMID: 27687253 PMCID: PMC5043619 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-016-0060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated whether polymorphism rs7555523 (A > C) in human transmembrane and coiled-coil domain 1 (TMCO1) gene is a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in a Saudi cohort. Methods A cohort of 87 unrelated POAG cases and 94 control subjects from Saudi Arabia were genotyped using Taq-Man® assay. The association of genotypes with POAG and other glaucoma specific clinical indices was investigated. Results The genotype and allele frequency of polymorphism rs7555523 at TMCO1 did not show any statistically significant association with POAG as compared to controls. The minor allele frequency was 0.103 in cases and 0.085 in controls. Except for awareness of glaucoma (p = 0.036), no significant association of genotypes were seen with glaucoma specific clinical indices such as intraocular pressure (IOP), cup/disc ratio and number of anti-glaucoma medications used. Binary logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age and gender) showed that age was a significant indicator for the development of glaucoma in this group (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2; 95 % confidence interval = 1.078–1.157; p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study was unable to replicate the findings of previously reported association for polymorphism rs7555523 in TMCO1 with POAG and related clinical indices such as IOP and cup/disc ratio indicating that this variant is not a risk factor for POAG in the Saudi cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Kondkar
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif A Azad
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alawad
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology (NCSCT), Life Sciences and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Altuwaijri
- SAAD Research & amp; Development Center, Clinical Research Lab., SAAD Specialist Hospital, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.,Qassim University, Burayadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Al-Obeidan
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled K Abu-Amero
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Saudi Arabia. .,Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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29
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Mackenroth L, Hackmann K, Klink B, Weber JS, Mayer B, Schröck E, Tzschach A. Interstitial 1q23.3q24.1 deletion in a patient with renal malformation, congenital heart disease, and mild intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2394-9. [PMID: 27255444 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions including chromosome region 1q23.3q24.1 are rare. Only eight patients with molecularly characterized deletions have been reported to date. Their phenotype included intellectual disability/developmental delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital heart disease, and renal malformations. We report on a female patient with mild developmental delay, congenital heart disease, and bilateral renal hypoplasia in whom an interstitial de novo deletion of approximately 2.7 Mb in 1q23.3q24.1 was detected by array CGH. This is the smallest deletion described in this region so far. Genotype-phenotype comparison with previously published patients allowed us to propose LMX1A and RXRG as potential candidate genes for intellectual disability, PBX1 as a probable candidate gene for renal malformation, and enabled us to narrow down a chromosome region associated with microcephaly. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mackenroth
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Sara Weber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Mayer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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30
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TMCO1 Is an ER Ca 2+ Load-Activated Ca 2+ Channel. Cell 2016; 165:1454-1466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Philomenadin FS, Asokan R, N V, George R, Lingam V, Sarangapani S. Genetic association of SNPs near ATOH7, CARD10, CDKN2B, CDC7 and SIX1/SIX6 with the endophenotypes of primary open angle glaucoma in Indian population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119703. [PMID: 25798827 PMCID: PMC4370747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) belonging to a group of optic neuropathies, result from interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Study of associations with quantitative traits (QTs) is one of the successful strategies to understand the complex genetics of POAG. The current study attempts to explore the association of variations near/in genes like ATOH7, SIX1/SIX6 complex, CDKN2B, CARD10, and CDC7 with POAG and its QTs including vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR), central corneal thickness (CCT), intra ocular pressure (IOP), and axial length (AL). Case-control study design was carried out in a sample size of 97 POAG cases and 371 controls from South India. Model-based (additive, recessive, dominant) association of the genotypes and their interaction was carried out between cases and controls using chi-square, linear and logistic regression methods. Nominal significance (P<0.05) was observed for QTs like i) VCDR with SNPs rs1900004 (ATOH7); rs1192415 (CDC7); rs10483727 (SIX1/SIX6), rs9607469 (CARD10); ii) CCT with rs1192415; iii) IOP with rs1900004 and iv) AL with rs1900004 and rs1063192 (CDKN2B). We were able to replicate previously known interactions between ATOH7-SIX6 and SIX6-CDKN2B along with few novel interactions between ATOH7—CDC7 and SIX6 with genes including CARD10 and CDC7. In summary, our results suggest that a probable interaction among the candidate genes for QTs, play a major role in determining the individual’s susceptibility to POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinamarie Sharmila Philomenadin
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, Vision Research foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
- PhD Scholar, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rashima Asokan
- Chennai Glaucoma Study, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan N
- Biostatistician, Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, Medical research foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Ronnie George
- Chennai Glaucoma Study, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Vijaya Lingam
- Chennai Glaucoma Study, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Sripriya Sarangapani
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, Vision Research foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
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Hellen EHB, Kern AD. The role of DNA insertions in phenotypic differentiation between humans and other primates. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:1168-78. [PMID: 25635043 PMCID: PMC4419785 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
What makes us human is one of the most interesting and enduring questions in evolutionary biology. To assist in answering this question, we have identified insertions in the human genome which cannot be found in five comparison primate species: Chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, gibbon, and macaque. A total of 21,269 nonpolymorphic human-specific insertions were identified, of which only 372 were found in exons. Any function conferred by the remaining 20,897 is likely to be regulatory. Many of these insertions are likely to have been fitness neutral; however, a small number has been identified in genes showing signs of positive selection. Insertions found within positively selected genes show associations to neural phenotypes, which were also enriched in the whole data set. Other phenotypes that are found to be enriched in the data set include dental and sensory perception-related phenotypes, features which are known to differ between humans and other apes. The analysis provides several likely candidates, either genes or regulatory regions, which may be involved in the processes that differentiate humans from other apes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D Kern
- Department of Genetics, Nelson Biolabs, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Two girls with short stature, short neck, vertebral anomalies, Sprengel deformity and intellectual disability. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:47-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu Y, Garrett ME, Yaspan BL, Bailey JC, Loomis SJ, Brilliant M, Budenz DL, Christen WG, Fingert JH, Gaasterland D, Gaasterland T, Kang JH, Lee RK, Lichter P, Moroi SE, Realini A, Richards JE, Schuman JS, Scott WK, Singh K, Sit AJ, Vollrath D, Weinreb R, Wollstein G, Zack DJ, Zhang K, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Pasquale LR, Wiggs JL, Allingham RR, Ashley-Koch AE, Hauser MA. DNA copy number variants of known glaucoma genes in relation to primary open-angle glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:8251-8. [PMID: 25414181 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the role of DNA copy number variants (CNVs) of known glaucoma genes in relation to primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS Our study included DNA samples from two studies (NEIGHBOR and GLAUGEN). All the samples were genotyped with the Illumina Human660W_Quad_v1 BeadChip. After removing non-blood-derived and amplified DNA samples, we applied quality control steps based on the mean Log R Ratio and the mean B allele frequency. Subsequently, data from 3057 DNA samples (1599 cases and 1458 controls) were analyzed with PennCNV software. We defined CNVs as those ≥5 kilobases (kb) in size and interrogated by ≥5 consecutive probes. We further limited our investigation to CNVs in known POAG-related genes, including CDKN2B-AS1, TMCO1, SIX1/SIX6, CAV1/CAV2, the LRP12-ZFPM2 region, GAS7, ATOH7, FNDC3B, CYP1B1, MYOC, OPTN, WDR36, SRBD1, TBK1, and GALC. RESULTS Genomic duplications of CDKN2B-AS1 and TMCO1 were each found in a single case. Two cases carried duplications in the GAS7 region. Genomic deletions of SIX6 and ATOH7 were each identified in one case. One case carried a TBK1 deletion and another case carried a TBK1 duplication. No controls had duplications or deletions in these six genes. A single control had a duplication in the MYOC region. Deletions of GALC were observed in five cases and two controls. CONCLUSIONS The CNV analysis of a large set of cases and controls revealed the presence of rare CNVs in known POAG susceptibility genes. Our data suggest that these rare CNVs may contribute to POAG pathogenesis and merit functional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Brian L Yaspan
- Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jessica Cooke Bailey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stephanie J Loomis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Murray Brilliant
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Donald L Budenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - William G Christen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John H Fingert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | | | - Terry Gaasterland
- Scripps Genome Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Richard K Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Paul Lichter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Sayoko E Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Anthony Realini
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University Eye Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Julia E Richards
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - William K Scott
- Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Kuldev Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Arthur J Sit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Douglas Vollrath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Robert Weinreb
- Department of Ophthalmology and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Donald J Zack
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - R Rand Allingham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael A Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Sifakis S, Eleftheriades M, Kappou D, Murru R, Konstantinidou A, Orru S, Ziegler M, Liehr T, Manolakos E, Papoulidis I. Prenatal diagnosis of proximal partial trisomy 1q confirmed by comparative genomic hybridization array: molecular cytogenetic analysis, fetal pathology and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:284-93. [PMID: 24677675 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q) is an exceptionally rare chromosomal abnormality and most of the prenatally diagnosed cases are associated with either complete (q11-qter) or large (q21-qter) duplications with pre- or perinatal demise of all reported cases. The most common sonographic findings associated with this karyotype abnormality include ventriculomegaly, increased nuchal translucency or nuchal fold, renal and cardiac abnormalities, craniofacial dysmorphism, and limb deformities. However, there is a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations due to the great variability in the extent of the duplication size and the possible contribution of additional genetic rearrangements in the final phenotype. CASE REPORT We report on a female fetus with sole partial trisomy 1q presenting with multiple structural malformations in the second trimester scan. Standard karyotyping demonstrated a large duplication on the proximal end of chromosome 1 [46,XX,dup(1)(pter→q31::q31→q12::q31→qter)] and further application of comparative genomic hybridization array confirmed the diagnosis and offered a precise characterization of the genetic defect. CONCLUSION A fetus with nonmosaic partial trisomy 1q that was prenatally diagnosed upon multiple abnormal ultrasound findings is presented. A detailed review of the currently available literature on the prenatal diagnostic approach of partial trisomy 1q in terms of fetal sonographic assessment and molecular cytogenetic investigation is also provided. The use of novel molecular techniques such comparative genomic hybridization array could shed further light on the correlation between the genes identified in the chromosomal region of interest and the resultant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Pehlivan D, Karaca E, Aydin H, Beck CR, Gambin T, Muzny DM, Bilge Geckinli B, Karaman A, Jhangiani SN, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR. Whole-exome sequencing links TMCO1 defect syndrome with cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1145-8. [PMID: 24424126 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is a type of disruptive technology that has tremendous influence on human and clinical genetics research. An efficient and cost-effective method, WES is now widely used as a diagnostic tool for identifying the molecular basis of genetic syndromes that are often challenging to diagnose. Here we report a patient with a clinical diagnosis of cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia (CFTD; MIM#213980) in whom we identified a homozygous splice-site mutation in the transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1 (TMCO1) gene using WES. TMCO1 mutations cause craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies characterized by multiple malformations of the vertebrae and ribs, and intellectual disability (MIM#614132). A retrospective review revealed that clinical manifestations of both syndromes are very similar and overlap remarkably. We propose that mutations of TMCO1 are not only responsible for craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies and mental retardation syndrome but also for CFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hatip Aydin
- Center of Genetics Diagnosis, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christine R Beck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Bilge Geckinli
- Center of Genetics Diagnosis, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Karaman
- Center of Genetics Diagnosis, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Richard A Gibbs
- 1] Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- 1] Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [3] Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Ozel AB, Moroi SE, Reed DM, Nika M, Schmidt CM, Akbari S, Scott K, Rozsa F, Pawar H, Musch DC, Lichter PR, Gaasterland D, Branham K, Gilbert J, Garnai SJ, Chen W, Othman M, Heckenlively J, Swaroop A, Abecasis G, Friedman DS, Zack D, Ashley-Koch A, Ulmer M, Kang JH, Liu Y, Yaspan BL, Haines J, Allingham RR, Hauser MA, Pasquale L, Wiggs J, Richards JE, Li JZ. Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis of intraocular pressure. Hum Genet 2014; 133:41-57. [PMID: 24002674 PMCID: PMC3982323 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reported associations with IOP at TMCO1 and GAS7, and with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) at CDKN2B-AS1, CAV1/CAV2, and SIX1/SIX6. To identify novel genetic variants and replicate the published findings, we performed GWAS and meta-analysis of IOP in >6,000 subjects of European ancestry collected in three datasets: the NEI Glaucoma Human genetics collaBORation, GLAUcoma Genes and ENvironment study, and a subset of the Age-related Macular Degeneration-Michigan, Mayo, AREDS and Pennsylvania study. While no signal achieved genome-wide significance in individual datasets, a meta-analysis identified significant associations with IOP at TMCO1 (rs7518099-G, p = 8.0 × 10(-8)). Focused analyses of five loci previously reported for IOP and/or POAG, i.e., TMCO1, CDKN2B-AS1, GAS7, CAV1/CAV2, and SIX1/SIX6, revealed associations with IOP that were largely consistent across our three datasets, and replicated the previously reported associations in both effect size and direction. These results confirm the involvement of common variants in multiple genomic regions in regulating IOP and/or glaucoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - Sayoko E. Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David M. Reed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melisa Nika
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caroline M. Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara Akbari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank Rozsa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hemant Pawar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David C. Musch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul R. Lichter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kari Branham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jesse Gilbert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah J. Garnai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Departments of Biostatistics and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Othman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Heckenlively
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David S. Friedman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Don Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Megan Ulmer
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yutao Liu
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian L. Yaspan
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Haines
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R. Rand Allingham
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Louis Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janey Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia E. Richards
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Z. Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
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Alanay Y, Ergüner B, Utine E, Haçarız O, Kiper POS, Taşkıran EZ, Perçin F, Uz E, Sağıroğlu MŞ, Yuksel B, Boduroglu K, Akarsu NA. TMCO1 deficiency causes autosomal recessive cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:291-304. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Alanay
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Genetics; Hacettepe University Medical Faculty; Ankara Turkey
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Genetics; Acıbadem University Medical Faculty; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bekir Ergüner
- Information Technologies Institute; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Genetics; Hacettepe University Medical Faculty; Ankara Turkey
| | - Orçun Haçarız
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Pelin Ozlem Simsek Kiper
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Genetics; Hacettepe University Medical Faculty; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ekim Zihni Taşkıran
- Department of Medical Genetics; Gene Mapping Laboratory; Hacettepe University Medical Faculty; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ferda Perçin
- Department of Medical Genetics; Gazi University Medical Faculty; Ankara Turkey
| | - Elif Uz
- Department of Medical Genetics; Gene Mapping Laboratory; Hacettepe University Medical Faculty; Ankara Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
| | | | - Bayram Yuksel
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute; TUBITAK Marmara Research Center; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroglu
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Genetics; Hacettepe University Medical Faculty; Ankara Turkey
| | - Nurten Ayse Akarsu
- Department of Medical Genetics; Gene Mapping Laboratory; Hacettepe University Medical Faculty; Ankara Turkey
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Puffenberger EG, Jinks RN, Wang H, Xin B, Fiorentini C, Sherman EA, Degrazio D, Shaw C, Sougnez C, Cibulskis K, Gabriel S, Kelley RI, Morton DH, Strauss KA. A homozygous missense mutation in HERC2 associated with global developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder. Hum Mutat 2013; 33:1639-46. [PMID: 23065719 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied a unique phenotype of cognitive delay, autistic behavior, and gait instability segregating in three separate sibships. We initiated genome-wide mapping in two sibships using Affymetrix 10K SNP Mapping Arrays and identified a homozygous 8.2 Mb region on chromosome 15 common to five affected children. We used exome sequencing of two affected children to assess coding sequence variants within the mapped interval. Four novel homozygous exome variants were shared between the two patients; however, only two variants localized to the mapped interval on chromosome 15. A third sibship in an Ohio Amish deme narrowed the mapped interval to 2.6 Mb and excluded one of the two novel homozygous exome variants. The remaining variant, a missense change in HERC2 (c.1781C>T, p.Pro594Leu), occurs in a highly conserved proline residue within an RCC1-like functional domain. Functional studies of truncated HERC2 in adherent retinal pigment epithelium cells suggest that the p.Pro594Leu variant induces protein aggregation and leads to decreased HERC2 abundance. The phenotypic correlation with the mouse Herc1 and Herc2 mutants as well as the phenotypic overlap with Angelman syndrome provide further evidence that pathogenic changes in HERC2 are associated with nonsyndromic intellectual disability, autism, and gait disturbance. Hum Mutat 33:1639-1646, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Wang H, Bright A, Xin B, Bockoven J, Paller AS. Cutaneous dyspigmentation in patients with ganglioside GM3 synthase deficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:875-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Caglayan AO, Per H, Akgumus G, Gumus H, Baranoski J, Canpolat M, Calik M, Yikilmaz A, Bilguvar K, Kumandas S, Gunel M. Whole-exome sequencing identified a patient with TMCO1 defect syndrome and expands the phenotic spectrum. Clin Genet 2013; 84:394-5. [PMID: 23320496 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A O Caglayan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Department of Neurobiology; Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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In silico study of Alzheimer’s disease in relation to FYN gene. Interdiscip Sci 2012; 4:153-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-012-0123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Common genetic determinants of intraocular pressure and primary open-angle glaucoma. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002611. [PMID: 22570627 PMCID: PMC3342933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma and is the only target for current glaucoma therapy. The genetic factors which determine IOP are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study for IOP in 11,972 participants from 4 independent population-based studies in The Netherlands. We replicated our findings in 7,482 participants from 4 additional cohorts from the UK, Australia, Canada, and the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium 2/Blue Mountains Eye Study. IOP was significantly associated with rs11656696, located in GAS7 at 17p13.1 (p = 1.4×10−8), and with rs7555523, located in TMCO1 at 1q24.1 (p = 1.6×10−8). In a meta-analysis of 4 case-control studies (total N = 1,432 glaucoma cases), both variants also showed evidence for association with glaucoma (p = 2.4×10−2 for rs11656696 and p = 9.1×10−4 for rs7555523). GAS7 and TMCO1 are highly expressed in the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork as well as in the lamina cribrosa, optic nerve, and retina. Both genes functionally interact with known glaucoma disease genes. These data suggest that we have identified two clinically relevant genes involved in IOP regulation. Glaucoma is a major eye disease in the elderly and is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The numerous familial glaucoma cases, as well as evidence from epidemiological and twin studies, strongly support a genetic component in developing glaucoma. However, it has proven difficult to identify the specific genes involved. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major risk factor for glaucoma and the only target for the current glaucoma therapy. IOP has been shown to be highly heritable. We investigated the role of common genetic variants in IOP by performing a genome-wide association study. Discovery analyses in 11,972 participants and subsequent replication analyses in a further 7,482 participants yielded two common genetic variants that were associated with IOP. The first (rs11656696) is located in GAS7 at chromosome 17, the second (rs7555523) in TMCO1 at chromosome 1. Both variants were associated with glaucoma in a meta-analysis of 4 case-control studies. GAS7 and TMCO1 are expressed in the ocular tissues that are involved in glaucoma. Both genes functionally interact with the known glaucoma disease genes. These data suggest that we have identified two genes involved in IOP regulation and glaucomatous neuropathy.
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Burdon KP. Genome-wide association studies in the hunt for genes causing primary open-angle glaucoma: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 40:358-63. [PMID: 22171998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies are a powerful tool for the identification of genetic risk factors for complex disease. This methodology has been successfully applied to primary open-angle glaucoma through the analysis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) as well as specific subgroups of patients including those with normal tension glaucoma and advanced glaucoma. In addition, the analysis of quantitative traits important in POAG, including optic disc area and vertical cup-to-disc ratio has also identified genes important in POAG development. This review explores findings of genome-wide association studies for POAG and related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Liu Y, Allingham RR. Molecular genetics in glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:331-9. [PMID: 21871452 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a family of diseases whose pathology is defined by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells. Clinically, glaucoma presents as a distinctive optic neuropathy with associated visual field loss. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), chronic angle-closure glaucoma (ACG), and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) are the most prevalent forms of glaucoma globally and are the most common causes of glaucoma-related blindness worldwide. A host of genetic and environmental factors contribute to glaucoma phenotypes. This review examines the current status of genetic investigations of POAG, ACG, XFG, including the less common forms of glaucoma primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), the developmental glaucomas, and pigment dispersion glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Liu
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Wang H, Xin B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Amish community — What we may learn from it. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for open angle glaucoma at TMCO1 and CDKN2B-AS1. Nat Genet 2011; 43:574-8. [PMID: 21532571 DOI: 10.1038/ng.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Homozygous mutation in SAMHD1 gene causes cerebral vasculopathy and early onset stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:5372-7. [PMID: 21402907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014265108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an autosomal recessive condition characterized with cerebral vasculopathy and early onset of stroke in 14 individuals in Old Order Amish. The phenotype of the condition was highly heterogeneous, ranging from severe developmental disability to normal schooling. Cerebral vasculopathy was a major hallmark of the condition with a common theme of multifocal stenoses and aneurysms in large arteries, accompanied by chronic ischemic changes, moyamoya morphology, and evidence of prior acute infarction and hemorrhage. Early signs of the disease included mild intrauterine growth restriction, infantile hypotonia, and irritability, followed by failure to thrive and short stature. Acrocyanosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, chilblain lesions, low-pitch hoarse voice, glaucoma, migraine headache, and arthritis were frequently observed. The early onset or recurrence of strokes secondary to cerebral vasculopathy seems to always be associated with poor outcomes. The elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), IgG, neopterin, and TNF-α found in these patients suggested an immune disorder. Through genomewide homozygosity mapping, we localized the disease gene to chromosome (Chr) 20q11.22-q12. Candidate gene sequencing identified a homozygous mutation, c.1411-2A > G, in the SAMHD1 gene, being associated with this condition. The mutation appeared at the splice-acceptor site of intron 12, resulted in the skipping of exon 13, and gave rise to an aberrant protein with in-frame deletion of 31 amino acids. Immunoblotting analysis showed lack of mutant SAMHD1 protein expression in affected cell lines. The function of SAMHD1 remains unclear, but the inflammatory vasculopathies of the brain found in the patients with SAMHD1 mutation indicate its important roles in immunoregulation and cerebral vascular hemeostasis.
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