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Lewis SEM, Kumar K. The paternal genome and the health of the assisted reproductive technology child. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:616-22. [PMID: 25926606 PMCID: PMC4492053 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.153301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a number of children born by assisted reproductive technology (ART) are increasing each year across the developed world, the health of such offspring is a matter of public concern. Does the integrity of the paternal genome impact on offspring health? In societal terms, as birth rates fall, and the Western population become unsustainable, do the benefits outweigh the costs of creating and providing for this ART conceived subpopulation? There are little data to date to answer these questions. The long-term health of such children has largely been ignored, and success measured only by early (prebirth) outcomes such as embryo quality or pregnancy. However, there are powerful paradigms such as ageing and smoking that give vital clues as to the potential impact of unhealthy spermatozoa on disease risk, mental and physical health, fertility and mortality of these offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E M Lewis
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, BT12 6BJ,NI, UK
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Jenkins TG, Aston KI, Trost C, Farley J, Hotaling JM, Carrell DT. Intra-sample heterogeneity of sperm DNA methylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:313-9. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Jenkins TG, Aston KI, Pflueger C, Cairns BR, Carrell DT. Age-associated sperm DNA methylation alterations: possible implications in offspring disease susceptibility. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004458. [PMID: 25010591 PMCID: PMC4091790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates a role for paternal aging on offspring disease susceptibility. It is well established that various neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, autism, etc.), trinucleotide expansion associated diseases (myotonic dystrophy, Huntington's, etc.) and even some forms of cancer have increased incidence in the offspring of older fathers. Despite strong epidemiological evidence that these alterations are more common in offspring sired by older fathers, in most cases the mechanisms that drive these processes are unclear. However, it is commonly believed that epigenetics, and specifically DNA methylation alterations, likely play a role. In this study we have investigated the impact of aging on DNA methylation in mature human sperm. Using a methylation array approach we evaluated changes to sperm DNA methylation patterns in 17 fertile donors by comparing the sperm methylome of 2 samples collected from each individual 9-19 years apart. With this design we have identified 139 regions that are significantly and consistently hypomethylated with age and 8 regions that are significantly hypermethylated with age. A representative subset of these alterations have been confirmed in an independent cohort. A total of 117 genes are associated with these regions of methylation alterations (promoter or gene body). Intriguingly, a portion of the age-related changes in sperm DNA methylation are located at genes previously associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While our data does not establish a causative relationship, it does raise the possibility that the age-associated methylation of the candidate genes that we observe in sperm might contribute to the increased incidence of neuropsychiatric and other disorders in the offspring of older males. However, further study is required to determine whether, and to what extent, a causative relationship exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Jenkins
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kenneth I. Aston
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Christian Pflueger
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bradley R. Cairns
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BRC); (DTC)
| | - Douglas T. Carrell
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BRC); (DTC)
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How do C9ORF72 repeat expansions cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: can we learn from other noncoding repeat expansion disorders? Curr Opin Neurol 2013; 25:689-700. [PMID: 23160421 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e32835a3efb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to describe disease mechanisms by which chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) repeat expansions could lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and to discuss these diseases in relation to other noncoding repeat expansion disorders. RECENT FINDINGS ALS and FTD are complex neurodegenerative disorders with a considerable clinical and pathological overlap, and this overlap is further substantiated by the recent discovery of C9ORF72 repeat expansions. These repeat expansions are currently the most important genetic cause of familial ALS and FTD, accounting for approximately 34.2 and 25.9% of the cases. Clinical phenotypes associated with these repeat expansions are highly variable, and combinations with mutations in other ALS-associated and/or FTD-associated genes may contribute to this pleiotropy. It is challenging, however, to diagnose patients with C9ORF72 expansions, not only because of large repeat sizes, but also due to somatic heterogeneity. Most other noncoding repeat expansion disorders share an RNA gain-of-function disease mechanism, a mechanism that could underlie the development of ALS and/or FTD as well. SUMMARY The discovery of C9ORF72 repeat expansions provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of ALS and FTD and highlights the importance of noncoding repeat expansions and RNA toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Guilhou JJ, Molès JP. New Hypotheses in the Genetics of Psoriasis and Other ‘Complex’ Diseases. Dermatology 2008; 216:87-92. [DOI: 10.1159/000111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Maley CC, Forrest S. Exploring the relationship between neutral and selective mutations in cancer. ARTIFICIAL LIFE 2000; 6:325-345. [PMID: 11348585 DOI: 10.1162/106454600300103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells is an evolutionary process. Populations of precancerous cells reproduce, mutate, and compete for resources. Some of these mutations eventually lead to cancer. We calculate the probability of developing cancer under a set of simplifying assumptions and then elaborate these calculations, culminating in a simple simulation of the cell dynamics. The agent-based model allows us to examine the interactions of mutations critical for the development of cancer that are either evolutionarily neutral or selective. We can also examine the interaction of these mutations with a "mutator phenotype" derived from mutations that raise the mutation rate for the entire cell. The simulations suggest that there must be at least two selectively neutral mutations necessary for the development of cancer and that preventive treatments will be most effective when they increase this number. The model also suggests that selective mutations facilitate the development of cancer, so that the more selective mutations necessary for the development of cancer, the greater the chance of developing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Maley
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave., N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Wright GD, Regan M, Deighton CM, Wallis G, Doherty M. Evidence for genetic anticipation in nodal osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1998; 57:524-6. [PMID: 9849310 PMCID: PMC1752739 DOI: 10.1136/ard.57.9.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence was sought for genetic anticipation (disease occurring at an earlier age in subsequent generations, with increasing severity) in nodal osteoarthritis (NOA). METHODS Age at symptom onset and disease severity was compared within 30 parent/offspring pairs with NOA. Correlation between the offspring age of disease onset and the parental age at conception was also assessed. RESULTS The age at onset of nodal symptoms was earlier in the offspring (43 years (95% confidence intervals (CI) 38 to 47) v 61 (CI 58 to 65); mean difference 18 years (CI 13 to 22): p < 0.001) as was larger joint symptom onset (48 years (CI 41 to 55) v 67 (CI 61 to 73); mean difference 20 years (CI 13 to 27): p < 0.01). A negative correlation existed between age of offspring symptom onset and parental age at conception. Fifteen (50%) offspring had similar or more extensive disease than their parents. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest genetic anticipation occurs in NOA and if confirmed a search for trinucleotide repeats is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Wright
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Nottingham
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Waring
- Solange Gauthier Karsh Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
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Tapscott SJ, Klesert TR, Widrow RJ, Stöger R, Laird CD. Fragile-X syndrome and myotonic dystrophy: parallels and paradoxes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1998; 8:245-53. [PMID: 9610417 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fragile-X syndrome and myotonic dystrophy are caused by triplet repeat expansions embedded in CpG islands in the transcribed non-coding regions of the FMR1 and the DMPK genes, respectively. Although initial reports emphasized differences in the mechanisms by which the expanded triplet repeats caused these diseases, results published in the past year highlight remarkable parallels in the likely molecular etiologies. At both loci, expansion is associated with altered chromatin, aberrant methylation, and suppressed expression of the adjacent FMR1 and DMAHP genes, implicating epigenetic mediation of these genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Tapscott
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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McDermott E, Khan MA, Deighton C. Further evidence for genetic anticipation in familial rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1996; 55:475-7. [PMID: 8774167 PMCID: PMC1010212 DOI: 10.1136/ard.55.7.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether preliminary evidence supporting features of genetic anticipation in familial rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could be replicated in independent and larger samples. METHOD Data were obtained from records of 59 multicase families from the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council (ARC) National Repository in Manchester, 65 multicase families from Cleveland, Ohio, USA, and 253 consecutive patients with RA attending clinics in Nottingham. RESULTS Mean ages of disease onset in the parents affected with RA were consistently greater than those in the probands. In the ARC data, the mean age difference in disease onset between the affected mother and proband pairs was 16.0 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.2 to 24.8 years, n = 11); in the Cleveland data it was 7.8 years (95% CI 0.9 to 14.7 years, n = 24), and in the Nottingham data it was 10.4 years (95% CI 2.8 to 18.0 years, n = 28). Similar results were found in the limited number of father-proband pairs. Unlike the findings of earlier work, there was no correlation between proband age at disease onset and age of the parent at conception of the proband. CONCLUSION In independent and larger familial RA data sets, features of genetic anticipation were replicated. Our findings support the case for further research at a molecular level into genetic anticipation in those families with two successive generations affected by RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McDermott
- Rheumatology Unit, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Tupler R, Berardinelli A, Barbierato L, Frants R, Hewitt JE, Lanzi G, Maraschio P, Tiepolo L. Monosomy of distal 4q does not cause facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. J Med Genet 1996; 33:366-70. [PMID: 8733044 PMCID: PMC1050603 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.5.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. FSHD has been located by linkage analysis in the most distal part of chromosome 4q. The disease is associated with deletions within a 3.2 kb tandem repeat sequence, D4Z4. We have studied a family in which an abnormal chromosome 4 segregates through three generations in phenotypically normal subjects. This chromosome is the derivative of a (4;D or G) (q35;p12) translocation. Molecular analysis of the region 4q35 showed the absence of the segment ranging from the telomere to locus D4F104S1. Probe p13E-11 (D4F104S1), which detects polymorphic EcoRI fragments containing D4Z4, in Southern blot analysis showed only one allele in the carriers of the abnormal chromosome 4. Probe p13E-11 EcoRI fragments are contained in the subtelomeric region of 4q and their rearrangements associated with FSHD suggested that the gene responsible for the muscular dystrophy could be subject to a position effect variegation (PEV) because of its proximity to subtelomeric heterochromatin. The absence of the 4q telomeric region in our phenotypically normal cases indicates that haploinsufficiency of the region containing D4Z4 does not cause FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tupler
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, University of Pavia, Italy
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Orioli IM, Castilla EE, Scarano G, Mastroiacovo P. Effect of paternal age in achondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, and osteogenesis imperfecta. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 59:209-17. [PMID: 8588588 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320590218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The paternal ages of nonfamilial cases of achondroplasia (AC) (n = 78), thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) (n = 64), and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) (n = 106), were compared with those of matched controls, from an Italian Indagine Policentrica Italiana sulle Malformazioni Congenite and a South American Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas series. The degree of paternal age effect on the origin of these dominant mutations differed among the three conditions. Mean paternal age was highly elevated in AC, 36.30 +/- 6.74 years in the IPIMC, and 37.19 +/- 10.53 years in the ECLAMC; less consistently elevated in TD, 33.60 +/- 7.08 years in the IPIMC, and 36.41 +/- 9.38 years in the ECLAMC; and only slightly elevated in OI in the ECLAMC, 31.15 +/- 9.25 years, but not in the IPIMC, 32.26 +/- 6.07 years. Increased maternal age or birth order in these conditions disappeared when corrected for paternal age. Approximately 50% of AC and TD cases, and only 30% of OI cases, were born to fathers above age 35 years. For AC and TD, the increase in relative incidence with paternal age fitted an exponential curve. The variability of paternal age effect in these new mutations could be due, among other reasons, to the high proportion of germ-line mosaicism in OI parents, or to the localization of the AC gene, mapped to the 4p16.3 region, in the neighborhood of an unstable DNA area.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Orioli
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Unstable transmission of repeating segments in genes is now recognized as a new class of mutations causing human disease. Genetic instability observed in disease is termed an "expansion mutation" when the mutation is an increase in the copy number of a repeated unit, commonly a di- or trinucleotide. While the expansion mutation is well characterized in disease, the mechanism by which expansion occurs is not clear. This article focuses on physical properties of expansion at repeating nucleotides that may provide clues to the mechanism. Both biochemical and genetic data indicate that DNA structure is part of the mechanism and the underlying cause for expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T McMurray
- Mayo Foundation and Graduate School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Neuroscience Program, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Massari A, Gennarelli M, Menegazzo E, Pizzuti A, Silani V, Mastrogiacomo I, Pagani E, Angelini C, Scarlato G, Novelli G. Postzygotic instability of the myotonic dystrophy p[AGC] in repeat supported by larger expansions in muscle and reduced amplifications in sperm. J Neurol 1995; 242:379-83. [PMID: 7561966 DOI: 10.1007/bf00868393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have analysed the [AGC] expansion in leucocytes, muscle and sperm from 17 individuals affected by myotonic dystrophy (DM). Skeletal muscle showed a larger repeat number than leucocytes in the same patient. A similar degree of expansion was detected in differently affected muscles of a single patient. The germline mutation (< or = 350 repeats) was expanded in somatic cells of the progeny in all patients examined. Our results provide evidence of an early postzygotic instability of the [AGC] repeat in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Massari
- Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Zhang JS, Longo FM. LAR tyrosine phosphatase receptor: alternative splicing is preferential to the nervous system, coordinated with cell growth and generates novel isoforms containing extensive CAG repeats. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1995; 128:415-31. [PMID: 7844155 PMCID: PMC2120354 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.128.3.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-linked tyrosine phosphatases regulate cell growth by dephosphorylating proteins involved in tyrosine kinase signal transduction. The leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) tyrosine phosphatase receptor has sequence similarity to the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM and is located in a chromosomal region (1p32-33) frequently altered in neuroectodermal tumors. To understand the function of receptor-linked tyrosine phosphatases in neural development, we sought to identify LAR isoforms preferentially expressed in the nervous system and cellular processes regulating LAR alternative splicing. We report here the isolation of a series of rat LAR cDNA clones arising from complex combinatorial alternative splicing, not previously demonstrated for the tyrosine phosphatase-receptor gene family in general. Isoforms included: (a) deletions of the fourth, sixth and seventh fibronectin type III-like domains; (b) an alternatively spliced novel cassette exon in the fifth fibronectin type III-like domain; (c) two alternatively spliced novel cassette exons in the juxtamembrane region; (d) a retained intron in the extracellular region with in-frame stop codons predicting a secreted LAR isoform; and (e) an LAR transcript including an alternative 3' untranslated region containing multiple stretches of tandem CAG repeats up to 21 repeats in length. This number of repeats was in the range found in normal alleles of genes in which expansions of repeats are associated with neurodegenerative disease and the genetic phenomenon of anticipation. RT-PCR and Northern analysis demonstrated that LAR alternative splicing occurred preferentially in neuromuscular tissue in vivo and in neurons compared to astrocytes in vitro and was developmentally regulated. Alternative splicing was also regulated in PC12 cells by NGF, in 3T3 fibroblasts by cell confluence and in sciatic nerve and muscle subsequent to nerve transection. Western blot analysis demonstrated that alternatively spliced cassette exons result in the presence of corresponding amino acid segments of LAR protein in vivo. These studies suggest specialized functions of LAR isoforms in the nervous system and support our hypothesis that LAR-like tyrosine phosphatase receptors play a role in neural development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco/Veterans Administration Medical Center 94121
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Thomson G. HLA disease associations: models for the study of complex human genetic disorders. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1995; 32:183-219. [PMID: 7598790 DOI: 10.3109/10408369509084684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The genes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of humans, control a variety of functions involved in immune response and influence susceptibility to over 40 diseases. Theoretical studies in the development of models to determine the modes of inheritance of the HLA-associated diseases have led to a better understanding of the inheritance patterns in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, hemochromatosis, celiac disease, and others. It is now clear that many of the HLA-associated diseases involve heterogeneity in their HLA components, as well as non-HLA genetic factors. This review is presented using HLA-associated diseases, and in particular IDDM, as the example of interest, but the observations and techniques presented have direct relevance to the study of all human diseases with a complex genetic component. Three methods for localizing disease-predisposing genes are presented: (1) association studies, including population, family, and relative predispositional effects, (2) affected sib pair and other affected-relative methods, and (3) lod score analysis. A variety of complementary methods for studying the mode(s) of inheritance of the alleles at the disease-predisposing locus and for identifying the alleles and amino acids directly involved in the disease process also are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thomson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3140, USA
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Deighton C, Heslop P, McDonagh J, Walker D, Thomson G. Does genetic anticipation occur in familial rheumatoid arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 1994; 53:833-5. [PMID: 7864693 PMCID: PMC1005485 DOI: 10.1136/ard.53.12.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if there is evidence for genetic anticipation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by analysing the possibility that parental disease status and age at proband conception influence the age of onset and disease severity of the proband. METHOD RA outpatients were identified and data were also taken from Newcastle multicase RA pedigrees. Comparisons of age of onset and parental age at proband conception were made for pedigrees grouped according to the disease status of the parents. Correlation coefficients and linear regression models were calculated for the age of RA onset in the probands. Measures of disease severity were compared in RA mother-proband pairs. RESULTS The results were similar in both the outpatient (n = 153) and multicase pedigree (n = 15) samples. Significant results were confined to pedigrees in which the mother had RA (20 of the outpatient probands and seven of the multicase group). Probands in these sibships had a younger age of RA onset than their affected mothers (38.3 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.8 to 42.8) versus 53.7 (47.3 to 60.0) (p = 0.002) in the outpatient sample; 32.4 years (25.3 to 39.6) versus 43.4 years (29.0 to 57.9) (p = 0.1) in the multicase pedigrees). In the maternal RA group, both the maternal and paternal age at proband conception showed significant negative correlations (r = -0.65, p = 0.002 and r = -0.60, p = 0.005, respectively in the outpatient sample) and linear regression coefficients with age of proband disease onset. In seven affected mother-proband pairs, the probands had a tendency to more severe disease, despite shorter disease duration and younger age. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary analysis has suggested that within pedigrees in which the mother has RA, the features of genetic anticipation and observations consistent with premutation models may prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Deighton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley 94720
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Deighton
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Zheng CJ, Thomson G, Pen YN. Allelic instability in mitosis can explain "genome imprinting" and other genetic phenomena in psoriasis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 51:163-4. [PMID: 8092195 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320510218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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