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Balagura G, Riva A, Marchese F, Iacomino M, Madia F, Giacomini T, Mancardi MM, Amadori E, Vari MS, Salpietro V, Russo A, Messana T, Vignoli A, Chiesa V, Giordano L, Accorsi P, Caffi L, Orsini A, Bonuccelli A, Santucci M, Vecchi M, Vanadia F, Milito G, Fusco C, Cricchiutti G, Carpentieri M, Margari L, Spalice A, Beccaria F, Benfenati F, Zara F, Striano P. Clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in PRRT2 Italian patients. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 28:193-197. [PMID: 32651081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prrt2 is a neuron-specific protein expressed at axonal and pre-synaptic domains, involved in synaptic neurotransmitter release and modulation of intrinsic excitability. Mutations in PRRT2 cause a spectrum of autosomal dominant paroxysmal neurological disorders including epilepsy, movement disorders, and hemiplegic migraine and show incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. We assessed the diagnostic rate of PRRT2 in a cohort of Italian patients with epilepsy and/or paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations. Clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Twenty-seven out of 55 (49.1%) probands carried PRRT2 heterozygous pathogenic variants, including six previously known genotypes and one novel missense mutation. A family history of epilepsy starting in the first year of life and/or PKD was strongly suggestive of a PRRT2 pathogenic variant. Epilepsy patients harbouring PRRT2 pathogenic variants showed earlier seizure onset and more frequent clusters compared with PRRT2-negative individuals with epilepsy. Moreover, we did also identify individuals with PRRT2 pathogenic variants with atypical age at onset, i.e. childhood-onset epilepsy and infantile-onset PKD. However, the lack of a clear correlation between specific PRRT2 genotypes and clinical manifestations and the high incidence of asymptomatic carriers suggest the involvement of additional factors in modulating expressivity of PRRT2-related disorders. Finally, our study supports the pleiotropic and multifaceted physiological role of PRRT2 gene which is emerging from experimental neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Balagura
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy.
| | - Antonella Riva
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Marchese
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Insitute, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Madia
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Insitute, Genova, Italy
| | - Thea Giacomini
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Amadori
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo Russo
- UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tullio Messana
- UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Chiesa
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Child Neuropsychiatric Division, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Accorsi
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Pescara General Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Lorella Caffi
- Neuropsichiatria Infantile, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Bonuccelli
- Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Santucci
- UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilena Vecchi
- La Nostra Famiglia Association, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Milito
- Child Neuropsychiatric Division, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cricchiutti
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marilisa Carpentieri
- AOU "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona"- Servizio Neurologia Pediatrica PO "Santa Maria dell'Olmo", Cava dei Tirreni, SA, Italy
| | - Lucia Margari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze ed Organi di Senso, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro,", Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Pediatrics - Child Neurology Division - "Sapienza", University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Beccaria
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, ASST Mantova, Mantua, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Insitute, Genova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy
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Sterlini B, Fruscione F, Baldassari S, Benfenati F, Zara F, Corradi A. Progress of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technologies to Understand Genetic Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020482. [PMID: 31940887 PMCID: PMC7013950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the pathomechanisms by which gene mutations lead to neurological diseases has benefit from several cellular and animal models. Recently, induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) technologies have made possible the access to human neurons to study nervous system disease-related mechanisms, and are at the forefront of the research into neurological diseases. In this review, we will focalize upon genetic epilepsy, and summarize the most recent studies in which iPSC-based technologies were used to gain insight on the molecular bases of epilepsies. Moreover, we discuss the latest advancements in epilepsy cell modeling. At the two dimensional (2D) level, single-cell models of iPSC-derived neurons lead to a mature neuronal phenotype, and now allow a reliable investigation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. In addition, functional characterization of cerebral organoids enlightens neuronal network dynamics in a three-dimensional (3D) structure. Finally, we discuss the use of iPSCs as the cutting-edge technology for cell therapy in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sterlini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Simona Baldassari
- Unità Operativa Complessa Genetica Medica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Giannina Gaslini, Genova Italy, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Unità Operativa Complessa Genetica Medica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Giannina Gaslini, Genova Italy, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (A.C.)
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