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Zhang L, Tang F. Molecular mechanism of Serratia marcescens Bizio infection in Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder based on full-length SMRT transcriptome sequencing. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38328866 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532300072x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder is an important pest in forestry and construction and is widely distributed in China. We found that Serratia marcescens Bizio strain SM1 has insecticidal activity to R. chinensis, but the pathogenic mechanism of SM1 to R. chinensis is not clear. Therefore, full-length transcriptome sequencing was performed on R. chinensis infected with SM1 and the control group. A total of 230 differentially expressed genes were identified by comparing SM1 infection group and the control group, among which 103 were downregulated and 127 were upregulated. We found downregulated genes in nine metabolic pathway categories, among which carbohydrate metabolism had the most downregulated genes, followed by energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. We also found that some downregulated genes were related to pattern recognition receptors, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity, indicating that R. chinensis immunity was negatively affected by SM1 infection. In addition, some genes in signal transduction and genetic information processing pathways were downregulated. In this study, high-throughput full-length transcriptome analysis was used to analyse the pathogenic mechanism of SM1 to R. chinensis. The results of this study provide useful information for exploring the relationship between SM1 and R. chinensis, and provide theoretical support for the future application of SM1 and the prevention and treatment of R. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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2
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Cullen MG, Bliss L, Stanley DA, Carolan JC. Investigating the effects of glyphosate on the bumblebee proteome and microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161074. [PMID: 36566850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides globally. It acts by inhibiting an enzyme in an aromatic amino acid synthesis pathway specific to plants and microbes, leading to the view that it poses no risk to other organisms. However, there is growing concern that glyphosate is associated with health effects in humans and an ever-increasing body of evidence that suggests potential deleterious effects on other animals including pollinating insects such as bees. Although pesticides have long been considered a factor in the decline of wild bee populations, most research on bees has focussed on demonstrating and understanding the effects of insecticides. To assess whether glyphosate poses a risk to bees, we characterised changes in survival, behaviour, sucrose solution consumption, the digestive tract proteome, and the microbiota in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris after chronic exposure to field relevant doses of technical grade glyphosate or the glyphosate-based formulation, RoundUp Optima+®. Regardless of source, there were changes in response to glyphosate exposure in important cellular and physiological processes in the digestive tract of B. terrestris, with proteins associated with oxidative stress regulation, metabolism, cellular adhesion, the extracellular matrix, and various signalling pathways altered. Interestingly, proteins associated with endocytosis, oxidative phosphorylation, the TCA cycle, and carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism were differentially altered depending on whether the exposure source was glyphosate alone or RoundUp Optima+®. In addition, there were alterations to the digestive tract microbiota of bees depending on the glyphosate source No impacts on survival, behaviour, or food consumption were observed. Our research provides insights into the potential mode of action and consequences of glyphosate exposure at the molecular, cellular and organismal level in bumblebees and highlights issues with the current honeybee-centric risk assessment of pesticides and their formulations, where the impact of co-formulants on non-target organisms are generally overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merissa G Cullen
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Liam Bliss
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dara A Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 2, Ireland; Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James C Carolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Diapause-Linked Gene Expression Pattern and Related Candidate Duplicated Genes of the Mountain Butterfly Parnassius glacialis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Revealed by Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065577. [PMID: 36982649 PMCID: PMC10058462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mountain butterfly Parnassius glacialis is a representative species of the genus Parnassius, which probably originated in the high-altitude Qinhai–Tibet Plateau in the Miocene and later dispersed eastward into relatively low-altitude regions of central to eastern China. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the long-term evolutionary adaptation to heterogeneous environmental conditions of this butterfly species. In this study, we obtained the high-throughput RNA-Seq data from twenty-four adult individuals in eight localities, covering nearly all known distributional areas in China, and firstly identified the diapause-linked gene expression pattern that is likely to correlate with local adaptation in adult P. glacialis populations. Secondly, we found a series of pathways responsible for hormone biosynthesis, energy metabolism and immune defense that also exhibited unique enrichment patterns in each group that are probably related to habitat-specific adaptability. Furthermore, we also identified a suite of duplicated genes (including two transposable elements) that are mostly co-expressed to promote the plastic responses to different environmental conditions. Together, these findings can help us to better understand this species’ successful colonization to distinct geographic areas from the western to eastern areas of China, and also provide us with some insights into the evolution of diapause in mountain Parnassius butterfly species.
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Abstract
Winter provides many challenges for insects, including direct injury to tissues and energy drain due to low food availability. As a result, the geographic distribution of many species is tightly coupled to their ability to survive winter. In this review, we summarize molecular processes associated with winter survival, with a particular focus on coping with cold injury and energetic challenges. Anticipatory processes such as cold acclimation and diapause cause wholesale transcriptional reorganization that increases cold resistance and promotes cryoprotectant production and energy storage. Molecular responses to low temperature are also dynamic and include signaling events during and after a cold stressor to prevent and repair cold injury. In addition, we highlight mechanisms that are subject to selection as insects evolve to variable winter conditions. Based on current knowledge, despite common threads, molecular mechanisms of winter survival vary considerably across species, and taxonomic biases must be addressed to fully appreciate the mechanistic basis of winter survival across the insect phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Teets
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA;
| | - Katie E Marshall
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie A Reynolds
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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5
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Yang F, Crossley MS, Schrader L, Dubovskiy IM, Wei SJ, Zhang R. Polygenic adaptation contributes to the invasive success of the Colorado potato beetle. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5568-5580. [PMID: 35984732 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
How invasive species cope with novel selective pressures with limited genetic variation is a fundamental question in molecular ecology. Several mechanisms have been proposed, but they can lack generality. Here, we addressed an alternative solution, polygenic adaptation, wherein traits that arise from multiple combinations of loci may be less sensitive to loss of variation during invasion. We tested the polygenic signal of environmental adaptation of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) introduced in Eurasia. Population genomic analyses showed declining genetic diversity in the eastward expansion of Eurasian populations, and weak population genetic structure (except for the invasion fronts in Asia). Demographic history showed that all populations shared a strong bottleneck about 100 years ago when CPB was introduced to Europe. Genome scans revealed a suite of genes involved in activity regulation functions that are plausibly related to cold stress, including some well-founded functions (e.g., the activity of phosphodiesterase, the G-protein regulator) and discrete functions. Such polygenic architecture supports the hypothesis that polygenic adaptation and potentially genetic redundancy can fuel the adaptation of CPB despite strong genetic depletion, thus representing a promising general mechanism for resolving the genetic paradox of invasion. More broadly, most complex traits based on polygenes may be less sensitive to invasive bottlenecks, thus ensuring the evolutionary success of invasive species in novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Michael S Crossley
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Lukas Schrader
- Institute for Evolution & Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan M Dubovskiy
- Laboratory of Biological Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Runzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kleiner FH, Helliwell KE, Chrachri A, Hopes A, Parry-Wilson H, Gaikwad T, Mieszkowska N, Mock T, Wheeler GL, Brownlee C. Cold-induced [Ca2+]cyt elevations function to support osmoregulation in marine diatoms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1384-1399. [PMID: 35894667 PMCID: PMC9516774 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are a group of microalgae that are important primary producers in a range of open ocean, freshwater, and intertidal environments. The latter can experience substantial long- and short-term variability in temperature, from seasonal variations to rapid temperature shifts caused by tidal immersion and emersion. As temperature is a major determinant in the distribution of diatom species, their temperature sensory and response mechanisms likely have important roles in their ecological success. We examined the mechanisms diatoms use to sense rapid changes in temperature, such as those experienced in the intertidal zone. We found that the diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana exhibit a transient cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation in response to rapid cooling, similar to those observed in plant and animal cells. However, [Ca2+]cyt elevations were not observed in response to rapid warming. The kinetics and magnitude of cold-induced [Ca2+]cyt elevations corresponded with the rate of temperature decrease. We did not find a role for the [Ca2+]cyt elevations in enhancing cold tolerance but showed that cold shock induces a Ca2+-dependent K+ efflux and reduces mortality of P. tricornutum during a simultaneous hypo-osmotic shock. As intertidal diatom species may routinely encounter simultaneous cold and hypo-osmotic shocks during tidal cycles, we propose that cold-induced Ca2+ signaling interacts with osmotic signaling pathways to aid in the regulation of cell volume. Our findings provide insight into the nature of temperature perception in diatoms and highlight that cross-talk between signaling pathways may play an important role in their cellular responses to multiple simultaneous stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich H Kleiner
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Katherine E Helliwell
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Abdul Chrachri
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Amanda Hopes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Hannah Parry-Wilson
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Trupti Gaikwad
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Nova Mieszkowska
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Liu Q, Luo D, Wang M, Song X, Ye X, Jashenko R, Ji R. Transcriptome analysis of the response to low temperature acclimation in Calliptamus italicus eggs. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:482. [PMID: 35778687 PMCID: PMC9248191 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calliptamus italicus is a dominant species in the desert and semi-desert grassland. It is widely distributed throughout many regions such as Asia, Europe, North Africa and the Mediterranean, and has enormous destructive potential for agriculture and animal husbandry. The C. italicus overwintering as eggs in the soil through diapause, and the cold tolerance of locust eggs is the key to their ability to survive the winter smoothly to maintain the population. Results Transcriptome analysis of C. italicus eggs was carried out in this paper in constant low temperature acclimation, natural low temperature acclimation and room temperature. The differentially expressed genes related to cold tolerance were screened out, the differences in expression patterns under different low temperature acclimation were analyzed, and the genes in the significantly up-regulated pathways may play an important role in cold tolerance. The results show that different domestication modes can induce C. italicus eggs to express a large number of genes to alleviate low temperature damage, but C. italicus eggs are more sensitive to changes in temperature. Compared with the control, there are 8689 DEGs at constant low temperature and 14,994 DEGs at natural low temperature. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to metabolism and biological systems under constant low temperature, and were mainly enriched in pathways related to biological systems and environmental information processing under natural low temperature. In addition, RNAi technology was used to further verify the regulation of genes in the significantly enriched up-regulated pathways on C. italicus eggs, and it was confirmed that the hatching rate of C. italicus eggs at low temperature was significantly reduced after interference. Conclusions Transcriptome analysis of C. italicus eggs treated at different temperatures provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the adaptation mechanism of C. italicus eggs to low temperature. In addition, four potential RNAi target genes were verified in the eggs of C. italicus for the first time, providing new ideas for effective control of this species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08705-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Di Luo
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Mengjia Wang
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Xingmin Song
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Roman Jashenko
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050038
| | - Rong Ji
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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8
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Treanore ED, Amsalem E. Examining the individual and additive effects of cold storage and CO 2 narcosis on queen survival and reproduction in bumble bees. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 139:104394. [PMID: 35413337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diapause is a pre-programmed arrest of development allowing insects to survive in unfavorable environments. In adult insects, diapause termination is often followed by a reallocation of macronutrients and a transition to reproduction, and in some insects, this transition can be achieved using narcosis with CO2. However, whether CO2narcosis and diapause act in concert to affect reproduction remains unknown. Here, we investigated the separated and combined effects of diapause and CO2on female reproduction in queens of the common eastern bumble bee Bombus impatiens. Queens were treated with CO2 following a cold storage period (zero days, two weeks, two and four months) and were compared with untreated queens at the same timepoints for survival, colony initiation, egg-laying latency, and offspring production. We found that both CO2 and a period of at least two months in cold storage induced a transition to egg laying in gynes, and as expected, survival decreased with cold storage length. When CO2 and cold storage were combined, CO2narcosis positively affected egg laying in the earlier timepoints but its impact diminished following a longer cold storage. These data suggest that the impacts of CO2narcosis and cold storage are partially additive, and application of CO2 is effective only after a short cold storage. It further demonstrates that CO2 has complex effects on insect reproduction that are independent from diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Treanore
- Department of Entomology, Center for Chemical Ecology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Etya Amsalem
- Department of Entomology, Center for Chemical Ecology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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9
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Agwunobi DO, Pei T, Bai R, Wang Z, Shi X, Zhang M, Yu Z, Liu J. miR-2a and miR-279 are functionally associated with cold tolerance in Dermacentor silvarum (Acari: Ixodidae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 41:100946. [PMID: 34872025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites that can attack mammals, birds, reptiles as well as amphibians. Dermacentor silvarum, an important vector of various pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoans, is widely distributed in China. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nucleotide non-coding small RNA molecules, involved in the regulation of various physiological and cellular processes. Previous studies demonstrated the vital roles of miRNAs during the reproduction and development of ticks, whereas, the regulatory/functional roles of microRNAs during the cold response of ticks remain unexplored. Here, we identified and functionally explored D. silvarum miRNAs involved in cold response to gain further understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying cold stress in ticks. The microRNA libraries of D. silvarum were established via high-throughput sequencing after exposure to different cold treatments. A total of 147 miRNAs, including 44 known miRNAs and 103 new miRNAs, were identified. The verification of six highly differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-2a, miR-5305, miR-7, miR-279, miR-993, and novel-3) via RT-qPCR were consistent with the high-throughput sequence results. miR-2a peaked by day 6 and miR-279 expression was lowest by day 3 after cold treatment. The potential target genes of miR-2a and miR-279 were the glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) gene and serine gene, respectively. After injecting D. silvarum ticks with miR-2a and miR-279 antagonists, their respective target genes were up-regulated and vice-versa after injection with the agonists. These results indicated that these two miRNAs and their target genes may be involved in the cold response of D. silvarum ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond O Agwunobi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Tingwei Pei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Ruwei Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xinyue Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
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10
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Qi X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Cao S, Xu P, Ren X, Mansour A, Niu C. Transcriptome analysis uncovers different avenues for manipulating cold performance in Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera, Calliphoridae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:1-12. [PMID: 35225171 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature strongly impacts the rates of physiological and biochemical processes, which in turn can determine the survival and population size of insects. At low temperatures performance is limited, however, cold tolerance and performance at low temperature can be improved after short- or long-term acclimation in many insect species. To understand mechanisms underlying acclimation, we sequenced and compared the transcriptome of the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala under rapid cold hardening (RCH) and long-term cold acclimation (LCA) conditions. The RCH response was dominated by genes related to immune response, spliceosome, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum with up-regulation during recovery from RCH. In contrast, LCA was associated with genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and cytoskeleton branching and stabilizing. Meanwhile, mRNA levels of genes related to glycerophospholipid metabolism, and some heat shock proteins (Hsps) were collectively up-regulated by both RCH and LCA. There were more genes and pathway adjustments associated with LCA than RCH. Overall, the transcriptome data provide basic information of molecular mechanisms underpinning the RCH and LCA response. The partly independent molecular responses to RCH and LCA suggest that several avenues for manipulating cold performance exist and RCH might be more effective as it only triggers fewer genes and affects the general metabolisms less. These observations provide some appropriate methods to improve cold tolerance of C. megacephala, and hold promise for developing an extended use of mass-reared C. megacephala with better cold performance as a pollinator of crops at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Guijian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Penghui Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Xueming Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Abdelaziz Mansour
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613Giza, Egypt
| | - Changying Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, China
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A Comparative Perspective on Functionally-Related, Intracellular Calcium Channels: The Insect Ryanodine and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071031. [PMID: 34356655 PMCID: PMC8301844 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is vital for insect development and metabolism, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major intracellular reservoir for Ca2+. The inositol 1,4,5- triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) are large homotetrameric channels associated with the ER and serve as two major actors in ER-derived Ca2+ supply. Most of the knowledge on these receptors derives from mammalian systems that possess three genes for each receptor. These studies have inspired work on synonymous receptors in insects, which encode a single IP3R and RyR. In the current review, we focus on a fundamental, common question: “why do insect cells possess two Ca2+ channel receptors in the ER?”. Through a comparative approach, this review covers the discovery of RyRs and IP3Rs, examines their structures/functions, the pathways that they interact with, and their potential as target sites in pest control. Although insects RyRs and IP3Rs share structural similarities, they are phylogenetically distinct, have their own structural organization, regulatory mechanisms, and expression patterns, which explains their functional distinction. Nevertheless, both have great potential as target sites in pest control, with RyRs currently being targeted by commercial insecticide, the diamides.
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12
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Himmel NJ, Letcher JM, Sakurai A, Gray TR, Benson MN, Donaldson KJ, Cox DN. Identification of a neural basis for cold acclimation in Drosophila larvae. iScience 2021; 24:102657. [PMID: 34151240 PMCID: PMC8192725 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperatures can be fatal to insects, but many species have evolved the ability to cold acclimate, thereby increasing their cold tolerance. It has been previously shown that Drosophila melanogaster larvae perform cold-evoked behaviors under the control of noxious cold-sensing neurons (nociceptors), but it is unknown how the nervous system might participate in cold tolerance. Herein, we describe cold-nociceptive behavior among 11 drosophilid species; we find that the predominant cold-evoked larval response is a head-to-tail contraction behavior, which is likely inherited from a common ancestor, but is unlikely to be protective. We therefore tested the hypothesis that cold nociception functions to protect larvae by triggering cold acclimation. We found that Drosophila melanogaster Class III nociceptors are sensitized by and critical to cold acclimation and that cold acclimation can be optogenetically evoked, sans cold. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that cold nociception constitutes a peripheral neural basis for Drosophila larval cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Himmel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jamin M Letcher
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Akira Sakurai
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Thomas R Gray
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Maggie N Benson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Kevin J Donaldson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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13
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Zhang B, Han HB, Xu LB, Li YR, Song MX, Liu AP. Transcriptomic analysis of diapause-associated genes in Exorista civilis Rondani (Diptera:Tachinidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 107:e21789. [PMID: 33860960 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exorista civilis Rondani (Diptera:Tachinidae) is an excellent dominant parasitic enemy all over the world. But there has been a lack of research on the molecular regulation of diapause in E. civilis. To investigate the important diapause-associated genes and metabolic pathways in E. civilis, we can provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the molecular mechanism of diapause at the transcriptome level. The Illumina HiSeq. 2000 platform was used to perform transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the non-diapause and diapause pupae of E. civilis. 58,050 unigenes were successfully assembled, in which 4355 upregulated and 3158 downregulated unigenes were differentially expressed. Moreover, by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments, 896 kinds of the differentially expressed genes were specifically analyzed and showed that diapause-associated genes were related to be involved in the pathways of cold resistance, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, these upregulated five genes showed the same trends of expression patterns between quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and RNA-Seq. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the diapausing molecular mechanisms of E. civilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Research Center for Quality, Safety and Risk Assessment of Grass and Livestock Products, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Bin Han
- Research Center for Quality, Safety and Risk Assessment of Grass and Livestock Products, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin-Bo Xu
- Research Center for Quality, Safety and Risk Assessment of Grass and Livestock Products, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan-Ru Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mi-Xia Song
- Research Center for Quality, Safety and Risk Assessment of Grass and Livestock Products, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liu
- Research Center for Quality, Safety and Risk Assessment of Grass and Livestock Products, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
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14
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Doğan C, Hänniger S, Heckel DG, Coutu C, Hegedus DD, Crubaugh L, Groves RL, Mutlu DA, Suludere Z, Bayram Ş, Toprak U. Characterization of calcium signaling proteins from the fat body of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Implications for diapause and lipid metabolism. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 133:103549. [PMID: 33610660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) regulates many cellular and physiological processes from development to reproduction. Ca2+ is also an important factor in the metabolism of lipids, the primary energy source used during insect starvation and diapause. Ca2+ signaling proteins bind to Ca2+ and maintain intracellular Ca2+ levels. However, knowledge about Ca2+ signaling proteins is mostly restricted to the model Drosophila melanogaster and the response of Ca2+ signaling genes to starvation or diapause is not known. In this study, we identified three Ca2+ signaling proteins; the primary Ca2+ binding protein Calmodulin (LdCaM), phosphatase Calcineurin B (LdCaNB), and the senescence marker protein Regucalcin (LdRgN), from the fat body of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This insect is a major pest of potato worldwide and overwinters under hibernation diapause as adults while utilizing lipids as the primary energy source. Putative EF-hand domains involved in Ca2+ binding were present in LdCaM, LdCaNB, but absent in LdRgN. LdCaM and LdCaNB were expressed in multiple tissues, while LdRgN was primarily expressed in the fat body. LdCaM was constitutively-expressed throughout larval development and at the adult stage. LdCaNB was primarily expressed in feeding larvae, and LdRgN in both feeding larvae and adults at comparable levels; however, both genes were down-regulated by molting. A response to starvation was observed only for LdRgN. Transcript abundance analysis in the entire body in relation to diapause revealed differential regulation with a general suppression during diapause, and higher mRNA levels in favor of females at post-diapause for LdCaM, and in favor of males at non-diapause for LdCaNB. Fat body-specific transcript abundance was not different between non-diapause and post-diapause for LdCaNB, but both LdCaM and LdRgN were down-regulated in males and both sexes, respectively by post-diapause. Silencing LdCaNB or LdRgN in larvae led to decreased fat content, indicating their involvement in lipid accumulation, while RNAi of LdCaM led to lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Doğan
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Jena, Germany; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Jena, Germany
| | - Cathy Coutu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Linda Crubaugh
- Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Russell L Groves
- Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Zekiye Suludere
- Gazi University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şerife Bayram
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Toprak
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Li F, Long Y, Xie J, Ren J, Zhou T, Song G, Li Q, Cui Z. Generation of GCaMP6s-Expressing Zebrafish to Monitor Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Calcium Signaling Elicited by Heat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115551. [PMID: 34074030 PMCID: PMC8197303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of organisms to quickly sense and transduce signals of environmental stresses is critical for their survival. Ca2+ is a versatile intracellular messenger involved in sensing a wide variety of stresses and regulating the subsequent cellular responses. So far, our understanding for calcium signaling was mostly obtained from ex vivo tissues and cultured cell lines, and the in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of stress-triggered calcium signaling in a vertebrate remains to be characterized. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a transgenic zebrafish line with ubiquitous expression of GCaMP6s, a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI). We developed a method to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of Ca2+ events induced by heat stress. Exposure to heat stress elicited immediate and transient calcium signaling in developing zebrafish. Cells extensively distributed in the integument of the head and body trunk were the first batch of responders and different cell populations demonstrated distinct response patterns upon heat stress. Activity of the heat stress-induced calcium signaling peaked at 30 s and swiftly decreased to near the basal level at 120 s after the beginning of exposure. Inhibition of the heat-induced calcium signaling by LaCl3 and capsazepine and treatment with the inhibitors for CaMKII (Ca²2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and HSF1 (Heat shock factor 1) all significantly depressed the enhanced heat shock response (HSR). Together, we delineated the spatiotemporal dynamics of heat-induced calcium signaling and confirmed functions of the Ca2+-CaMKII-HSF1 pathway in regulating the HSR in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: , (Y.L.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-27-68780100 (Y.L.); +86-27-68780090 (Z.C.)
| | - Juhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
| | - Tong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (J.X.); (T.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zongbin Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: , (Y.L.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-27-68780100 (Y.L.); +86-27-68780090 (Z.C.)
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16
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Kon N, Wang HT, Kato YS, Uemoto K, Kawamoto N, Kawasaki K, Enoki R, Kurosawa G, Nakane T, Sugiyama Y, Tagashira H, Endo M, Iwasaki H, Iwamoto T, Kume K, Fukada Y. Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger mediates cold Ca 2+ signaling conserved for temperature-compensated circadian rhythms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabe8132. [PMID: 33931447 PMCID: PMC8087402 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are based on biochemical oscillations generated by clock genes/proteins, which independently evolved in animals, fungi, plants, and cyanobacteria. Temperature compensation of the oscillation speed is a common feature of the circadian clocks, but the evolutionary-conserved mechanism has been unclear. Here, we show that Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) mediates cold-responsive Ca2+ signaling important for the temperature-compensated oscillation in mammalian cells. In response to temperature decrease, NCX elevates intracellular Ca2+, which activates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and accelerates transcriptional oscillations of clock genes. The cold-responsive Ca2+ signaling is conserved among mice, Drosophila, and Arabidopsis The mammalian cellular rhythms and Drosophila behavioral rhythms were severely attenuated by NCX inhibition, indicating essential roles of NCX in both temperature compensation and autonomous oscillation. NCX also contributes to the temperature-compensated transcriptional rhythms in cyanobacterial clock. Our results suggest that NCX-mediated Ca2+ signaling is a common mechanism underlying temperature-compensated circadian rhythms both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hsin-Tzu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki S Kato
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kyouhei Uemoto
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kawamoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Koji Kawasaki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Enoki
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuto Nakane
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sugiyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tagashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Motomu Endo
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hideo Iwasaki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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17
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Abboud J, Green SR, Smolinski MB, Storey KB. Regulation of an important glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, through phosphorylation in the larvae of a species of freeze-tolerant insect, Eurosta solidaginis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:176-187. [PMID: 33280175 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, rely on a freeze tolerance strategy to survive the sub-zero temperatures of Canadian winter. Critical to their survival is the accumulation of polyol cryoprotectants and global metabolic rate depression, both of which require the regulation of glycolysis and reorganization of carbohydrate metabolism. This study explored the role that pyruvate kinase (PK) regulation plays in this metabolic reorganization. PK was purified from control (5 °C-acclimated) and frozen (-15 °C-acclimated) larvae and enzyme kinetic properties, structural stability, and post-translational modifications were examined in both enzyme forms. The Km phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) of frozen PK was 20% higher than that of control PK, whereas the Vmax of frozen PK was up to 50% lower than that of control PK at the lowest assay temperature, suggesting inhibition of the enzyme during the winter. Additionally, the activity and substrate affinity of both forms of PK decreased significantly at low assay temperatures, and both forms were regulated allosterically by a number of metabolites. Pro-Q™ Diamond phosphoprotein staining and immunoblotting experiments demonstrated significantly higher threonine phosphorylation of PK from frozen animals while acetylation and methylation levels remained constant. Together, these results indicate that PK exists in two structurally distinct forms in E. solidaginis. In response to conditions mimicking the transition to winter, PK appears to be regulated to support metabolic rate depression, the accumulation of polyol cryoprotectants, and the need for extended periods of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism to allow the animal to survive whole-body freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abboud
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S R Green
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M B Smolinski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Characterization of Biological Pathways Regulating Acute Cold Resistance of Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063028. [PMID: 33809683 PMCID: PMC8001686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature stress represents a major threat to the lives of both farmed and wild fish species. However, biological pathways determining the development of cold resistance in fish remain largely unknown. Zebrafish larvae at 96 hpf were exposed to lethal cold stress (10 °C) for different time periods to evaluate the adverse effects at organism, tissue and cell levels. Time series RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments were performed to delineate the transcriptomic landscape of zebrafish larvae under cold stress and during the subsequent rewarming phase. The genes regulated by cold stress were characterized by progressively enhanced or decreased expression, whereas the genes associated with rewarming were characterized by rapid upregulation upon return to normal temperature (28 °C). Genes such as trib3, dusp5 and otud1 were identified as the representative molecular markers of cold-induced damages through network analysis. Biological pathways involved in cold stress responses were mined from the transcriptomic data and their functions in regulating cold resistance were validated using specific inhibitors. The autophagy, FoxO and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways were revealed to be survival pathways for enhancing cold resistance, while apoptosis and necroptosis were the death pathways responsible for cold-induced mortality. Functional mechanisms of the survival-enhancing factors Foxo1, ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and p38 MAPK were further characterized by inhibiting their activities upon cold stress and analyzing gene expression though RNA-seq. These factors were demonstrated to determine the cold resistance of zebrafish through regulating apoptosis and p53 signaling pathway. These findings have provided novel insights into the stress responses elicited by lethal cold and shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying cold resistance of fish.
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19
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Zhao D, Zheng C, Shi F, Xu Y, Zong S, Tao J. Expression analysis of genes related to cold tolerance in Dendroctonus valens. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10864. [PMID: 33854828 PMCID: PMC7953874 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pine beetles are well known in North America for their widespread devastation of pine forests. However, Dendroctonus valens LeConte is an important invasive forest pest in China also. Adults and larvae of this bark beetle mainly winter at the trunks and roots of Pinus tabuliformis and Pinus sylvestris; larvae, in particular, result in pine weakness or even death. Since the species was introduced from the United States to Shanxi in 1998, its distribution has spread northward. In 2017, it invaded a large area at the junction of Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Hebei provinces, showing strong cold tolerance. To identify genes relevant to cold tolerance and the process of overwintering, we sequenced the transcriptomes of wintering and non-wintering adult and larval D. valens using the Illumina HiSeq platform. Differential expression analysis methods for other non-model organisms were used to compare transcript abundances in adults and larvae at two time periods, followed by the identification of functions and metabolic pathways related to genes associated with cold tolerance. We detected 4,387 and 6,091 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sampling dates in larvae and adults, respectively, and 1,140 common DEGs, including genes encoding protein phosphatase, very long-chain fatty acids protein, cytochrome P450, and putative leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins. In a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, 1,140 genes were assigned to 44 terms, with significant enrichment for cellulase activity, hydrolase activity, and carbohydrate metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) classification and enrichment analyses showed that the lysosomal and purine metabolism pathways involved the most DEGs, the highly enriched terms included autophagy-animal, pentose and glucuronate interconversions and lysosomal processes. We identified 140 candidate genes associated with cold tolerance, including genes with established roles in this trait (e.g., genes encoding trehalose transporter, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and trehalase). Our comparative transcriptome analysis of adult and larval D. valens in different conditions provides basic data for the discovery of key genes and molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yabei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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20
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Zhang B, Zhao L, Ning J, Wickham JD, Tian H, Zhang X, Yang M, Wang X, Sun J. miR-31-5p regulates cold acclimation of the wood-boring beetle Monochamus alternatus via ascaroside signaling. BMC Biol 2020; 18:184. [PMID: 33246464 PMCID: PMC7697373 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival to cold stress in insects living in temperate environments requires the deployment of strategies that lead to physiological changes involved in freeze tolerance or freeze avoidance. These strategies may consist of, for instance, the induction of metabolic depression, accumulation of cryoprotectants, or the production of antifreeze proteins, however, little is known about the way such mechanisms are regulated and the signals involved in their activation. Ascarosides are signaling molecules usually known to regulate nematode behavior and development, whose expression was recently found to relate to thermal plasticity in the Japanese pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus. Accumulating evidence also points to miRNAs as another class of regulators differentially expressed in response to cold stress, which are predicted to target genes involved in cold adaptation of insects. Here, we demonstrate a novel pathway involved in insect cold acclimation, through miRNA-mediated regulation of ascaroside function. RESULTS We initially discovered that experimental cold acclimation can enhance the beetle's cold hardiness. Through screening and functional verification, we found miR-31-5p, upregulated under cold stress, significantly contributes to this enhancement. Mechanistically, miR-31-5p promotes production of an ascaroside (asc-C9) in the beetle by negatively targeting the rate-limiting enzyme, acyl-CoA oxidase in peroxisomal β-oxidation cycles. Feeding experiments with synthetic asc-C9 suggests it may serve as a signal to promote cold acclimation through metabolic depression and accumulation of cryoprotectants with specific gene expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to important roles of miRNA-mediated regulation of ascaroside function in insect cold adaptation. This enhanced cold tolerance may allow higher survival of M. alternatus in winter and be pivotal in shaping its wide distribution range, greatly expanding the threat of pine wilt disease, and thus can also inspire the development of ascaroside-based pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Jing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haokai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangming Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
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21
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Garcia MJ, Littler AS, Sriram A, Teets NM. Distinct cold tolerance traits independently vary across genotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 2020; 74:1437-1450. [PMID: 32463118 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cold tolerance, the ability to cope with low temperature stress, is a critical adaptation in thermally variable environments. An individual's cold tolerance comprises several traits including minimum temperatures for growth and activity, ability to survive severe cold, and ability to resume normal function after cold subsides. Across species, these traits are correlated, suggesting they were shaped by shared evolutionary processes or possibly share physiological mechanisms. However, the extent to which cold tolerance traits and their associated mechanisms covary within populations has not been assessed. We measured five cold tolerance traits-critical thermal minimum, chill coma recovery, short- and long-term cold tolerance, and cold-induced changes in locomotor behavior-along with cold-induced expression of two genes with possible roles in cold tolerance (heat shock protein 70 and frost)-across 12 lines of Drosophila melanogaster derived from a single population. We observed significant genetic variation in all traits, but few were correlated across genotypes, and these correlations were sex-specific. Further, cold-induced gene expression varied by genotype, but there was no evidence supporting our hypothesis that cold-hardy lines would have either higher baseline expression or induction of stress genes. These results suggest cold tolerance traits possess unique mechanisms and have the capacity to evolve independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Garcia
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546
| | - Aerianna S Littler
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546
| | - Aditya Sriram
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546
| | - Nicholas M Teets
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546
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22
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Jackson JM, Pimsler ML, Oyen KJ, Strange JP, Dillon ME, Lozier JD. Local adaptation across a complex bioclimatic landscape in two montane bumble bee species. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:920-939. [PMID: 32031739 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding evolutionary responses to variation in temperature and precipitation across species ranges is of fundamental interest given ongoing climate change. The importance of temperature and precipitation for multiple aspects of bumble bee (Bombus) biology, combined with large geographic ranges that expose populations to diverse environmental pressures, make these insects well-suited for studying local adaptation. Here, we analyzed genome-wide sequence data from two widespread bumble bees, Bombus vosnesenskii and Bombus vancouverensis, using multiple environmental association analysis methods to investigate climate adaptation across latitude and altitude. The strongest signatures of selection were observed in B. vancouverensis, but despite unique responses between species for most loci, we detected several shared responses. Genes relating to neural and neuromuscular function and ion transport were especially evident with respect to temperature variables, while genes relating to cuticle formation, tracheal and respiratory system development, and homeostasis were associated with precipitation variables. Our data thus suggest that adaptive responses for tolerating abiotic variation are likely to be complex, but that several parallels among species can emerge even for these complex traits and landscapes. Results provide the framework for future work into mechanisms of thermal and desiccation tolerance in bumble bees and a set of genomic targets that might be monitored for future conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Meaghan L Pimsler
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Kennan J Oyen
- Department of Zoology & Physiology and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James P Strange
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael E Dillon
- Department of Zoology & Physiology and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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23
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Teets NM, Gantz JD, Kawarasaki Y. Rapid cold hardening: ecological relevance, physiological mechanisms and new perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/3/jeb203448. [PMID: 32051174 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is a type of phenotypic plasticity that allows ectotherms to quickly enhance cold tolerance in response to brief chilling (lasting minutes to hours). In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of this important phenotype and provide new directions for research. As one of the fastest adaptive responses to temperature known, RCH allows ectotherms to cope with sudden cold snaps and to optimize their performance during diurnal cooling cycles. RCH and similar phenotypes have been observed across a diversity of ectotherms, including crustaceans, terrestrial arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. In addition to its well-defined role in enhancing survival to extreme cold, RCH also protects against nonlethal cold injury by preserving essential functions following cold stress, such as locomotion, reproduction, and energy balance. The capacity for RCH varies across species and across genotypes of the same species, indicating that RCH can be shaped by selection and is likely favored in thermally variable environments. Mechanistically, RCH is distinct from other rapid stress responses in that it typically does not involve synthesis of new gene products; rather, the existing cellular machinery regulates RCH through post-translational signaling mechanisms. However, the protective mechanisms that enhance cold hardiness are largely unknown. We provide evidence that RCH can be induced by multiple triggers in addition to low temperature, and that rapidly induced tolerance and cross-tolerance to a variety of environmental stressors may be a general feature of stress responses that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Teets
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - J D Gantz
- Biology Department, Hendrix College, Conway, AK 72032, USA
| | - Yuta Kawarasaki
- Department of Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA
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24
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Nadeau EAW, Teets NM. Evidence for a rapid cold hardening response in cultured Drosophila S2 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.212613. [PMID: 31862846 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.212613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to quickly respond to changes in environmental temperature is critical for organisms living in thermally variable environments. To cope with sudden drops in temperature, insects and other ectotherms are capable of rapid cold hardening (RCH), in which mild chilling significantly enhances cold tolerance within minutes. While the ecological significance of RCH is well established, the mechanisms underlying RCH are still poorly understood. Previous work has demonstrated that RCH is regulated at the cellular level by post-translational signaling mechanisms, and here we tested the hypothesis that cultured cells are capable of RCH. A 2 h cold shock at -8°C significantly reduced the metabolic viability of Drosophila S2 cells, but pre-treatment with RCH at 4°C for 2 h prevented this decrease in viability. Thus, S2 cells are capable of RCH in a similar manner to whole insects and provide a new system for investigating the cell biology of RCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A W Nadeau
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Nicholas M Teets
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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25
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Yan J, Long Y, Zhou T, Ren J, Li Q, Song G, Cui Z. Dynamic Phosphoproteome Profiling of Zebrafish Embryonic Fibroblasts during Cold Acclimation. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900257. [PMID: 31826332 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Temperature affects almost all aspects of the fish life. To cope with low temperature, fish have evolved the ability of cold acclimation for survival. However, intracellular signaling events underlying cold acclimation in fish remain largely unknown. Here, the formation of cold acclimation in zebrafish embryonic fibroblasts (ZF4) is monitored and the phosphorylation events during the process are investigated through a large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomic approach. In total, 11 474 phosphorylation sites are identified on 4066 proteins and quantified 5772 phosphosites on 2519 proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine (Ser/Thr/Tyr) phosphorylation accounted for 85.5%, 13.3%, and 1.2% of total phosphosites, respectively. Among all phosphosites, 702 phosphosites on 510 proteins show differential regulation during cold acclimation of ZF4 cells. These phosphosites are divided into six clusters according to their dynamic changes during cold exposure. Kinase-substrate prediction reveals that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) among the kinase groups is predominantly responsible for phosphorylation of these phosphosites. The differentially regulated phosphoproteins are functionally associated with various cellular processes such as regulation of actin cytoskeleton and MAPK signaling pathway. These data enrich the database of protein phosphorylation sites in zebrafish and provide key clues for the elucidation of intracellular signaling networks during cold acclimation of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, 430072, China
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26
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Kawarasaki Y, Welle AM, Elnitsky MA. Is rapid cold-hardening an aerobic process? Characterization of changes in metabolic activity during its induction and effects of anoxia in flesh fly. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 120:103996. [PMID: 31837292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid cold-hardening (RCH) is a type of phenotypic plasticity that promotes a swift improvement of cold tolerance in insects. A brief exposure to mild cold dramatically increases insect survival to a subsequent cold exposure that would be lethal otherwise. In adult male flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, as little as 15 min at 5 °C significantly improved organismal survival at -7°C from 0 to 66.7 ± 11.1%. In this study, we investigated whether this RCH response is an aerobic process in S. bullata by characterizing changes in metabolic activity during its induction. At the level of whole organism, CO2 production continued at a level above our detection limit, and a relatively greater rate was observed during the early phase before it stabilized after ~1 h of the RCH induction. Similarly, in isolated flight muscle tissues, those maintained at 5 °C for 10 min exhibited significantly greater rates of oxygen consumption, compared to those maintained at 5 °C for 1 h (2.82 ± 0.29 vs. 1.36 ± 0.22 μl O2 mg-1 DM h-1). When these tissues were exposed to LaCl3, a treatment that should inhibit RCH ex vivo, oxygen consumption rates of the muscles were reduced significantly to a level similar to those that had been maintained at 5 °C for 1 h. Interestingly, however, the RCH response was still evident among individuals exposed to chilling under anoxia. Compared to those exposed to anoxia for 30 min only at 25 °C, flies exposed to 5 °C for 2 h under anoxia following the initial exposure exhibited a significantly greater level of cold tolerance at -7.5 °C (41.7 ± 7.1 vs. 91.8 ± 3.9%). Our results suggest that while relatively greater rates of metabolic activity are associated with the early phase of the RCH induction, it can proceed under the anoxic condition, thereby suggesting its independence to aerobic respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kawarasaki
- Department of Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA.
| | - Alyssa M Welle
- Department of Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA
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27
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Dillon ME, Lozier JD. Adaptation to the abiotic environment in insects: the influence of variability on ecophysiology and evolutionary genomics. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 36:131-139. [PMID: 31698151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in tools to gather environmental, phenotypic, and molecular data have accelerated our ability to detect abiotic drivers of variation across the genome-to-phenome spectrum in model and non-model insects. However, differences in the spatial and temporal resolution of these data sets may create gaps in our understanding of linkages between environment, genotype, and phenotype that yield missed or misleading results about adaptive variation. In this review we highlight sources of variability that might impact studies of phenotypic and 'omic environmental adaptation, challenges to collecting data at relevant scales, and possible solutions that link intensive fine-scale reductionist studies of mechanisms to large-scale biogeographic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Dillon
- Department of Zoology & Physiology and Program in Ecology, The University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
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28
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Dong YC, Chen ZZ, Clarke AR, Niu CY. Changes in Energy Metabolism Trigger Pupal Diapause Transition of Bactrocera minax After 20-Hydroxyecdysone Application. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1288. [PMID: 31736767 PMCID: PMC6831740 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct timing of diapause entry and exit is critical for a species' survival. While many aspects of insect diapause are well-studied, the mechanisms underlying diapause termination remain largely unknown. The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a univoltine insect with an obligatory pupal diapause. The application of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is known to terminate diapause in B. minax, and we used this approach, along with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation technology, to determine the proteins associated with diapause termination in this fly. Among 2,258 identified proteins, 1,169 proteins significantly differed at 1, 2, and 5 days post-injection of 20E, compared with the solvent-injected control group. Functional annotation revealed that the majority of differentially expressed proteins were enriched in the core energy metabolism of amino acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates as well as in signal transduction pathways including PPAR signaling, Calcium signaling, Glucagon signaling, VEGF signaling, Ras signaling, cGMP-PKG signaling, and cAMP signaling. A combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis suggested the involvement of energy metabolism in the response of diapause transition. RNA interference experiments disclosed that a 20E injection triggers diapause termination probably through non-genomic actions, rather than nuclear receptor mediated genomic actions. Our results provide extensive proteomic resources for insect diapause transition and offer a potential for pest control by incapacitating the regulation of diapause termination either by breaking diapause prematurely or by delaying diapause termination to render diapausing individuals at a high risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anthony R Clarke
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chang-Ying Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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29
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Green DA, Kronforst MR. Monarch butterflies use an environmentally sensitive, internal timer to control overwintering dynamics. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3642-3655. [PMID: 31338928 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) complements its iconic migration with diapause, a hormonally controlled developmental programme that contributes to winter survival at overwintering sites. Although timing is a critical adaptive feature of diapause, how environmental cues are integrated with genetically-determined physiological mechanisms to time diapause development, particularly termination, is not well understood. In a design that subjected western North American monarchs to different environmental chamber conditions over time, we modularized constituent components of an environmentally-controlled, internal diapause termination timer. Using comparative transcriptomics, we identified molecular controllers of these specific diapause termination components. Calcium signalling mediated environmental sensitivity of the diapause timer, and we speculate that it is a key integrator of environmental condition (cold temperature) with downstream hormonal control of diapause. Juvenile hormone (JH) signalling changed spontaneously in diapause-inducing conditions, capacitating response to future environmental condition. Although JH is a major target of the internal timer, it is not itself the timer. Epigenetic mechanisms are implicated to be the proximate timing mechanism. Ecdysteroid, JH, and insulin/insulin-like peptide signalling are major targets of the diapause programme used to control response to permissive environmental conditions. Understanding the environmental and physiological mechanisms of diapause termination sheds light on fundamental properties of biological timing, and also helps inform expectations for how monarch populations may respond to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delbert A Green
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcus R Kronforst
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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30
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Understanding the regulation of overwintering diapause molecular mechanisms in Culex pipiens pallens through comparative proteomics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6485. [PMID: 31019237 PMCID: PMC6482188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal overwintering dormancy (diapause) mechanisms of Culex pipiens pallens (L.), global protein expression differences at three separate time points represent nondiapause, diapause preparation and overwintering diapause phases of Cx. pipiens pallens were compared using iTRAQ. Cx. pipiens pallens females accumulate more lipid droplets during diapause preparation and overwintering diapause maintenance than during the nondiapause phase. A total of 1030 proteins were identified, among which 1020 were quantified and compared. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Domain and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) analyses revealed key groups of proteins, pathways and domains differentially regulated during diapause preparation and overwintering diapause maintenance phases in this mosquito, including major shifts in energy production and conversion, fatty acid metabolism, the citrate (TCA) cycle, and the cytoskeletal reorganization pathway. Our results provide novel insight into the molecular bases of diapause in mosquitoes and corroborate previously reported diapause-associated features in invertebrates. More interestingly, the phototransduction pathway exists in Cx. pipiens pallens, in particular, actin, rather than other proteins, appears to have substantial role in diapause regulation. In addition, the differential changes in calmodulin protein expression in each stage implicate its important regulatory role of the Cx. pipiens pallens biological clock. Finally, 24 proteins were selected for verification of differential expression using a parallel reaction monitoring strategy. The findings of this study provide a unique opportunity to explore the molecular modifications underlying diapause in mosquitoes and might therefore enable the future design and development of novel genetic tools for improving management strategies in mosquitoes.
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31
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Bayley JS, Klepke MJ, Pedersen TH, Overgaard J. Cold acclimation modulates voltage gated Ca 2+ channel currents and fiber excitability in skeletal muscles of Locusta migratoria. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 114:116-124. [PMID: 30879976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cold exposure is known to induce stressful imbalances in chill susceptible insects, including loss of hemolymph water, hyperkalemia and cell depolarization. Cold induced depolarization induces uncontrolled Ca2+ influx and accumulation of injury through necrosis/apoptosis. Conversely cold induced Ca2+ influx has been shown to induce rapid cold hardening and therefore also play a role to reduce cold injury. Cold acclimation is known to reduce cold injury in insects and due to the involvement of depolarization and Ca2+ in the pathophysiology of hypothermia, we hypothesized that cold acclimation modulates voltage gated Ca2+ channels and fiber excitability. Using intracellular electrodes or force transducers, we measured the Ca2+ currents, fiber excitability and muscle contractility in warm (31 °C) and cold (11 °C) acclimated locusts. Experiments were performed under conditions ranging from mild conditions where the membrane potential is well regulated to stressful conditions, where the membrane potential is very depolarized and the tissue is at risk of accumulating injury. These experiments found that cold acclimation modulates Ca2+ currents and fiber excitability in a manner that depends on the cold exposure. Thus, under mild conditions, Ca2+ currents and fiber excitability was increased whilst muscle contractility was unaffected by cold acclimation. Conversely, fiber excitability and muscle contractility was decreased under stressful conditions. Further work is required to fully understand the adaptive effects of these modulations. However, we propose a model which reconciles the dualistic role of the Ca2+ ion in cold exposure and cold acclimation. Thus, increased Ca2+ currents at mild temperatures could help to enhance cold sensing capacity whereas reduced fiber excitability under stressful conditions could help to reduce catastrophic Ca2+ influx during periods of severe cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Seamus Bayley
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Johannes Overgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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32
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Sun Z, Tan X, Xu M, Liu Q, Ye H, Zou C, Ye C. Liver transcriptome analysis and de novo annotation of the orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) under cold stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 29:264-273. [PMID: 30641323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cold stress has caused great economic loss in fish culture worldwide. Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is one of the most serious lost aquatic animals in 2016 cold fronts in South China. However, the molecular mechanism of grouper's cold resistance has remained largely unknown. In the present study, HiSeq™2000 (Illumina) was used to analyze the transcriptomic profiles of the liver from grouper under control temperature (CT, 28 °C) and low temperature (LT, 13 °C). Two normalized liver cDNA libraries of CT and LT groups were created. We obtained 51,944,970 and 51,905,036 clean reads from CT and LT groups, respectively. Comparing the LT group to the CT group, a total of 5905 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 2093 up-regulated unigenes and 3812 down-regulated unigenes. GO annotation and functional enrichment analysis indicated that all of the DEGs were classified into three categories: biological process (23 subclasses), cellular component (18 subclasses) and molecular function (13 subclasses). KEGG analysis of the DEGs showed that 2732 DEGs were annotated to 253 signaling pathways. The most highly enriched pathways were cell adhesion molecules, Staphylococcus aureus infection, PPAR signaling pathway, Vibrio cholerae infection, primary immunodeficiency, fatty acid elongation, and we found cold stress mainly affects immunity, metabolic and signal transduction. Thirteen of the DEGs were further validated by qRT-PCR. Our results provide valuable information for further analysis of the mechanisms of groupers response under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Sun
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglei Xu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingying Liu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqun Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiyun Zou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Paul S, Heckmann LH, Sørensen JG, Holmstrup M, Arumugaperumal A, Sivasubramaniam S. Transcriptome sequencing, de novo assembly and annotation of the freeze tolerant earthworm, Dendrobaena octaedra. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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34
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Cold exposure causes cell death by depolarization-mediated Ca 2+ overload in a chill-susceptible insect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9737-E9744. [PMID: 30254178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813532115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold tolerance of insects is arguably among the most important traits defining their geographical distribution. Even so, very little is known regarding the causes of cold injury in this species-rich group. In many insects it has been observed that cold injury coincides with a cellular depolarization caused by hypothermia and hyperkalemia that develop during chronic cold exposure. However, prior studies have been unable to determine if cold injury is caused by direct effects of hypothermia, by toxic effects of hyperkalemia, or by the depolarization that is associated with these perturbations. Here we use a fluorescent DNA-staining method to estimate cell viability of muscle and hindgut tissue from Locusta migratoria and show that the cellular injury is independent of the direct effects of hypothermia or toxic effects of hyperkalemia. Instead, we show that chill injury develops due to the associated cellular depolarization. We further hypothesized that the depolarization-induced injury was caused by opening of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, causing a Ca2+ overload that triggers apoptotic/necrotic pathways. In accordance with this hypothesis, we show that hyperkalemic depolarization causes a marked increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels. Furthermore, using pharmacological manipulation of intra- and extracellular Ca2+ concentrations as well as Ca2+ channel conductance, we demonstrate that injury is prevented if transmembrane Ca2+ flux is prevented by removing extracellular Ca2+ or blocking Ca2+ influx. Together these findings demonstrate a causal relationship between cold-induced hyperkalemia, depolarization, and the development of chill injury through Ca2+-mediated necrosis/apoptosis.
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Huerta-Ocampo JA, García-Muñoz MS, Velarde-Salcedo AJ, Hernández-Domínguez EE, González-Escobar JL, Barrera-Pacheco A, Grajales-Lagunes A, Barba de la Rosa AP. The proteome map of the escamolera ant (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr) larvae reveals immunogenic proteins and several hexamerin proteoforms. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:107-121. [PMID: 30149319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The larvae of escamolera ant (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr) have been considered a delicacy since Pre-Hispanic times. The increased demand for this stew has led to massive collection of ant nests. Yet biological aspects of L. apiculatum larvae remain unknown, and mapping the proteome of this species is important for understanding its biological characteristics. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was used to characterize the larvae proteome profile. From 380 protein spots analyzed, 174 were identified by LC-MS/MS and homology search against the Hymenoptera subset of the NCBInr protein database using the Mascot search engine. Peptide de novo sequencing and homology-based alignment allowed the identification of 36 additional protein spots. Identified proteins were classified by cellular location, molecular function, and biological process according to the Gene Ontology annotation. Immunity- and defense-related proteins were identified including PPIases, FK506, PEBP, and chitinases. Several hexamerin proteoforms were identified and the cDNA of the most abundant protein detected in the 2-DE map was isolated and characterized. L. apiculatum hexamerin (LaHEX, GeneBank accession no. MH256667) contains an open reading frame of 2199 bp encoding a polypeptide of 733 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 82.41 kDa. LaHEX protein is more similar to HEX110 than HEX70 from Apis mellifera. Down-regulation of LaHEX was observed throughout ant development. This work represents the first proteome map as well as the first hexamerin characterized from L. apiculatum larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Huerta-Ocampo
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico; CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6, Edificio C, C.P 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - María S García-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Nava No.6, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78200 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico
| | - Aída J Velarde-Salcedo
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico
| | - Eric E Hernández-Domínguez
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico
| | - Jorge L González-Escobar
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barrera-Pacheco
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico
| | - Alicia Grajales-Lagunes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Nava No.6, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78200 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Ana P Barba de la Rosa
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
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Ferrier-Pagès C, Sauzéat L, Balter V. Coral bleaching is linked to the capacity of the animal host to supply essential metals to the symbionts. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3145-3157. [PMID: 29569807 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Massive coral bleaching events result in extensive coral loss throughout the world. These events are mainly caused by seawater warming, but are exacerbated by the subsequent decrease in nutrient availability in surface waters. It has therefore been shown that nitrogen, phosphorus or iron limitation contribute to the underlying conditions by which thermal stress induces coral bleaching. Generally, information on the trophic ecology of trace elements (micronutrients) in corals, and on how they modulate the coral response to thermal stress is lacking. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that heterotrophic feeding (i.e. the capture of zooplankton prey by the coral host) and thermal stress induce significant changes in micro element concentrations and isotopic signatures of the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. The results obtained first reveal that coral symbionts are the major sink for the heterotrophically acquired micronutrients and accumulate manganese, magnesium and iron from the food. These metals are involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant protection. In addition, we show that fed corals can maintain high micronutrient concentrations in the host tissue during thermal stress and do not bleach, whereas unfed corals experience a significant decrease in copper, zinc, boron, calcium and magnesium in the host tissue and bleach. In addition, the significant increase in δ65 Cu and δ66 Zn signature of symbionts and host tissue at high temperature suggests that these isotopic compositions are good proxy for stress in corals. Overall, present findings highlight a new way in which coral heterotrophy and micronutrient availability contribute to coral resistance to global warming and bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Sauzéat
- CNRS UMR 5276 "Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon", Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Vincent Balter
- CNRS UMR 5276 "Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon", Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Toxopeus J, Sinclair BJ. Mechanisms underlying insect freeze tolerance. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1891-1914. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jantina Toxopeus
- Department of Biology; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street N, London ON, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street N, London ON, N6A 5B7 Canada
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Barth MB, Buchwalder K, Kawahara AY, Zhou X, Liu S, Krezdorn N, Rotter B, Horres R, Hundsdoerfer AK. Functional characterization of the Hyles euphorbiae hawkmoth transcriptome reveals strong expression of phorbol ester detoxification and seasonal cold hardiness genes. Front Zool 2018; 15:20. [PMID: 29743927 PMCID: PMC5930835 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The European spurge hawkmoth, Hyles euphorbiae (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae), has been intensively studied as a model organism for insect chemical ecology, cold hardiness and evolution of species delineation. To understand species isolation mechanisms at a molecular level, this study aims at determining genetic factors underlying two adaptive ecological trait candidates, phorbol ester (TPA) detoxification and seasonal cold acclimation. Method A draft transcriptome of H. euphorbiae was generated using Illumina sequencing, providing the first genomic resource for the hawkmoth subfamily Macroglossinae. RNA expression levels in tissues of experimental TPA feeding larvae and cooled pupae was compared to levels in control larvae and pupae using 26 bp RNA sequence tag libraries (DeepSuperSAGE). Differential gene expression was assessed by homology searches of the tags in the transcriptome. Results In total, 389 and 605 differentially expressed transcripts for detoxification and cold hardiness, respectively, could be identified and annotated with proteins. The majority (22 of 28) of differentially expressed detox transcripts of the four 'drug metabolism' enzyme groups (cytochrome P450 (CYP), carboxylesterases (CES), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and lipases) are up-regulated. Triacylglycerol lipase was significantly over proportionally annotated among up-regulated detox transcripts. We record several up-regulated lipases, GSTe2, two CESs, CYP9A21, CYP6BD6 and CYP9A17 as candidate genes for further H. euphorbiae TPA detoxification analyses. Differential gene expression of the cold acclimation treatment is marked by metabolic depression with enriched Gene Ontology terms among down-regulated transcripts almost exclusively comprising metabolism, aerobic respiration and dissimilative functions. Down-regulated transcripts include energy expensive respiratory proteins like NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ATP synthase. Gene expression patterns show shifts in carbohydrate metabolism towards cryoprotectant production. The Glycolysis enzymes, G1Pase, A1e, Gpi and an Akr isoform are up-regulated. Glycerol, an osmolyte which lowers the body liquid supercooling point, appears to be the predominant polyol cryoprotectant in H. euphorbiae diapause pupae. Several protein candidates involved in glucose, glycerol, myo-inositol and potentially sorbitol and trehalose synthesis were identified. Conclusions A majority of differently expressed transcripts unique for either detoxification or cold hardiness indicates highly specialized functional adaptation which may have evolved from general cell metabolism and stress response.The transcriptome and extracted candidate biomarkers provide a basis for further gene expression studies of physiological processes and adaptive traits in H. euphorbiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benjamin Barth
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Koenigsbruecker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Buchwalder
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Koenigsbruecker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- 2Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- 3Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Bejing, 100193 China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- 3Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Bejing, 100193 China.,4China National Gene Bank, Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Nicolas Krezdorn
- 5GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Björn Rotter
- 5GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Horres
- 5GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna K Hundsdoerfer
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Koenigsbruecker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
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Teets NM, Hahn DA. Genetic variation in the shape of cold‐survival curves in a single fly population suggests potential for selection from climate variability. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:543-555. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Teets
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - D. A. Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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Ramirez L, Negri P, Sturla L, Guida L, Vigliarolo T, Maggi M, Eguaras M, Zocchi E, Lamattina L. Abscisic acid enhances cold tolerance in honeybee larvae. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2140. [PMID: 28381619 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural composition of nutrients present in food is a key factor determining the immune function and stress responses in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). We previously demonstrated that a supplement of abscisic acid (ABA), a natural component of nectar, pollen, and honey, increases honeybee colony survival overwinter. Here we further explored the role of ABA in in vitro-reared larvae exposed to low temperatures. Four-day-old larvae (L4) exposed to 25°C for 3 days showed lower survival rates and delayed development compared to individuals growing at a standard temperature (34°C). Cold-stressed larvae maintained higher levels of ABA for longer than do larvae reared at 34°C, suggesting a biological significance for ABA. Larvae fed with an ABA-supplemented diet completely prevent the low survival rate due to cold stress and accelerate adult emergence. ABA modulates the expression of genes involved in metabolic adjustments and stress responses: Hexamerin 70b, Insulin Receptor Substrate, Vitellogenin, and Heat Shock Proteins 70. AmLANCL2, the honeybee ABA receptor, is also regulated by cold stress and ABA. These results support a role for ABA increasing the tolerance of honeybee larvae to low temperatures through priming effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Pedro Negri
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), FCEyN, UNMdP, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura Sturla
- DIMES-Sezione Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 116132 Genova, Italia
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- DIMES-Sezione Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 116132 Genova, Italia
| | - Tiziana Vigliarolo
- DIMES-Sezione Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 116132 Genova, Italia
| | - Matías Maggi
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), FCEyN, UNMdP, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín Eguaras
- Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS), FCEyN, UNMdP, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Elena Zocchi
- DIMES-Sezione Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 116132 Genova, Italia
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Kim Y, Lee DW, Jung JK. Rapid Cold-Hardening of a Subtropical Species, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Accompanies Hypertrehalosemia by Upregulating Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1432-1438. [PMID: 29029081 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A subtropical insect, Maruca vitrata (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is invasive to temperate zones, in which low temperatures during winter would be a serious challenge for colonization. This study assessed cold tolerance and cold-hardening of M. vitrata to understand its overwintering mechanism. Supercooling capacity was confirmed in all developmental stages exhibiting body freezing points at lower than -10°C, in which supercooling points (SCPs) were significantly different among developmental stages, with eggs having the lowest SCP (at -22.5°C). However, all developmental stages suffered significant mortality after being exposed to low temperatures much higher than SCPs. Furthermore, nonfreezing injury increased with elapsed time at 25°C after cold shock. One of the nonfreezing symptoms was a darkening on thorax, which was explained by uncontrolled prophenoloxidase activation. Pre-exposure to 8°C for 1 h significantly increased the survival of both young and old larvae to a low-temperature treatment (-5°C for 1 h). Rapid cold-hardening (RCH) was accompanied by significant increase in hemolymph trehalose concentration. During RCH, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase was significantly upregulated in its expression level. These results suggest that M. vitrata is a freeze-susceptible species and becomes cold-hardy via hypertrehalosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Dae-Weon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Jin Kyo Jung
- Division of Crop Cultivation and Environment Research, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Korea
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MacMillan HA, Yerushalmi GY, Jonusaite S, Kelly SP, Donini A. Thermal acclimation mitigates cold-induced paracellular leak from the Drosophila gut. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8807. [PMID: 28821771 PMCID: PMC5562827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chill susceptible insects suffer tissue damage and die at low temperatures. The mechanisms that cause chilling injury are not well understood but a growing body of evidence suggests that a cold-induced loss of ion and water homeostasis leads to hemolymph hyperkalemia that depolarizes cells, leading to cell death. The apparent root of this cascade is the net leak of osmolytes down their concentration gradients in the cold. Many insects, however, are capable of adjusting their thermal physiology, and cold-acclimated Drosophila can maintain homeostasis and avoid injury better than warm-acclimated flies. Here, we test whether chilling causes a loss of epithelial barrier function in female adult Drosophila, and provide the first evidence of cold-induced epithelial barrier failure in an invertebrate. Flies had increased rates of paracellular leak through the gut epithelia at 0 °C, but cold acclimation reduced paracellular permeability and improved cold tolerance. Improved barrier function was associated with changes in the abundance of select septate junction proteins and the appearance of a tortuous ultrastructure in subapical intercellular regions of contact between adjacent midgut epithelial cells. Thus, cold causes paracellular leak in a chill susceptible insect and cold acclimation can mitigate this effect through changes in the composition and structure of transepithelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath A MacMillan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Gil Y Yerushalmi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sima Jonusaite
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Scott P Kelly
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Andrew Donini
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
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Wang J, Fan H, Xiong KC, Liu YH. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae), along with pupal development provide insight into diapause program. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181033. [PMID: 28704500 PMCID: PMC5507520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is a devastating citrus pest in Asia. This univoltine insect enters obligatory pupal diapause in each generation, while little is known about the course and the molecular mechanisms of diapause. In this study, the course of diapause was determined by measuring the respiratory rate throughout the pupal stage. In addition, the variation of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of pupae at five developmental stages (pre-, early-, middle-, late-, and post-diapause) were evaluated by next-generation sequencing technology and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), respectively. A total of 4,808 genes were significantly altered in ten pairwise comparisons, representing major shifts in metabolism and signal transduction as well as endocrine system and digestive system. Gene expression profiles were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. In addition, 48 metabolites were identified and quantified by 1H NMR. Nine of which significantly contributed to the variation in the metabolomic profiles, especially proline and trehalose. Moreover, the samples collected within diapause maintenance (early-, middle-, and late-diapause) only exhibited marginal transcriptomic and metabolomic variation with each other. These findings greatly improve our understanding of B. minax diapause and lay the foundation for further pertinent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Fan
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Cai Xiong
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Huang W, Ren C, Li H, Huo D, Wang Y, Jiang X, Tian Y, Luo P, Chen T, Hu C. Transcriptomic analyses on muscle tissues of Litopenaeus vannamei provide the first profile insight into the response to low temperature stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178604. [PMID: 28575089 PMCID: PMC5456072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important cultured crustacean species worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of this species involved in the response to cold stress. In this study, four separate RNA-Seq libraries of L. vannamei were generated from 13°C stress and control temperature. Total 29,662 of Unigenes and overall of 19,619 annotated genes were obtained. Three comparisons were carried out among the four libraries, in which 72 of the top 20% of differentially-expressed genes were obtained, 15 GO and 5 KEGG temperature-sensitive pathways were fished out. Catalytic activity (GO: 0003824) and Metabolic pathways (ko01100) were the most annotated GO and KEGG pathways in response to cold stress, respectively. In addition, Calcium, MAPK cascade, Transcription factor and Serine/threonine-protein kinase signal pathway were picked out and clustered. Serine/threonine-protein kinase signal pathway might play more important roles in cold adaptation, while other three signal pathway were not widely transcribed. Our results had summarized the differentially-expressed genes and suggested the major important signaling pathways and related genes. These findings provide the first profile insight into the molecular basis of L. vannamei response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yushun Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (CH); (TC)
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (CH); (TC)
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Des Marteaux LE, McKinnon AH, Udaka H, Toxopeus J, Sinclair BJ. Effects of cold-acclimation on gene expression in Fall field cricket (Gryllus pennsylvanicus) ionoregulatory tissues. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:357. [PMID: 28482796 PMCID: PMC5422886 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cold tolerance is a key determinant of temperate insect distribution and performance. Chill-susceptible insects lose ion and water homeostasis during cold exposure, but prior cold acclimation improves both cold tolerance and defense of homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying these processes are mostly unknown; cold acclimation is thought to enhance ion transport in the cold and/or prevent leak of water and ions. To identify candidate mechanisms of cold tolerance plasticity we generated transcriptomes of ionoregulatory tissues (hindgut and Malpighian tubules) from Gryllus pennsylvanicus crickets and compared gene expression in warm- and cold-acclimated individuals. Results We assembled a G. pennsylvanicus transcriptome de novo from 286 million 50-bp reads, yielding 70,037 contigs (~44% of which had putative BLAST identities). We compared the transcriptomes of warm- and cold-acclimated hindguts and Malpighian tubules. Cold acclimation led to a ≥ 2-fold change in the expression of 1493 hindgut genes (733 downregulated, 760 upregulated) and 2008 Malpighian tubule genes (1009 downregulated, 999 upregulated). Cold-acclimated crickets had altered expression of genes putatively associated with ion and water balance, including: a downregulation of V-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in the Malpighian tubules and an upregulation of Na+-K+ ATPase in the hindgut. We also observed acclimation-related shifts in the expression of cytoskeletal genes in the hindgut, including actin and actin-anchoring/stabilizing proteins, tubulin, α-actinin, and genes involved in adherens junctions organization. In both tissues, cold acclimation led to differential expression of genes encoding cytochrome P450s, glutathione-S-transferases, apoptosis factors, DNA repair, and heat shock proteins. Conclusions This is the first G. pennsylvanicus transcriptome, and our tissue-specific approach yielded new candidate mechanisms of cold tolerance plasticity. Cold acclimation may reduce loss of hemolymph volume in the cold by 1) decreasing primary urine production via reduced expression of carbonic anhydrase and V-ATPase in the Malpighian tubules and 2) by increasing Na+ (and therefore water) reabsorption across the hindgut via increase in Na+-K+ ATPase expression. Cold acclimation may reduce chilling injury by remodeling and stabilizing the hindgut epithelial cytoskeleton and cell-to-cell junctions, and by increasing the expression of genes involved in DNA repair, detoxification, and protein chaperones. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3711-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander H McKinnon
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Present Address: Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hiroko Udaka
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Present Address: Graduate School of Science, Biological Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jantina Toxopeus
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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46
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Zhao JY, Zhao XT, Sun JT, Zou LF, Yang SX, Han X, Zhu WC, Yin Q, Hong XY. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal complex mechanisms of reproductive diapause in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:215-232. [PMID: 28001328 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although a variety of factors underlying diapause have been identified in arthropods and other organisms, the molecular mechanisms regulating diapause are still largely unknown. Here, to better understand this process, we examined diapause-associated genes in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, by comparing the transcriptomes and proteomes of early diapausing and reproductive adult females. Amongst genes underlying diapause revealed by the transcriptomic and proteomic data sets, we described the noticeable change in Ca2+ -associated genes, including 65 Ca2+ -binding protein genes and 23 Ca2+ transporter genes, indicating that Ca2+ signalling has a substantial role in diapause regulation. Other interesting changes in diapause included up-regulation of (1) glutamate receptors that may be involved in synaptic plasticity changes, (2) genes involved in cytoskeletal reorganization including genes encoding each of the components of thick and thin filaments, tubulin and members of integrin signalling and (3) genes involved in anaerobic energy metabolism, which reflects a shift to anaerobic energy metabolism in early diapausing mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Zhao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X-T Zhao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J-T Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L-F Zou
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - S-X Yang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Han
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - W-C Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Yin
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - X-Y Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Overgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Heath A. MacMillan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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48
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Yi SX, Gantz JD, Lee RE. Desiccation enhances rapid cold-hardening in the flesh fly Sarcophaga bullata: evidence for cross tolerance between rapid physiological responses. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 187:79-86. [PMID: 27568301 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-1030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many insects use rapid cold-hardening (RCH), a physiological response to sub-lethal exposure to stressors, such as chilling and desiccation, to enhance their cold tolerance within minutes. Recently, drought-induced RCH, triggered by brief, mild desiccation, was described in larvae of the freeze-tolerant gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis). However, its prevalence and ecological significance in other insects is not known. Consequently, we used a freeze-intolerant model, the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, to investigate the effects and mechanisms of drought-induced RCH. In addition, we investigated how drought- and cold-induced RCH interact by exposing flies to both desiccation and chilling. Desiccation for 3 h increased larval pupariation after cold shock from 28 to 40 %-the first example of drought-induced RCH in both a freeze-intolerant insect and in a non-overwintering life stage. We also found that desiccation and chilling together enhanced the cold hardiness of larvae and adults more than either did separately, suggesting that drought and cold trigger distinct physiological mechanisms that interact to afford greater cold tolerance. These results suggest that drought-induced RCH is a highly conserved response used by insects with diverse life history strategies. Furthermore, the protective interaction between drought- and cold-induced RCH suggests that, in nature, insects use multiple cues and physiological mechanisms to fine-tune their response to changing ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xia Yi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
| | - J D Gantz
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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49
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Teets NM, Denlinger DL. Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Signaling Mechanisms Associated with Rapid Cold Hardening in a Chill-Tolerant Fly. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2855-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Teets
- Department of Entomology and ‡Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal
Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David L. Denlinger
- Department of Entomology and ‡Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal
Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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50
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MacMillan HA, Knee JM, Dennis AB, Udaka H, Marshall KE, Merritt TJS, Sinclair BJ. Cold acclimation wholly reorganizes the Drosophila melanogaster transcriptome and metabolome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28999. [PMID: 27357258 PMCID: PMC4928047 DOI: 10.1038/srep28999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold tolerance is a key determinant of insect distribution and abundance, and thermal acclimation can strongly influence organismal stress tolerance phenotypes, particularly in small ectotherms like Drosophila. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms that confer such impressive plasticity. Here, we use high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to compare the transcriptomes and metabolomes of D. melanogaster acclimated as adults to warm (rearing) (21.5 °C) or cold conditions (6 °C). Cold acclimation improved cold tolerance and led to extensive biological reorganization: almost one third of the transcriptome and nearly half of the metabolome were differentially regulated. There was overlap in the metabolic pathways identified via transcriptomics and metabolomics, with proline and glutathione metabolism being the most strongly-supported metabolic pathways associated with increased cold tolerance. We discuss several new targets in the study of insect cold tolerance (e.g. dopamine signaling and Na+-driven transport), but many previously identified candidate genes and pathways (e.g. heat shock proteins, Ca2+ signaling, and ROS detoxification) were also identified in the present study, and our results are thus consistent with and extend the current understanding of the mechanisms of insect chilling tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath A MacMillan
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jose M Knee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Alice B Dennis
- Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand.,Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hiroko Udaka
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katie E Marshall
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J S Merritt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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