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Olsen LF, Lunding A. On the coupling of intracellular K + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ to glycolytic oscillations in yeast. Yeast 2024; 41:486-498. [PMID: 39031655 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the interplay between glycolytic oscillations and intracellularK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ concentration in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. IntracellularK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ concentration was measured using the fluorophore potassium-binding benzofuranisophthalate (PBFI). We found thatK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ is an essential ion for the occurrence of glycolytic oscillations and that intracellularK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ concentration oscillates synchronously with other variables such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH), intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and mitochondrial membrane potential. We also investigated if glycolysis and intracellularK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ concentration oscillate in a number of yeast strains with mutations inK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ transporters in the plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane and in the vacuolar membrane. Most of these strains are still capable of showing glycolytic oscillations, but two strains are not: (i) a strain with a deletion in the mitochondrial Mdm38pK + ∕ H + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}\unicode{x02215}{{\rm{H}}}^{+}$ transporter and (ii) a strain with deletion of the late endosomal Nhx1pK + ∕ H + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}\unicode{x02215}{{\rm{H}}}^{+}$ (Na + ∕ H + ${\text{Na}}^{+}\unicode{x02215}{{\rm{H}}}^{+}$ ) transporter. In these two mutant strains intracellularK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ concentration seems to be low, indicating that the two transporters may be involved in transport ofK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ into the cytosol. In the strain, Mdm38pΔ ${\rm{\Delta }}$ oscillations in glycolysis could be restored by addition of theK + ∕ H + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}\unicode{x02215}{{\rm{H}}}^{+}$ exchange ionophore nigericin. Furthermore, in two nonoscillating mutant strains with a defective V-ATPase and deletion of the Arp1p protein the intracellularK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ is relatively high, suggesting that the V-ATPase is essential for transport ofK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ out of the cytosol and that the cytoskeleton may be involved in bindingK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ to reduce the concentration of free ion in the cytosol. Analyses of the time series of oscillations of NADH, ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and potassium concentration using data-driven modeling corroborate the conjecture thatK + ${{\rm{K}}}^{+}$ ion is essential for the emergence of oscillations and support the experimental findings using mutant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars F Olsen
- PhyLife, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anita Lunding
- PhyLife, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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2
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Xiong LI, Garfinkel A. Are physiological oscillations physiological? J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37622389 DOI: 10.1113/jp285015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread and striking examples of physiological oscillations, their functional role is often unclear. Even glycolysis, the paradigm example of oscillatory biochemistry, has seen questions about its oscillatory function. Here, we take a systems approach to argue that oscillations play critical physiological roles, such as enabling systems to avoid desensitization, to avoid chronically high and therefore toxic levels of chemicals, and to become more resistant to noise. Oscillation also enables complex physiological systems to reconcile incompatible conditions such as oxidation and reduction, by cycling between them, and to synchronize the oscillations of many small units into one large effect. In pancreatic β-cells, glycolytic oscillations synchronize with calcium and mitochondrial oscillations to drive pulsatile insulin release, critical for liver regulation of glucose. In addition, oscillation can keep biological time, essential for embryonic development in promoting cell diversity and pattern formation. The functional importance of oscillatory processes requires a re-thinking of the traditional doctrine of homeostasis, holding that physiological quantities are maintained at constant equilibrium values, a view that has largely failed in the clinic. A more dynamic approach will initiate a paradigm shift in our view of health and disease. A deeper look into the mechanisms that create, sustain and abolish oscillatory processes requires the language of nonlinear dynamics, well beyond the linearization techniques of equilibrium control theory. Nonlinear dynamics enables us to identify oscillatory ('pacemaking') mechanisms at the cellular, tissue and system levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Ivy Xiong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan Garfinkel
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Amemiya T, Shibata K, Yamaguchi T. Metabolic Oscillations and Glycolytic Phenotypes of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11914. [PMID: 37569294 PMCID: PMC10419005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells show several metabolic phenotypes depending on the cancer types and the microenvironments in tumor tissues. The glycolytic phenotype is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells and is considered to be one of the crucial features of malignant cancers. Here, we show glycolytic oscillations in the concentrations of metabolites in the glycolytic pathway in two types of cancer cells, HeLa cervical cancer cells and DU145 prostate cancer cells, and in two types of cellular morphologies, spheroids and monolayers. Autofluorescence from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in cells was used for monitoring the glycolytic oscillations at the single-cell level. The frequencies of NADH oscillations were different among the cellular types and morphologies, indicating that more glycolytic cancer cells tended to exhibit oscillations with higher frequencies than less glycolytic cells. A mathematical model for glycolytic oscillations in cancer cells reproduced the experimental results quantitatively, confirming that the higher frequencies of oscillations were due to the higher activities of glycolytic enzymes. Thus, glycolytic oscillations are expected as a medical indicator to evaluate the malignancy of cancer cells with glycolytic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Amemiya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University (YNU), 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;
| | - Kenichi Shibata
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University (YNU), 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;
| | - Tomohiko Yamaguchi
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan;
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4
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Abstract
Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and tissue status and elucidate dynamic changes in cell or tissue metabolism. Various tools and methods to measure the temporal, spectral, and spatial properties of NADH and FAD autofluorescence have been developed. Specifically, an optical redox ratio of cofactor fluorescence intensities and NADH fluorescence lifetime parameters have been used in numerous applications, but significant work remains to mature this technology for understanding dynamic changes in metabolism. This article describes the current understanding of our optical sensitivity to different metabolic pathways and highlights current challenges in the field. Recent progress in addressing these challenges and acquiring more quantitative information in faster and more metabolically relevant formats is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA;
- Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Arkansas Integrative Metabolic Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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5
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Chu DT, Thi YVN, Chew NW. Histone modifications in fat metabolism and obesity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 197:135-152. [PMID: 37019590 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the obesity epidemic as one of the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality. Obesity affects individual health, and quality of life and has negative long-term economic implications on society and the entire country. In recent years, studies on histone modifications in fat metabolism and obesity have received great attention. Processes such as methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA expression are mechanisms in epigenetic regulation. These processes play a particularly important role in cell development and differentiation through gene regulation. In this chapter, we discuss the types of histone modifications in adipose tissue under different conditions, the role of histone modifications in adipose tissue development, and the relationship between histone modifications and biosynthesis in the body. In addition, the chapter provides detailed information on histone modifications in obesity, the relationship between histone modifications and food consumption status, and the role of histone modifications in overweight and obesity.
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6
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Tan TCY, Dunning KR. Non-invasive assessment of oocyte developmental competence. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 35:39-50. [PMID: 36592982 DOI: 10.1071/rd22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte quality is a key factor influencing IVF success. The oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells, known collectively as the cumulus oocyte complex (COC), communicate bi-directionally and regulate each other's metabolic function to support oocyte growth and maturation. Many studies have attempted to associate metabolic markers with oocyte quality, including metabolites in follicular fluid or 'spent medium' following maturation, gene expression of cumulus cells and measuring oxygen consumption in medium surrounding COCs. However, these methods fail to provide spatial metabolic information on the separate oocyte and cumulus cell compartments. Optical imaging of the autofluorescent cofactors - reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) - has been put forward as an approach to generate spatially resolved measurements of metabolism within individual cells of the COC. The optical redox ratio (FAD/[NAD(P)H+FAD]), calculated from these cofactors, can act as an indicator of overall metabolic activity in the oocyte and cumulus cell compartments. Confocal microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and hyperspectral microscopy may be used for this purpose. This review provides an overview of current optical imaging techniques that capture the inner biochemistry within cells of the COC and discusses the potential for such imaging to assess oocyte developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Y Tan
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kylie R Dunning
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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7
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Morrison AJ. Cancer cell metabolism connects epigenetic modifications to transcriptional regulation. FEBS J 2022; 289:1302-1314. [PMID: 34036737 PMCID: PMC8613311 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of cellular function with the nutrient environment is essential for survival. Failure to adapt can lead to cell death and/or disease. Indeed, energy metabolism alterations are a major contributing factor for many pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In particular, a primary characteristic of cancer cells is altered metabolism that promotes survival and proliferation even in the presence of limited nutrients. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that metabolic pathways produce intermediary metabolites that directly influence epigenetic modifications in the genome. Emerging evidence demonstrates that metabolic processes in cancer cells fuel malignant growth, in part, through epigenetic regulation of gene expression programs important for proliferation and adaptive survival. In this review, recent progress toward understanding the relationship of cancer cell metabolism, epigenetic modification, and transcriptional regulation will be discussed. Specifically, the need for adaptive cell metabolism and its modulation in cancer cells will be introduced. Current knowledge on the emerging field of metabolite production and epigenetic modification will also be reviewed. Alterations of DNA (de)methylation, histone modifications, such as (de)methylation and (de)acylation, as well as chromatin remodeling, will be discussed in the context of cancer cell metabolism. Finally, how these epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer cell phenotypes will be summarized. Collectively, these studies reveal that both metabolic and epigenetic pathways in cancer cells are closely linked, representing multiple opportunities to therapeutically target the unique features of malignant growth.
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Mehta N, Shaik S, Prasad A, Chaichi A, Sahu SP, Liu Q, Hasan SMA, Sheikh E, Donnarumma F, Murray KK, Fu X, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. Multimodal Label-Free Monitoring of Adipogenic Stem Cell Differentiation Using Endogenous Optical Biomarkers. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2103955. [PMID: 34924914 PMCID: PMC8680429 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies carry significant promise for treating human diseases. However, clinical translation of stem cell transplants for effective treatment requires precise non-destructive evaluation of the purity of stem cells with high sensitivity (<0.001% of the number of cells). Here, a novel methodology using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with spectral angle mapping-based machine learning analysis is reported to distinguish differentiating human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) from control stem cells. The spectral signature of adipogenesis generated by the HSI method enables identifying differentiated cells at single-cell resolution. The label-free HSI method is compared with the standard techniques such as Oil Red O staining, fluorescence microscopy, and qPCR that are routinely used to evaluate adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. HSI is successfully used to assess the abundance of adipocytes derived from transplanted cells in a transgenic mice model. Further, Raman microscopy and multiphoton-based metabolic imaging is performed to provide complementary information for the functional imaging of the hASCs. Finally, the HSI method is validated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of the stem cells. The study presented here demonstrates that multimodal imaging methods enable label-free identification of stem cell differentiation with high spatial and chemical resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishir Mehta
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shahensha Shaik
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Alisha Prasad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ardalan Chaichi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sushant P Sahu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Qianglin Liu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Syed Mohammad Abid Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Elnaz Sheikh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Fabrizio Donnarumma
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kermit K Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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9
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Hauser MJB. Synchronisation of glycolytic activity in yeast cells. Curr Genet 2021; 68:69-81. [PMID: 34633492 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis is the central metabolic pathway of almost every cell and organism. Under appropriate conditions, glycolytic oscillations may occur in individual cells as well as in entire cell populations or tissues. In many biological systems, glycolytic oscillations drive coherent oscillations of other metabolites, for instance in cardiomyocytes near anorexia, or in pancreas where they lead to a pulsatile release of insulin. Oscillations at the population or tissue level require the cells to synchronize their metabolism. We review the progress achieved in studying a model organism for glycolytic oscillations, namely yeast. Oscillations may occur on the level of individual cells as well as on the level of the cell population. In yeast, the cell-to-cell interaction is realized by diffusion-mediated intercellular communication via a messenger molecule. The present mini-review focuses on the synchronisation of glycolytic oscillations in yeast. Synchronisation is a quorum-sensing phenomenon because the collective oscillatory behaviour of a yeast cell population ceases when the cell density falls below a threshold. We review the question, under which conditions individual cells in a sparse population continue or cease to oscillate. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the pathway leading to the onset of synchronized oscillations. We also address the effects of spatial inhomogeneities (e.g., the formation of spatial clusters) on the collective dynamics, and also review the emergence of travelling waves of glycolytic activity. Finally, we briefly review the approaches used in numerical modelling of synchronized cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J B Hauser
- Faculty of Natural Science, Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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10
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Pasternak G, Hanczyc MM. Novel method for detecting and quantifying phenol with transient response of glycolytic oscillations of synchronised yeast cells. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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11
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Jahan I, Corbin KL, Bogart AM, Whitticar NB, Waters CD, Schildmeyer C, Vann NW, West HL, Law NC, Wiseman JS, Nunemaker CS. Reducing Glucokinase Activity Restores Endogenous Pulsatility and Enhances Insulin Secretion in Islets From db/db Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3747-3760. [PMID: 30239634 PMCID: PMC6202857 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An early sign of islet failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the loss of normal patterns of pulsatile insulin release. Disruptions in pulsatility are associated with a left shift in glucose sensing that can cause excessive insulin release in low glucose (relative hyperinsulinemia, a hallmark of early T2D) and β-cell exhaustion, leading to inadequate insulin release during hyperglycemia. Our hypothesis was that reducing excessive glucokinase activity in diabetic islets would improve their function. Isolated mouse islets were exposed to glucose and varying concentrations of the glucokinase inhibitor d-mannoheptulose (MH) to examine changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and insulin secretion. Acutely exposing islets from control CD-1 mice to MH in high glucose (20 mM) dose dependently reduced the size of [Ca2+]i oscillations detected by fura-2 acetoxymethyl. Glucokinase activation in low glucose (3 mM) had the opposite effect. We then treated islets from male and female db/db mice (age, 4 to 8 weeks) and heterozygous controls overnight with 0 to 10 mM MH to determine that 1 mM MH produced optimal oscillations. We then used 1 mM MH overnight to measure [Ca2+]i and insulin simultaneously in db/db islets. MH restored oscillations and increased insulin secretion. Insulin secretion rates correlated with MH-induced increases in amplitude of [Ca2+]i oscillations (R2 = 0.57, P < 0.01, n = 10) but not with mean [Ca2+]i levels in islets (R2 = 0.05, not significant). Our findings show that correcting glucose sensing can restore proper pulsatility to diabetic islets and improved pulsatility correlates with enhanced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Kathryn L Corbin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Avery M Bogart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Nicholas B Whitticar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Christopher D Waters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Cara Schildmeyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Nicholas W Vann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hannah L West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Nathan C Law
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | | | - Craig S Nunemaker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Correspondence: Craig S. Nunemaker, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 228 Irvine Hall, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701. E-mail:
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12
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Lefever R. The rehabilitation of irreversible processes and dissipative structures' 50th anniversary. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0365. [PMID: 29891494 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, Ilya Prigogine would have been 100 years of age. As for any human being, this centenary is a notable event. For him, as a scientist, 2017 was also above all the 50th anniversary of dissipative structures It was indeed in 1967 that for the first time he used this denomination at the occasion of an important scientific event and in publications. The attribution of this qualification for self-organized behaviours of matter only possible far from equilibrium coincided with the outcome of a research effort of more than 25 years. Centred in thermodynamics and statistical physics on the role played by irreversible processes in the physical evolution of matter, the aim of this research is clear from the outset of his scientific career. With visionary personal intuition and iron-willed determination, it was pursued. The road to success had been long and sinuous, but finally it led to what he called the rehabilitation of irreversible processes The progresses that stand out as major landmarks of this endeavour that imposed a U-turn with respect to conceptions of classical physics deeply rooted since the nineteenth century will be described. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dissipative structures in matter out of equilibrium: from chemistry, photonics and biology (Part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Lefever
- Université libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Faculté des Sciences, CP. 231, Campus Plaine, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Krishna S, Laxman S. A minimal "push-pull" bistability model explains oscillations between quiescent and proliferative cell states. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2243-2258. [PMID: 30044724 PMCID: PMC6249812 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A minimal model for oscillating between quiescent and growth/proliferation states, dependent on the availability of a central metabolic resource, is presented. From the yeast metabolic cycles, metabolic oscillations in oxygen consumption are represented as transitions between quiescent and growth states. We consider metabolic resource availability, growth rates, and switching rates (between states) to model a relaxation oscillator explaining transitions between these states. This frustrated bistability model reveals a required communication between the metabolic resource that determines oscillations and the quiescent and growth state cells. Cells in each state reflect memory, or hysteresis of their current state, and “push–pull” cells from the other state. Finally, a parsimonious argument is made for a specific central metabolite as the controller of switching between quiescence and growth states. We discuss how an oscillator built around the availability of such a metabolic resource is sufficient to generally regulate oscillations between growth and quiescence through committed transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Krishna
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Sunil Laxman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
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14
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Yano T, Afroundeh R, Shirakawa K, Lian CS, Shibata K, Xiao Z, Yunoki T. Oscillation in tissue oxygen index during recovery from exercise. Physiol Res 2016; 65:259-69. [PMID: 26447517 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It was hypothesized that an oscillation of tissue oxygen index (TOI) determined by near-infrared spectroscopy during recovery from exercise occurs due to feedback control of adenosine triphosphate and that frequency of the oscillation is affected by blood pH. In order to examine these hypotheses, we aimed 1) to determine whether there is an oscillation of TOI during recovery from exercise and 2) to determine the effect of blood pH on frequency of the oscillation of TOI. Three exercises were performed with exercise intensities of 30 % and 70 % peak oxygen uptake (V(.)o(2)peak) for 12 min and with exercise intensity of 70 % V(.)o(2)peak for 30 s. TOI during recovery from the exercise was analyzed by fast Fourier transform in order to obtain power spectra density (PSD). There was a significant difference in the frequency at which maximal PSD of TOI appeared (Fmax) between the exercises with 70 % V(.)o(2)peak for 12 min (0.0039+/-0 Hz) and for 30 s (0.0061+/-0.0028 Hz). However, there was no significant difference in Fmax between the exercises with 30 % (0.0043+/-0.0013 Hz) and with 70 % V(.)o(2)peak for 12 min despite differences in blood pH and blood lactate from the warmed fingertips. It is concluded that there was an oscillation in TOI during recovery from the three exercises. It was not clearly shown that there was an effect of blood pH on Fmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yano
- Department of Human Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Japan.
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Hou J, Wright HJ, Chan N, Tran R, Razorenova OV, Potma EO, Tromberg BJ. Correlating two-photon excited fluorescence imaging of breast cancer cellular redox state with seahorse flux analysis of normalized cellular oxygen consumption. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:60503. [PMID: 27300321 PMCID: PMC4906146 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) imaging of the cellular cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide is widely used to measure cellular metabolism, both in normal and pathological cells and tissues. When dual-wavelength excitation is used, ratiometric TPEF imaging of the intrinsic cofactor fluorescence provides a metabolic index of cells—the “optical redox ratio” (ORR). With increased interest in understanding and controlling cellular metabolism in cancer, there is a need to evaluate the performance of ORR in malignant cells. We compare TPEF metabolic imaging with seahorse flux analysis of cellular oxygen consumption in two different breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). We monitor metabolic index in living cells under both normal culture conditions and, for MCF-7, in response to cell respiration inhibitors and uncouplers. We observe a significant correlation between the TPEF-derived ORR and the flux analyzer measurements (R=0.7901, p<0.001). Our results confirm that the ORR is a valid dynamic index of cell metabolism under a range of oxygen consumption conditions relevant for cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hou
- University of California, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Heather J. Wright
- University of California, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Nicole Chan
- University of California, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Richard Tran
- University of California, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Olga V. Razorenova
- University of California, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Eric O. Potma
- University of California, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Bruce J. Tromberg
- University of California, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Bruce J. Tromberg, E-mail:
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Cyanohydrin reactions enhance glycolytic oscillations in yeast. Biophys Chem 2015; 200-201:18-26. [PMID: 25863195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synchronous metabolic oscillations can be induced in yeast by addition of glucose and removal of extracellular acetaldehyde (ACAx). Compared to other means of ACAx removal, cyanide robustly induces oscillations, indicating additional cyanide reactions besides ACA to lactonitrile conversion. Here, (13)C NMR is used to confirm our previous hypothesis, that cyanide directly affects glycolytic fluxes through reaction with carbonyl-containing compounds. Intracellularly, at least 3 cyanohydrins were identified. Extracellularly, all signals could be identified and lactonitrile was found to account for ~66% of total cyanide removal. Simulations of our updated computational model show that intracellular cyanide reactions increase the amplitude of oscillations and that cyanide addition lowers [ACA] instantaneously. We conclude that cyanide provides the following means of inducing global oscillations: a) by reducing [ACAx] relative to oscillation amplitude, b) by targeting multiple intracellular carbonyl compounds during fermentation, and c) by acting as a phase resetting stimulus.
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Friis RMN, Schultz MC. The timing is right. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 21:846-7. [PMID: 25289591 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Magnus N Friis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael C Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Nunemaker CS, Satin LS. Episodic hormone secretion: a comparison of the basis of pulsatile secretion of insulin and GnRH. Endocrine 2014; 47:49-63. [PMID: 24610206 PMCID: PMC4382805 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhythms govern many endocrine functions. Examples of such rhythmic systems include the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cell, which regulates blood glucose, and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron, which governs reproductive function. Although serving very different functions within the body, these cell types share many important features. Both GnRH neurons and beta-cells, for instance, are hypothesized to generate at least two rhythms endogenously: (1) a burst firing electrical rhythm and (2) a slower rhythm involving metabolic or other intracellular processes. This review discusses the importance of hormone rhythms to both physiology and disease and compares and contrasts the rhythms generated by each system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S. Nunemaker
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of, Medicine, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801413, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA,
| | - Leslie S. Satin
- Pharmacology Department, University of Michigan Medical School, 5128 Brehm Tower, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Brehm Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan, Medical School, 5128 Brehm Tower, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Wang L, Zhao XQ, Xue C, Bai FW. Impact of osmotic stress and ethanol inhibition in yeast cells on process oscillation associated with continuous very-high-gravity ethanol fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:133. [PMID: 24041271 PMCID: PMC3849797 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VHG fermentation is a promising process engineering strategy aiming at improving ethanol titer, and thus saving energy consumption for ethanol distillation and distillage treatment. However, sustained process oscillation was observed during continuous VHG ethanol fermentation, which significantly affected ethanol fermentation performance of the system. RESULTS Sustained process oscillation was investigated in continuous VHG ethanol fermentation, and stresses exerted on yeast cells by osmotic pressure from unfermented sugars and ethanol inhibition developed within the fermentation system were postulated to be major factors triggering this phenomenon. In this article, steady state was established for continuous ethanol fermentation with LG medium containing 120 g/L glucose, and then 160 g/L non-fermentable xylose was supplemented into the LG medium to simulate the osmotic stress on yeast cells under the VHG fermentation condition, but the fermentation process was still at steady state, indicating that the impact of osmotic stress on yeast cells was not the main reason for the process oscillation. However, when 30 g/L ethanol was supplemented into the LG medium to simulate the ethanol inhibition in yeast cells under the VHG fermentation condition, process oscillation was triggered, which was augmented with extended oscillation period and exaggerated oscillation amplitude as ethanol supplementation was increased to 50 g/L, but the process oscillation was gradually attenuated when the ethanol supplementations were stopped, and the steady state was restored. Furthermore, gas stripping was incorporated into the continuous VHG fermentation system to in situ remove ethanol produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the process oscillation was also attenuated, but restored after the gas stripping was interrupted. CONCLUSIONS Experimental results indicated that ethanol inhibition rather than osmotic stress on yeast cells is one of the main factors triggering the process oscillation under the VHG fermentation condition, and in the meantime gas stripping was validated to be an effective strategy for attenuating the process oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Rd., Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Rd., Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chuang Xue
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Rd., Dalian 116023, China
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Rd., Dalian 116023, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
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20
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Hald BO, Garkier Hendriksen M, Sørensen PG. Programming strategy for efficient modeling of dynamics in a population of heterogeneous cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 29:1292-8. [PMID: 23505296 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Heterogeneity is a ubiquitous property of biological systems. Even in a genetically identical population of a single cell type, cell-to-cell differences are observed. Although the functional behavior of a given population is generally robust, the consequences of heterogeneity are fairly unpredictable. In heterogeneous populations, synchronization of events becomes a cardinal problem-particularly for phase coherence in oscillating systems. RESULTS The present article presents a novel strategy for construction of large-scale simulation programs of heterogeneous biological entities. The strategy is designed to be tractable, to handle heterogeneity and to handle computational cost issues simultaneously, primarily by writing a generator of the 'model to be simulated'. We apply the strategy to model glycolytic oscillations among thousands of yeast cells coupled through the extracellular medium. The usefulness is illustrated through (i) benchmarking, showing an almost linear relationship between model size and run time, and (ii) analysis of the resulting simulations, showing that contrary to the experimental situation, synchronous oscillations are surprisingly hard to achieve, underpinning the need for tools to study heterogeneity. Thus, we present an efficient strategy to model the biological heterogeneity, neglected by ordinary mean-field models. This tool is well posed to facilitate the elucidation of the physiologically vital problem of synchronization. AVAILABILITY The complete python code is available as Supplementary Information. CONTACT bjornhald@gmail.com or pgs@kiku.dk SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Olav Hald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Tukiendorf A, Miszczyk L, Bojarski J. Damped sinusoidal function to model acute irradiation in radiotherapy patients. Phys Med 2013; 29:513-9. [PMID: 23333064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the paper, we suggest a damped sinusoidal function be used to model a regenerative response of mucosa in time after the radiotherapy treatment. The medical history of 389 RT patients irradiated within the years 1994-2000 at the Radiotherapy Department, Cancer Center, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland, was taken into account. In the analyzed group of patients, the number of observations of a single patient ranged from 2 to 25 (mean = 8.3, median = 8) with severity determined by use of Dische's scores from 0 to 24 (mean = 7.4, median = 7). Statistical modeling of radiation-induced mucositis was performed for five groups of patients irradiated within the following radiotherapy schedules: CAIR, CB, Manchester, CHA-CHA, and Conventional. All of the regression parameters of the assumed model, i.e. amplitude, damping coefficient, angular frequency, phase of component, and offset, estimated in the analysis were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) for the radiotherapy schedules. The model was validated using a non-oscillatory function. Following goodness-of-fit statistics, the damped sinusoidal function fits the data better than the non-oscillatory damped function. Model curves for harmonic characteristics with confidence intervals were plotted separately for each of the RT schedules and together in a combined design. The suggested model might be helpful in the numeric evaluation of the RT toxicity in the groups of patients under analysis as it allows for practical comparisons and treatment optimization. A statistical approach is also briefly described in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Tukiendorf
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Center, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute of Oncology, ul. Wybrzeże AK 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
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23
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Hald BO, Smrcinova M, Sørensen PG. Influence of cyanide on diauxic oscillations in yeast. FEBS J 2012; 279:4410-20. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn O. Hald
- Department of Biomedical Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
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24
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Williamson T, Adiamah D, Schwartz JM, Stateva L. Exploring the genetic control of glycolytic oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:108. [PMID: 22920924 PMCID: PMC3497587 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A well known example of oscillatory phenomena is the transient oscillations of glycolytic intermediates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their regulation being predominantly investigated by mathematical modeling. To our knowledge there has not been a genetic approach to elucidate the regulatory role of the different enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. RESULTS We report that the laboratory strain BY4743 could also be used to investigate this oscillatory phenomenon, which traditionally has been studied using S. cerevisiae X2180. This has enabled us to employ existing isogenic deletion mutants and dissect the roles of isoforms, or subunits of key glycolytic enzymes in glycolytic oscillations. We demonstrate that deletion of TDH3 but not TDH2 and TDH1 (encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: GAPDH) abolishes NADH oscillations. While deletion of each of the hexokinase (HK) encoding genes (HXK1 and HXK2) leads to oscillations that are longer lasting with lower amplitude, the effect of HXK2 deletion on the duration of the oscillations is stronger than that of HXK1. Most importantly our results show that the presence of beta (Pfk2) but not that of alpha subunits (Pfk1) of the hetero-octameric enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) is necessary to achieve these oscillations. Furthermore, we report that the cAMP-mediated PKA pathway (via some of its components responsible for feedback down-regulation) modulates the activity of glycoytic enzymes thus affecting oscillations. Deletion of both PDE2 (encoding a high affinity cAMP-phosphodiesterase) and IRA2 (encoding a GTPase activating protein- Ras-GAP, responsible for inactivating Ras-GTP) abolished glycolytic oscillations. CONCLUSIONS The genetic approach to characterising the glycolytic oscillations in yeast has demonstrated differential roles of the two types of subunits of PFK, and the isoforms of GAPDH and HK. Furthermore, it has shown that PDE2 and IRA2, encoding components of the cAMP pathway responsible for negative feedback regulation of PKA, are required for glycolytic oscillations, suggesting an enticing link between these cAMP pathway components and the glycolysis pathway enzymes shown to have the greatest role in glycolytic oscillation. This study suggests that a systematic genetic approach combined with mathematical modelling can advance the study of oscillatory phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Williamson
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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25
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Daley SME, Kappell AD, Carrick MJ, Burnap RL. Regulation of the cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating mechanism involves internal sensing of NADP+ and α-ketogutarate levels by transcription factor CcmR. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41286. [PMID: 22911771 PMCID: PMC3401165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic carbon is the major macronutrient required by organisms utilizing oxygenic photosynthesis for autotrophic growth. Aquatic photoautotrophic organisms are dependent upon a CO(2) concentrating mechanism (CCM) to overcome the poor CO(2)-affinity of the major carbon-fixing enzyme, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). The CCM involves the active transport of inorganic forms of carbon (C(i)) into the cell to increase the CO(2) concentration around the active site of Rubisco. It employs both bicarbonate transporters and redox-powered CO(2)-hydration enzymes coupled to membranous NDH-type electron transport complexes that collectively produce C(i) concentrations up to a 1000-fold greater in the cytoplasm compared to the external environment. The CCM is regulated: a high affinity CCM comprised of multiple components is induced under limiting external Ci concentrations. The LysR-type transcriptional regulator CcmR has been shown to repress its own expression along with structural genes encoding high affinity C(i) transporters distributed throughout the genome of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. While much has been learned about the structural genes of the CCM and the identity of the transcriptional regulators controlling their expression, little is known about the physiological signals that elicit the induction of the high affinity CCM. Here CcmR is studied to identify metabolites that modulate its transcriptional repressor activity. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+)) have been identified as the co-repressors of CcmR. Additionally, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG) have been confirmed as co-activators of CmpR which controls the expression of the ABC-type bicarbonate transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. E. Daley
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Anthony D. Kappell
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Marla J. Carrick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Burnap
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
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26
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Abstract
How cells sense and respond to environmental cues remains a central question of biological research. Recent evidence suggests that DNA transcription is regulated by chromatin organization. However, the mechanism for relaying the cytoplasmic signaling to chromatin remodeling remains incompletely understood. Although much emphasis has been put on delineating transcriptional output of growth factor/hormonal signaling pathways, accumulated evidence from yeast and mammalian systems suggest that metabolic signals also play critical roles in determining chromatin structure. Here we summarize recent progress in understanding the molecular connection between metabolism and epigenetic modifications of chromatin implicated in a variety of diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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27
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Abstract
Optical microscopic imaging offers opportunities to perform noninvasive assessments of numerous parameters associated with the biochemistry, morphology, and functional state of biological samples. For example, it is possible to detect the endogenous fluorescence from a small number of important biomolecules, including NADH and FAD, which are two coenzymes involved in key metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we review different imaging approaches to isolate the fluorescence from these chromophores in two- and three-dimensional samples and discuss the origins and potential interpretation of the observed signals in terms of cell metabolic status. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations of these approaches, as well as important research directions that we expect will evolve in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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28
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Quinn KP, Bellas E, Fourligas N, Lee K, Kaplan DL, Georgakoudi I. Characterization of metabolic changes associated with the functional development of 3D engineered tissues by non-invasive, dynamic measurement of individual cell redox ratios. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5341-8. [PMID: 22560200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive approaches to assess tissue function could improve significantly current methods to diagnose diseases and optimize engineered tissues. In this study, we describe a two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy approach that relies entirely on endogenous fluorophores to dynamically quantify functional metabolic readouts from individual cells within three-dimensional engineered tissues undergoing adipogenic differentiation over six months. Specifically, we employ an automated approach to analyze 3D image volumes and extract a redox ratio of metabolic cofactors. We identify a decrease in redox ratio over the first two months of culture that is associated with stem cell differentiation and lipogenesis. In addition, we demonstrate that the presence of endothelial cells facilitate greater cell numbers deeper within the engineered tissues. Since traditional assessments of engineered tissue structure and function are destructive and logistically intensive, this non-destructive, label-free approach offers a potentially powerful high-content characterization tool for optimizing tissue engineering protocols and assessing engineered tissue implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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29
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Abstract
We
will discuss fungal communication in the context
of fundamental biological functions including
mating, growth, morphogenesis, and the regulation
of fungal virulence determinants. We will
address intraspecies but also interkingdom
signaling by systematically discussing the
sender of the message, the molecular message, and
receiver. Analyzing communication shows the
close coevolution of fungi with organisms
present in their environment giving insights
into multispecies communication. A better
understanding of the molecular mechanisms
underlying microbial communication will promote
our understanding of the “fungal
communicome.”
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30
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Postnikov EB, Verveyko DV, Verisokin AY. Simple model for temperature control of glycolytic oscillations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:062901. [PMID: 21797427 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.062901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the temperature-dependent autocatalytic coefficient into the Merkin-Needham-Scott version of the Selkov system and consider the resulting equations as a model for temperature-controlled, self-sustained glycolytic oscillations in a closed reactor. It has been shown that this simple model reproduces key features observed in the experiments with temperature growth: (i) exponentially decreasing period of oscillations; (ii) reversal of relative duration leading and tail fronts. The applied model also reproduces the modulations of oscillations induced by the periodic temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Postnikov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Kursk State University, Kursk, Russia.
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31
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Hald BO, Sørensen PG. Modeling diauxic glycolytic oscillations in yeast. Biophys J 2011; 99:3191-9. [PMID: 21081066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolytic oscillations in a stirred suspension of starved yeast cells is an excellent model system for studying the dynamics of metabolic switching in living systems. In an open-flow system the oscillations can be maintained indefinitely at a constant operating point where they can be characterized quantitatively by experimental quenching and bifurcation analysis. In this article, we use these methods to show that the dynamics of oscillations in a closed system is a simple transient version of the open-system dynamics. Thus, easy-setup closed-system experiments are also useful for investigations of central metabolism dynamics of yeast cells. We have previously proposed a model for the open system comprised of the primary fermentative reactions in yeast that quantitatively describes the oscillatory dynamics. However, this model fails to describe the transient behavior of metabolic switching in a closed-system experiment by feeding the yeast suspension with a glucose pulse-notably the initial NADH spike and final NADH rise. Another object of this study is to gain insight into the secondary low-flux metabolic pathways by feeding starved yeast cells with various metabolites. Experimental and computational results strongly suggest that regulation of acetaldehyde explains the observed behavior. We have extended the original model with regulation of pyruvate decarboxylase, a reversible alcohol dehydrogenase, and drainage of pyruvate. Using the method of time rescaling in the extended model, the description of the transient closed-system experiments is significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Olav Hald
- Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Diffusive coupling can discriminate between similar reaction mechanisms in an allosteric enzyme system. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2010; 4:165. [PMID: 21118520 PMCID: PMC3014969 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-4-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A central question for the understanding of biological reaction networks is how a particular dynamic behavior, such as bistability or oscillations, is realized at the molecular level. So far this question has been mainly addressed in well-mixed reaction systems which are conveniently described by ordinary differential equations. However, much less is known about how molecular details of a reaction mechanism can affect the dynamics in diffusively coupled systems because the resulting partial differential equations are much more difficult to analyze. RESULTS Motivated by recent experiments we compare two closely related mechanisms for the product activation of allosteric enzymes with respect to their ability to induce different types of reaction-diffusion waves and stationary Turing patterns. The analysis is facilitated by mapping each model to an associated complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. We show that a sequential activation mechanism, as implemented in the model of Monod, Wyman and Changeux (MWC), can generate inward rotating spiral waves which were recently observed as glycolytic activity waves in yeast extracts. In contrast, in the limiting case of a simple Hill activation, the formation of inward propagating waves is suppressed by a Turing instability. The occurrence of this unusual wave dynamics is not related to the magnitude of the enzyme cooperativity (as it is true for the occurrence of oscillations), but to the sensitivity with respect to changes of the activator concentration. Also, the MWC mechanism generates wave patterns that are more stable against long wave length perturbations. CONCLUSIONS This analysis demonstrates that amplitude equations, which describe the spatio-temporal dynamics near an instability, represent a valuable tool to investigate the molecular effects of reaction mechanisms on pattern formation in spatially extended systems. Using this approach we have shown that the occurrence of inward rotating spiral waves in glycolysis can be explained in terms of an MWC, but not with a Hill mechanism for the activation of the allosteric enzyme phosphofructokinase. Our results also highlight the importance of enzyme oligomerization for a possible experimental generation of Turing patterns in biological systems.
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Laxman S, Tu BP. Systems approaches for the study of metabolic cycles in yeast. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2010; 20:599-604. [PMID: 21051220 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Over four decades ago, the first oscillations in metabolism in yeast cells were reported. Since then, multiple forms of oscillatory behavior have been observed in yeast grown under a variety of continuous culturing environments. The remarkable synchrony of cells undergoing such oscillations has made them ideal subjects for investigation using systems-based approaches. Herein, we briefly summarize previous work on the characterization of such oscillations using systems approaches, and present the long-period, Yeast Metabolic Cycle as an excellent model system for deciphering the temporal organization of fundamental cellular and metabolic processes at unprecedented resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Laxman
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, United States
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Laxman S, Sutter BM, Tu BP. Behavior of a metabolic cycling population at the single cell level as visualized by fluorescent gene expression reporters. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12595. [PMID: 20830298 PMCID: PMC2935372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During continuous growth in specific chemostat cultures, budding yeast undergo robust oscillations in oxygen consumption that are accompanied by highly periodic changes in transcript abundance of a majority of genes, in a phenomenon called the Yeast Metabolic Cycle (YMC). This study uses fluorescent reporters of genes specific to different YMC phases in order to visualize this phenomenon and understand the temporal regulation of gene expression at the level of individual cells within the cycling population. METHODOLOGY Fluorescent gene expression reporters for different phases of the YMC were constructed and stably integrated into the yeast genome. Subsequently, these reporter-expressing yeast were used to visualize YMC dynamics at the individual cell level in cultures grown in a chemostat or in a microfluidics platform under varying glucose concentrations, using fluorescence microscopy and quantitative Western blots. CONCLUSIONS The behavior of single cells within a metabolic cycling population was visualized using phase-specific fluorescent reporters. The reporters largely recapitulated genome-specified mRNA expression profiles. A significant fraction of the cell population appeared to exhibit basal expression of the reporters, supporting the hypothesis that there are at least two distinct subpopulations of cells within the cycling population. Although approximately half of the cycling population initiated cell division in each permissive window of the YMC, metabolic synchrony of the population was maintained. Using a microfluidics platform we observed that low glucose concentrations appear to be necessary for metabolic cycling. Lastly, we propose that there is a temporal window in the oxidative growth phase of the YMC where the cycling population segregates into at least two subpopulations, one which will enter the cell cycle and one which does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Laxman
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M. Sutter
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Benjamin P. Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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Hess B, Chance B, Betz A. Isolierung eines oszillierenden Systems aus S. Carlsbergensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19640680823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Metabolic cycling in single yeast cells from unsynchronized steady-state populations limited on glucose or phosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:6946-51. [PMID: 20335538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1002422107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillations in patterns of expression of a large fraction of yeast genes are associated with the "metabolic cycle," usually seen only in prestarved, continuous cultures of yeast. We used FISH of mRNA in individual cells to test the hypothesis that these oscillations happen in single cells drawn from unsynchronized cultures growing exponentially in chemostats. Gene-expression data from synchronized cultures were used to predict coincident appearance of mRNAs from pairs of genes in the unsynchronized cells. Quantitative analysis of the FISH results shows that individual unsynchronized cells growing slowly because of glucose limitation or phosphate limitation show the predicted oscillations. We conclude that the yeast metabolic cycle is an intrinsic property of yeast metabolism and does not depend on either synchronization or external limitation of growth by the carbon source.
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Abstract
Budding yeast are capable of displaying various modes of oscillatory behavior. Such cycles can occur with a period ranging from 1 min up to many hours, depending on the growth and culturing conditions used to observe them. This chapter discusses the robust oscillations in oxygen consumption exhibited by high-density yeast cell populations during continuous, glucose-limited growth in a chemostat. These ultradian metabolic cycles offer a view of the life of yeast cells under a challenging, nutrient-poor growth environment and might represent useful systems to interrogate a variety of fundamental metabolic and regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Wu J, Sinfield JL, Buchanan-Wollaston V, Feng J. Impact of environmental inputs on reverse-engineering approach to network structures. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2009; 3:113. [PMID: 19961587 PMCID: PMC2799448 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-3-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Uncovering complex network structures from a biological system is one of the main topic in system biology. The network structures can be inferred by the dynamical Bayesian network or Granger causality, but neither techniques have seriously taken into account the impact of environmental inputs. Results With considerations of natural rhythmic dynamics of biological data, we propose a system biology approach to reveal the impact of environmental inputs on network structures. We first represent the environmental inputs by a harmonic oscillator and combine them with Granger causality to identify environmental inputs and then uncover the causal network structures. We also generalize it to multiple harmonic oscillators to represent various exogenous influences. This system approach is extensively tested with toy models and successfully applied to a real biological network of microarray data of the flowering genes of the model plant Arabidopsis Thaliana. The aim is to identify those genes that are directly affected by the presence of the sunlight and uncover the interactive network structures associating with flowering metabolism. Conclusion We demonstrate that environmental inputs are crucial for correctly inferring network structures. Harmonic causal method is proved to be a powerful technique to detect environment inputs and uncover network structures, especially when the biological data exhibit periodic oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Calahorra M, Sánchez NS, Peña A. Activation of âfermentation by salts inDebaryomyces hansenii. FEMS Yeast Res 2009; 9:1293-301. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Warnke C, Mair T, Witte H, Reiher A, Hauser MJB, Krost A. Spatial control of the energy metabolism of yeast cells through electrolytic generation of oxygen. Phys Biol 2009; 6:046011. [PMID: 19887706 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/6/4/046011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic dynamics of yeast cells is controlled by electric pulses delivered through a spatially extended yeast cell/Au electrode interface. Concomitant with voltage pulses, oxygen is generated electrolytically at the electrode surface and delivered to the cells. The generation of oxygen was investigated in dependence of the applied voltage, width of the voltage pulses and temperature of the electrolytic solution. The local oxygen pulses at the electrodes lead to a transient activation of the aerobic energy metabolism of the yeast cells causing a perturbation in their energy balance. The effect of these local perturbations on the temporal dynamics of glycolysis in yeast cells is quantified in dependence of the energy state of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Warnke
- Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Abteilung Halbleiterepitaxie, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Evidence of carbon monoxide-mediated phase advancement of the yeast metabolic cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14293-6. [PMID: 19706514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907786106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prototrophic strains of budding yeast exhibit robust metabolic cycles during continuous growth under nutrient-limiting conditions. Previous studies revealed periodic fluctuations of aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of heme, indicating that heme biosynthesis is temporally regulated during these metabolic cycles. The enzyme that catabolizes heme, heme oxygenase, was found to be expressed in a highly periodic manner at both the mRNA and protein level. Heme oxygenase generates the biological gas, carbon monoxide (CO), as a product of heme catabolism. It is shown that pulsed administration of CO induces a phase advancement into the oxidative, respiratory phase of the metabolic cycles. This CO-mediated phase advancement takes place only if the gas is administered during the temporal window when it is predicted to be generated. It is further shown that a yeast strain bearing a targeted deletion of the gene encoding heme oxygenase displays protracted metabolic cycles. These observations provide evidence that gaseous CO may function as a cellular signaling molecule that helps cue metabolic cycling.
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Olsen LF, Andersen AZ, Lunding A, Brasen JC, Poulsen AK. Regulation of glycolytic oscillations by mitochondrial and plasma membrane H+-ATPases. Biophys J 2009; 96:3850-61. [PMID: 19413991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the coupling between glycolytic and mitochondrial membrane potential oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under semianaerobic conditions. Glycolysis was measured as NADH autofluorescence, and mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent dye 3,3'-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide. The responses of glycolytic and membrane potential oscillations to a number of inhibitors of glycolysis, mitochondrial electron flow, and mitochondrial and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase were investigated. Furthermore, the glycolytic flux was determined as the rate of production of ethanol in a number of different situations (changing pH or the presence and absence of inhibitors). Finally, the intracellular pH was determined and shown to oscillate. The results support earlier work suggesting that the coupling between glycolysis and mitochondrial membrane potential is mediated by the ADP/ATP antiporter and the mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATPase. The results further suggest that ATP hydrolysis, through the action of the mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATPase and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, are important in regulating these oscillations. We conclude that it is glycolysis that drives the oscillations in mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Folke Olsen
- CelCom, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Aon MA, Cortassa S, O’Rourke B. Mitochondrial Oscillations in Physiology and Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 641:98-117. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09794-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
Positive and negative feedback loops are common regulatory elements in biological signaling systems. We discuss core feedback motifs that have distinct roles in shaping signaling responses in space and time. We also discuss approaches to experimentally investigate feedback loops in signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onn Brandman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Poulsen AK, Andersen AZ, Brasen JC, Scharff-Poulsen AM, Olsen LF. Probing Glycolytic and Membrane Potential Oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7477-84. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan K. Poulsen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ann Zahle Andersen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Brasen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Scharff-Poulsen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars Folke Olsen
- CelCom, and Microbiology Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark, and Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Biosystems Department, Post Office Box 49, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Klevecz RR. Temporal coordination of DNA replication with enzyme synthesis in diploid and heteroploid cells. Science 2007; 166:1536-8. [PMID: 17655055 DOI: 10.1126/science.166.3912.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The rate of DNA synthesis in the S phase of growth of synchronized diploid Chinese hamster cells shows two maximums, while in heteroploid hamster cells the DNA replication rate is constant. In diploid cells a reciprocal relationship exists between maximum DNA synthetic rates and maximum lactate dyhydrogenase and thymidine kinase enzyme levels. Enzyme activity in heteroploid cells increases continuously through the cell cycle with no evidence of oscillations. It seems possible that these differences in molecular organization may accompany or precede the transition to heteroploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Klevecz
- Department of Biology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Stability and Dissipative Structures in Open Systems far from Equilibrium. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470143674.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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