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Bollu A, Sharma NK. Biased photo cleavage of N-/N-nitrobenzyl from 2’-hydroxyethyl-adenosine and their DNA/RNA Caged-analogues. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Leonard NJ, Hecht SM, Skoog F, Schmitz RY. Cytokinins: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Related Derivatives of 2iP, 3iP, and their Ribosides. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.196800073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ottria R, Casati S, Baldoli E, Maier JA, Ciuffreda P. N6-Alkyladenosines: Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8396-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Leonard NJ, Hecht SM, Skoog F, Schmitz RY. Cytokinins: synthesis, mass spectra, and biological activity of compounds related to zeatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 63:175-82. [PMID: 16591745 PMCID: PMC534019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.63.1.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds related to dihydrozeatin that define the influence of the location of the hydroxyl group along the side chain have been synthesized and tested for cytokinin activity. The compounds compared are in the series: 6-(X-hydroxy-3-methylbutylamino)purines and their ribosides, where X = 2, 3, and 4.Hydroxy substitution on the 4-position of the side chain enhances, but in the 2-, 3-, or 2- and 3- positions, decreases cytokinin activity as compared with the unsubstituted isopentyl (or isopentenyl) chains. This differential influence of the position of the hydroxyl group in the N(6)-chain holds also for the similarly related 9-beta-D-ribofuranosides. The relatively higher activity of 3,4-dihydroxy as compared with 2,3-dihydroxy derivatives is consistent with this position effect.Compounds related to zeatin possessing side-chain ester moieties have also been synthesized and tested comparatively. Among these, 6-(4-acetoxy-3-methyl-trans-2-butenylamino)purine is at least as active as zeatin, the most active presently known cytokinin in the tobacco bioassay, whereas the analog, methyl 2-methyl-4-(purin-6-ylamino)-trans-crotonate, with the ester function effectively reversed, has vastly lower activity, and its riboside is practically inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Leonard
- DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, URBANA
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Scarbrough E, Armstrong DJ, Skoog F, Frihart CR, Leonard NJ. Isolation of cis-Zeatin from Corynebacterium fascians Cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 70:3825-9. [PMID: 16592126 PMCID: PMC427337 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three cytokinin-active constituents have been isolated from the culture medium of Corynebacterium fascians, a plant pathogen causing fasciation. One constituent is now identified as cis-zeatin [6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-cis-2-butenylamino)purine]. It represents the first unequivocal demonstration of the production of a zeatin isomer by a bacterial species. Another constituent was identified earlier as 6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl-amino)purine. The third constituent, distinct, on Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, from the above two and their ribosides, has not yet been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scarbrough
- Institute of Plant Development, Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison Wisc. 53706
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Ottria R, Casati S, Maier JAM, Mariotti M, Ciuffreda P. Novel isopentenyladenosine analogues: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antiproliferative activity on bladder carcinoma cells. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 28:736-51. [PMID: 20183613 DOI: 10.1080/15257770903155550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Isopentenyladenosine (iPA), a member of the cytokinin family of plant hormones, exerts a marked antiproliferative activity on some leukemic and epithelial cancer cell lines. To characterize the molecular moieties required for the in vitro antitumor activity of the molecule and to obtain cytostatic iPA derivatives potentially useful as chemotherapeutic agents, N9-acyclic analogues have been synthesized using regioselective Mitsunobu reaction and characterized by elemental analyses, (1)H and (13)C NMR. These compounds were analyzed for their activity on human bladder cancer cell lines. In this study, we report that iPA inhibited the proliferation but not the migration of human bladder cancer cells, while the newly synthesized analogues revealed no significant cytostatic activity apart from the compound with a saturated double bond of the isopentenyl chain. These results indicate that the integrity of the ribose ring is required for the cytostatic activity of iPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ottria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Precliniche LITA Vialba-Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Brodney MA, Padwa A. Generation and Trapping of N-Acyliminium Ions Derived from Isomünchnone Cycloadducts. A Versatile Route to Functionalized Heterocycles. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Tietze LF, Bratz M, Pretor M. Stereoselective electrophilic cyclization of doubly activated imines with allylsilanes and simple alkenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19891221021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vorbrüggen H, Krolikiewicz K. Nucleosidsynthesen, XVIII. Aminierung von Heterocyclen, II. Einfache neue Synthese von N6-substituierten Adenosinen und Adeninen sowie ihrer 2-Amino- und 2-Hydroxyderivate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197619760417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hecht SM, Faulkner RD, Hawrelak SD. Competitive inhibition of beef heart cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase by cytokinins and related compounds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:4670-4. [PMID: 4373727 PMCID: PMC433957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.12.4670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Two cytokinins and four related analogs, none of which is a cyclic ribonucleotide, have been shown to act as competitive inhibitors of the high K(m) cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (3':5'-cyclic-AMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) activity from beef heart. Weak inhibition of the low K(m) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity was also observed, suggesting a possible mechanism for regulation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels by the exogenously added compounds. In addition to the kinetic data, obtained on the six inhibitors in four different heterocyclic series, 15 other cytokinins and related compounds have been shown to inhibit the high K(m) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity at single concentrations of substrate and inhibitor. Heterocycles such as adenosine and 7-amino-3-methylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, which lack the N-substituent, were inactive as cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The observed inhibition of cyclic AMP phophodiesterase supports prior observations which implicate exogenously added cytokinins in cyclic AMP metabolism.
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Schmitz RY, Skoog F. Cytokinins: synthesis and biological activity of geometric and position isomers of zeatin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1972; 50:702-5. [PMID: 16658247 PMCID: PMC366220 DOI: 10.1104/pp.50.6.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Geometric and position isomers of zeatin and of ribosylzeatin and other compounds closely related to zeatin have been tested in the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Wisconsin No. 38) bioassay. None was more active than zeatin itself. There was a much greater difference in activity (> 50-fold) between trans- and cis-zeatin than between trans-isozeatin [6-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-trans-2-butenylamino) purine] and cis-isozeatin [6-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-cis-2-butenylamino) purine], the latter being less active than cis-zeatin and trans-isozeatin. Higher concentrations were required for equivalent callus growth stimulated by the 9-ribosyl derivatives, which followed an order of decreasing activity: ribosyl-trans-zeatin > ribosyl-cis-zeatin > ribosyl-trans-isozeatin > ribosyl-cis-isozeatin, corresponding roughly to that of the bases. The effect of side chain, double bond saturation was to diminish the activity, and in the dihydro series the shift of the methyl group from the 3- to the 2-position in going from dihydrozeatin to dihydroisozeatin [6-(4-hydroxy-2-methylbutylamino) purine] resulted in a 70-fold decrease in activity. cis-Norzeatin [6-(4-hydroxy-cis-2-butenylamino) purine], which was less than one-fifth as active as cis-zeatin, showed the effect of complete removal of the side chain methyl group, and cyclic-norzeatin [6-(3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl) purine] was about 1/100 as active as cis-norzeatin. These findings delineate completely the effect on the cytokinin activity of zeatin of variation in side chain geometry, presence and position of the methyl substituent, presence and geometry of hydroxyl substitution, presence of the double bond, and of side chain cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Schmitz
- Institute of Plant Development, Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Hall RH. N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine: chemical reactions, biosynthesis, metabolism, and significance to the structure and function of tRNA. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1970; 10:57-86. [PMID: 4910306 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hecht SM, Leonard NJ, Burrows WJ, Armstrong DJ, Skoog F, Occolowitz J. Cytokinin of wheat germ transfer RNA: 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. Science 1969; 166:1272-4. [PMID: 5350318 DOI: 10.1126/science.166.3910.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A new modified nucleoside is responsible, in part, for the cytokinin activity of transfer RNA from wheat germ. The structure as judged by mass spec-trometry is 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-beta-D-ribofuran-osylpurine. Unequivocal synthesis afforded material having ultraviolet, mass spectral, and chromatographic properties identical with those of the natural product.
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Armstrong DJ, Burrows WJ, Skoog F, Roy KL, Söll D. Cytokinins: distribution in transfer RNA species of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 63:834-41. [PMID: 4899879 PMCID: PMC223528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.63.3.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This distribution of cytokinin activity in tRNA species of Escherichia coli has been determined. Cytokinin activity was restricted to tRNA species recognizing codons with the initial letter U. The following have been shown to contain a cytokinin: tRNA(Phe), tRNA(Leu) UUG, tRNA(Ser)UC(G) (A), tRNA(Tyr), and tRNA(Try). tRNA(Cys) was present in fractions with cytokinin activity but was not sufficiently pure to prove it to be active. One tRNA(Ser) UC(C) (U) species was inactive. All major tRNA species recognizing condons with initial letters other than U were devoid of cytokinin activity in the tobacco bioassay. The significance of these findings is discussed as providing a possible mechanism of quantitative modulation at the translation stage of gene-controlled protein biosynthesis.
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Helgeson JP. The cytokinins. Synthetic and naturally occurring N6-substituted adenine derivatives profoundly affect plant growth. Science 1968; 161:974-81. [PMID: 4876488 DOI: 10.1126/science.161.3845.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Burrows WJ, Armstrong DJ, Skoog F, Hecht SM, Boyle JT, Leonard NJ, Occolowitz J. Cytokinin from soluble RNA of Escherichia coli: 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. Science 1968; 161:691-3. [PMID: 4874577 DOI: 10.1126/science.161.3842.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated a compound responsible for the cytokinin activity of soluble RNA from Escherichia coli. The structure, indicated as 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine, C(16)H(23)N(5)0(4)S, on the basis of low-and high-reso!ution mass spectrometry, was established by unequivocal synthesis. The mass spectra, chromatographic behavior, and ultraviolet spectra of the compounds from natural and synthetic sources were identical.
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