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Corral AF, Dadashazar H, Stahl C, Edwards EL, Zuidema P, Sorooshian A. Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States. ATMOSPHERE 2020; 11:1212. [PMID: 34211764 PMCID: PMC8243544 DOI: 10.3390/atmos11111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the long-term aerosol and precipitation chemistry measurements from colocated monitoring sites in Southern Florida between 2013 and 2018. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified six potential emission sources impacting the study area. The PMF model solution yielded the following source concentration profiles: (i) combustion; (ii) fresh sea salt; (iii) aged sea salt; (iv) secondary sulfate; (v) shipping emissions; and (vi) dust. Based on these results, concentration-weighted trajectory maps were developed to identify sources contributing to the PMF factors. Monthly mean precipitation pH values ranged from 4.98 to 5.58, being positively related to crustal species and negatively related to SO4 2-. Sea salt dominated wet deposition volume-weighted concentrations year-round without much variability in its mass fraction in contrast to stronger seasonal changes in PM2.5 composition where fresh sea salt was far less influential. The highest mean annual deposition fluxes were attributed to Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, and Na+ between April and October. Nitrate is strongly correlated with dust constituents (unlike sea salt) in precipitation samples, indicative of efficient partitioning to dust. Interrelationships between precipitation chemistry and aerosol species based on long-term surface data provide insight into aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F. Corral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Connor Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Eva-Lou Edwards
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Paquita Zuidema
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Easson CG, Lopez JV. Depth-Dependent Environmental Drivers of Microbial Plankton Community Structure in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3175. [PMID: 30662434 PMCID: PMC6328475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is a dynamic marine ecosystem influenced by multiple natural and anthropogenic processes and inputs, such as the intrusion of warm oligotrophic water via the Loop Current, freshwater and nutrient input by the Mississippi River, and hydrocarbon inputs via natural seeps and industrial spills. Microbial plankton communities are important to pelagic food webs including in the GoM but understanding the drivers of the natural dynamics of these passively distributed microorganisms can be challenging in such a large and heterogeneous system. As part of the DEEPEND consortium, we applied high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of pelagic microbial plankton related to several environmental conditions during two offshore cruises in 2015. Our results show dramatic community shifts across depths, especially between photic and aphotic zones. Though we only have two time points within a single year, observed temporal shifts in microbial plankton communities were restricted to the seasonally influenced epipelagic zone (0-200 m), and appear mainly driven by changes in temperature. Environmental selection in microbial plankton communities was depth-specific, with variables such as turbidity, salinity, and abundance of photosynthetic taxa strongly correlating with community structure in the epipelagic zone, while variables such as oxygen and specific nutrient concentrations were correlated with community structure at deeper depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole G. Easson
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States
| | - Jose V. Lopez
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, United States
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Hodgkins SB, Richardson CJ, Dommain R, Wang H, Glaser PH, Verbeke B, Winkler BR, Cobb AR, Rich VI, Missilmani M, Flanagan N, Ho M, Hoyt AM, Harvey CF, Vining SR, Hough MA, Moore TR, Richard PJH, De La Cruz FB, Toufaily J, Hamdan R, Cooper WT, Chanton JP. Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3640. [PMID: 30194308 PMCID: PMC6128871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 °C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne B Hodgkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Curtis J Richardson
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - René Dommain
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Paul H Glaser
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Brittany Verbeke
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - B Rose Winkler
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Alexander R Cobb
- Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Virginia I Rich
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Malak Missilmani
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST and Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Neal Flanagan
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mengchi Ho
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Alison M Hoyt
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701, Jena, Germany
| | - Charles F Harvey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - S Rose Vining
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85716, USA
| | - Moira A Hough
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85716, USA
| | - Tim R Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Pierre J H Richard
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2V 2B8, Canada
| | - Florentino B De La Cruz
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Joumana Toufaily
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST and Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Hamdan
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST and Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - William T Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Chanton
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Newman S, Osborne TZ, Hagerthey SE, Saunders C, Rutchey K, Schall T, Reddy KR. Drivers of landscape evolution: multiple regimes and their influence on carbon sequestration in a sub-tropical peatland. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Newman
- Everglades Systems Assessment Section; South Florida Water Management District; 8894 Belvedere Road, Building 374 West Palm Beach Florida 33411 USA
| | - Todd Z. Osborne
- Soil and Water Science Department; Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience; University of Florida; St Augustine Florida 32080 USA
| | - Scot E. Hagerthey
- Everglades Systems Assessment Section; South Florida Water Management District; 8894 Belvedere Road, Building 374 West Palm Beach Florida 33411 USA
| | - Colin Saunders
- Everglades Systems Assessment Section; South Florida Water Management District; 8894 Belvedere Road, Building 374 West Palm Beach Florida 33411 USA
| | - Ken Rutchey
- Everglades Systems Assessment Section; South Florida Water Management District; 8894 Belvedere Road, Building 374 West Palm Beach Florida 33411 USA
| | - Ted Schall
- Everglades Systems Assessment Section; South Florida Water Management District; 8894 Belvedere Road, Building 374 West Palm Beach Florida 33411 USA
| | - Konda R. Reddy
- Soil and Water Science Department; Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
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Williams RH, McGee D, Kinsley CW, Ridley DA, Hu S, Fedorov A, Tal I, Murray RW, deMenocal PB. Glacial to Holocene changes in trans-Atlantic Saharan dust transport and dust-climate feedbacks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600445. [PMID: 28138515 PMCID: PMC5262466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Saharan mineral dust exported over the tropical North Atlantic is thought to have significant impacts on regional climate and ecosystems, but limited data exist documenting past changes in long-range dust transport. This data gap limits investigations of the role of Saharan dust in past climate change, in particular during the mid-Holocene, when climate models consistently underestimate the intensification of the West African monsoon documented by paleorecords. We present reconstructions of African dust deposition in sediments from the Bahamas and the tropical North Atlantic spanning the last 23,000 years. Both sites show early and mid-Holocene dust fluxes 40 to 50% lower than recent values and maximum dust fluxes during the deglaciation, demonstrating agreement with records from the northwest African margin. These quantitative estimates of trans-Atlantic dust transport offer important constraints on past changes in dust-related radiative and biogeochemical impacts. Using idealized climate model experiments to investigate the response to reductions in Saharan dust's radiative forcing over the tropical North Atlantic, we find that small (0.15°C) dust-related increases in regional sea surface temperatures are sufficient to cause significant northward shifts in the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone, increased precipitation in the western Sahel and Sahara, and reductions in easterly and northeasterly winds over dust source regions. Our results suggest that the amplifying feedback of dust on sea surface temperatures and regional climate may be significant and that accurate simulation of dust's radiative effects is likely essential to improving model representations of past and future precipitation variations in North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross H. Williams
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David McGee
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher W. Kinsley
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - David A. Ridley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shineng Hu
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Irit Tal
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Richard W. Murray
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter B. deMenocal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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Gonzalez-Martin C, Teigell-Perez N, Valladares B, Griffin DW. The Global Dispersion of Pathogenic Microorganisms by Dust Storms and Its Relevance to Agriculture. ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY 2014; 127. [PMCID: PMC7150032 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800131-8.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dust storms move an estimated 500–5000 Tg of soil through Earth’s atmosphere every year. Dust-storm transport of topsoils may have positive effects such as fertilization of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the evolution of soils in proximal and distal environments. Negative effects may include the stripping of nutrient-rich topsoils from source regions, sandblasting of plant life in downwind environments, the fertilization of harmful algal blooms, and the transport of toxins (e.g., metals, pesticides, herbicides, etc.) and pathogenic microorganisms. With respect to the long-range dispersion of microorganisms and more specifically pathogens, research is just beginning to demonstrate the quantity and diversity of organisms that can survive this type of transport. Most studies to date have utilized different assays to identify microorganisms and microbial communities using predominately culture-based, and more recently nonculture-based, methodologies. There is a clear need for international-scale research efforts that apply standardized methods to advance this field of science. Here we present a review of dust-borne microorganisms with a focus on their relevance to agronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gonzalez-Martin
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda, Astrofisico Francisco Sanchez, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Corresponding author: e-mail address:
| | - Nuria Teigell-Perez
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda, Astrofisico Francisco Sanchez, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Basilio Valladares
- University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Avda, Astrofisico Francisco Sanchez, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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