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Banerjee S, Sinha S, Pradhan P, Caruso A, Liebowitz D, Parrish D, Rossi M, Zajc B. Regiospecifically Fluorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via Julia-Kocienski Olefination and Oxidative Photocyclization. Effect of Fluorine Atom Substitution on Molecular Shape. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3983-93. [PMID: 27009471 PMCID: PMC4874880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A modular synthesis of regiospecifically fluorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is described. 1,2-Diarylfluoroalkenes, synthesized via Julia-Kocienski olefination (70-99% yields), were converted to isomeric 5- and 6-fluorobenzo[c]phenanthrene, 5-and 6-fluorochrysene, and 9- and 10-benzo[g]chrysene (66-83% yields) by oxidative photocyclization. Photocyclization to 6-fluorochrysene proceeded more slowly than conversion of 1-styrylnaphthalene to chrysene. Higher fluoroalkene dilution led to a more rapid cyclization. Therefore, photocyclizations were performed at higher dilutions. To evaluate the effect of fluorine atom on molecular shapes, X-ray data for 5- and 6-fluorobenzo[c]phenanthrene, 6-fluorochrysene, 9- and 10-fluorobenzo[g]chrysene, and unfluorinated chrysene as well as benzo[g]chrysene were obtained and compared. The fluorine atom caused a small deviation from planarity in the chrysene series and decreased nonplanarity in the benzo[c]phenanthrene derivatives, but its influence was most pronounced in the benzo[g]chrysene series. A remarkable flattening of the molecule was observed in 9-fluorobenzo[g]chrysene, where the short 2.055 Å interatomic distance between bay-region F-9 and H-8, downfield shift of H-8, and a 26.1 Hz coupling between F-9 and C-8 indicate a possible F-9···H-8 hydrogen bond. In addition, in 9-fluorobenzo[g]chrysene, the stacking distance is short at 3.365 Å and there is an additional interaction between the C-11-H and C-10a of a nearby molecule that is almost perpendicular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaibal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160
Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Saikat Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160
Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Padmanava Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160
Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Alessio Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New
York 12604, United States
| | - Daniel Liebowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New
York 12604, United States
| | - Damon Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6030, 4555 Overlook Avenue,
Washington D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Miriam Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New
York 12604, United States
| | - Barbara Zajc
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160
Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The
City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Li T, Choi YH, Shin YB, Kim HJ, Kim MG. A fluorescence enhancement-based label-free homogeneous immunoassay of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in aqueous solutions. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:407-413. [PMID: 26796590 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence enhancement-based immunoassay has been developed for the detection of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in aqueous solutions. The results of this study show that BaP, which inefficiently fluoresces in aqueous solution, displays enhanced fluorescence when bound to the anti-BaP antibody (anti-BaP), as part of a label-free immunoassay system. Binding to anti-BaP results in a 3.12-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity of BaP, which emits at 435 nm when excited at 280 nm, due to the hydrophobic interaction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between antibody and antigen. As result of this phenomenon, the antibody-based fluorescence immunoassay system can be used to detect BaP specifically with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 ng mL(-1). Finally, extraction recoveries of BaP from spiked wheat and barley samples were found to be in the range of 80.5-87.0% and 92.9-92.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihua Li
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210-037, China
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea; Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.
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Takemura H, Nagayoshi H, Matsuda T, Sakakibara H, Morita M, Matsui A, Ohura T, Shimoi K. Inhibitory effects of chrysoeriol on DNA adduct formation with benzo[a]pyrene in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Toxicology 2010; 274:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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DNA–carcinogen interaction: covalent DNA-adducts of benzo(a)pyrene 7, 8-dihydrodiol 9, 10-epoxides studied by biochemical and biophysical techniques. Q Rev Biophys 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500002973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to various chemicals, either due to occupation or lifestyle, is considered to be a major contributing factor to tumour formation in man (Higginson, 1969; Doll and Peto, 1981). An important and prevalent class of potent carcinogenic compounds present in he environment is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are found in various petroleum and combustion products derived from heat and power generation and motor vehicle exhausts (Baum, 1978). Furthermore, since PAHs are generally formed by pyrolysis of organic matters such as tobacco smoking and certain procedures of food preparation, the PAH exposure to humans is extensive.
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DNA–carcinogen interaction: covalent DNA-adducts of benzo(a)pyrene 7, 8-dihydrodiol 9, 10-epoxides studied by biochemical and biophysical techniques. Q Rev Biophys 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500003358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to various chemicals, either due to occupation or lifestyle, is considered to be a major contributing factor to tumour formation in man (Higginson, 1969; Doll & Peto, 1981). An important and prevalent class of potent carcinogenic compounds present in the environment is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are found in various petroleum and combustion products derived from heat and power generation and motor vehicle exhausts (Baum, 1978). Furthermore, since PAHs are generally formed by pyrolysis of organic matters such as tobacco smoking and certain procedures of food preparation, the PAH exposure to humans is extensive
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DNA–carcinogen interaction: covalent DNA-adducts of benzo(a)pyrene 7, 8-dihydrodiol 9, 10-epoxides studied by biochemical and biophysical techniques. Q Rev Biophys 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500003802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to various chemicals, either due to occupation or lifestyle, is considered to be a major contributing factor to tumour formation in man (Higginson, 1969; Doll & Peto, 1981). An important and prevalent class of potent carcinogenic compounds present in the environment is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are found in various petroleum and combustion products derived from heat and power generation and motor vehicle exhausts (Baum, 1978). Furthermore, since PAHs are generally formed by pyrolysis of organic matters such as tobacco smoking and certain procedures of food preparation, the PAH exposure to humans is extensive.
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DNA–carcinogen interaction: covalent DNA-adducts of benzo(a)pyrene 7, 8-dihydrodiol 9, 10-epoxides studied by biochemical and biophysical techniques. Q Rev Biophys 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to various chemicals, either due to occupation or lifestyle, is considered to be a major contributing factor to tumour formation in man (Higginson, 1969; Doll and Peto, 1981). An important and prevalent class of potent carcinogeniccompounds present in the environment is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), which are found in various petroleum and combustion products derived from heat and power generation and motor vehicle exhausts (Baum, 1978). Furthermore, since PAHs are generally formed by pyrolysis of organic matters such as tobacco smoking and certain procedures of food preparation, the PAH exposure to humans is extensive.
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Borosky GL, Laali KK. Oxidized metabolites from benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[e]pyrene, and aza-benzo[a]pyrenes. A computational study of their carbocations formed by epoxide ring opening reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2234-42. [PMID: 17609754 DOI: 10.1039/b704090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A DFT study aimed at understanding structure-reactivity relationships and fluorine substitution effects on carbocation stability in benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), and aza-benzo[a]pyrene (aza-BaP) derivatives are reported. The relative energies of the resulting carbocations are examined and compared, taking into account the available biological activity data on these compounds. O-Protonation of the epoxides and diol epoxides leads to carbocation formation by barrierless processes. Charge delocalization modes in the resulting carbocations were deduced via NPA-derived changes in charges, and fluorine substitution effects were analyzed on the basis of charge density at different carbocation positions. Thus, fluorine substitution at sites bearing negative charge generated inductive destabilization of the carbocation, whereas a fluorine atom at a ring position which presented significant positive charge density produced a less pronounced destabilization due to fluorine p-pi back-bonding. Protonation reactions were also studied for the azaBaPs. In selected cases, the covalent adducts generated via bond formation with the exocyclic nitrogen of cytosine were computed and relative energies and geometries of the resulting adducts were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L Borosky
- Unidad de Matemática y Física, INFIQC, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.
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Ruan Q, Kim HYH, Jiang H, Penning TM, Harvey RG, Blair IA. Quantification of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide DNA-adducts by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:1369-80. [PMID: 16557497 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants found in car exhausts, charbroiled food, and tobacco smoke. Three pathways for the metabolic activation of B[a]P to ultimate carcinogens have been proposed. The most widely accepted pathway involves cytochrome-P450 (CYP) 1A1- and/or 1B1-mediated formation of B[a]P-7,8-oxide, which undergoes epoxide hydrolase-mediated metabolism to the proximate carcinogen B[a]P-7,8-dihydro-7,8-diol. Further CYP1A1- and/or CYP1B1-mediated activation of the dihydrodiol results in the formation of 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]PDE), the ultimate carcinogen. In previous studies, it was demonstrated that (+)-anti-B[a]PDE was the most potent tumorigen of the CYP-derived B[a]PDE diastereomers. We have developed a stable isotope dilution, liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry (LC-MRM/MS) assay for all eight (+/-)-anti-B[a]PDE-derived dGuo and dAdo DNA-adducts. The LC-MRM/MS assay was rigorously validated and used to show that (+)-anti-trans-B[a]PDE-dGuo was the major adduct formed when naked DNA and human bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma H358 cells were treated with (+/-)-anti-B[a]PDE. The preference for DNA-adducts derived from (+)-anti-B[a]PDE was even more apparent in cellular DNA. Thus, the increased potency of (+)-anti-B[a]PDE as a tumorigen is most likely due its ability to preferentially form DNA-adducts when compared with (-)-anti-B[a]PDE. Also, the adduct profile suggests that this occurs by binding of (+)-anti-B[a]PDE to DNA in a manner that facilitates covalent binding to dGuo rather than dAdo residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ruan
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 854 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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Boström CE, Gerde P, Hanberg A, Jernström B, Johansson C, Kyrklund T, Rannug A, Törnqvist M, Victorin K, Westerholm R. Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2002. [PMID: 12060843 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.02110s3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Domestic wood burning and road traffic are the major sources of PAHs in Sweden. In Stockholm, the sum of 14 different PAHs is 100-200 ng/m(3) at the street-level site, the most abundant being phenanthrene. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) varies between 1 and 2 ng/m(3). Exposure to PAH-containing substances increases the risk of cancer in humans. The carcinogenicity of PAHs is associated with the complexity of the molecule, i.e., increasing number of benzenoid rings, and with metabolic activation to reactive diol epoxide intermediates and their subsequent covalent binding to critical targets in DNA. B[a]P is the main indicator of carcinogenic PAHs. Fluoranthene is an important volatile PAH because it occurs at high concentrations in ambient air and because it is an experimental carcinogen in certain test systems. Thus, fluoranthene is suggested as a complementary indicator to B[a]P. The most carcinogenic PAH identified, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, is also suggested as an indicator, although it occurs at very low concentrations. Quantitative cancer risk estimates of PAHs as air pollutants are very uncertain because of the lack of useful, good-quality data. According to the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, the unit risk is 9 X 10(-5) per ng/m(3) of B[a]P as indicator of the total PAH content, namely, lifetime exposure to 0.1 ng/m(3) would theoretically lead to one extra cancer case in 100,000 exposed individuals. This concentration of 0.1 ng/m(3) of B[a]P is suggested as a health-based guideline. Because the carcinogenic potency of fluoranthene has been estimated to be approximately 20 times less than that of B[a]P, a tentative guideline value of 2 ng/m(3) is suggested for fluoranthene. Other significant PAHs are phenanthrene, methylated phenanthrenes/anthracenes and pyrene (high air concentrations), and large-molecule PAHs such as dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (high carcinogenicity). Additional source-specific indicators are benzo[ghi]perylene for gasoline vehicles, retene for wood combustion, and dibenzothiophene and benzonaphthothiophene for sulfur-containing fuels.
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Boström CE, Gerde P, Hanberg A, Jernström B, Johansson C, Kyrklund T, Rannug A, Törnqvist M, Victorin K, Westerholm R. Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2002; 110 Suppl 3:451-88. [PMID: 12060843 PMCID: PMC1241197 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.110-1241197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Domestic wood burning and road traffic are the major sources of PAHs in Sweden. In Stockholm, the sum of 14 different PAHs is 100-200 ng/m(3) at the street-level site, the most abundant being phenanthrene. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) varies between 1 and 2 ng/m(3). Exposure to PAH-containing substances increases the risk of cancer in humans. The carcinogenicity of PAHs is associated with the complexity of the molecule, i.e., increasing number of benzenoid rings, and with metabolic activation to reactive diol epoxide intermediates and their subsequent covalent binding to critical targets in DNA. B[a]P is the main indicator of carcinogenic PAHs. Fluoranthene is an important volatile PAH because it occurs at high concentrations in ambient air and because it is an experimental carcinogen in certain test systems. Thus, fluoranthene is suggested as a complementary indicator to B[a]P. The most carcinogenic PAH identified, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, is also suggested as an indicator, although it occurs at very low concentrations. Quantitative cancer risk estimates of PAHs as air pollutants are very uncertain because of the lack of useful, good-quality data. According to the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, the unit risk is 9 X 10(-5) per ng/m(3) of B[a]P as indicator of the total PAH content, namely, lifetime exposure to 0.1 ng/m(3) would theoretically lead to one extra cancer case in 100,000 exposed individuals. This concentration of 0.1 ng/m(3) of B[a]P is suggested as a health-based guideline. Because the carcinogenic potency of fluoranthene has been estimated to be approximately 20 times less than that of B[a]P, a tentative guideline value of 2 ng/m(3) is suggested for fluoranthene. Other significant PAHs are phenanthrene, methylated phenanthrenes/anthracenes and pyrene (high air concentrations), and large-molecule PAHs such as dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (high carcinogenicity). Additional source-specific indicators are benzo[ghi]perylene for gasoline vehicles, retene for wood combustion, and dibenzothiophene and benzonaphthothiophene for sulfur-containing fuels.
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Jacob J, Raab G, Schober W, Frank H, Luch A, Doehmer J, Seidel A. Species-Dependent Metabolism of Benzo[c]Chrysene Mediated by c-DNA-Expressed Human, Rodent and Fish Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/10406630008028528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nieusma JL, Claffey DJ, Koop DR, Chen W, Peter RM, Nelson SD, Ruth JA, Ross D. Oxidation of 1,3-butadiene to (R)- and (S)-butadiene monoxide by purified recombinant cytochrome P450 2E1 from rabbit, rat and human. Toxicol Lett 1998; 95:123-9. [PMID: 9635416 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a gas used widely in the rubber and plastics industry as an intermediate in production processes and has been detected in automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. BD requires metabolic activation to exert toxicity and has been shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. IARC has classified BD as a group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) carcinogen. The initial oxidation of BD to butadiene monoxide (BMO) occurs primarily via cytochrome P450 2E1 and two stereoisomers of BMO (R and S) can be formed. (R) and (S)-BMO are metabolized differently and demonstrate markedly different toxicities in isolated rat hepatocytes. This work examined the generation of (R) and (S)-BMO from BD by cytochrome P450 2E1 from rabbit, rat and human. BMO level was measured by GC-MS analysis and enantiomeric composition was determined by GC-FID. The greatest rate of formation of BMO from BD was obtained with rabbit cytochrome P4502E1 followed by human and then by rat. Enantiomeric distribution of R and S-BMO produced by the three species demonstrated no significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nieusma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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Canova S, Degan P, Peters LD, Livingstone DR, Voltan R, Venier P. Tissue dose, DNA adducts, oxidative DNA damage and CYP1A-immunopositive proteins in mussels exposed to waterborne benzo[a]pyrene. Mutat Res 1998; 399:17-30. [PMID: 9635486 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A collaborative study was performed on Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to a wide dose-range (0.5-1000 ppb) of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). We selected this model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in order to confirm the formation of a specific DNA adduct, previously detected in gill DNA, and to clarify the in vivo effects of this mutagenic chemical requiring host-metabolism in mussels. B[a]P concentration reached consistently higher values in the digestive gland than in other analyzed tissues of mussels exposed to B[a]P for 2 or 3 days. With the exception of some values at 1000 ppb of B[a]P. DNA adduct levels increased significantly with the dose in gills and digestive gland and ranged from 0.054 to 0.789 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides (mean values per dose-point). Conversely, more complex dose-response relationships were found by detecting in parallel the levels of an oxidative DNA lesion (8-OHdG) and of CYP1A-immunopositive proteins (the latter measured in the digestive gland only). Overall, the formation of DNA adducts, the evidence of oxidative DNA damage, and changes in CYP1A-immunopositive protein levels support the hypothesis that B[a]P can induce DNA damage in mussels through a number of different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Canova
- Department of Biology, Univ. of Padova, Italy
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Szentpály LV, Ghosh R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenicity: Theoretical modelling and experimental facts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(98)80016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Own Z, Chiu LH, Von Tungeln L, Deck J, Vingiello F, Fu P. Synthesis and Rat Liver Microsomal Metabolism of 2-Chlorodibenzo[A,L]Pyrene and 10-Chlorodibenzo[A,L]-Pyrene. Polycycl Aromat Compd 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/10406639608544684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Seidel A, Luch A, Platt KL, Oesch F, Glatt H. Activated Fjord-Region Metabolites of Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene: Synthesis and Mutagenic Activities of the Diastereomericsyn− andanti−11,12-Dihydrodiol 13,14-Epoxides. Polycycl Aromat Compd 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10406639408031184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jerina DM, Chadha A, Cheh AM, Schurdak ME, Wood AW, Sayer JM. Covalent bonding of bay-region diol epoxides to nucleic acids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1991; 283:533-53. [PMID: 2069024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5877-0_70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the solution chemistry of diol epoxides is now fairly well understood, a great deal remains to be elucidated regarding their reaction in the presence of DNA. Not only DNA but also small molecules are capable of sequestering diol epoxides in aqueous solutions with equilibrium constants on the order of 10(2)-10(4) M-1. In the case of DNA, at least two major families of complexes are presently recognized, possibly the result of groove binding vs. intercalation. As is the case for diol epoxides free in solution, the complexed diol epoxides undergo solvolysis to tetraols and in some cases possibly to keto diols as well. Fractionation between covalent bonding and solvolysis from within the complex(s) is determined more by the nature of the parent hydrocarbon from which the diol epoxide is derived than any other factor. Studies of a wide variety of alkylating and arylating agents have show that practically every potentially nucleophilic site on DNA can serve as a target for modification. In the case of the diol epoxides, practically all of the modification occurs at the exocyclic amino groups of the purine bases. In contrast to the diol epoxides, other epoxides such as those derived from aflatoxin B1, vinyl chloride, propylene, 9-vinylanthracene, and styrene preferentially bind to the aromatic ring nitrogens N-7 in guanine and N-3 in adenine (cf. Chadha et al., 1989). Molecular modeling as well as the spectroscopic evidence suggests that the hydrocarbon portion of the diol epoxides lies in the minor groove of DNA when bound to the exocyclic 2-amino group of guanine and in the major groove when bound to the exocyclic 6-amino group of adenine. Detailed conformational analysis of adducted DNA should prove to be extremely valuable in developing mechanistic models for the enzymatic processing of chemically altered DNA. At present, the critical lesion or lesions responsible for induction of neoplasia remains obscured by the large number of apparently noncritical adducts which form when polycyclic hydrocarbon diol epoxides bond to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Jerina
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Health NIDDK, Bethesda 20892
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