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Zhao Y, Deng L, Last RL, Hua W, Liu J. Psb28 protein is indispensable for stable accumulation of PSII core complexes in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38796842 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis represents a promising strategy to improve crop yields, with keeping the steady state of PSII being key to determining the photosynthetic performance. However, the mechanisms whereby the stability of PSII is maintained in oxygenic organisms remain to be explored. Here, we report that the Psb28 protein functions in regulating the homeostasis of PSII under different light conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. The psb28 mutant is much smaller than the wild-type plants under normal growth light, which is due to its significantly reduced PSII activity. Similar defects were seen under low light and became more pronounced under photoinhibitory light. Notably, the amounts of PSII core complexes and core subunits are specifically decreased in psb28, whereas the abundance of other representative components of photosynthetic complexes remains largely unaltered. Although the PSII activity of psb28 was severely reduced when subjected to high light, its recovery from photoinactivation was not affected. By contrast, the degradation of PSII core protein subunits is dramatically accelerated in the presence of lincomycin. These results indicate that psb28 is defective in the photoprotection of PSII, which is consistent with the observation that the overall NPQ is much lower in psb28 compared to the wild type. Moreover, the Psb28 protein is associated with PSII core complexes and interacts mainly with the CP47 subunit of PSII core. Taken together, these findings reveal an important role for Psb28 in the protection and stabilization of PSII core in response to changes in light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linbin Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
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2
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Wang X, Tang H, Lu T, Shen P, Chen J, Dong W, Song Y. Novel underlying regulatory mechanism of the MsDAD2-mediated salt stress response in alfalfa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 690:149252. [PMID: 37995452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a crucial and widely grown forage legume, faces yield and quality challenges due to salinity stress. The defender against apoptotic death (DAD) gene, recognized initially as an apoptosis suppressor in mammals, plays a pivotal role in catalyzing N-glycosylation, acting as a positive regulator for protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export. Here, we found that the MsDAD2 gene was specially induced in the salt-tolerant alfalfa cultivar (DL) under salinity stress, but not in the salt-sensitive cultivar (SD). Overexpression of MsDAD2 enhanced the salinity resistance of transgenic alfalfa by promoting NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and cytochrome b6f complex subunit (Cyt b6/f) expression, thereby mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ChIP-qPCR analysis suggested that the differential expression of MsDAD2 in DL and SD under salinity stress may be linked to dynamic histone modifications in its promoter. Therefore, our findings elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism of MsDAD2 in alfalfa's response to salinity stress, underscoring its significance as a target for alfalfa breeding to enhance salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Haoyan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tongchen Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peihan Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jifeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuguang Song
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, PR China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Zheng J, Zhan Y, Yu Z, Liu S, Lu X, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Li H, Feng Y, Teng W, Li W, Han Y, Zhao X, Li Y. GmPLP1 negatively regulates soybean resistance to high light stress by modulating photosynthetic capacity and reactive oxygen species accumulation in a blue light-dependent manner. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2625-2640. [PMID: 37594728 PMCID: PMC10651158 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
High light stress is an important factor limiting crop yield. Light receptors play an important role in the response to high light stress, but their mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we found that the abundance of GmPLP1, a positive blue light receptor protein, was significantly inhibited by high light stress and mainly responded to high blue light. GmPLP1 RNA-interference soybean lines exhibited higher light energy utilization ability and less light damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in leaves under high light stress, while the phenotype of GmPLP1:GmPLP1-Flag overexpression soybean showed the opposite characteristics. Then, we identified a protein-protein interaction between GmPLP1 and GmVTC2, and the intensity of this interaction was primarily affected by sensing the intensity of blue light. More importantly, overexpression of GmVTC2b improved soybean tolerance to high light stress by enhancing the ROS scavenging capability through increasing the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. This regulation was significantly enhanced after interfering with a GmPLP1-interference fragment in GmVTC2b-ox soybean leaves, but was weakened when GmPLP1 was transiently overexpressed. These findings demonstrate that GmPLP1 regulates the photosynthetic capacity and ROS accumulation of soybean to adapt to changes in light intensity by sensing blue light. In summary, this study discovered a new mechanism through which GmPLP1 participates in high light stress in soybean, which has great significance for improving soybean yield and the adaptability of soybean to high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yuhang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiangpeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zeyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiaoyue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Haibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Weili Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yingpeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding (Genetics) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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Tsaballa A, Xanthopoulou A, Sperdouli I, Bantis F, Boutsika A, Chatzigeorgiou I, Tsaliki E, Koukounaras A, Ntinas GK, Ganopoulos I. LED omics in Rocket Salad ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia): Comparative Analysis in Different Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Spectrum and Energy Consumption. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1203. [PMID: 36986894 PMCID: PMC10059670 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
By applying three different LED light treatments, designated as blue (B), red (R)/blue (B), red (R) and white (W) light, as well as the control, the effect on Diplotaxis tenuifolia phenotype (yield and quality), and physiological, biochemical, and molecular status, as well as growing system resource use efficiency, was examined. We observed that basic leaf characteristics, such as leaf area, leaf number, relative chlorophyll content, as well as root characteristics, such as total root length and root architecture, remained unaffected by different LEDs. Yield expressed in fresh weight was slightly lower in LED lights than in the control (1113 g m-2), with R light producing the least (679 g m-2). However, total soluble solids were significantly affected (highest, 5.5° Brix, in R light) and FRAP was improved in all LED lights (highest, 191.8 μg/g FW, in B) in comparison to the control, while the nitrate content was less (lowest, 949.2 μg/g FW, in R). Differential gene expression showed that B LED light affected more genes in comparison to R and R/B lights. Although total phenolic content was improved under all LED lights (highest, 1.05 mg/g FW, in R/B), we did not detect a significant amount of DEGs in the phenylpropanoid pathway. R light positively impacts the expression of the genes encoding for photosynthesis components. On the other hand, the positive impact of R light on SSC was possibly due to the expression of key genes being induced, such as SUS1. In summary, this research is an integrative and innovative study, where the exploration of the effect of different LED lights on rocket growing under protected cultivation, in a closed chamber cultivation system, was performed at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite Tsaballa
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Aliki Xanthopoulou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Filippos Bantis
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsaliki
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Ntinas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
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5
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Yue X, Ke X, Shi Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Hou X. Chloroplast inner envelope protein FtsH11 is involved in the adjustment of assembly of chloroplast ATP synthase under heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:850-864. [PMID: 36573466 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane is an integral aspect of photosynthesis that is mainly established by the splitting of water molecules in photosystem II and plastoquinol oxidation at the cytochrome complex, and it is necessary for the generation of ATP in the last step of photophosphorylation. Although environmental stresses, such as high temperatures, are known to disrupt this fundamental process, only a few studies have explored the molecular mechanisms underlying proton gradient regulation during stress. The present study identified a heat-sensitive mutant that displays aberrant photosynthesis at high temperatures. This mutation was mapped to AtFtsH11, which encodes an ATP-dependent AAA-family metalloprotease. We showed that AtFtsH11 localizes to the chloroplast inner envelope membrane and is capable of degrading the ATP synthase assembly factor BFA3 under heat stress. We posit that this function limits the amount of ATP synthase integrated into the thylakoid membrane to regulate proton efflux from the lumen to the stroma. Our data also suggest that AtFtsH11 is critical in stabilizing photosystem II and cytochrome complexes at high temperatures, and additional studies can further elucidate the specific molecular functions of this critical regulator of photosynthetic thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yetao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hong J, Jia S, Wang C, Li Y, He F, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Transcriptome reveals the exposure effects of CeO 2 nanoparticles on pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130427. [PMID: 36410248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, soil-grown pakchoi after 2 weeks seedling cultivation were exposed to CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) at 0.7, 7, 70, and 350 mg kg-1 for 30 days. Results showed that chlorophyll content and photosynthetic assimilation rate were decreased significantly under all treatments with the largest decrease of 34.16% (0.7 mg kg-1 CeO2 NPs), however, sub-stomatal CO2 was increased dramatically under low dose of CeO2 NPs (0.7 mg kg-1). There were 4576, 3548, 2787, and 2514 genes up/down regulated significantly by 0.7, 7, 70, and 350 mg kg-1 CeO2 NPs, respectively, and 767 genes affected under all treatments. In addition, 0.7 mg kg-1 CeO2 NPs up-regulated 10 chlorophyll synthesis genes, 20 photosynthesis genes, and 10 carbon fixation enzyme genes; while 350 mg kg-1 CeO2 NPs down-regulated 5 photosynthesis genes and 28 auxin-activated genes. Among the key genes of photosynthesis, Ferredoxin-NADP reductase (PetH) was upregulated in 0.7, 7 and 70 mg kg-1 treatments, while Photosystem II lipoprotein (Psb27) was downregulated under 7, 70 and 350 mg kg-1 treatments. Top 20 metabolic pathways affected by CeO2 NPs including plant hormone, amino acids, and glutathione, and carbon metabolism These results provide information about utilizing CeO2 NPs more safely and effectively in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Siying Jia
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
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7
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Liu M, Sun Q, Cao K, Xu H, Zhou X. Acetylated Proteomics of UV-B Stress-Responsive in Photosystem II of Rhododendron chrysanthum. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030478. [PMID: 36766818 PMCID: PMC9913721 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhododendron chrysanthum (Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.), an alpine plant, has developed UV-B resistance mechanisms and has grown to be an important plant resource with the responsive capacity of UV-B stress. Our study uses acetylated proteomics and proteome analysis, together with physiological measurement, to show the Rhododendron chrysanthum seedling's reaction to UV-B stress. Following a 2-day, 8-h radiation therapy, 807 significantly altered proteins and 685 significantly altered acetylated proteins were discovered. Significantly altered proteins and acetylated proteins, according to COG analysis, were mostly engaged in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperone under UV-B stress. It indicates that protein acetylation modification plays an important role in plant resistance to UV-B. The experimental results show that photosynthesis was inhibited under UV-B stress, but some photosynthetic proteins will undergo acetylation modification, which can alleviate the UV-B damage of plants to a certain extent. These results will serve as the basis for more research into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying plant UV-B adaptation.
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8
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Zhang D, Guo W, Wang T, Wang Y, Le L, Xu F, Wu Y, Wuriyanghan H, Sung ZR, Pu L. RNA 5-Methylcytosine Modification Regulates Vegetative Development Associated with H3K27 Trimethylation in Arabidopsis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2204885. [PMID: 36382558 PMCID: PMC9811455 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methylating RNA post-transcriptionally is emerging as a significant mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotes. The crosstalk between RNA methylation and histone modification is critical for chromatin state and gene expression in mammals. However, it is not well understood mechanistically in plants. Here, the authors report a genome-wide correlation between RNA 5-cytosine methylation (m5 C) and histone 3 lysine27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in Arabidopsis. The plant-specific Polycomb group (PcG) protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 (EMF1) plays dual roles as activators or repressors. Transcriptome-wide RNA m5 C profiling revealed that m5 C peaks are mostly enriched in chromatin regions that lacked H3K27me3 in both wild type and emf1 mutants. EMF1 repressed the expression of m5 C methyltransferase tRNA specific methyltransferase 4B (TRM4B) through H3K4me3, independent of PcG-mediated H3K27me3 mechanism. The 5-Cytosine methylation on targets is increased in emf1 mutants, thereby decreased the mRNA transcripts of photosynthesis and chloroplast genes. In addition, impairing EMF1 activity reduced H3K27me3 levels of PcG targets, such as starch genes, which are de-repressed in emf1 mutants. Both EMF1-mediated promotion and repression of gene activities via m5 C and H3K27me3 are required for normal vegetative growth. Collectively, t study reveals a previously undescribed epigenetic mechanism of RNA m5 C modifications and histone modifications to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081P. R. China
- School of Life ScienceInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021P. R. China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081P. R. China
- Shangrao Normal UniversityShangrao334001P. R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Liang Le
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- School of Life ScienceInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021P. R. China
| | - Zinmay Renee Sung
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Li Pu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081P. R. China
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9
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Rees H, Rusholme-Pilcher R, Bailey P, Colmer J, White B, Reynolds C, Ward SJ, Coombes B, Graham CA, de Barros Dantas LL, Dodd AN, Hall A. Circadian regulation of the transcriptome in a complex polyploid crop. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001802. [PMID: 36227835 PMCID: PMC9560141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a finely balanced timekeeping mechanism that coordinates programmes of gene expression. It is currently unknown how the clock regulates expression of homoeologous genes in polyploids. Here, we generate a high-resolution time-course dataset to investigate the circadian balance between sets of 3 homoeologous genes (triads) from hexaploid bread wheat. We find a large proportion of circadian triads exhibit imbalanced rhythmic expression patterns, with no specific subgenome favoured. In wheat, period lengths of rhythmic transcripts are found to be longer and have a higher level of variance than in other plant species. Expression of transcripts associated with circadian controlled biological processes is largely conserved between wheat and Arabidopsis; however, striking differences are seen in agriculturally critical processes such as starch metabolism. Together, this work highlights the ongoing selection for balance versus diversification in circadian homoeologs and identifies clock-controlled pathways that might provide important targets for future wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rees
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Bailey
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Colmer
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamen White
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Reynolds
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benedict Coombes
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Calum A. Graham
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antony N. Dodd
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Hall
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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10
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Ranade SS, Seipel G, Gorzsás A, García-Gil MR. Enhanced lignin synthesis and ecotypic variation in defense-related gene expression in response to shade in Norway spruce. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2671-2681. [PMID: 35775408 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During the growth season, northern forests in Sweden daily receive more hours of far-red (FR)-enriched light or twilight (shade) as compared to southern forests. Norway spruce (shade-tolerant) are adapted to latitudinal variation in twilight characterized by a northward increase in FR requirement to maintain growth. Shade is a stressful condition that affects plant growth and increases plant's susceptibility to pathogen attack. Lignin plays a central role in plant defense and its metabolism is regulated by light wavelength composition (light quality). In the current work, we studied regulation of lignin synthesis and defense-related genes (growth-defense trade-offs) in response to shade in Norway spruce. In most angiosperms, light promotes lignin synthesis, whereas shade decreases lignin production leading to weaker stem, which may make plants more disease susceptible. In contrast, enhanced lignin synthesis was detected in response to shade in Norway spruce. We detected a higher number of immunity/defense-related genes up-regulated in northern populations as compared to south ones in response to shade. Enhanced lignin synthesis coupled with higher defense-related gene expression can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy for better survival in northern populations. Findings will contribute to ensuring deployment of well-adapted genetic material and identifying tree families with enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sachin Ranade
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - George Seipel
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - María Rosario García-Gil
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Johnson VM, Biswas S, Roose JL, Pakrasi HB, Liu H. Psb27, a photosystem II assembly protein, enables quenching of excess light energy during its participation in the PSII lifecycle. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:297-304. [PMID: 34985637 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), the enzyme responsible for oxidizing water into molecular oxygen, undergoes a complex lifecycle during which multiple assembly proteins transiently bind to and depart from PSII assembly intermediate complexes. Psb27 is one such protein. It associates with the CP43 chlorophyll-binding subunit of PSII to form a Psb27-PSII sub-complex that constitutes 7-10% of the total PSII pool. Psb27 remains bound to PSII assembly intermediates and dissociates prior to the formation of fully functional PSII. In this study, we compared a series of Psb27 mutant strains in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with varied expression levels of Psb27: wild type (WT); psb27 genetic deletion (Del27), genetically complemented psb27 (Com27); and over-expressed Psb27 (OE27). The Del27 strain demonstrated decreased non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, while the OE27 strain showed increased non-photochemical quenching and tolerance to fluctuating light conditions. Multiple flashes and fluorescence decay analysis indicated that OE27 has the least affected maximum PSII quantum yield of the mutants. OE27 also displayed a minimal impact on the half-life of the fast component of QA- reoxidation over multiple flashes, indicating robust PSII function. We propose that the close association between Psb27 and CP43, and the absence of a fully functional manganese cluster in the Psb27-PSII complex create a PSII sub-population that dissipates excitation energy prior to its recruitment into the functional PSII pool. Efficient energy dissipation prevents damage to this pre-PSII pool and allows for efficient PSII repair and maturation. Participation of Psb27 in the PSII life cycle ensures high-quality PSII assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Johnson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Sandeep Biswas
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Johnna L Roose
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Himadri B Pakrasi
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
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12
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Gisriel CJ, Brudvig GW. Comparison of PsbQ and Psb27 in photosystem II provides insight into their roles. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:177-191. [PMID: 35001227 PMCID: PMC9271139 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the oxidation of water at its active site that harbors a high-valent inorganic Mn4CaOx cluster called the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Extrinsic subunits generally serve to protect the OEC from reductants and stabilize the structure, but diversity in the extrinsic subunits exists between phototrophs. Recent cryo-electron microscopy experiments have provided new molecular structures of PSII with varied extrinsic subunits. We focus on the extrinsic subunit PsbQ, that binds to the mature PSII complex, and on Psb27, an extrinsic subunit involved in PSII biogenesis. PsbQ and Psb27 share a similar binding site and have a four-helix bundle tertiary structure, suggesting they are related. Here, we use sequence alignments, structural analyses, and binding simulations to compare PsbQ and Psb27 from different organisms. We find no evidence that PsbQ and Psb27 are related despite their similar structures and binding sites. Evolutionary divergence within PsbQ homologs from different lineages is high, probably due to their interactions with other extrinsic subunits that themselves exhibit vast diversity between lineages. This may result in functional variation as exemplified by large differences in their calculated binding energies. Psb27 homologs generally exhibit less divergence, which may be due to stronger evolutionary selection for certain residues that maintain its function during PSII biogenesis and this is consistent with their more similar calculated binding energies between organisms. Previous experimental inconsistencies, low confidence binding simulations, and recent structural data suggest that Psb27 is likely to exhibit flexibility that may be an important characteristic of its activity. The analysis provides insight into the functions and evolution of PsbQ and Psb27, and an unusual example of proteins with similar tertiary structures and binding sites that probably serve different roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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13
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Shi Y, Ke X, Yang X, Liu Y, Hou X. Plants response to light stress. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:735-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Molecular studies of cellulose synthase supercomplex from cotton fiber reveal its unique biochemical properties. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1776-1793. [PMID: 35394636 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber is a highly elongated and thickened single cell that produces large quantities of cellulose, which is synthesized and assembled into cell wall microfibrils by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). In this study, we report that in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers harvested during secondary cell wall (SCW) synthesis, GhCesA 4, 7, and 8 assembled into heteromers in a previously uncharacterized 36-mer-like cellulose synthase supercomplex (CSS). This super CSC was observed in samples prepared using cotton fiber cells harvested during the SCW synthesis period but not from cotton stem tissue or any samples obtained from Arabidopsis. Knock-out of any of GhCesA 4, 7, and 8 resulted in the disappearance of the CSS and the production of fiber cells with no SCW thickening. Cotton fiber CSS showed significantly higher enzyme activity than samples prepared from knock-out cotton lines. We found that the microfibrils from the SCW of wild-type cotton fibers may contain 72 glucan chains in a bundle, unlike other plant materials studied. GhCesA4, 7, and 8 restored both the dwarf and reduced vascular bundle phenotypes of their orthologous Arabidopsis mutants, potentially by reforming the CSC hexamers. Genetic complementation was not observed when non-orthologous CesA genes were used, indicating that each of the three subunits is indispensable for CSC formation and for full cellulose synthase function. Characterization of cotton CSS will increase our understanding of the regulation of SCW biosynthesis.
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15
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Lamelas L, Valledor L, López-Hidalgo C, Cañal MJ, Meijón M. Nucleus and chloroplast: A necessary understanding to overcome heat stress in Pinus radiata. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:446-458. [PMID: 34855991 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recovery and maintenance of plant homeostasis under stressful environments are complex processes involving organelle crosstalk for a coordinated cellular response. Here, we revealed through nuclear and chloroplast subcellular proteomics, biochemical cell profiles and targeted transcriptomics how chloroplasts and nuclei developed their responses under increased temperatures in a long-lived species (Pinus radiata). Parallel to photosynthetic impairment and reactive oxygen species production in the chloroplast, a DNA damage response was triggered in the nucleus followed by an altered chromatin conformation. In addition, in the nuclei, we found several proteins, such as HEMERA or WHIRLY, which change their locations from the chloroplasts to the nuclei carrying the stress message. Additionally, our data showed a deep rearrangement of RNA metabolism in both organelles, revealing microRNAs and AGO1 as potential regulators of the acclimation mechanisms. Altogether, our study highlights the synchronisation among the different stages required for thermotolerance acquisition in P. radiata, pointing out the role of chromatin conformation and posttranscriptional gene regulation in overcoming heat stress and assuring plant survival for the following years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lamelas
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Hidalgo
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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16
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Structural insights into a dimeric Psb27-photosystem II complex from a cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018053118. [PMID: 33495333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018053118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multisubunit pigment-protein complex and catalyzes light-driven water oxidation, leading to the conversion of light energy into chemical energy and the release of molecular oxygen. Psb27 is a small thylakoid lumen-localized protein known to serve as an assembly factor for the biogenesis and repair of the PSII complex. The exact location and binding fashion of Psb27 in the intermediate PSII remain elusive. Here, we report the structure of a dimeric Psb27-PSII complex purified from a psbV deletion mutant (ΔPsbV) of the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus, solved by cryo-electron microscopy. Our structure showed that Psb27 is associated with CP43 at the luminal side, with specific interactions formed between Helix 2 and Helix 3 of Psb27 and a loop region between Helix 3 and Helix 4 of CP43 (loop C) as well as the large, lumen-exposed and hydrophilic E-loop of CP43. The binding of Psb27 imposes some conflicts with the N-terminal region of PsbO and also induces some conformational changes in CP43, CP47, and D2. This makes PsbO unable to bind in the Psb27-PSII. Conformational changes also occurred in D1, PsbE, PsbF, and PsbZ; this, together with the conformational changes occurred in CP43, CP47, and D2, may prevent the binding of PsbU and induce dissociation of PsbJ. This structural information provides important insights into the regulation mechanism of Psb27 in the biogenesis and repair of PSII.
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17
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Shi Y, Che Y, Wang Y, Luan S, Hou X. Loss of mature D1 leads to compromised CP43 assembly in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 33610179 PMCID: PMC7896377 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosystem II (PSII) is a highly conserved integral-membrane multi-subunit pigment-protein complex. The proteins, pigments, lipids, and ions in PSII need to be assembled precisely to ensure a proper PSII biogenesis. D1 is the main subunit of PSII core reaction center (RC), and is usually synthesized as a precursor D1. D1 maturation by the C-terminal processing protease CtpA is essential for PSII assembly. However, the detailed mechanism about how D1 maturation affects PSII assembly is not clearly elucidated so far. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana CtpA mutant (atctpa: SALK_056011), which lacks the D1 mature process, was used to investigate the function of this process on PSII assembly in more details. RESULTS Without the C-terminal processing of precursor D1, PSII assembly, including PSII monomer, dimer, especially PSII supercomplexes (PSII SCs), was largely compromised as reported previously. Western blotting following the BN-2D-SDS PAGE revealed that although the assembly of PSII core proteins D2, CP43 and CP47 was affected by the loss of D1 mature process, the incorporation of CP43 was affected the most, indicated by its most reduced assembly efficiency into PSII SCs. Furthermore, the slower growth of yeast cells which were co-transformed with pD1 and CP43, when compared with the ones co-transformed with mature D1 and CP43, approved the existence of D1 C-terminal tail hindered the interaction efficiency between D1 and CP43, indicating the physiological importance of D1 mature process on the PSII assembly and the healthy growth of the organisms. CONCLUSIONS The knockout Arabidopsis atctpa mutant is a good material to study the unexpected link between D1 maturation and PSII SCs assembly. The loss of D1 maturation mainly affects the incorporation of PSII core protein CP43, an inner antenna binding protein, which functions in the association of LHCII complexes to PSII dimers during the formation of PSII SCs. Our findings here provide detailed supports of the role of D1 maturation during PSII SCs assembly in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yufen Che
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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18
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Jiang D, Chen J, Zhang Z, Hou X. Mitochondrial Transcription Termination Factor 27 Is Required for Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031466. [PMID: 33540552 PMCID: PMC7867191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, mTERF proteins are primarily found in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Studies have identified several mTERF proteins that affect plant development, respond to abiotic stresses, and regulate organellar gene expression, but the functions and underlying mechanisms of plant mTERF proteins remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function of Arabidopsis mTERF27 using molecular genetic, cytological, and biochemical approaches. Arabidopsis mTERF27 had four mTERF motifs and was evolutionarily conserved from moss to higher plants. The phenotype of the mTERF27-knockout mutant mterf27 did not differ obviously from that of the wild-type under normal growth conditions but was hypersensitive to salt stress. mTERF27 was localized to the mitochondria, and the transcript levels of some mitochondrion-encoded genes were reduced in the mterf27 mutant. Importantly, loss of mTERF27 function led to developmental defects in the mitochondria under salt stress. Furthermore, mTERF27 formed homomers and directly interacted with multiple organellar RNA editing factor 8 (MORF8). Thus, our results indicated that mTERF27 is likely crucial for mitochondrial development under salt stress, and that this protein may be a member of the protein interaction network regulating mitochondrial gene expression.
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19
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Shi Y, Chen J, Hou X. Similarities and Differences of Photosynthesis Establishment Related mRNAs and Novel lncRNAs in Early Seedlings (Coleoptile/Cotyledon vs. True Leaf) of Rice and Arabidopsis. Front Genet 2020; 11:565006. [PMID: 33093843 PMCID: PMC7506105 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.565006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis uses sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce biomass that is vital to all life on earth. In seed plants, leaf is the main organ for photosynthesis and production of organic nutrients. The seeds are mobilized to fuel post-germination seedling growth until seedling photosynthesis can be efficiently established. However, the photosynthesis and metabolism in the early growth and development have not been studied systematically and are still largely unknown. In this study, we used two model plants, rice (Oryza sativa L.; monocotyledonous) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; dicotyledonous) to determine the similarities and differences in photosynthesis in cotyledons and true leaves during the early developmental stages. The photosynthesis-related genes and proteins, and chloroplast functions were determined through RNA-seq, real-time PCR, western blotting and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. We found that in rice, the photosynthesis established gradually from coleoptile (cpt), incomplete leaf (icl) to first complete leaf (fcl); whereas, in Arabidopsis, photosynthesis well-developed in cotyledon, and the photosynthesis-related genes and proteins expressed comparably in cotyledon (cot), first true leaf (ftl) and second true leaf (stl). Additionally, we attempted to establish an mRNA-lncRNA signature to explore the similarities and differences in photosynthesis establishment between the two species, and found that DEGs, including encoding mRNAs and novel lncRNAs, related to photosynthesis in three stages have considerable differences between rice and Arabidopsis. Further GO and KEGG analysis systematically revealed the similarities and differences of expression styles of photosystem subunits and assembly factors, and starch and sucrose metabolisms between cotyledons and true leaves in the two species. Our results help to elucidate the gene functions of mRNA-lncRNA signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Prinzenberg AE, Campos‐Dominguez L, Kruijer W, Harbinson J, Aarts MGM. Natural variation of photosynthetic efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions under low temperature conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2000-2013. [PMID: 32495939 PMCID: PMC7497054 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Low, but non-freezing, temperatures have negative effects on plant growth and development. Despite some molecular signalling pathways being known, the mechanisms causing different responses among genotypes are still poorly understood. Photosynthesis is one of the processes that are affected by low temperatures. Using an automated phenotyping platform for chlorophyll fluorescence imaging the steady state quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) electron transport (ΦPSII ) was measured and used to quantify the effect of moderately low temperature on a population of Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions. Observations were made over the course of several weeks in standard and low temperature conditions and a strong decrease in ΦPSII upon the cold treatment was found. A genome wide association study identified several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that are associated with changes in ΦPSII in low temperature. One candidate for a cold specific QTL was validated with a mutant analysis to be one of the genes that is likely involved in the PSII response to the cold treatment. The gene encodes the PSII associated protein PSB27 which has already been implicated in the adaptation to fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina E. Prinzenberg
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708 PBThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708 PBThe Netherlands
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 386Wageningen6700 AJThe Netherlands
| | - Lucia Campos‐Dominguez
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708 PBThe Netherlands
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh20A Inverleith RowEdinburghEH3 5LRUnited Kingdom
| | - Willem Kruijer
- BiometrisWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708 PBThe Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708 PBThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of BiophysicsWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708 PBThe Netherlands
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21
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Che Y, Kusama S, Matsui S, Suorsa M, Nakano T, Aro EM, Ifuku K. Arabidopsis PsbP-Like Protein 1 Facilitates the Assembly of the Photosystem II Supercomplexes and Optimizes Plant Fitness under Fluctuating Light. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1168-1180. [PMID: 32277833 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In green plants, photosystem II (PSII) forms multisubunit supercomplexes (SCs) containing a dimeric core and light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). In this study, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana PsbP-like protein 1 (PPL1) is involved in the assembly of the PSII SCs and is required for adaptation to changing light intensity. PPL1 is a homolog of PsbP protein that optimizes the water-oxidizing reaction of PSII in green plants and is required for the efficient repair of photodamaged PSII; however, its exact function has been unknown. PPL1 was enriched in stroma lamellae and grana margins and associated with PSII subcomplexes including PSII monomers and PSII dimers, and several LHCII assemblies, while PPL1 was not detected in PSII-LHCII SCs. In a PPL1 null mutant (ppl1-2), assembly of CP43, PsbR and PsbW was affected, resulting in a reduced accumulation of PSII SCs even under moderate light intensity. This caused the abnormal association of LHCII in ppl1-2, as indicated by lower maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and accelerated State 1 to State 2 transitions. These differences would lower the capability of plants to adapt to changing light environments, thereby leading to reduced growth under natural fluctuating light environments. Phylogenetic and structural analyses suggest that PPL1 is closely related to its cyanobacterial homolog CyanoP, which functions as an assembly factor in the early stage of PSII biogenesis. Our results suggest that PPL1 has a similar function, but the data also indicate that it could aid the association of LHCII with PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Che
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shoko Kusama
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shintaro Matsui
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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22
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Jiang D, Tang R, Shi Y, Ke X, Wang Y, Che Y, Luan S, Hou X. Arabidopsis Seedling Lethal 1 Interacting With Plastid-Encoded RNA Polymerase Complex Proteins Is Essential for Chloroplast Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:602782. [PMID: 33391315 PMCID: PMC7772139 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.602782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transcription termination factors (mTERFs) are highly conserved proteins in metazoans. Plants have many more mTERF proteins than animals. The functions and the underlying mechanisms of plants' mTERFs remain largely unknown. In plants, mTERF family proteins are present in both mitochondria and plastids and are involved in gene expression in these organelles through different mechanisms. In this study, we screened Arabidopsis mutants with pigment-defective phenotypes and isolated a T-DNA insertion mutant exhibiting seedling-lethal and albino phenotypes [seedling lethal 1 (sl1)]. The SL1 gene encodes an mTERF protein localized in the chloroplast stroma. The sl1 mutant showed severe defects in chloroplast development, photosystem assembly, and the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins. Furthermore, the transcript levels of some plastid-encoded proteins were significantly reduced in the mutant, suggesting that SL1/mTERF3 may function in the chloroplast gene expression. Indeed, SL1/mTERF3 interacted with PAP12/PTAC7, PAP5/PTAC12, and PAP7/PTAC14 in the subgroup of DNA/RNA metabolism in the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) complex. Taken together, the characterization of the plant chloroplast mTERF protein, SL1/mTERF3, that associated with PEP complex proteins provided new insights into RNA transcription in the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renjie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yetao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufen Che
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Sheng Luan,
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Hou,
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23
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Grossman A, Sanz-Luque E, Yi H, Yang W. Building the GreenCut2 suite of proteins to unmask photosynthetic function and regulation. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:697-718. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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24
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Li J, Tietz S, Cruz JA, Strand DD, Xu Y, Chen J, Kramer DM, Hu J. Photometric screens identified Arabidopsis peroxisome proteins that impact photosynthesis under dynamic light conditions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:460-474. [PMID: 30350901 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes function collaboratively with other subcellular organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, in several metabolic processes. To comprehensively investigate the impact of peroxisomal function on photosynthesis, especially under conditions that are more relevant to natural environments, a systematic screen of over 150 Arabidopsis mutants of genes encoding peroxisomal proteins was conducted using the automated Dynamic Environment Photosynthesis Imager (DEPI). Dynamic and high-light (HL) conditions triggered significant photosynthetic defects in a subset of the mutants, including those of photorespiration (PR) and other peroxisomal processes, some of which may also be related to PR. Further analysis of the PR mutants revealed activation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I and higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) under HL conditions. We hypothesize that impaired PR disturbs the balance of ATP and NADPH, leading to the accumulation of H2 O2 that activates CEF to produce ATP to compensate for the imbalance of reducing equivalents. The identification of peroxisomal mutants involved in PR and other peroxisomal functions in the photometric screen will enable further investigation of regulatory links between photosynthesis and PR and interorganellar interaction at the mechanistic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Li
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Stefanie Tietz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cruz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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25
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Sun Y, Fan M, He Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Watermelon Leaves Reveals Candidate Genes Responsive to Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030610. [PMID: 30708960 PMCID: PMC6387395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a member of the genus Tobamovirus, which cause diseases in cucurbits, especially watermelon. In watermelon, symptoms develop on the whole plant, including leaves, stems, peduncles, and fruit. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of watermelon early responses to CGMMV infection, a comparative transcriptome analysis of 24 h CGMMV-infected and mock-inoculated watermelon leaves was performed. A total of 1641 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 886 DEGs upregulated and 755 DEGs downregulated after CGMMV infection. A functional analysis indicated that the DEGs were involved in photosynthesis, plant⁻pathogen interactions, secondary metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, a few transcription factor families, including WRKY, MYB, HLH, bZIP and NAC, were responsive to the CGMMV-induced stress. To confirm the high-throughput sequencing results, 15 DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. The results provide insights into the identification of candidate genes or pathways involved in the responses of watermelon leaves to CGMMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Sun
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Min Fan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yanjun He
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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26
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Liu J, Lu Y, Hua W, Last RL. A New Light on Photosystem II Maintenance in Oxygenic Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:975. [PMID: 31417592 PMCID: PMC6685048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Life on earth is sustained by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that converts solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water into chemical energy and biomass. Sunlight is essential for growth and productivity of photosynthetic organisms. However, exposure to an excessive amount of light adversely affects fitness due to photooxidative damage to the photosynthetic machinery, primarily to the reaction center of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII). Photosynthetic organisms have evolved diverse photoprotective and adaptive strategies to avoid, alleviate, and repair PSII damage caused by high-irradiance or fluctuating light. Rapid and harmless dissipation of excess absorbed light within antenna as heat, which is measured by chlorophyll fluorescence as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), constitutes one of the most efficient protective strategies. In parallel, an elaborate repair system represents another efficient strategy to maintain PSII reaction centers in active states. This article reviews both the reaction center-based strategy for robust repair of photodamaged PSII and the antenna-based strategy for swift control of PSII light-harvesting (NPQ). We discuss evolutionarily and mechanistically diverse strategies used by photosynthetic organisms to maintain PSII function for growth and productivity under static high-irradiance light or fluctuating light environments. Knowledge of mechanisms underlying PSII maintenance would facilitate bioengineering photosynthesis to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability to feed a growing world population amidst climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Functional Genomics and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu,
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Functional Genomics and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Wei Hua
| | - Robert L. Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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27
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Rangsrikitphoti P, Durnford DG. Transcriptome Profiling of Bigelowiella natans in Response to Light Stress. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:316-333. [PMID: 30055063 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bigelowiella natans is a marine chlorarachniophyte whose plastid was acquired secondarily via endosymbiosis with a green alga. During plastid evolution, the photosynthetic endosymbiont would have integrated with the host metabolic pathways. This would require the evolution and coordination of strategies to cope with changes in light intensity that includes changes in the expression of both endosymbiont and host-derived genes. To investigate the transcriptional response to light intensity in chlorarachniophytes, we conducted an RNA-seq experiment to identify differentially expressed genes following a 4-h shift to high or very-low light. A shift to high light altered the expression of over 2,000 genes, many involved with photosynthesis, PSII assembly, primary metabolism, and reactive-oxygen scavenging. These changes are an attempt to optimize photosynthesis and increase energy sinks for excess reductant, while minimizing photooxidative stress. A transfer to very-low light resulted in a lower photosynthetic performance and metabolic alteration, reflecting an energy-limited state. Genes located on the nucleomorph, the vestigial nucleus in the plastid, had few changes in expression in either light treatment, indicating this organelle has relinquished most transcriptional control to the nucleus. Overall, during plastid origin, both host and transferred endosymbiont genes evolved a harmonized transcriptional network to respond to a classic photosynthetic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dion G Durnford
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
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28
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Liu C, Jing Y, Wang Y, Jin L, Yang L, Fu A, Shi J, Zhao F, Lan W, Luan S. Inner Envelope CHLOROPLAST MANGANESE TRANSPORTER 1 Supports Manganese Homeostasis and Phototrophic Growth in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:943-954. [PMID: 29734003 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential catalytic metal in the Mn-cluster that oxidizes water to produce oxygen during photosynthesis. However, the transport protein(s) responsible for Mn2+ import into the chloroplast remains unknown. Here, we report the characterization of Arabidopsis CMT1 (Chloroplast Manganese Transporter 1), an evolutionarily conserved protein in the Uncharacterized Protein Family 0016 (UPF0016), that is required for manganese accumulation into the chloroplast. CMT1 is expressed primarily in green tissues, and its encoded product is localized in the inner envelope membrane of the chloroplast. Disruption of CMT1 in the T-DNA insertional mutant cmt1-1 resulted in stunted plant growth, defective thylakoid stacking, and severe reduction of photosystem II complexes and photosynthetic activity. Consistent with reduced oxygen evolution capacity, the mutant chloroplasts contained less manganese than the wild-type ones. In support of its function as a Mn transporter, CMT1 protein supported the growth and enabled Mn2+ accumulation in the yeast cells of Mn2+-uptake deficient mutant (Δsmf1). Taken together, our results indicate that CMT1 functions as an inner envelope Mn transporter responsible for chloroplast Mn2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congge Liu
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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29
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Xingxing C, Jiuyang L, Huan Z, Fudong L, Shuya Z, Min X, Ke R, Yuhua W, Aigen F. Crystal structure of Psb27 from Arabidopsis thaliana determined at a resolution of 1.85 Å. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:139-146. [PMID: 29098572 PMCID: PMC5895690 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper biogenesis and maintenance of photosynthetic thylakoid membrane complexes are essential for the photosynthetic light reactions. A thylakoid lumenal protein, Psb27, plays a vital role in assembly or/and maintenance of photosystem II (PSII). In cyanobacteria, it is a small lipoprotein docked to the lumenal side of PSII, and functions in the assembly of the Mn4Ca cluster and in the PSII repair cycle. However, Psb27 from Arabidopsis thaliana is not a lipoprotein, and it is involved in PSII repair and acclimation to fluctuating light stress, suggesting a functional divergence between Arabidopsis Psb27 and cyanobacterial Psb27s. To gain a better understanding of Psb27 from higher plants, we determined the crystal structure of Arabidopsis Psb27 by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 1.85 Å. The structure of Arabidopsis Psb27 is a four-helix bundle, similar to its orthologues from cyanobacteria. However, there are several structural differences between Arabidopsis Psb27 and cyanobacterial Psb27s concerning the overall molecular shape, the N- and C-terminal structures, and the surface charge. These differences suggest that Psb27 from higher plants and cyanobacteria may function differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xingxing
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Liu Jiuyang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzai Road, Hefei, 230027 Anhui China
| | - Zhang Huan
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Li Fudong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzai Road, Hefei, 230027 Anhui China
| | - Zhang Shuya
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzai Road, Hefei, 230027 Anhui China
| | - Xu Min
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Ruan Ke
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzai Road, Hefei, 230027 Anhui China
| | - Wang Yuhua
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Fu Aigen
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
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30
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Dubreuil C, Jin X, Barajas-López JDD, Hewitt TC, Tanz SK, Dobrenel T, Schröder WP, Hanson J, Pesquet E, Grönlund A, Small I, Strand Å. Establishment of Photosynthesis through Chloroplast Development Is Controlled by Two Distinct Regulatory Phases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1199-1214. [PMID: 28626007 PMCID: PMC5813571 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts develop from undifferentiated proplastids present in meristematic tissue. Thus, chloroplast biogenesis is closely connected to leaf development, which restricts our ability to study the process of chloroplast biogenesis per se. As a consequence, we know relatively little about the regulatory mechanisms behind the establishment of the photosynthetic reactions and how the activities of the two genomes involved are coordinated during chloroplast development. We developed a single cell-based experimental system from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with high temporal resolution allowing for investigations of the transition from proplastids to functional chloroplasts. Using this unique cell line, we could show that the establishment of photosynthesis is dependent on a regulatory mechanism involving two distinct phases. The first phase is triggered by rapid light-induced changes in gene expression and the metabolome. The second phase is dependent on the activation of the chloroplast and generates massive changes in the nuclear gene expression required for the transition to photosynthetically functional chloroplasts. The second phase also is associated with a spatial transition of the chloroplasts from clusters around the nucleus to the final position at the cell cortex. Thus, the establishment of photosynthesis is a two-phase process with a clear checkpoint associated with the second regulatory phase allowing coordination of the activities of the nuclear and plastid genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Dubreuil
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xu Jin
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Timothy C Hewitt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Sandra K Tanz
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Dobrenel
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang P Schröder
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johannes Hanson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Grönlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ian Small
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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31
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A chloroplast thylakoid lumen protein is required for proper photosynthetic acclimation of plants under fluctuating light environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8110-E8117. [PMID: 28874535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712206114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite our increasingly sophisticated understanding of mechanisms ensuring efficient photosynthesis under laboratory-controlled light conditions, less is known about the regulation of photosynthesis under fluctuating light. This is important because-in nature-photosynthetic organisms experience rapid and extreme changes in sunlight, potentially causing deleterious effects on photosynthetic efficiency and productivity. Here we report that the chloroplast thylakoid lumenal protein MAINTENANCE OF PHOTOSYSTEM II UNDER HIGH LIGHT 2 (MPH2; encoded by At4g02530) is required for growth acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana plants under controlled photoinhibitory light and fluctuating light environments. Evidence is presented that mph2 mutant light stress susceptibility results from a defect in photosystem II (PSII) repair, and our results are consistent with the hypothesis that MPH2 is involved in disassembling monomeric complexes during regeneration of dimeric functional PSII supercomplexes. Moreover, mph2-and previously characterized PSII repair-defective mutants-exhibited reduced growth under fluctuating light conditions, while PSII photoprotection-impaired mutants did not. These findings suggest that repair is not only required for PSII maintenance under static high-irradiance light conditions but is also a regulatory mechanism facilitating photosynthetic adaptation under fluctuating light environments. This work has implications for improvement of agricultural plant productivity through engineering PSII repair.
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32
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Wang Z, Liu W, Fan G, Zhai X, Zhao Z, Dong Y, Deng M, Cao Y. Quantitative proteome-level analysis of paulownia witches' broom disease with methyl methane sulfonate assistance reveals diverse metabolic changes during the infection and recovery processes. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3495. [PMID: 28690927 PMCID: PMC5497676 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) disease caused by phytoplasma is a fatal disease that leads to considerable economic losses. Although there are a few reports describing studies of PaWB pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying phytoplasma pathogenicity in Paulownia trees remain uncharacterized. In this study, after building a transcriptome database containing 67,177 sequences, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to quantify and analyze the proteome-level changes among healthy P. fortunei (PF), PaWB-infected P. fortunei (PFI), and PaWB-infected P. fortunei treated with 20 mg L-1 or 60 mg L-1 methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) (PFI-20 and PFI-60, respectively). A total of 2,358 proteins were identified. We investigated the proteins profiles in PF vs. PFI (infected process) and PFI-20 vs. PFI-60 (recovered process), and further found that many of the MMS-response proteins mapped to "photosynthesis" and "ribosome" pathways. Based on our comparison scheme, 36 PaWB-related proteins were revealed. Among them, 32 proteins were classified into three functional groups: (1) carbohydrate and energy metabolism, (2) protein synthesis and degradation, and (3) stress resistance. We then investigated the PaWB-related proteins involved in the infected and recovered processes, and discovered that carbohydrate and energy metabolism was inhibited, and protein synthesis and degradation decreased, as the plant responded to PaWB. Our observations may be useful for characterizing the proteome-level changes that occur at different stages of PaWB disease. The data generated in this study may serve as a valuable resource for elucidating the pathogenesis of PaWB disease during phytoplasma infection and recovery stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenshan Liu
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Zhenli Zhao
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Dong
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minjie Deng
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yabing Cao
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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33
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Liang S, Qi Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Wang R, Shao J, Liu X, An L, Yu F. Mutations in the Arabidopsis AtMRS2-11/ AtMGT10/ VAR5 Gene Cause Leaf Reticulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2007. [PMID: 29234332 PMCID: PMC5712471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the development of functional chloroplasts is essential for photosynthesis and many other physiological processes. With a long-term goal of elucidating the genetic regulation of chloroplast development, we identified two allelic leaf variegation mutants, variegated5-1 (var5-1) and var5-2. Both mutants showed a distinct leaf reticulation phenotype of yellow paraveinal regions and green interveinal regions, and the leaf reticulation phenotype correlated with photosynthetic defects. Through the identification of mutation sites in the two mutant alleles and the molecular complementation, we confirmed that VAR5 encodes a CorA family of Mg2+ transporters also known as AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10. Using protoplast transient expression and biochemical fractionation assays, we demonstrated that AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10/VAR5 likely localizes to the chloroplast envelope. Moreover, we established that AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10/VAR5 forms large molecular weight complexes in the chloroplast and the sizes of these complexes clearly exceed those of their bacterial counterparts, suggesting the compositions of CorA Mg2+ transporter complex is different between the chloroplast and bacteria. Our findings indicate that AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10/VAR5 plays an important role in the tissue specific regulation of chloroplast development.
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34
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Fan M, Gao S, Ren J, Yang Q, Li H, Yang C, Ye Z. Overexpression of SlRBZ Results in Chlorosis and Dwarfism through Impairing Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:907. [PMID: 27446137 PMCID: PMC4916219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ZFPs play important roles in many biological processes, including plant development, stress response, and phytohormone response. RanBP2-type zinc finger transcription factors have been characterized in animals and humans. However, their functions remain largely unknown in plants. In this study, we identified a RanBP2-type zinc finger protein gene (SlRBZ) in tomato. SlRBZ was constitutively expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The SlRBZ-GFP fused protein was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of SlRBZ resulted in chlorosis and dwarf phenotypes in tomato. Determination of physiological index showed that chlorophyll, carotenoid, and GAs contents were evidently decreased in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analyses demonstrated that the transcription of the genes involved in these biosynthesis pathways obviously decreased in SlRBZ-OE plants. In addition, ultrastructural observation by transmission electron microscopy indicated that plastids could not develop into mature chloroplasts with normal chloroplast membrane and thylakoid membrane system in SlRBZ-OE plants. The results suggest that overexpression of SlRBZ may impair the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and gibberellin through blocking chloroplast development, resulting in chlorosis and dwarfism in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Teachers CollegeFuyang, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Junling Ren
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Changxian Yang
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Zhibiao Ye
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Cormann KU, Möller M, Nowaczyk MM. Critical Assessment of Protein Cross-Linking and Molecular Docking: An Updated Model for the Interaction Between Photosystem II and Psb27. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:157. [PMID: 26925076 PMCID: PMC4758025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a large membrane-protein complex composed of about 20 subunits and various cofactors, which mediates the light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone, and is part of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain that is localized in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The stepwise assembly of PSII is guided and facilitated by numerous auxiliary proteins that play specific roles in this spatiotemporal process. Psb27, a small protein localized in the thylakoid lumen, appears to associate with an intermediate PSII complex that is involved in assembly of the Mn4CaO5 cluster. Its precise binding position on the PSII intermediate remains elusive, as previous approaches to the localization of Psb27 on PSII have yielded contradictory results. This was our motivation for a critical assessment of previously used methods and the development of an improved analysis pipeline. The combination of chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry (CX-MS) with isotope-coded cross-linkers was refined and validated with reference to the PSII crystal structure. Psb27 was localized on the PSII surface adjacent to the large lumenal domain of CP43 on the basis of a cross-link connecting Psb27-K91 to CP43-K381. Additional contacts associating Psb27 with CP47 and the C-termini of D1 and D2 were detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. This information was used to model the binding of Psb27 to the PSII surface in a region that is occupied by PsbV in the mature complex.
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Ifuku K. Localization and functional characterization of the extrinsic subunits of photosystem II: an update. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1223-31. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), which catalyzes photosynthetic water oxidation, is composed of more than 20 subunits, including membrane-intrinsic and -extrinsic proteins. The extrinsic proteins of PSII shield the catalytic Mn4CaO5 cluster from exogenous reductants and serve to optimize oxygen evolution at physiological ionic conditions. These proteins include PsbO, found in all oxygenic organisms, PsbP and PsbQ, specific to higher plants and green algae, and PsbU, PsbV, CyanoQ, and CyanoP in cyanobacteria. Furthermore, red algal PSII has PsbQ′ in addition to PsbO, PsbV, and PsbU, and diatoms have Psb31 in supplement to red algal-type extrinsic proteins, exemplifying the functional divergence of these proteins during evolution. This review provides an updated summary of recent findings on PSII extrinsic proteins and discusses their binding, function, and evolution within various photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Bassi R. Sharing light between two photosystems: mechanism of state transitions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:71-8. [PMID: 26002067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the thylakoid membrane, the two photosystems act in series to promote linear electron flow, with the concomitant production of ATP and reducing equivalents such as NADPH. Photosystem I, which is preferentially activated in far-red light, also energizes cyclic electron flow which generates only ATP. Thus, changes in light quality and cellular metabolic demand require a rapid regulation of the activity of the two photosystems. At low light intensities, this is mediated by state transitions. They allow the dynamic allocation of light harvesting antennae to the two photosystems, regulated through protein phosphorylation by a kinase and phosphatase pair that respond to the redox state of the electron transfer chain. Phosphorylation of the antennae leads to remodeling of the photosynthetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, 15, strada Le Grazie, 37134 Verona, Italy
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