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Hilario MRA, Crosbie E, Bañaga PA, Betito G, Braun RA, Cambaliza MO, Corral AF, Cruz MT, Dibb JE, Lorenzo GR, MacDonald AB, Robinson CE, Shook MA, Simpas JB, Stahl C, Winstead E, Ziemba LD, Sorooshian A. Particulate Oxalate-To-Sulfate Ratio as an Aqueous Processing Marker: Similarity Across Field Campaigns and Limitations. Geophys Res Lett 2021; 48:e2021GL096520. [PMID: 35136274 PMCID: PMC8819676 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl096520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leveraging aerosol data from multiple airborne and surface-based field campaigns encompassing diverse environmental conditions, we calculate statistics of the oxalate-sulfate mass ratio (median: 0.0217; 95% confidence interval: 0.0154-0.0296; R = 0.76; N = 2,948). Ground-based measurements of the oxalate-sulfate ratio fall within our 95% confidence interval, suggesting the range is robust within the mixed layer for the submicrometer particle size range. We demonstrate that dust and biomass burning emissions can separately bias this ratio toward higher values by at least one order of magnitude. In the absence of these confounding factors, the 95% confidence interval of the ratio may be used to estimate the relative extent of aqueous processing by comparing inferred oxalate concentrations between air masses, with the assumption that sulfate primarily originates from aqueous processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewan Crosbie
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Paola Angela Bañaga
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Grace Betito
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Rachel A Braun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Now at: Healthy Urban Environments Initiative, Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Maria Obiminda Cambaliza
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Andrea F Corral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Melliza Templonuevo Cruz
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, Philippines
- Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jack E Dibb
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Genevieve Rose Lorenzo
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander B MacDonald
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Claire E Robinson
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - James Bernard Simpas
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Connor Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Edward Winstead
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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2
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Stahl C, Frederick K, Chaudhary S, Morton CJ, Loy D, Muralidharan K, Sorooshian A, Parthasarathy S. Comparison of the Filtration Efficiency of Different Face Masks Against Aerosols. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:654317. [PMID: 34277652 PMCID: PMC8282900 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.654317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic can spread through virus-containing aerosols ( ≤ 5 μm) and larger airborne droplets. Quantifying filtration efficiency of different kinds of masks and linings for aerosols that fall within the most penetrating particle size (80-400 nm) is critical to limiting viral transmission. The objective of our experiment was to compare the “real-world” filtering efficiency of different face masks for fine aerosols (350 nm) in laboratory simulations. Methods: We performed a simulated bench test that measured the filtering efficiency of N95 vs. N99 masks with elastomeric lining in relation to baseline (“background”) aerosol generation. A mannequin head was placed within a chamber and was attached to an artificial lung simulator. Particles of known size (350 ± 6 nm aerodynamic diameter) were aerosolized into the chamber while simulating breathing at physiological settings of tidal volume, respiratory rate, and airflow. Particle counts were measured between the mannequin head and the lung simulator at the tracheal airway location. Results: Baseline particle counts without a filter (background) were 2,935 ± 555 (SD) cm−3, while the N95 (1348 ± 92 cm−3) and N99 mask with elastomeric lining (279 ± 164 cm−3; p <0.0001) exhibit lower counts due to filtration. Conclusion: The filtration efficiency of the N95 (54.1%) and N99 (90.5%) masks were lower than the filtration efficiency rating. N99 masks with elastomeric lining exhibit greater filtration efficiency than N95 masks without elastomeric lining and may be preferred to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kevin Frederick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sachin Chaudhary
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Christopher J Morton
- University of Arizona Health Sciences Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Douglas Loy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Krishna Muralidharan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sairam Parthasarathy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Health Sciences Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Ferrini K, Stahl C, Bohn T. The lifana solution: a mobile health personalized nutrition application for promoting healthy diet in elderly people. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Corral AF, Dadashazar H, Stahl C, Edwards EL, Zuidema P, Sorooshian A. Source Apportionment of Aerosol at a Coastal Site and Relationships with Precipitation Chemistry: A Case Study over the Southeast United States. Atmosphere (Basel) 2020; 11:1212. [PMID: 34211764 PMCID: PMC8243544 DOI: 10.3390/atmos11111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the long-term aerosol and precipitation chemistry measurements from colocated monitoring sites in Southern Florida between 2013 and 2018. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified six potential emission sources impacting the study area. The PMF model solution yielded the following source concentration profiles: (i) combustion; (ii) fresh sea salt; (iii) aged sea salt; (iv) secondary sulfate; (v) shipping emissions; and (vi) dust. Based on these results, concentration-weighted trajectory maps were developed to identify sources contributing to the PMF factors. Monthly mean precipitation pH values ranged from 4.98 to 5.58, being positively related to crustal species and negatively related to SO4 2-. Sea salt dominated wet deposition volume-weighted concentrations year-round without much variability in its mass fraction in contrast to stronger seasonal changes in PM2.5 composition where fresh sea salt was far less influential. The highest mean annual deposition fluxes were attributed to Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, and Na+ between April and October. Nitrate is strongly correlated with dust constituents (unlike sea salt) in precipitation samples, indicative of efficient partitioning to dust. Interrelationships between precipitation chemistry and aerosol species based on long-term surface data provide insight into aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F. Corral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Connor Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Eva-Lou Edwards
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Paquita Zuidema
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Crosbie E, Shook MA, Ziemba LD, Anderson BE, Braun RA, Brown MD, Jordan CE, MacDonald AB, Moore RH, Nowak JB, Robinson CE, Shingler T, Sorooshian A, Stahl C, Thornhill KL, Wiggins EB, Winstead E. Coupling an online ion conductivity measurement with the particle-into-liquid sampler: Evaluation and modeling using laboratory and field aerosol data. Aerosol Sci Technol 2020; 54:1542-1555. [PMID: 33204049 PMCID: PMC7668158 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2020.1795499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) was coupled to a flow-through conductivity cell to provide a continuous, nondestructive, online measurement in support of offline ion chromatography analysis. The conductivity measurement provides a rapid assessment of the total ion concentration augmenting slower batch-sample data from offline analysis and is developed primarily to assist airborne measurements, where fast time-response is essential. A conductivity model was developed for measured ions and excellent closure was derived for laboratory-generated aerosols (97% conductivity explained, R2 > 0.99). The PILS-conductivity measurement was extensively tested throughout the NASA Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes: Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex) during nineteen research flights. A diverse range of ambient aerosol was sampled from biomass burning, fresh and aged urban pollution, and marine sources. Ambient aerosol did not exhibit the same degree of closure as the laboratory aerosol, with measured ions only accountable for 43% of the conductivity. The remaining fraction of the conductivity was examined in combination with ion charge balance and found to provide additional supporting information for diagnosing and modeling particle acidity. An urban plume case study was used to demonstrate the utility of the measurement for supplementing compositional data and augmenting the temporal capability of the PILS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Crosbie
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rachel A. Braun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew D. Brown
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Jordan
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexander B. MacDonald
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - John B. Nowak
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire E. Robinson
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Connor Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - K. Lee Thornhill
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Wiggins
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Winstead
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
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Mierop A, Mikolajczak M, Stahl C, Béna J, Luminet O, Lane A, Corneille O. How Can Intranasal Oxytocin Research Be Trusted? A Systematic Review of the Interactive Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Psychosocial Outcomes. Perspect Psychol Sci 2020; 15:1228-1242. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691620921525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, research about the role of oxytocin (OT) in human behavior has grown exponentially. However, a unified theory of OT effects has yet to be developed. Relatedly, growing concerns about the robustness of conclusions drawn in the field have been raised. The current article contributes to this debate by reporting on and discussing key conclusions from a systematic review of published studies addressing the interactive effects of intranasal OT (IN-OT) administration on psychosocial outcomes in a healthy population. The review indicates that (a) tested interactive IN-OT effects were highly heterogeneous; (b) for most published interactions, no replication was attempted; (c) when attempted, replications were largely unsuccessful; (d) significance was unrelated to sample size; (e) statistical power was critically low and unrelated to the rate of significant results; and (f) research practices were characteristic of an exploratory approach. This concerning state of affairs makes it virtually impossible to tease apart true from false interactive IN-OT effects. We provide constructive directions on the basis of this observation and positive predictive value simulations for future research that should help extract true effects from noise and move the IN-OT field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mierop
- Research Institute of Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain
| | | | - C. Stahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne
| | - J. Béna
- Le Laboratoire Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie, University of Toulouse, CNRS
| | - O. Luminet
- Research Institute of Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain
- Fund for Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Lane
- Research Institute of Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain
| | - O. Corneille
- Research Institute of Psychological Sciences, UCLouvain
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7
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Schlosser JS, Dadashazar H, Edwards EL, Hossein Mardi A, Prabhakar G, Stahl C, Jonsson HH, Sorooshian A. Relationships Between Supermicrometer Sea Salt Aerosol and Marine Boundary Layer Conditions: Insights From Repeated Identical Flight Patterns. J Geophys Res Atmos 2020; 125:e2019JD032346. [PMID: 33204580 PMCID: PMC7668231 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd032346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The MONterey Aerosol Research Campaign (MONARC) in May-June 2019 featured 14 repeated identical flights off the California coast over the open ocean at the same time each flight day. The objective of this study is to use MONARC data along with machine learning analysis to evaluate relationships between both supermicrometer sea salt aerosol number (N>1) and volume (V>1) concentrations and wind speed, wind direction, sea surface temperature (SST), ambient temperature (Tamb), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), relative humidity (RH), marine boundary layer (MBL) depth, and drizzle rate. Selected findings from this study include the following: (i) Near surface (<60 m) N>1 and V>1 concentration ranges were 0.1-4.6 cm-3 and 0.3-28.2 μm3 cm-3, respectively; (ii) four meteorological regimes were identified during MONARC with each resulting in different N>1 and V>1 concentrations and also varying horizontal and vertical profiles; (iii) the relative predictive strength of the MBL properties varies depending on predicting N>1 or V>1, with MBL depth being more highly ranked for predicting N>1 and with TKE being higher for predicting V>1; (iv) MBL depths >400 m (<200 m) often correspond to lower (higher) N>1 and V>1 concentrations; (v) enhanced drizzle rates coincide with reduced N>1 and V>1 concentrations; (vi) N>1 and V>1 concentrations exhibit an overall negative relationship with SST and RH and an overall positive relationship with Tamb; and (vii) wind speed and direction were relatively weak predictors of N>1 and V>1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Schlosser
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eva-Lou Edwards
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gouri Prabhakar
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Connor Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Haflidi H Jonsson
- Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Stahl C, Cruz MT, Bañaga PA, Betito G, Braun RA, Aghdam MA, Cambaliza MO, Lorenzo GR, MacDonald AB, Pabroa PC, Yee JR, Simpas JB, Sorooshian A. An annual time series of weekly size-resolved aerosol properties in the megacity of Metro Manila, Philippines. Sci Data 2020; 7:128. [PMID: 32350280 PMCID: PMC7190854 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Size-resolved aerosol samples were collected in Metro Manila between July 2018 and October 2019. Two Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDI) were deployed at Manila Observatory in Quezon City, Metro Manila with samples collected on a weekly basis for water-soluble speciation and mass quantification. Additional sets were collected for gravimetric and black carbon analysis, including during special events such as holidays. The unique aspect of the presented data is a year-long record with weekly frequency of size-resolved aerosol composition in a highly populated megacity where there is a lack of measurements. The data are suitable for research to understand the sources, evolution, and fate of atmospheric aerosols, as well as studies focusing on phenomena such as aerosol-cloud-precipitation-meteorology interactions, regional climate, boundary layer processes, and health effects. The dataset can be used to initialize, validate, and/or improve models and remote sensing algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Melliza Templonuevo Cruz
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Paola Angela Bañaga
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Grace Betito
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Rachel A Braun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Maria Obiminda Cambaliza
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Genevieve Rose Lorenzo
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexander B MacDonald
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Preciosa Corazon Pabroa
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - John Robin Yee
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - James Bernard Simpas
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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Gagliardi R, Murray R, Zhang W, Kroscher K, Rhoads R, Stahl C. PSXII-29 Dietary protein impacts neonatal piglet muscle growth and protein synthesis. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Gagliardi
- University of Maryland Department of Animal Science,College Park, MD, United States
| | - R Murray
- University of Maryland Department of Animal Science,College Park, MD, United States
| | - W Zhang
- University of Maryland Department of Animal Science,College Park, MD, United States
| | - K Kroscher
- Virginia Tech Department of Animal Science,Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - R Rhoads
- Virginia Tech Department of Animal Science,Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - C Stahl
- University of Maryland Department of Animal Science,College Park, MD, United States
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10
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Fijnvandraat K, Berntorp E, ten Cate JW, Johnsson H, Peters M, Savidge G, Tengborn L, Spira J, Stahl C. Recombinant, B-domain Deleted Factor VIII (r-VIII SQ): Pharmacokinetics and Initial Safety Aspects in Hemophilia A Patients. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe pharmacokinetics of a second-generation recombinant B-domain deleted factor VIII (FVIII) preparation (r-VIII SQ) were studied in 36 patients with severe hemophilia A. In contrast to full-length recombinant FVIII, no albumin needs to be added to stabilize the final formulation of this B-domain deleted FVIII preparation.The in vivo recovery and half-life of r-VIII SQ were similar to those of plasma-derived (pd) FVIII (mean half-life of r-VIII SQ, 11.7 h). The volume of distribution and clearance were slightly, but significantly, higher for r-VIII SQ than for pdFVIII (p<0.05). Peak plasma levels of FVIII were consistently related to the administered dose of r-VIII SQ (r = 0.94, p<0.0001). The pharmacokinetic profile of r-VIII SQ remained essentially unchanged in a dose range of 25-100 IU/kg body weight and could be reproduced after repeated doses. r-VIII SQ was well tolerated.In conclusion, deletion of the B-domain of FVIII does not influence its in vivo pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fijnvandraat
- The Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children’s Hospital AMC, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Thrombosis, Hemostasis, Atherosclerosis and Inflammation Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Berntorp
- Malmø University Hospital, Malmø, Sweden
| | - J W ten Cate
- Center for Thrombosis, Hemostasis, Atherosclerosis and Inflammation Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Peters
- The Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children’s Hospital AMC, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Savidge
- St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Spira
- Pharmacia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Stahl
- Pharmacia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Sengers JH, Abma FI, Stahl C, Brouwer S. International comparison of work capacity evaluation in a social security setting. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JH Sengers
- University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - FI Abma
- University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - C Stahl
- University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - S Brouwer
- University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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12
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Lowell J, Overholt M, Harsh B, Stahl C, Dilger A, Boler D. Relationships between Early Postmortem and Aged Pork Loin Quality Characteristics of Barrows and Gilts. Meat and Muscle Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2017.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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13
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Dür C, Ansó J, Rohrbach H, Stahl C, Ferrario D, Muntane E, Wyss T, Gerber N, Williamson T, Gavaghan K, Bell B, Weber S, Caversaccio M. ID 310 – Electromyography to protect the facial nerve during minimally invasive cochlear implantation. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kocheva D, Stegmann R, Rainovski G, Jolie J, Pietralla N, Stahl C, Petkov P, Blazhev A, Hennig A, Bauer C, Braunroth T, Carpenter M, Cortes L, Dewald A, Djongolov M, Fransen C, Gladnishki K, Janssens R, Karayonchev V, Lettmann M, Lister C, Litzinger J, Möller T, Möller-Gatermann C, Scheck M, Scholz P, Schramm C, Thöle P, Werner V, Wölk D, Zhu S, Van Isacker P. Search for mixed-symmetry states of nuclei in the vicinity of the double-magic nucleus208Pb. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201610703004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Salger F, Stahl C, Vandevelde M, Piersigilli A, Henke D. Multifocal ischemic brain infarctions secondary to spontaneous basilar artery occlusion in a dog with systemic thromboembolic disease. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1875-80. [PMID: 25273268 PMCID: PMC4895622 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Salger
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Merhof K, Lang J, Dürr S, Stahl C, Gorgas D. Use of contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence to detect brain lesions in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1263-7. [PMID: 24962604 PMCID: PMC4857937 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnostic value of a contrast‐enhanced T2‐weighted FLAIR sequence (ceFLAIR) in brain imaging is unclear. Hypothesis/Objectives That the number of brain lesions detected with ceFLAIR would be no greater than the sum of lesions detected with nFLAIR and ceT1W sequence. Animals One hundred and twenty‐nine animals (108 dogs and 21 cats) undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head between July 2010 and October 2011 were included in the study. Methods A transverse ceFLAIR was added to a standard brain MRI protocol. Presence and number of lesions were determined based on all available MRI sequences by 3 examiners in consensus and lesion visibility was evaluated for nFLAIR, ceFLAIR, and ceT1W sequences. Results Eighty‐three lesions (58 intra‐axial and 25 extra‐axial) were identified in 51 patients. Five lesions were detected with nFLAIR alone, 2 with ceT1W alone, and 1 with ceFLAIR alone. Significantly higher numbers of lesions were detected using ceFLAIR than nFLAIR (76 versus 67 lesions; P = 0.04), in particular for lesions also detected with ceT1W images (53 versus 40; P =.01). There was no significant difference between the number of lesions detected with combined nFLAIR and ceT1W sequences compared to those detected with ceFLAIR (82 versus 76; P =.25). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Use of ceFLAIR as a complementary sequence to nFLAIR and ceT1W sequences did not improve the detection of brain lesions and cannot be recommended as part of a routine brain MRI protocol in dogs and cats with suspected brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Merhof
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Katzer C, Stahl C, Michalowski P, Treiber S, Westerhausen M, Schmidl F, Seidel P, Schütz G, Albrecht J. Increasing the sensor performance using Au modified high temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δthin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/507/1/012024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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May M, Eller A, Stahl C, Wuest W, Scharf M, Hammon M, Dankerl P, Schlechtweg P, Allmendinger T, Sedlmair M, Schmidt B, Uder M, Lell M. Dose Reduction in Computed Tomography of the Chest: Image Quality of Iterative Reconstructions at a 50% Radiation Dose Compared to Filtered Back Projection at a 100% Radiation Dose. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014; 186:576-84. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1356254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. May
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
| | - A. Eller
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
| | - C. Stahl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
| | - W. Wuest
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
| | - M. Scharf
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
| | - M. Hammon
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
| | - P. Dankerl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
| | - M. Lell
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen
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Illana Sisón A, Jungclaus A, Orlandi R, Perea A, Briz J, Bauer C, Gernhäuser R, Leske J, Mücher D, Pakarinen J, Pietralla N, Rajabali M, Seiler D, Stahl C. Magnetic moment measurement in 72Zn using the Transient Field technique and Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146602054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Sebastian A, Pohl M, Klöppel S, Feige B, Lange T, Stahl C, Voss A, Klauer K, Lieb K, Tüscher O. Disentangling common and specific neural subprocesses of response inhibition. Neuroimage 2013; 64:601-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Makhlouf F, Scolan V, Ferretti G, Stahl C, Paysant F. Gunshot fatalities: correlation between post-mortem multi-slice computed tomography and autopsy findings: a 30-months retrospective study. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2012; 15:145-8. [PMID: 23274151 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study we compared retrospectively the autopsy and the CT-scan findings in 47 gunshot victims (96 wounds) in order to assess the accuracy of the two methods in injury and ballistic diagnoses. Firing distance was determined in 46 wounds (47.9%). Firing range was determined by autopsy alone in 37 cases (80.5%) and by CT-scan alone in three cases (6.5%). In the six remaining cases (13%), autopsy and CT-scan reports concluded both to the same firing range. Entrance wounds were detected concordantly by both CT-scan and autopsy in 63 of the 91 penetrating wounds (69.2%). Exit wounds were present in 69 shots. They were concordantly detected by autopsy and CT-scan in 36 cases (52.2%). It was possible at CT imaging to determine the track of the bullet in up to 62 wounds (72.1%). CT-scan was superior to autopsy in determining two items: face fractures and pneumencephalon. CT scan was of limited value in demonstrating skull base fractures and contusions of the brain. There was good correspondence in demonstrating subarachnoid hemorrhage. CT-scan was accurate to demonstrate presence of gas, either in the pleural cavity (pneumothorax) or in the vessels' lumen (air embolism). Both autopsy and CT-scan were concordant in demonstrating thoracic well injuries, heart lacerations and intra thoracic hemorrhage. CT-scan was far below autopsy in detecting solid organs injuries except for kidneys. The present survey shows that CT-scan is second to none in demonstrating features as pneumencephalon, facial fractures, midline shifts, air embolism, pneumothorax, and pelvic bones fractures. It may contribute to determine the firing range in cases of contact-range and of intermediate range though the firing range assessment remains beyond post-mortem imaging possibilities, at least at the current state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Makhlouf
- Department of Legal Medicine, A. Michallon Hospital, Grenoble, France.
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22
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Bauer C, Guastalla G, Leske J, Möller O, Möller T, Pakarinen J, Pietralla N, Rainovski G, Rapisarda E, Seweryniak D, Stahl C, Stegmann R, Wiederhold J, Zhu S. Level lifetimes and quadrupole moments from Coulomb excitation in the Ba chain and the N = 80 isotones. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123810003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Scolan V, Herry C, Carreta M, Stahl C, Barret L, Romanet JP, Paysant F. Risks of non-lethal weapon use: case studies of three French victims of stinger grenades. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 223:e18-21. [PMID: 22981215 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of non-lethal weapons started in the 1960s. In France, they have been used by the police for about 10 years. We relate the cases of three French women, victims of stinger grenades, non-lethal weapons recently adopted by the French law enforcement to distract and disperse crowds. The three victims presented serious injuries requiring emergency surgical care. One lost her eye. Based on these cases, we discuss the lethal character of these weapons and propose measures to be taken to prevent their dramatic consequences. Although the danger is obviously less than for firearms, stinger grenades are nonetheless potentially lethal and cause serious physical injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Scolan
- University Clinic of Forensic Medicine, Box 217, F-38 043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
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Scolan V, Michard-Lenoir AP, Wroblewski I, Durand C, Stahl C, Paysant F, Peoc'h M. [Problems and advantages of autopsy in the case of out-of-hospital childhood death: report of 2 cases]. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:1196-200. [PMID: 21963071 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In France, the number of deaths remains high in the pediatric population. These deaths are rarely subject to a scientific or forensic autopsy. However, this medical act appears necessary to answer the many private and public questions (public health, prevention, judicial, or even institutional) that can arise. Two pediatric clinical observations raising these questions in the context of a household accident are presented. In the first one, the death led to the establishment of a forensic obstacle to the burial and a forensic autopsy. The autopsy results provided answers, both to the relatives and to the court. The second concerns a deceased child managed within the protocol for sudden infant death syndrome. The autopsy was not authorized by the parents and no answer on the causes of death could be determined. These 2 observations underline the importance and utility of this medical act.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Scolan
- Service de médecine légale clinique, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 09, France.
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25
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May M, Stahl C, Wüst W, Brand M, Allmendinger T, Schmidt B, Uder M, Lell M. Auswirkung halbierter Strahlendosis auf die Bildqualität bei der abdominellen Computertomographie: Ein intraindividueller Vergleich mit iterativen Rekonstruktionen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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May M, Stahl C, Wüst W, Brand M, Allmendinger T, Schmidt B, Uder M, Lell M. Dosisreduktion um 50% in der thorakalen Computertomographie: Bildqualität von gefilterter Rückprojektion und iterativen Rekonstruktionen im intraindividuellen Vergleich. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Stahl C, Dahmen G, Ziegler A, Muhl E. Comparison of automated protocol-based versus non-protocol-based physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00390-009-0061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Schumann S, Stahl C, Steinmann D, Möller K, Guttmann J. The Gliding-SLICE method: an enhanced tool for estimation of intratidal respiratory mechanics. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095258 DOI: 10.1186/cc5364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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29
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Stahl C, Knorpp H, Schumann S, Steinmann D, Möller K, Guttmann J. Pressure dependency of respiratory resistance in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095244 DOI: 10.1186/cc5350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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30
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Moeller K, Sivenova T, Stahl C, Schumann S, Guttmann J. Recruitment/derecruitment models fitted to respiratory data of acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury patients. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095249 DOI: 10.1186/cc5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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31
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Lozano S, Moeller K, Stahl C, Guttmann J. AUTOPILOT-BT: an approach towards automatic mechanical ventilation. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095220 DOI: 10.1186/cc5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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32
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Stahl C, Meißner H, Steinmann D, Mols G, Micelli C, Moeller K, Ranieri M, Guttmann J. Importance of nonlinearities to quantify mechanical pulmonary stress under dynamic conditions: stress index and SLICE method. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095235 DOI: 10.1186/cc5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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33
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Schwenninger D, Moeller K, Stahl C, Schumann S, Guttmann J. Alveolar microscopy: on the automatic determination of alveolar size during ventilation. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095245 DOI: 10.1186/cc5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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34
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Knorpp H, Stahl C, Schumann S, Lichtwarck-Aschoff M, Guttmann J. Nonlinearity of intratidal airway resistance. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095247 DOI: 10.1186/cc5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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35
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Stahl C, Schumann S, Knorpp H, Schneider M, Möller K, Guttmann J. Crit Care 2006; 10:P4. [DOI: 10.1186/cc4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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36
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37
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Schumann S, Krappitz M, Stahl C, Möller K, Hentschel R, Guttmann J. Crit Care 2006; 10:P24. [DOI: 10.1186/cc4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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38
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Möller K, Stahl C, Erdös A, Schumann S, Guttmann J. Crit Care 2006; 10:P12. [DOI: 10.1186/cc4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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39
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Stahl C, Möller K, Schumann S, Brugger J, Guttmann J. Crit Care 2006; 10:P18. [DOI: 10.1186/cc4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Stahl C, Schumann S, Haas C, Möller K, Guttmann J. Crit Care 2006; 10:P36. [DOI: 10.1186/cc4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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41
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Knorpp H, Lichtwarck-aschoff M, Stahl C, Schumann S, Möller K, Guttmann J. Crit Care 2006; 10:P14. [DOI: 10.1186/cc4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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43
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Escard E, Eysseric H, Stahl C, Barret L. Un Suicide par arme À Feu en Trois Temps. Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2002.10757549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the capability of extracorporeal treatments after administration of contrast media to prevent radiocontrast-induced nephropathy is controversial, haemodialysis is performed in many institutions after radiographic procedures. There are conflicting reports on the efficacy of different dialysers and treatment modalities to remove contrast media. METHODS We compared the contrast medium-removing ability of different extracorporeal treatments in a randomized trial. Thirty-nine patients on chronic renal-replacement therapy or with chronic renal failure were randomized to receive low-flux haemodialysis (Low-HD, n=10), high-flux haemodialysis (High-HD, n=10), online haemodiafiltration (HDF, 10 litre substitution, n=10) and online haemofiltration (HF, 18 litre substitution, n=9) after administration of contrast medium during routine radiological procedures. Plasma concentrations of contrast medium (iopromide or iomeprol) were measured by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. RESULTS The extraction ratio for contrast media was 0.64+/-0.1 for Low HD (P<0.05 vs. High-HD and vs. HDF), 0.74+/-0.1 for High-HD (P<0.05 vs. HF), 0.81+/-0.1 for HDF (P<0.05 vs HF), and 0.62+/-0.1 for HF. Mean extracorporeal plasma clearances were 82+/-2 for Low-HD (P<0.05 vs. High-HD and vs HDF), 100+/-2 for High-HD, 115+/-4 for HDF (P<0.05 vs. HF), and 86+/-5 ml/min for HF. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that HDF and High-HD remove contrast media more effectively than Low-HD and HF during the time of each treatment session. However, whether this is also true for the overall elimination of contrast media by these different procedures needs to be addressed in future studies, by a precise assessment of the drug time course after the session.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schindler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Lee JS, Wittchen KD, Stahl C, Strey J, Meinhardt F. Cloning, expression, and carbon catabolite repression of the bamM gene encoding beta-amylase of Bacillus megaterium DSM319. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 56:205-11. [PMID: 11499932 DOI: 10.1007/s002530100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The bamM gene from Bacillus megaterium DSM319 encoding an extracellular beta-amylase was isolated and completely sequenced. Chromosomal inactivation by deletion mutagenesis resulted in total loss of amylolytic activity, indicative of a single starch-degrading enzyme. Functional characterization of the expressed protein revealed a maltogenic enzyme exhibiting optimal activities at pH 7.5 and 50 degrees C. Amylase expression is subject to catabolite repression by glucose. A putative cis-acting catabolite-responsive element (CRE) was identified; it is located within the bamM coding region, matching the position of the predicted signal peptide processing site. Base substitutions introduced by site-directed mutagenesis within the bamM-CRE--retaining unchanged the amino acid sequence--provoked a remarkable relief from carbon catabolite repression (CCR), thereby proving functionality of the CRE for CCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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46
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Stahl C, Kubetzko S, Kaps I, Seeber S, Engelhardt H, Niederweis M. MspA provides the main hydrophilic pathway through the cell wall of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Mol Microbiol 2001; 40:451-64. [PMID: 11309127 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MspA is an extremely stable, oligomeric porin from Mycobacterium smegmatis that forms water-filled channels in vitro. Immunogold electron microscopy and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that MspA is localized in the cell wall. An mspA deletion mutant did not synthesize detectable amounts of mspA mRNA, as revealed by amplification using mspA-specific primers and reverse-transcribed RNA. Detergent extracts of the DeltamspA mutant exhibited a significantly lower porin activity in lipid bilayer experiments and contained about fourfold less porin than extracts of wild-type M. smegmatis. The chromosome of M. smegmatis encodes three proteins very similar to MspA. Sequence analysis of the purified porin revealed that mspB or mspC or both genes are expressed in the DeltamspA mutant. The properties of this porin, such as single channel conductance, extreme stability against denaturation, molecular mass and composition of 20 kDa subunits, are identical to those of MspA. Deletion of mspA reduced the cell wall permeability towards cephaloridine and glucose nine- and fourfold respectively. These results show that MspA is the main general diffusion pathway for hydrophilic molecules in M. smegmatis and was only partially replaced by fewer porins in the cell wall of the DeltamspA mutant [corrected] This is the first experimental evidence that porins are the major determinants of the exceptionally low permeability of mycobacteria to hydrophilic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stahl
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Eickhoff B, Germeroth L, Stahl C, Köhler G, Rüller S, Schlaak M, van der Bosch J. Trichostatin A-mediated regulation of gene expression and protein kinase activities: reprogramming tumor cells for ribotoxic stress-induced apoptosis. Biol Chem 2000; 381:1127-32. [PMID: 11154071 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2000.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently we described a new signal transduction-based tumor therapeutic strategy involving first sensitization of tumor cells by trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylation, and thereafter efficient apoptotic triggering by ribotoxic agents, which activate stress-activated protein kinases. In the present work we investigate the molecular basis of the sensitization step in this therapeutic model system and describe TSA-induced changes in mRNA and protein expression of several candidate genes identified previously by complex hybridization. Furthermore, activities of 15 different protein kinases were followed after TSA application, using a new filter-based technique (PhosphoSpots-Assay). The obtained data suggest that TSA induces pro-apoptotic genes like ID1, ID2, ID3, and down-regulates anti-apoptotic genes like Hsp27 and Bcl-xL, thereby shifting the cellular equilibrium from life to death. Furthermore, activities of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and protein kinase C, which have been assigned pro-apoptotic function in other systems, are induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eickhoff
- Research Center Borstel, Division of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Borstel, Germany
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Mock V, Atkinson A, Barsevick A, Cella D, Cimprich B, Cleeland C, Donnelly J, Eisenberger MA, Escalante C, Hinds P, Jacobsen PB, Kaldor P, Knight SJ, Peterman A, Piper BF, Rugo H, Sabbatini P, Stahl C. NCCN Practice Guidelines for Cancer-Related Fatigue. Oncology (Williston Park) 2000; 14:151-61. [PMID: 11195408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
These guidelines propose a treatment algorithm in which patients are evaluated regularly for fatigue, using a brief screening instrument, and are treated as indicated by their fatigue level. The algorithm's goal is to identify and treat all patients with fatigue that causes distress or interferes with daily activities or functioning. Management of fatigue begins with primary oncology team members who perform the initial screening and either provide basic education and counseling or expand the initial screening to a more focused evaluation for moderate or higher levels of fatigue. At this point the patient is assessed for the five primary factors known to be associated with fatigue: pain, emotional distress, sleep disturbance, anemia, and hypothyroidism. If any of these conditions are present, it should be treated according to practice guidelines, and the patient's fatigue should be reevaluated regularly. If none of the primary factors is present or the fatigue is unresolved, a more comprehensive assessment is indicated--with referral to other care providers as appropriate. The comprehensive assessment should include a thorough review of systems, review of medications, assessment of comorbidities, nutritional/metabolic evaluation, and assessment of activity level. Management of fatigue is cause-specific when conditions known to cause fatigue can be identified and treated. When specific causes, such as infection, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, or cardiac dysfunction, cannot be identified and corrected, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment of the fatigue should be considered. Nonpharmacologic interventions may include a moderate exercise program to improve functional capacity and activity tolerance, restorative therapies to decrease cognitive alterations and improve mood state, and nutritional and sleep interventions for patients with disturbances in eating or sleeping. Pharmacologic therapy may include drugs such as antidepressants for depression or erythropoietin for anemia. A few clinical reports of the use of corticosteroids and psychostimulants suggest the need for further research on these agents as a potential treatment modalities in managing fatigue. Basic to these interventions, the effective management of cancer-related fatigue involves an informed and supportive oncology care team that assesses patients' fatigue levels regularly and systematically and incorporates education and counseling regarding strategies for coping with fatigue (Johnson, 1999), as well as using institutional fatigue management experts for referral of patients with unresolved fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mock
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stahl
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
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50
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Eickhoff B, Rüller S, Laue T, Köhler G, Stahl C, Schlaak M, van der Bosch J. Trichostatin A modulates expression of p21waf1/cip1, Bcl-xL, ID1, ID2, ID3, CRAB2, GATA-2, hsp86 and TFIID/TAFII31 mRNA in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Biol Chem 2000; 381:107-12. [PMID: 10746741 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2000.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma cells treated for 16 h with trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, and untreated cells were analyzed with respect to differential gene expression. Complex hybridization of cDNA arrays revealed repression of Bcl-xL, CRAB2 and TFIID/TAFII31 as well as induction of p21waf1/cip1, GATA-2, hsp86, ID1, ID2 and ID3 mRNA expression, which could be verified by Northern blotting. ID2 induction was further confirmed by Taqman realtime quantitative RT-PCR. The described alterations of gene expression due to TSA renders the lung adenocarcinoma cells susceptible to induction of apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Blotting, Northern
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
- Cyclins/genetics
- DNA, Complementary
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- GATA2 Transcription Factor
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Repressor Proteins
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcription Factor TFIID
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors, TFII/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- bcl-X Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eickhoff
- Research Center Borstel, Division of Experimental Immunopharmacology, Germany
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