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Yamamoto K, Ueda N. In Memoriam: Shozo Yamamoto (1933–2020). J Lipid Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1194/jlr.t120001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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2
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Wu X, Pan X, Cao S, Xu F, Lan L, Zhang Y, Lian S, Yan M, Li A. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis provides insights into strong broodiness in Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) combined with metabolomics analysis. J Proteomics 2019; 204:103401. [PMID: 31152940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to the broodiness of the Muscovy duck, but the molecular mechanism of broodiness remains largely unknown. In this study, the ovary tissues of Muscovy ducks during the broody and laying periods were used to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) by the iTRAQ-based proteomics approach. A total of 335 DEPs were identified, including 139 up-regulated and 196 down-regulated proteins. Six proteins (APOV1, GAL, SAA, GNB5, VLDLR and CDK1) with higher changes in expression were selected, and these proteins are mainly involved in the pathways related to reproductive performance, such as Oocyte meiosis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Steroid biosynthesis was the most significantly enriched pathway by KEGG pathway enriched analysis. The qRT-PCR analysis was applied to verify the proteomic analysis. Meanwhile, metabolomics analysis found that several important differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (7-dehydrodesmosterol, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3, 7-Dehydrocholesterol, Pregnanolone, Allopregnanolone and estrogen) that were also mainly involved in Steroid biosynthesis, Steroid hormone biosynthesis and Metabolic pathways. Crucially, the changes in the abundance of these metabolites are closely related to the changes in the protein abundance of proteins identified in the same pathway, and it is always the upstream key enzymes that influence the production of downstream metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Institutional addresses: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Institutional addresses: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Sumei Cao
- Institutional addresses: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Faqiong Xu
- Institutional addresses: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Liming Lan
- Institutional addresses: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yingyan Zhang
- Institutional addresses: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Senyang Lian
- Institutional addresses: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Meijiao Yan
- Institutional addresses: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Institutional addresses: College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China..
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Tani O, Akutsu Y, Ito S, Suzuki T, Tateishi Y, Yamaguchi T, Niimi T, Namatame I, Chiba Y, Sakashita H, Kubota T, Yanagi T, Mizukami S, Hirayama K, Furukawa K, Yamasaki K. NMR Biochemical Assay for Oxidosqualene Cyclase: Evaluation of Inhibitor Activities on Trypanosoma cruzi and Human Enzymes. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5047-5053. [PMID: 29771525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), a membrane-associated protein, is a key enzyme of sterol biosynthesis. Here we report a novel assay for OSC, involving reaction in aqueous solution, NMR quantification in organic solvent, and factor analysis of spectra. We evaluated one known and three novel inhibitors on OSC of Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite causative of Chagas disease, and compared their effects on human OSC for selectivity. Among them, one novel inhibitor showed a significant parasiticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Tani
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Yukie Akutsu
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tateishi
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamaguchi
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niimi
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Ichiji Namatame
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakashita
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Tomomi Kubota
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yanagi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine , Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto , Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan
| | - Shusaku Mizukami
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine , Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto , Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine , Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto , Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan
| | - Koji Furukawa
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
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Iatrino R, Manunta P, Zagato L. Salt Sensitivity: Challenging and Controversial Phenotype of Primary Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 18:70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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5
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Lim L, Jackson-Lewis V, Wong LC, Shui GH, Goh AXH, Kesavapany S, Jenner AM, Fivaz M, Przedborski S, Wenk MR. Lanosterol induces mitochondrial uncoupling and protects dopaminergic neurons from cell death in a model for Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Differ 2011; 19:416-27. [PMID: 21818119 PMCID: PMC3278725 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Several lines of evidence indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to its etiology. Other studies have suggested that alterations in sterol homeostasis correlate with increased risk for PD. Whether these observations are functionally related is, however, unknown. In this study, we used a toxin-induced mouse model of PD and measured levels of nine sterol intermediates. We found that lanosterol is significantly (∼50%) and specifically reduced in the nigrostriatal regions of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice, indicative of altered lanosterol metabolism during PD pathogenesis. Remarkably, exogenous addition of lanosterol rescued dopaminergic neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cell death in culture. Furthermore, we observed a marked redistribution of lanosterol synthase from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons exposed to MPP+, suggesting that lanosterol might exert its survival effect by regulating mitochondrial function. Consistent with this model, we find that lanosterol induces mild depolarization of mitochondria and promotes autophagy. Collectively, our results highlight a novel sterol-based neuroprotective mechanism with direct relevance to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Wu TK, Huang CY, Ko CY, Chang CH, Chen YJ, Liao HK. Purification, tandem mass characterization, and inhibition studies of oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase enzyme from bovine liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 421:42-53. [PMID: 14678783 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase (OSC) from bovine liver has been isolated from the microsomal membrane fraction and purified to homogeneity by ultracentrifugation, Q-Sepharose, hydroxyapatite, and HiTrap heparin chromatographies. The purified protein required Triton X-100 to retain its highest activity. The cyclase had a molecular mass of approximately 70 and approximately 140 kDa, as evidenced by a single protein band on silver-stained SDS-PAGE and Coomassie-stained PAGE, respectively. Results from Edman degradation of OSC suggested that it might have a blocked N-terminus. Further peptide mapping coupled with tandem mass spectrometric determination identified three peptide fragments, ILGVGPDDPDLVR, LSAEEGPLVQSLR, and NPDGGFATYETK, which are highly homologous to human, rat, and mouse OSCs. The purified cyclase showed pH and temperature optima at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The apparent K(M) and k(cat)/K(M) values were estimated to be 11 microM and 1.45 mM(-1)min(-1), respectively. Inhibition studies using both Ro48-8071 and N-(4-methylenebenzophenonyl)pyridinium bromide showed potent inhibition of OSC with an IC(50) of 11 nM and 0.79 microM, respectively. Results from DTNB modification and DTNB coupled with Ro48-8071 competition study suggest that two sulfhydryl groups are involved in the catalysis but not located in the substrate binding pocket or catalytic active site. The purified OSC was maximally inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate near neutral pH and re-activated by hydroxylamine, indicating the modification of histidine residues. The stoichiometry of histidine modification and the extent of inactivation showed that two essential histidine residues per active site are necessary for complete bovine liver OSC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Kung Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 300 Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, China.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Ono
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582-1 Bunkyodai, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
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8
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Purification of squalene-2,3-epoxide cyclases from cell suspension cultures of Rabdosia japonica
Hara. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Cattel L, Ceruti M. Inhibitors of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase as tools for studying the mechanism and function of the enzyme. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 33:353-73. [PMID: 9827705 DOI: 10.1080/10409239891204378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Ceruti M, Rocco F, Viola F, Balliano G, Milla P, Arpicco S, Cattel L. 29-Methylidene-2,3-oxidosqualene derivatives as stereospecific mechanism-based inhibitors of liver and yeast oxidosqualene cyclase. J Med Chem 1998; 41:540-54. [PMID: 9484504 DOI: 10.1021/jm970534j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two pairs of isomers (18Z)- (8), (18E)-29-methylidene-2,3-oxidohexanorsqualene (21), and (18Z)- (31), (18E)-29-methylidene-2,3-oxidosqualene (34), have been obtained in a fully stereospecific manner, as inhibitors of rat and yeast oxidosqualene cyclase. A new method for the synthesis of C22 squalene aldehyde 2,3-epoxide is reported, as well as that of other 19-modified 2,3-oxidosqualene analogues. We found that the activity is the opposite in the two series: the (E)-hexanormethylidene 21 and the (Z)-methylidene 31 are potent and irreversible inhibitors of oxidosqualene cyclase, while (Z)-hexanormethylidene 8 and (E)-methylidene 34 are almost completely inactive. Reduction of the 18,19-double bond, such as in 39, eliminates the activity, while removal of both of the 19-linked groups such as in heptanor derivative 40 greatly reduces inhibition of the enzyme. (E)-Hexanormethylidene 21 results the first irreversible inhibitor of the series toward the yeast enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ceruti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Italy
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11
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Biessen EA, Sliedregt LA, Van Berkel TJ. Approaches for the design of novel anti-atherogenic compounds. Subcell Biochem 1997; 28:507-39. [PMID: 9090305 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5901-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Biessen
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden-Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Sylvius Laboratory, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Cattel L, Ceruti M, Balliano G, Viola F, Grosa G, Rocco F, Brusa P. 2,3-Oxidosqualene cyclase: from azasqualenes to new site-directed inhibitors. Lipids 1995; 30:235-46. [PMID: 7791532 DOI: 10.1007/bf02537827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSC) are enzymes which convert 2,3-oxidosqualene (OS) into polycyclic triterpenoids such as lanosterol, cycloartenol, and alpha- and beta-amyrin. Our interest in the study of OSC is the development of new OSC inhibitors for potential use as hypocholesterolemic, antifungal, or phytotoxic drugs. In particular, we describe the biological activity and the mechanism of a series of acyclic azasqualene derivatives mimicking the C-2, C-8, and C-20 carbonium ions formed during OS cyclization. Some of these carbonium ion analogues are very promising as specific hypocholesterolemic agents. The toxicity, the biodistribution, and the pharmacokinetics of different azasqualene derivatives in mice are also presented. In order to obtain new, site-directed irreversible inhibitors of OSC, a series of squalene derivatives containing functional groups that can link covalently to an active-site thiol group was designed. Among these compounds, squalene maleimide was the most active toward mammalian OSC, whereas squalene Ellman behaved as an irreversible inhibitor of OSC from yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cattel
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica Applicata, Facoltà di Farmacia, Torino, Italy
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13
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Krief A, Pasau P, Guittet E, Shan YY, Herin M. Novel results on the biocyclisation of 2,3-oxidosqualene analogs by sterol cyclase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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15
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Hoshino T, Williams HJ, Chung Y, Scott A. Partial purification and characterization of oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase from bakers yeast. Tetrahedron 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. Solubilization and purification of steroid 8-isomerase. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Shechter I, Fogelman AM, Popják G. A deficiency of mixed function oxidase activities in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway of human granulocytes. J Lipid Res 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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18
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Caras I, Bloch K. Effects of a supernatant protein activator on microsomal squalene-2,3-oxide-lanosterol cyclase. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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19
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Abstract
The nonpolar lipids of methanol-grown bacteria which utilize one-carbon (C1) compounds via the RMP pathway (Pseudomonas C, Pseudomonas methylotropha, and Methylomonas methanolica) were found to contain squalene in concentrations between 0.1 to 1.16 mg/g of cell (dry weight). Squalene could not be detected in lipid extracts of methanol-grown bacteria which utilize C1 compounds via the serine pathway.
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20
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Saat YA, Bloch KE. Effect of a supernatant protein on microsomal squalene epoxidase and 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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21
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Phillips GT, Clifford KH. Stereochemistry of a methyl-group rearrangement during the biosynthesis of lanosterol. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 61:271-86. [PMID: 1245185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. (3RS,6R)-[6-2H1,6-3H1,6-14C], (3RS,6S)-[6-2H1,6-3H1,6-14C] and (3RS)-[6-3H1,6-14C]mevalonolactones were synthesised from R-[2H1,3H1,2-14C], S-[2H1,3H1,2-14C] and [3h1,2-14C]acetic acids respectively. 2. Each mevalonate was converted into cholesterol by a rat liver preparation. 3. Each cholesterol specimen was converted into androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione by incubation with Mycobacterium phlei in the presence of 2,2'.dipyridyl. Each specimen of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione was converted into androsta-1,4-dien-3-one-17-ethylene ketail. 4. The samples of androsta-1,4-dien-3-one-17-ethylene ketal were each converted chemically into oestrones in which the methyl group at C-18 is the only carbon atom that originated from C-6 in mevalonolactone. 5. The oestrone from (3RS)-[6-3H1,6-14C]mevalonolactone was oxidised chemically to acetic acid which was converted into p-bromophenacyl acetate and the 3H/14C ratio was measured. 6. There was no overall loss of tritium from the methyl group of acetic acid, as measured by determining the 3H/14C ratios of the p-bromophenacyl esters, when the synthetic and degradative procedures 1 -- 5 were tested with [3H1,2-14C]acetic acid. 7. The oestrones derived from the 6R and 6S-mevalonolactones were oxidised. The chiralities of the resulting acetates were determined by an established procedure whereby the acetates were converted into 2S-malates which were examined for loss of tritium on equilibration with fumarate hydratase. 8. The oestrone from (3RS,6R)-[6-2H1,6-3H1,6-14C]mevalonate gave acetic acid which was converted into 2S-malate that retained 68.6% of its tritium after treatment with fumarate hydratase; the configuration of this acetic acid was R. 9. The oestrone from (3RS,6S)-E16-2H1,6-3H1,6-14C]mevalonate was oxidised to acetic acid which was converted into 2S-malate that retained 31.9% of its tritium after treatment with fumarate hydratase; the configuration of this acetic acid was S. 10. There was no overall change in the configuration of a chiral methyl group between C-6 of mevalonate and C-18 of oestrone. It is cncluded that the intramolecular migration of a chiral methyl group from C-15 in 2,3-oxidosqualene to C-13 in lanosterol is stereospecific and occurs with overall retention of configuration.
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22
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23
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Dennick RG, Worthington KJ, Abramovich DR, Dean PD. Sterol content and squaline-2(3)-epoxide-lanosterol cyclase activity in human foetal brain during early and mid-gestation. J Neurochem 1974; 22:1019-25. [PMID: 4854410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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25
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Malhotra HC, Nes WR. The Conversion of Mevalonate to 24-Methylenecycloartanol by a Cell-free Enzyme Preparation from Nonphotosynthetic Tissue. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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26
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27
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28
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29
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Fall RR, West CA. Purification and Properties of Kaurene Synthetase from Fusarium moniliforme. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Beastall GH, Rees HH, Goodwin TW. Properties of a 2,3-oxidosqualene-cycloartenol cyclase from Ochromonas malhamensis. FEBS Lett 1971; 18:175-178. [PMID: 11946114 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G H. Beastall
- Department of Biochemistry, The University, PO. Box 147, L69 3BX, Liverpool, England
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31
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Abstract
Developing and germinating pea seeds were compared with respect to their capacity to incorporate mevalonate into sterols and triterpenes. The capacity for sterol synthesis is greatest in the least mature fruits and decreases during their development. Label is shown, by gas-liquid chromatography and counting the radioactivity of trapped fractions, to be associated with campesterol, beta-sitosterol and isofucosterol. During early stages of germination sterol synthesis is insignificant. The triterpene fraction becomes heavily labelled during both development and germination. The label is associated almost exclusively with beta-amyrin during germination but with cycloartenol and 24-methylenecycloartanol during development. It is only in the terminal stages of maturation that beta-amyrin becomes significantly labelled. At the same time an unidentified radioactive polar compound appears. The possible significance of the appearance of this polar compound and the regulation of the synthesis of these higher terpenoids is discussed.
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32
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Kyte J. Purification of the Sodium- and Potassium-dependent Adenosine Triphosphatase from Canine Renal Medulla. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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33
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34
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Kusunose E, Ichihara K, Kusunose M. Some properties of a fatty acid omega-hydroxylation system solubilized from liver microsomes. FEBS Lett 1970; 11:23-25. [PMID: 11945440 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Kusunose
- Research Laboratory of Biochemistry, Toneyama Hospital, National Sanatorium, 560, Toyonaka, Japan
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35
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