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Aminuddin A, Samah N, Vijakumaran U, Che Roos NA, Nor FM, Wan Razali WMH, Mohamad SF, Cong BB, Hamzah FA, Hamid AA, Ugusman A. Unveiling TIMPs: A Systematic Review of Their Role as Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease. Diseases 2024; 12:177. [PMID: 39195176 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12080177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death globally and is a heart condition involving insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease in which plaques, made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances, build up on the inner walls of arteries. Recently, there has been growing interest in finding reliable biomarkers to understand the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have emerged as potential candidates for monitoring atherosclerotic development. TIMPs are a family of endogenous proteins that regulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix. A systematic search using Prisma guidelines was conducted and eleven studies were selected from four different databases: Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Ovid, and PubMed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score was used to assess the risk of bias for each study. A meta-analysis was performed, and the hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined. Among the eleven studies, six reported a positive association between higher levels of TIMPs and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Conversely, four studies support low TIMPs with high CAD risk and one study showed no significant association between TIMP-2 G-418C polymorphism and CAD. This divergence in findings underscores the complexity of the relationship between TIMPs, atherosclerosis, and CAD. In addition, a meta-analysis from two studies yielded a HR (95% CI) of 1.42 (1.16-1.74; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) for TIMP-2 in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). In conclusion, the existing evidence supports the notion that TIMPs can serve as biomarkers for predicting the severity of atherosclerosis, myocardial damage, and future MACEs among CAD patients. However, further exploration is warranted through larger-scale human studies, coupled with in vitro and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Samah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Che Roos
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defense University of Malaysia, Kem, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Mohd Nor
- Forensic Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohammad Hafiz Wan Razali
- Forensic Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shawal Faizal Mohamad
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Beh Boon Cong
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Faizal Amri Hamzah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Adila A Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Coates-Park S, Rich JA, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Peeney D. The TIMP protein family: diverse roles in pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C917-C934. [PMID: 38284123 PMCID: PMC11193487 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00699.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a family of four matrisome proteins classically defined by their roles as the primary endogenous inhibitors of metalloproteinases (MPs). Their functions however are not limited to MP inhibition, with each family member harboring numerous MP-independent biological functions that play key roles in processes such as inflammation and apoptosis. Because of these multifaceted functions, TIMPs have been cited in diverse pathophysiological contexts. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the MP-dependent and -independent roles of TIMPs across a range of pathological conditions. The potential therapeutic and biomarker applications of TIMPs in these disease contexts are also considered, highlighting the biomedical promise of this complex and often misunderstood protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Coates-Park
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Joshua A Rich
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - William G Stetler-Stevenson
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - David Peeney
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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3
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Mukherjee A, Das B. The role of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the progression of osteoarthritis. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2024; 13:100090. [PMID: 38440290 PMCID: PMC10910010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2024.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by an imbalance between (synthesis) and catabolism (degradation) in altered homeostasis of articular cartilage mediated primarily by the innate immune system. OA degenerates the joints resulting in synovial hyperplasia, degradation of articular cartilage with damage of the structural and functional integrity of the cartilage extracellular matrix, subchondral sclerosis, osteophyte formation, and is characterized by chronic pain, stiffness, and loss of function. Inflammation triggered by factors like biomechanical stress is involved in the development of osteoarthritis. In OA apart from catabolic effects, anti-inflammatory anabolic processes also occur continually. There is also an underlying chronic inflammation present, not only in cartilage tissue but also within the synovium, which perpetuates tissue destruction of the OA joint. The consideration of inflammation in OA considers synovitis and/or other cellular and molecular events in the synovium during the progression of OA. In this review, we have presented the progression of joint degradation that results in OA. The critical role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of OA is discussed in detail along with the dysregulation within the cytokine networks composed of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that drive catabolic pathways, inhibit matrix synthesis, and promote cellular apoptosis. OA pathogenesis, fluctuation of synovitis, and its clinical impact on disease progression are presented here along with the role of synovial macrophages in promoting inflammatory and destructive responses in OA. The role of interplay between different cytokines, structure, and function of their receptors in the inter-cellular signaling pathway is further explored. The effect of cytokines in the increased synthesis and release of matrix-decomposing proteolytic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS), is elaborated emphasizing the potential impact of MMPs on the chondrocytes, synovial cells, articular and periarticular tissues, and other immune system cells migrating to the site of inflammation. We also shed light on the pathogenesis of OA via oxidative damage particularly due to nitric oxide (NO) via its angiogenic response to inflammation. We concluded by presenting the current knowledge about the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Synthetic MMP inhibitors include zinc binding group (ZBG), non-ZBG, and mechanism-based inhibitors, all of which have the potential to be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Improving our understanding of the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms that regulate the MMP gene expression, may open up new avenues for the creation of therapies that can stop the joint damage associated with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, India
| | - Bodhisatwa Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, India
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Chen B, Zhao L, Yang R, Xu T. New insights about endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: pathogenesis, risk factors, prediction and diagnosis and treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1329133. [PMID: 38384812 PMCID: PMC10879431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1329133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the risk of malignant transformation of endometriosis in premenopausal women is approximately 1%, significantly impacting the overall well-being and quality of life of affected women. Presently, the diagnostic gold standard for endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) continues to be invasive laparoscopy followed by histological examination. However, the application of this technique is limited due to its high cost, highlighting the importance of identifying a non-invasive diagnostic approach. Therefore, there is a critical need to explore non-invasive diagnostic methods to improve diagnostic precision and optimize clinical outcomes for patients. This review presents a comprehensive survey of the current progress in comprehending the pathogenesis of malignant transformation in endometriosis. Furthermore, it examines the most recent research discoveries concerning the diagnosis of EAOC and emphasizes potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The ultimate objective is to improve prevention, early detection, precise diagnosis, and treatment approaches, thereby optimizing the clinical outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Belal A, Zaky MY, Mohamed DS, Mohamed EE, Mahmoud R, Essam D, Atta RR, Abo El-Ela FI, Mohamed Halfaya F, Lee KT, Hassan AHE, Ghoneim MM, Farghali A. A study on the therapeutic potential of graphene titanate nanocomposite for treating chemically induced arthritis in rats. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:590-603. [PMID: 37902268 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2268653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds substantial promise in the innovative therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The current study was designed to synthesize and characterize a new graphene titanate nanocomposite (GTNc) and explore its anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potencies against Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats, as well as investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our characterization methods included XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, zeta potential, practical size, and XRF to characterize the novel GTNc. Our findings revealed that arthritic rats treated with GTNc exhibited lower levels of RF, CRP, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, and ADAMTS-5, and higher levels of IL-4 and TIMP-3. In arthritic rats, GTNc reduced LPO levels while increasing GSH content and GST antioxidant activity. Additionally, GTNc decreased the expression of the TGF-β mRNA gene in arthritic rats. Histopathological investigation showed that GTNc reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, cartilage degradation, and bone destruction in joint injuries caused by CFA in the arthritic rats. Collectively, the anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of GTNc appear promising for future arthritis treatments and bone disability research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Doaa S Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Eman E Mohamed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Doaa Essam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - R R Atta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed Halfaya
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-SuefUniversity, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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Singh K, Madarati H, Sohrabipour S, Sparring T, Teney C, Kretz CA. Metalloprotease domain latency protects ADAMTS13 against broad-spectrum inhibitors of metalloproteases while maintaining activity toward VWF. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1789-1801. [PMID: 36990157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAMTS13 is a circulating metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) in a shear-dependent manner. ADAMTS13 is secreted as an active protease but has a long half-life, suggesting that it is resistant to circulating protease inhibitors. These zymogen-like properties indicate that ADAMTS13 exists as a latent protease that is activated by its substrate. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanism of ADAMTS13 latency and resistance to metalloprotease inhibitors. METHODS Probe the active site of ADAMTS13 and variants using alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs), and Marimastat. RESULTS ADAMTS13 and C-terminal deletion mutants are not inhibited by A2M, TIMPs, or Marimastat, but cleave FRETS-VWF73, suggesting that the metalloprotease domain is latent in the absence of substrate. Within the metalloprotease domain, mutating the gatekeeper triad (R193, D217, D252) or substituting the calcium-binding (R180-R193) or the variable (G236-S263) loops with corresponding features from ADAMTS5 did not sensitize MDTCS to inhibition. However, substituting the calcium-binding loop and an extended variable loop (G236-S263) corresponding to the S1-S1' pockets with those from ADAMTS5, resulted in MDTCS-GVC5 inhibition by Marimastat, but not by A2M or TIMP3. Substituting the MD domains of ADAMTS5 into full-length ADAMTS13 resulted in a 50-fold reduction in activity compared with the substitution into MDTCS. However, both chimeras were susceptible to inhibition, suggesting that the closed conformation does not contribute to the latency of the metalloprotease domain. CONCLUSION The metalloprotease domain protects ADAMTS13 from inhibitors and exists in a latent state that is partially maintained by loops flanking the S1 and S1' specificity pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Singh
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hasam Madarati
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sahar Sohrabipour
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Sparring
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cherie Teney
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin A Kretz
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Shenegelegn Mern D, Thomé C. Synergetic enrichment of aggrecan in nucleus pulposus cells by scAAV6-shRNA-mediated knockdown of aggrecanase-1 and aggrecanase-2. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1134-1144. [PMID: 37354087 PMCID: PMC10583755 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231171905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disk disease (DDD) that aggravates structural deterioration of intervertebral disks (IVDs) can be accompanied by painful inflammation and immunopathological progressions. Current surgical or pharmacological therapies cannot repair the structure and function of IVDs. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are crucial for the preservation or restoration of IVDs by balancing the anabolic and catabolic factors affecting the extracellular matrix. Imbalanced anabolic and catabolic factors cause increased degradation of aggrecan. Aggrecanases A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs (ADAMTS)4 and ADAMTS5 are the main degrading enzymes of aggrecan. Previously, we characterized adeno-associated virus (AAV6) as the most suitable serotype with marked NP cellular tropism and demonstrated that ADAMTS4 could be silenced by self-complementary adeno-associated virus grade 6 small helix ribonucleic acid (scAAV6-shRNA) in NP cells of degeneration grade III, which resulted in enrichment of aggrecan. Nonetheless, neither scAAV6-shRNA-mediated inhibition of ADAMTS5 nor joint inhibitions of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 have been investigated, although both enzymes are regulated by analogous proinflammatory cytokines and have the same cleavage sites in aggrecan. Therefore, we attempted scAAV6-shRNA-mediated inhibitions of both enzymes in NP cells of degeneration grade IV to increase efficacies in treatments of DDD. The degeneration grade of IVDs in patients was determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgical operations. After isolation and culturing of NP cells, cells were transduced with scAAV6-shRNAs targeting ADAMTS4 or ADAMTS5. Transduced cells were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry-assisted cell sorting (FACS), MTT assay (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay), immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Joint transduction of NP cells exhibited high transduction efficacies (98.1%), high transduction units (TU) (1381 TU/Cell), and no effect on cell viability or proliferation. Above all joint treatments resulted in effective knockdown of ADAMTS4 (92.8%) and ADAMTS5 (93.4%) along with additive enrichment of aggrecan (113.9%). Treatment effects were significant for more than 56 days after transduction (P < 0.001). In conclusion, scAAV6-shRNA-mediated combined molecular therapy could be very valuable for more effective, durable, and less immunogenic treatment approaches in DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudius Thomé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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Oh DK, Na HS, Jhun JY, Lee JS, Um IG, Lee SY, Park MS, Cho ML, Park SH. Bifidobacterium longum BORI inhibits pain behavior and chondrocyte death, and attenuates osteoarthritis progression. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286456. [PMID: 37352198 PMCID: PMC10289443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is characterized by pain and cartilage damage; it usually exhibits gradual development. However, the pathogenesis of OA remains unclear. This study was undertaken to improve the understanding and treatment of OA. OA was induced in 7-week-old Wistar rats by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA); subsequently, the rats underwent oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum BORI (B. BORI). The effects of B. BORI were examined in chondrocytes and an MIA-induced OA rat model. In the rats, B. BORI-mediated effects on pain severity, cartilage destruction, and inflammation were recorded. Additional effects on mRNA and cytokine secretion were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Paw withdrawal threshold, paw withdrawal latency, and weight-bearing assessments revealed that pain severity in MIA-induced OA rats was decreased after B. BORI treatment. Histopathology analyses and three-dimensional surface renderings of rat femurs from micro-computed tomography images revealed cartilage protection and cartilage loss inhibition effects in B. BORI-treated OA rats. Immunohistochemical analyses of inflammatory cytokines and catabolic markers (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases) showed that the expression levels of both were reduced in tissue from B. BORI-treated OA rats. Furthermore, B. BORI treatment decreased the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and inflammatory gene factors (e.g., inflammatory cell death markers) in chondrocytes. The findings indicate that oral administration of B. BORI has therapeutic potential in terms of reducing pain, progression, and inflammation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Keon Oh
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Na
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Jhun
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Su Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Gyu Um
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Rahman MM, Watton PN, Neu CP, Pierce DM. A chemo-mechano-biological modeling framework for cartilage evolving in health, disease, injury, and treatment. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 231:107419. [PMID: 36842346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a pervasive and debilitating disease, wherein degeneration of cartilage features prominently. Despite extensive research, we do not yet understand the cause or progression of OA. Studies show biochemical, mechanical, and biological factors affect cartilage health. Mechanical loads influence synthesis of biochemical constituents which build and/or break down cartilage, and which in turn affect mechanical loads. OA-associated biochemical profiles activate cellular activity that disrupts homeostasis. To understand the complex interplay among mechanical stimuli, biochemical signaling, and cartilage function requires integrating vast research on experimental mechanics and mechanobiology-a task approachable only with computational models. At present, mechanical models of cartilage generally lack chemo-biological effects, and biochemical models lack coupled mechanics, let alone interactions over time. METHODS We establish a first-of-its kind virtual cartilage: a modeling framework that considers time-dependent, chemo-mechano-biologically induced turnover of key constituents resulting from biochemical, mechanical, and/or biological activity. We include the "minimally essential" yet complex chemical and mechanobiological mechanisms. Our 3-D framework integrates a constitutive model for the mechanics of cartilage with a novel model of homeostatic adaptation by chondrocytes to pathological mechanical stimuli, and a new application of anisotropic growth (loss) to simulate degradation clinically observed as cartilage thinning. RESULTS Using a single set of representative parameters, our simulations of immobilizing and overloading successfully captured loss of cartilage quantified experimentally. Simulations of immobilizing, overloading, and injuring cartilage predicted dose-dependent recovery of cartilage when treated with suramin, a proposed therapeutic for OA. The modeling framework prompted us to add growth factors to the suramin treatment, which predicted even better recovery. CONCLUSIONS Our flexible framework is a first step toward computational investigations of how cartilage and chondrocytes mechanically and biochemically evolve in degeneration of OA and respond to pharmacological therapies. Our framework will enable future studies to link physical activity and resulting mechanical stimuli to progression of OA and loss of cartilage function, facilitating new fundamental understanding of the complex progression of OA and elucidating new perspectives on causes, treatments, and possible preventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul N Watton
- Department of Computer Science & Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corey P Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David M Pierce
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Fowkes MM, Troeberg L, Brennan PE, Vincent TL, Meldal M, Lim NH. Development of Selective ADAMTS-5 Peptide Substrates to Monitor Proteinase Activity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3522-3539. [PMID: 36891740 PMCID: PMC10009750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of proteinase activity is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), a disease characterized by progressive degradation of articular cartilage by catabolic proteinases such as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5). The ability to detect such activity sensitively would aid disease diagnosis and the evaluation of targeted therapies. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide substrates can detect and monitor disease-related proteinase activity. To date, FRET probes for detecting ADAMTS-5 activity are nonselective and relatively insensitive. We describe the development of rapidly cleaved and highly selective ADAMTS-5 FRET peptide substrates through in silico docking and combinatorial chemistry. The lead substrates 3 and 26 showed higher overall cleavage rates (∼3-4-fold) and catalytic efficiencies (∼1.5-2-fold) compared to the best current ADAMTS-5 substrate ortho-aminobenzoyl(Abz)-TESE↓SRGAIY-N-3-[2,4-dinitrophenyl]-l-2,3-diaminopropionyl(Dpa)-KK-NH2. They exhibited high selectivity for ADAMTS-5 over ADAMTS-4 (∼13-16-fold), MMP-2 (∼8-10-fold), and MMP-9 (∼548-2561-fold) and detected low nanomolar concentrations of ADAMTS-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan M. Fowkes
- Centre
for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich
Medical School, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Rosalind
Franklin Road, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Alzheimer’s
Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines
Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Centre
for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Meldal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Building B304, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Ngee H. Lim
- Centre
for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
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11
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Wang P, Meng X, Xue J, Fan C, Wang J. Genome-wide analysis for nanofiber induced global gene expression profile: A study in MC3T3-E1 cells by RNA-Seq. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 223:113143. [PMID: 36682297 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibers are one of the attractive biomaterials that can provide unique environments to direct cell behaviors. However, how nanofiber structure affects the global gene expression of laden cells remains unclear. Herein, high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is applied to analyze the transcriptome of the MC3T3-E1 cells (a model osteoblast cell line) cultured on electrospun nanofibers. The cell-adhesive poly(L-lactide) nanofibers and membranes are developed by the mussel-inspired coating of gelatin-dopamine conjugate under H2O2-mediated oxidation. The MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on nanofibers exhibit elongated morphology and increased proliferation compared with those on membranes. The differences in global gene expression profiles are determined by RNA-seq, in which 905 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified. Significantly, the DEGs related to cytoskeleton, promotion of cell cycle progression, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation, are higher expressed in the cells on nanofibers, while the DEGs involved in cell-cycle arrest and osteoblast mineralization are up-regulated in the cells on membranes. This study elucidates the roles of nanofiber structure in affecting gene expression of laden cells at the whole transcriptome level, and it will lay the foundation for understanding nanofiber-guided cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyue Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Junqiang Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Changjiang Fan
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, PR China.
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12
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Shaban NS, Radi AM, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Al-Serwi RH, Hassan RM, Mohammed ET, Radi RA, Halfaya FM. Targeting Some Key Metalloproteinases by Nano-Naringenin and Amphora coffeaeformis as a Novel Strategy for Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:260. [PMID: 37259405 PMCID: PMC9959020 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) represents the highest degenerative disorder. Because cartilage erosion is a common pathological alteration in OA, targeting some key metalloproteinases such as MMP-3, ADAMTS-5 besides their inhibitor TIMP-3 by natural products, could be an effective strategy to protect against osteoarthritis. Forty female Wister rats were categorized into five equal groups. Control, osteoarthritic (OA) (monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) 2 mg/50 µL saline, single intra-articular injection), OA+ indomethacin (2 mg/kg/daily/orally), OA+ nano-naringenin (25 mg/kg/daily/orally), and OA+ Amphora coffeaeformis (772 mg/kg/daily/orally). Treatments were initiated on the 8th day after osteoarthritis induction and continued for 28 days thereafter. Finally, blood and knee joint samples were collected from all rats for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. The current study showed that MIA induced oxidative stress, which resulted in changes in the inflammatory joint markers associated with increased right knee diameter and higher clinical scores for lameness. Amphora coffeaeformis followed by nano-naringenin exhibited a potential anti-arthritic activity by reducing the concentrations of serum MMP-3, ADAMTS-5, and joint MDA and increasing the levels of serum TIMP-3 and joint GSH, similar to indomethacin. The histopathological results confirmed these outcomes. In conclusion, Amphora coffeaeformis and nano-naringenin can be considered as natural therapeutic agents for osteoarthritis owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nema S Shaban
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Radi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa M Hassan
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Rania A Radi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Halfaya
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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13
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Tayman MA, Koyuncu İ. Differential gene expression of ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-9 and TIMP-3 in periodontitis. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:126-131. [PMID: 36093887 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) are metalloproteinases that bind to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to regulate tissue remodeling and homeostasis. ADAMTS can be inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Expression of ADAMTS increases under inflammatory conditions. We investigated the mRNA expression of ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-9 and TIMP-3 genes in both healthy gingival tissues and periodontitis. Clinical periodontal measurements were conducted and gingival biopsies were obtained from stage IIIgrade C generalized periodontitis and healthy (control) groups. mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR). All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than for the control group. ADAMTS-1 levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group and were significantly correlated with clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth. Differences in ADAMTS-9 and TIMP-3 mRNA in the periodontitis group compared to the control group were not statistically significant. Increased ADAMTS-1 mRNA expression in periodontitis indicates that members of the ADAMTS family of metalloproteinases are associated with pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease. Maintaining balance between ADAMTS and TIMP is important for limiting ECM catabolism and preventing tissue damage.
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14
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ADAMTS4 is involved in the production of the Alzheimer disease amyloid biomarker APP669-711. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1802-1812. [PMID: 36721026 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain parenchyma is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). We have previously identified amyloid precursor protein (APP)669-711 (a.k.a. Aβ(-3)-40) in human plasma using immunoprecipitation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IP-MALDI-MS). Furthermore, we found that the level of a composite biomarker, i.e., a combination of APP669-711/Aβ1-42 ratio and Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 ratio in human plasma, correlates with the amyloid PET status of AD patients. However, the production mechanism of APP669-711 has remained unclear. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we identified A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with a Thrombospondin type 1 motif, type 4 (ADAMTS4) as a responsible enzyme for APP669-711 production. ADAMTS4 cleaves APP directly to generate the C-terminal stub c102, which is subsequently proteolyzed by γ-secretase to release APP669-711. Genetic knockout of ADAMTS4 reduced the production of endogenous APP669-711 by 30% to 40% in cultured cells as well as mouse plasma, irrespectively of Aβ levels. Finally, we found that the endogenous murine APP669-711/Aβ1-42 ratio was increased in aged AD model mice, which shows Aβ deposition as observed in human patients. These data suggest that ADAMTS4 is involved in the production of APP669-711, and a plasma biomarker determined by IP-MALDI-MS can be used to estimate the level of Aβ deposition in the brain of mouse models.
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15
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Cuffaro D, Ciccone L, Rossello A, Nuti E, Santamaria S. Targeting Aggrecanases for Osteoarthritis Therapy: From Zinc Chelation to Exosite Inhibition. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13505-13532. [PMID: 36250680 PMCID: PMC9620172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. In 1999, two members of the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) family of metalloproteinases, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, or aggrecanases, were identified as the enzymes responsible for aggrecan degradation in cartilage. The first aggrecanase inhibitors targeted the active site by chelation of the catalytic zinc ion. Due to the generally disappointing performance of zinc-chelating inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies, inhibition strategies tried to move away from the active-site zinc in order to improve selectivity. Exosite inhibitors bind to proteoglycan-binding residues present on the aggrecanase ancillary domains (called exosites). While exosite inhibitors are generally more selective than zinc-chelating inhibitors, they are still far from fulfilling their potential, partly due to a lack of structural and functional data on aggrecanase exosites. Filling this gap will inform the design of novel potent, selective aggrecanase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lidia Ciccone
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Nuti
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department
of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial
College London, Du Cane Road, London W12
0NN, U.K.
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16
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Qu H, Khalil RA. Role of ADAM and ADAMTS Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115266. [PMID: 36191626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Normal pregnancy (NP) involves intricate processes starting with egg fertilization, proceeding to embryo implantation, placentation and gestation, and culminating in parturition. These pregnancy-related processes require marked uteroplacental and vascular remodeling by proteolytic enzymes and metalloproteinases. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) are members of the zinc-dependent family of proteinases with highly conserved protein structure and sequence homology, which include a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin and cysteine-rich domain. In NP, ADAMs and ADAMTS regulate sperm-egg fusion, embryo implantation, trophoblast invasion, placental angiogenesis and spiral arteries remodeling through their ectodomain proteolysis of cell surface cytokines, cadherins and growth factors as well as their adhesion with integrins and cell-cell junction proteins. Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by new-onset hypertension (HTN) in pregnancy (HTN-Preg) at or after 20 weeks of gestation, with or without proteinuria. Insufficient trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall, inadequate expansive remodeling of the spiral arteries, reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure, and placental ischemia/hypoxia are major initiating events in the pathogenesis of PE. Placental ischemia/hypoxia increase the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to aberrant expression/activity of certain ADAMs and ADAMTS. In PE, abnormal expression/activity of specific ADAMs and ADAMTS that function as proteolytic sheddases could alter proangiogenic and growth factors, and promote the release of antiangiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines into the placenta and maternal circulation leading to generalized inflammation, endothelial cell injury and HTN-Preg, renal injury and proteinuria, and further decreases in uteroplacental blood flow, exaggeration of placental ischemia, and consequently fetal growth restriction. Identifying the role of ADAMs and ADAMTS in NP and PE has led to a better understanding of the underlying molecular and vascular pathways, and advanced the potential for novel biomarkers for prediction and early detection, and new approaches for the management of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Qu
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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17
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Pintér P, Alpár A. The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911085. [PMID: 36232390 PMCID: PMC9569603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dense neuropil of the central nervous system leaves only limited space for extracellular substances free. The advent of immunohistochemistry, soon followed by advanced diagnostic tools, enabled us to explore the biochemical heterogeneity and compartmentalization of the brain extracellular matrix in exploratory and clinical research alike. The composition of the extracellular matrix is critical to shape neuronal function; changes in its assembly trigger or reflect brain/spinal cord malfunction. In this study, we focus on extracellular matrix changes in neurodegenerative disorders. We summarize its phenotypic appearance and biochemical characteristics, as well as the major enzymes which regulate and remodel matrix establishment in disease. The specifically built basement membrane of the central nervous system, perineuronal nets and perisynaptic axonal coats can protect neurons from toxic agents, and biochemical analysis revealed how the individual glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan components interact with these molecules. Depending on the site, type and progress of the disease, select matrix components can either proactively trigger the formation of disease-specific harmful products, or reactively accumulate, likely to reduce tissue breakdown and neuronal loss. We review the diagnostic use and the increasing importance of medical screening of extracellular matrix components, especially enzymes, which informs us about disease status and, better yet, allows us to forecast illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panka Pintér
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alán Alpár
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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18
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Herd CS, Yu X, Cui Y, Franz AWE. Identification of the extracellular metallo-endopeptidases ADAM and ADAMTS in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 148:103815. [PMID: 35932972 PMCID: PMC11149919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a major vector for dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses, which cause significant morbidity and mortality among human populations in the tropical regions of the world. Following ingestion of a viremic bloodmeal from a vertebrate host, an arbovirus needs to productively infect the midgut epithelium of the mosquito. De novo synthesized virions then exit the midgut by traversing the surrounding basal lamina (BL) in order to disseminate to secondary tissues and infect those. Once the salivary glands are infected, the virus is transmitted to a vertebrate host along with saliva released during probing of the mosquito. Midgut tissue distention due to bloodmeal ingestion leads to remodeling of the midgut structure and facilitates virus dissemination from the organ. Previously, we described the matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) of Ae. aegypti as zinc ion dependent endopeptidases (Metzincins) and showed MMP activity during midgut BL rearrangement as a consequence of bloodmeal ingestion and subsequent digestion thereby affecting arbovirus dissemination from the midgut. Here we investigate the ADAM/ADAMTS of Ae. aegypti, which form another major group of multi-domain proteinases within the Metzincin superfamily and are active during extra-cellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Seven different ADAM and five ADAMTS were identified in Ae. aegypti. The functional protein domain structures of the identified mosquito ADAM resembled those of human ADAM10, ADAM12, and ADAM17, while two of the five mosquito ADAMTS had human orthologs. Expression profiling of Ae. aegypti ADAM/ADAMTS in immature forms, whole body-females, midguts, and ovarian tissues showed transcriptional activity of the proteinases during metamorphosis, bloodmeal ingestion/digestion, and female reproduction. Custom-made antibodies to ADAM10a and ADAM12c showed that both were strongly expressed in midgut and ovarian tissues. Furthermore, transient silencing of ADAM12c significantly reduced the carcass infection rate with CHIKV at 24 h post-infection, while silencing of ADAM12a significantly increased viral titers in secondary tissues at the same time point. Our results indicate a functional specificity for several ADAM/ADAMTS in those selected mosquito tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie S Herd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Xiudao Yu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Alexander W E Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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19
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Costa S, Ragusa MA, Lo Buglio G, Scilabra SD, Nicosia A. The Repertoire of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteases: Evolution, Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Proteolysis, Engineering and Therapeutic Challenges. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081145. [PMID: 36013323 PMCID: PMC9409782 DOI: 10.3390/life12081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) belong to a fascinating protein family expressed in all Metazoa. They act as regulators of the turnover of the extracellular matrix, and they are consistently involved in essential processes. Herein, we recapitulate the main activities of mammalian TIMPs (TIMP1-4) in the control of extracellular-matrix degradation and pathologies associated with aberrant proteostasis. We delineate the activity of TIMPs in the control of extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and discuss the diversity of TIMPs across metazoans taking into account the emergence of the components of the ECM during evolution. Thus, the TIMP repertoire herein analysed includes the homologues from cnidarians, which are coeval with the origins of ECM components; protostomes (molluscs, arthropods and nematodes); and deuterostomes (echinoderms and vertebrates). Several questions, including the maintenance of the structure despite low sequence similarity and the strategies for TIMP engineering, shed light on the possibility to use recombinant TIMPs integrating unique features and binding selectivity for therapeutic applications in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Costa
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.R.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Ragusa
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.R.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Gabriele Lo Buglio
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.R.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Simone Dario Scilabra
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Research Department IRCCS ISMETT, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation—National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zhang S, Liu W, Chen S, Wang B, Wang P, Hu B, Lv X, Shao Z. Extracellular matrix in intervertebral disc: basic and translational implications. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:1-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Sulfated carboxymethylcellulose-based scaffold mediated delivery of Timp3 alleviates osteoarthritis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:54-66. [PMID: 35588980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating progressive joint disease with high incidence and socioeconomic burden. However, no disease-modifying treatment is currently available for OA. Here, we report a sulfated carboxymethylcellulose-based scaffold mediated delivery of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 3 (Timp3) as a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for OA. First, we chemically modified carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to sulfated carboxymethylcellulose (sCMC) to impart native-like electrostatic interaction-based binding of cationic proteins. We then fabricated cartilage ECM mimicking sCMC-gelatin scaffolds which showed preferential binding and sustained delivery of Timp3. This scaffold-mediated delivery of Timp3 demonstrated a reduction in matrix degradation, protease expression and inflammatory markers in the goat ex vivo OA model leading to enhanced retention of cartilage ECM markers when compared to OA control. Further, similar results were obtained when sCMC-gelatin scaffolds were evaluated using human OA samples, supporting its clinical potential. Overall, the Timp3 loaded sCMC-gelatin scaffold shows potential as a treatment approach for OA.
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22
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Giasafaki C, Grant E, Hoerder‐Suabedissen A, Hayashi S, Lee S, Molnár Z. Cross-hierarchical plasticity of corticofugal projections to dLGN after neonatal monocular enucleation. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:978-997. [PMID: 35078267 PMCID: PMC9305932 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Perception is the result of interactions between the sensory periphery, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. Inputs from the retina project to the first-order dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which projects to the primary visual cortex (V1). In return, the cortex innervates the thalamus. While layer 6 projections innervate all thalamic nuclei, cortical layer 5 neurons selectively project to the higher order lateral posterior nucleus (LP) and not to dLGN. It has been demonstrated that a subpopulation of layer 5 (Rbp4-Cre+) projections rewires to dLGN after monocular or binocular enucleation in young postnatal mice. However, the exact cortical regional origin of these projections was not fully determined, and it remained unclear whether these changes persisted into adulthood. In this study, we report gene expression changes observed in the dLGN after monocular enucleation at birth using microarray, qPCR at P6, and in situ hybridization at P8. We report that genes that are normally enriched in dLGN, but not LP during development are preferentially downregulated in dLGN following monocular enucleation. Comparisons with developmental gene expression patters in dLGN suggest more immature and delayed gene expression in enucleated dLGN. Combined tracing and immuno-histochemical analysis revealed that the induced layer 5 fibers that innervate enucleated dLGN originate from putative primary visual cortex and they retain increased VGluT1+ synapse formation into adulthood. Our results indicate a new form of plasticity when layer 5 driver input takes over the innervation of an originally first-order thalamic nucleus after early sensory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Giasafaki
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsOxfordUK,Instituto de Neurociencias de AlicanteCSIC‐UMH, Av. Ramon y Cajals/n 03550 San Juan de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Eleanor Grant
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsOxfordUK
| | | | - Shuichi Hayashi
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsOxfordUK,Department of AnatomyKawasaki Medical SchoolKurashikiOkayama701‐0192Japan
| | - Sheena Lee
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsOxfordUK
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsOxfordUK
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Kadurin I, Dahimene S, Page KM, Ellaway JIJ, Chaggar K, Troeberg L, Nagase H, Dolphin AC. ADAM17 Mediates Proteolytic Maturation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Auxiliary α 2δ Subunits, and Enables Calcium Current Enhancement. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac013. [PMID: 35462614 PMCID: PMC9016415 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The auxiliary α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels are key to augmenting expression and function of CaV1 and CaV2 channels, and are also important drug targets in several therapeutic areas, including neuropathic pain. The α2δ proteins are translated as preproteins encoding both α2 and δ, and post-translationally proteolyzed into α2 and δ subunits, which remain associated as a complex. In this study, we have identified ADAM17 as a key protease involved in proteolytic processing of pro-α2δ-1 and α2δ-3 subunits. We provide three lines of evidence: First, proteolytic cleavage is inhibited by chemical inhibitors of particular metalloproteases, including ADAM17. Second, proteolytic cleavage of both α2δ-1 and α2δ-3 is markedly reduced in cell lines by knockout of ADAM17 but not ADAM10. Third, proteolytic cleavage is reduced by the N-terminal active domain of TIMP-3 (N-TIMP-3), which selectively inhibits ADAM17. We have found previously that proteolytic cleavage into mature α2δ is essential for the enhancement of CaV function, and in agreement, knockout of ADAM17 inhibited the ability of α2δ-1 to enhance both CaV2.2 and CaV1.2 calcium currents. Finally, our data also indicate that the main site of proteolytic cleavage of α2δ-1 is the Golgi apparatus, although cleavage may also occur at the plasma membrane. Thus, our study identifies ADAM17 as a key protease required for proteolytic maturation of α2δ-1 and α2δ-3, and thus a potential drug target in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kadurin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shehrazade Dahimene
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Karen M Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joseph I J Ellaway
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kanchan Chaggar
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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24
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The essential anti-angiogenic strategies in cartilage engineering and osteoarthritic cartilage repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:71. [PMID: 35029764 PMCID: PMC9805356 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the cartilage matrix, complex interactions occur between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic components, growth factors, and environmental stressors to maintain a proper cartilage phenotype that allows for effective load bearing and force distribution. However, as seen in both degenerative disease and tissue engineering, cartilage can lose its vascular resistance. This vascularization then leads to matrix breakdown, chondrocyte apoptosis, and ossification. Research has shown that articular cartilage inflammation leads to compromised joint function and decreased clinical potential for regeneration. Unfortunately, few articles comprehensively summarize what we have learned from previous investigations. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the factors that stabilize chondrocytes to prevent terminal differentiation and applications of these factors to rescue the cartilage phenotype during cartilage engineering and osteoarthritis treatment. Inhibiting vascularization will allow for enhanced phenotypic stability so that we are able to develop more stable implants for cartilage repair and regeneration.
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25
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ADAM and ADAMTS disintegrin and metalloproteinases as major factors and molecular targets in vascular malfunction and disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:255-363. [PMID: 35659374 PMCID: PMC9231755 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) are two closely related families of proteolytic enzymes. ADAMs are largely membrane-bound enzymes that act as molecular scissors or sheddases of membrane-bound proteins, growth factors, cytokines, receptors and ligands, whereas ADAMTS are mainly secreted enzymes. ADAMs have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain. Similarly, ADAMTS family members have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domain, but instead of a transmembrane domain they have thrombospondin motifs. Most ADAMs and ADAMTS are activated by pro-protein convertases, and can be regulated by G-protein coupled receptor agonists, Ca2+ ionophores and protein kinase C. Activated ADAMs and ADAMTS participate in numerous vascular processes including angiogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, vascular cell apoptosis, cell survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. ADAMs and ADAMTS also play a role in vascular malfunction and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and vascular aneurysm. Decreased ADAMTS13 is involved in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and microangiopathies. The activity of ADAMs and ADAMTS can be regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and other synthetic small molecule inhibitors. ADAMs and ADAMTS can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and molecular targets in cardiovascular disease, and modulators of ADAMs and ADAMTS activity may provide potential new approaches for the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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Mougin Z, Huguet Herrero J, Boileau C, Le Goff C. ADAMTS Proteins and Vascular Remodeling in Aortic Aneurysms. Biomolecules 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 35053160 PMCID: PMC8773774 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) in the vascular wall is a highly dynamic structure composed of a set of different molecules such as elastins, collagens, fibronectin (Fn), laminins, proteoglycans, and polysaccharides. ECM undergoes remodeling processes to regulate vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells' proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion. Abnormalities affecting the ECM can lead to alteration in cellular behavior and from this, this can conduce to the development of pathologies. Metalloproteases play a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of ECM by mediating the cleavage of different ECM components. There are different types of metalloproteases: matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), and ADAMs with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs). ADAMTSs have been found to participate in cardiovascular physiology and diseases and specifically in aortic aneurysms. This review aims to decipher the potential role of ADAMTS proteins in the physiopathologic development of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms (TAA) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA). This review will focus on what is known on the ADAMTS family involved in human aneurysms from human tissues to mouse models. The recent findings on THSD4 (encoding ADAMTSL6) mutations in TAA give a new insight on the involvement of the ADAMTS family in TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Mougin
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France; (Z.M.); (J.H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Julia Huguet Herrero
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France; (Z.M.); (J.H.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Catherine Boileau
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France; (Z.M.); (J.H.H.); (C.B.)
- Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Carine Le Goff
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France; (Z.M.); (J.H.H.); (C.B.)
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27
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Elsadek BEM, Abdelghany AA, Abd El-Aziz MA, Madkor HR, Abd Elrady Ahmed A, Abd-Elghaffar SK, Elsadek AAM. Validation of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of ADAMTS5 and FSTL1 in Osteoarthritis Rat Model. Cartilage 2021; 13:1263S-1273S. [PMID: 31177809 PMCID: PMC8804805 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519852405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a global public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and disability. Due to lack of sensitive and specific tools for early OA diagnosis and predicting prognosis, the availability of new reliable and sensitive biomarkers is a widely appreciated need to identify patients at risk for incident disease or disease progression. Accordingly, our study was conducted to validate the usefulness of disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) and follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) to achieve this goal. DESIGN Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups; 24 rats were subjected to medial meniscal tear (MMT) surgery on the right knee joint (OA group), 24 rats were subjected to sham surgery (sham group), and 6 healthy rats (negative control group). Six animals from each group were sacrificed every 2 weeks. At each time point, the right knee joint of each animal was visualized radiologically, a blood sample was collected, and cartilage tissues were isolated for histopathological and western blot analysis. RESULTS We found that the expression levels of ADAMTS5 and FSTL1 significantly increased with OA progression, especially at weeks 4, 6, and 8 after surgery. Notably, the serum levels of ADAMTS5 and FSTL1 showed significant positive correlations with each other and with the studied inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ADAMTS5 and FSTL1 can serve as important and informative serological markers of disease activity in OA. However, further research is needed to validate their use for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of OA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakheet E M Elsadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abdelghany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hafez R Madkor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd Elrady Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sary Kh Abd-Elghaffar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amer Alkot Mostafa Elsadek
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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28
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Santamaria S, Martin DR, Dong X, Yamamoto K, Apte SS, Ahnström J. Post-translational regulation and proteolytic activity of the metalloproteinase ADAMTS8. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101323. [PMID: 34687701 PMCID: PMC8577114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS)8 is a secreted protease, which was recently implicated in pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the substrate repertoire of ADAMTS8 and regulation of its activity are incompletely understood. Although considered a proteoglycanase because of high sequence similarity and close phylogenetic relationship to the proteoglycan-degrading proteases ADAMTS1, 4, 5, and 15, as well as tight genetic linkage with ADAMTS15 on human chromosome 11, its aggrecanase activity was reportedly weak. Several post-translational factors are known to regulate ADAMTS proteases such as autolysis, inhibition by endogenous inhibitors, and receptor-mediated endocytosis, but their impacts on ADAMTS8 are unknown. Here, we show that ADAMTS8 undergoes autolysis at six different sites within its spacer domain. We also found that in contrast to ADAMTS4 and 5, ADAMTS8 levels were not regulated through low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated endocytosis. Additionally, ADAMTS8 lacked significant activity against the proteoglycans aggrecan, versican, and biglycan. Instead, we found that ADAMTS8 cleaved osteopontin, a phosphoprotein whose expression is upregulated in PAH. Multiple ADAMTS8 cleavage sites were identified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Osteopontin cleavage by ADAMTS8 was efficiently inhibited by TIMP-3, an endogenous inhibitor of ADAMTS1, 4, and 5, as well as by TIMP-2, which has no previously reported inhibitory activity against other ADAMTS proteases. These differences in post-translational regulation and substrate repertoire differentiate ADAMTS8 from other family members and may help to elucidate its role in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel R Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiangyi Dong
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Josefin Ahnström
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
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29
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Efficacy of Chondroprotective Food Supplements Based on Collagen Hydrolysate and Compounds Isolated from Marine Organisms. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100542. [PMID: 34677442 PMCID: PMC8541357 DOI: 10.3390/md19100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis belongs to the most common joint diseases in humans and animals and shows increased incidence in older patients. The bioactivities of collagen hydrolysates, sulfated glucosamine and a special fatty acid enriched dog-food were tested in a dog patient study of 52 dogs as potential therapeutic treatment options in early osteoarthritis. Biophysical, biochemical, cell biological and molecular modeling methods support that these well-defined substances may act as effective nutraceuticals. Importantly, the applied collagen hydrolysates as well as sulfated glucosamine residues from marine organisms were strongly supported by both an animal model and molecular modeling of intermolecular interactions. Molecular modeling of predicted interaction dynamics was evaluated for the receptor proteins MMP-3 and ADAMTS-5. These proteins play a prominent role in the maintenance of cartilage health as well as innate and adapted immunity. Nutraceutical data were generated in a veterinary clinical study focusing on mobility and agility. Specifically, key clinical parameter (MMP-3 and TIMP-1) were obtained from blood probes of German shepherd dogs with early osteoarthritis symptoms fed with collagen hydrolysates. Collagen hydrolysate, a chondroprotective food supplement was examined by high resolution NMR experiments. Molecular modeling simulations were used to further characterize the interaction potency of collagen fragments and glucosamines with protein receptor structures. Potential beneficial effects of collagen hydrolysates, sulfated glycans (i.e., sulfated glucosamine from crabs and mussels) and lipids, especially, eicosapentaenoic acid (extracted from fish oil) on biochemical and physiological processes are discussed here in the context of human and veterinary medicine.
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30
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McMahon M, Ye S, Pedrina J, Dlugolenski D, Stambas J. Extracellular Matrix Enzymes and Immune Cell Biology. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:703868. [PMID: 34527702 PMCID: PMC8436118 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.703868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by ECM metalloproteinases is increasingly being associated with regulation of immune cell function. ECM metalloproteinases, including Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and ADAMs with Thombospondin-1 motifs (ADAMTS) play a vital role in pathogen defence and have been shown to influence migration of immune cells. This review provides a current summary of the role of ECM enzymes in immune cell migration and function and discusses opportunities and limitations for development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting metalloproteinase expression and activity in the context of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan McMahon
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Siying Ye
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jess Pedrina
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Dlugolenski
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - John Stambas
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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31
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Jiang L, Lin J, Zhao S, Wu J, Jin Y, Yu L, Wu N, Wu Z, Wang Y, Lin M. ADAMTS5 in Osteoarthritis: Biological Functions, Regulatory Network, and Potential Targeting Therapies. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:703110. [PMID: 34434966 PMCID: PMC8381022 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.703110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS5 is involved in the pathogenesis of OA. As the major aggrecanase-degrading articular cartilage matrix, ADAMTS5, has been regarded as a potential target for OA treatment. We here provide an updated insight on the regulation of ADAMTS5 and newly discovered therapeutic strategies for OA. Pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying articular inflammation and mechanotransduction, as well as chondrocyte hypertrophy were discussed, and the role of ADAMTS5 in each biological process was reviewed, respectively. Senescence, inheritance, inflammation, and mechanical stress are involved in the overactivation of ADAMTS5, contributing to the pathogenesis of OA. Multiple molecular signaling pathways were observed to modulate ADAMTS5 expression, namely, Runx2, Fgf2, Notch, Wnt, NF-κB, YAP/TAZ, and the other inflammatory signaling pathways. Based on the fundamental understanding of ADAMTS5 in OA pathogenesis, monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors against ADAMTS5 were developed and proved to be beneficial pre-clinically both in vitro and in vivo. Recent novel RNA therapies demonstrated potentials in OA animal models. To sum up, ADAMTS5 inhibition and its signaling pathway–based modulations showed great potential in future therapeutic strategies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejian Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Spine Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Spine Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Spine Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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The Role of miRNAs in Extracellular Matrix Repair and Chronic Fibrotic Lung Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071706. [PMID: 34359876 PMCID: PMC8304879 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the normal architecture of the lung, from embryonic lung development to mechanical stability and elastic recoil of the breathing adult lung. The lung ECM can modulate the biophysical environment of cells through ECM stiffness, porosity, topography and insolubility. In a reciprocal interaction, lung ECM dynamics result from the synthesis, degradation and organization of ECM components by the surrounding structural and immune cells. Repeated lung injury and repair can trigger a vicious cycle of aberrant ECM protein deposition, accompanied by elevated ECM stiffness, which has a lasting effect on cell and tissue function. The processes governing the resolution of injury repair are regulated by several pathways; however, in chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary disease (IPF) these processes are compromised, resulting in impaired cell function and ECM remodeling. Current estimates show that more than 60% of the human coding transcripts are regulated by miRNAs. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expressions and modulate cellular functions. This review is focused on the current knowledge of miRNAs in regulating ECM synthesis, degradation and topography by cells and their dysregulation in asthma, COPD and IPF.
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33
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Rose KWJ, Taye N, Karoulias SZ, Hubmacher D. Regulation of ADAMTS Proteases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:701959. [PMID: 34268335 PMCID: PMC8275829 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.701959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motifs (ADAMTS) proteases are secreted metalloproteinases that play key roles in the formation, homeostasis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The substrate spectrum of ADAMTS proteases can range from individual ECM proteins to entire families of ECM proteins, such as the hyalectans. ADAMTS-mediated substrate cleavage is required for the formation, remodeling and physiological adaptation of the ECM to the needs of individual tissues and organ systems. However, ADAMTS proteases can also be involved in the destruction of tissues, resulting in pathologies such as arthritis. Specifically, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 contribute to irreparable cartilage erosion by degrading aggrecan, which is a major constituent of cartilage. Arthritic joint damage is a major contributor to musculoskeletal morbidity and the most frequent clinical indication for total joint arthroplasty. Due to the high sequence homology of ADAMTS proteases in their catalytically active site, it remains a formidable challenge to design ADAMTS isotype-specific inhibitors that selectively inhibit ADAMTS proteases responsible for tissue destruction without affecting the beneficial functions of other ADAMTS proteases. In vivo, proteolytic activity of ADAMTS proteases is regulated on the transcriptional and posttranslational level. Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms that regulate ADAMTS protease activity in tissues including factors that induce ADAMTS gene expression, consequences of posttranslational modifications such as furin processing, the role of endogenous inhibitors and pharmacological approaches to limit ADAMTS protease activity in tissues, which almost exclusively focus on inhibiting the aggrecanase activity of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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34
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Oral Administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Ameliorates the Progression of Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Joint Pain and Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051057. [PMID: 33946919 PMCID: PMC8146916 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and age-related degenerative joint disorder, which adversely affects quality of life and causes disability. However, the pathogenesis of OA remains unclear. This study was performed to examine the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in OA progression. OA was induced in 6-week-old male Wistar rats by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection, and the effects of oral administration of L. rhamnosus were examined in this OA rat model. Pain severity, cartilage destruction, and inflammation were measured in MIA-induced OA rats. The small intestines were isolated from OA rats, and the intestinal structure and inflammation were measured. Protein expression in the dorsal root ganglion was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The effects of L. rhamnosus on mRNA and protein expression in chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pain severity was decreased in L. rhamnosus-treated MIA-induced OA rats. The levels of expression of MCP-1, a potential inflammatory cytokine, and its receptor, CCR2, were decreased, and GABA and PPAR-γ expression were increased in L. rhamnosus-treated OA rats. The inflammation, as determined by IL-1β, and cartilage destruction, as determined by MMP3, were also significantly decreased by L. rhamnosus in OA rats. Additionally, intestinal damage and inflammation were improved by L. rhamnosus. In human OA chondrocytes, TIMP1, TIMP3, SOX9, and COL2A1 which are tissue inhibitors of MMP, and IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, were increased by L. rhamnosus. L. rhamnosus treatment led to decreased pain severity and cartilage destruction in a rat model of OA. Intestinal damage and inflammation were also decreased by L. rhamnosus treatment. Our findings suggested the therapeutic potential of L. rhamnosus in OA.
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Liu J, Wu X, Lu J, Huang G, Dang L, Zhang H, Zhong C, Zhang Z, Li D, Li F, Liang C, Yu Y, Zhang BT, Chen L, Lu A, Zhang G. Exosomal transfer of osteoclast-derived miRNAs to chondrocytes contributes to osteoarthritis progression. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:368-384. [PMID: 37117596 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent aging-related joint disease lacking disease-modifying therapies. Here, we identified an upregulation of circulating exosomal osteoclast (OC)-derived microRNAs (OC-miRNAs) during the progression of surgery-induced OA in mice. We found that reducing OC-miRNAs by Cre-mediated excision of the key miRNA-processing enzyme Dicer or blocking the secretion of OC-originated exosomes by short interfering RNA-mediated silencing of Rab27a substantially delayed the progression of surgery-induced OA in mice. Mechanistically, the exosomal transfer of OC-miRNAs to chondrocytes reduced the resistance of cartilage to matrix degeneration, osteochondral angiogenesis and sensory innervation during OA progression by suppressing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and TIMP-3. Furthermore, systemic administration of a new OC-targeted exosome inhibitor (OCExoInhib) blunted the progression of surgery-induced OA in mice. We suggest that targeting the exosomal transfer of OC-miRNAs to chondrocytes represents a potential therapeutic avenue to tackle OA progression.
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Na HS, Kwon JY, Lee SY, Lee SH, Lee AR, Woo JS, Jung K, Cho KH, Choi JW, Lee DH, Min HK, Park SH, Kim SJ, Cho ML. Metformin Attenuates Monosodium-Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis via Regulation of Pain Mediators and the Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:681. [PMID: 33808727 PMCID: PMC8003384 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative arthritis associated with pain and cartilage destruction in the elderly; it is known to be involved in inflammation as well. A drug called celecoxib is commonly used in patients with osteoarthritis to control pain. Metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes but also exhibits regulation of the autophagy pathway. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether metformin can treat monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA in rats. Metformin was administered orally every day to rats with OA. Paw-withdrawal latency and threshold were used to assess pain severity. Cartilage damage and pain mediators in dorsal root ganglia were evaluated by histological analysis and a scoring system. Relative mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR. Metformin reduced the progression of experimental OA and showed both antinociceptive properties and cartilage protection. The combined administration of metformin and celecoxib controlled cartilage damage more effectively than metformin alone. In chondrocytes from OA patients, metformin reduced catabolic factor gene expression and inflammatory cell death factor expression, increased LC3Ⅱb, p62, and LAMP1 expression, and induced an autophagy-lysosome fusion phenotype. We investigated if metformin treatment reduces cartilage damage and inflammatory cell death of chondrocytes. The results suggest the potential for the therapeutic use of metformin in OA patients based on its ability to suppress pain and protect cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sik Na
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Reasearch Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.N.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.H.L.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.W.); (K.-H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Ji Ye Kwon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Reasearch Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.N.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.H.L.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.W.); (K.-H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Seon-Yeong Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Reasearch Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.N.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.H.L.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.W.); (K.-H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Reasearch Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.N.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.H.L.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.W.); (K.-H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - A Ram Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Reasearch Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.N.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.H.L.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.W.); (K.-H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Reasearch Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.N.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.H.L.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.W.); (K.-H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - KyungAh Jung
- Impact Biotech, Korea 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Keun-Hyung Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Reasearch Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.N.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.H.L.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.W.); (K.-H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Jeong-Won Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Reasearch Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.N.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.H.L.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.W.); (K.-H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Dong Hwan Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 11765, Korea;
| | - Hong-Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 11765, Korea;
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Reasearch Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.N.); (J.Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.); (S.H.L.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.W.); (K.-H.C.); (J.-W.C.)
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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McClurg O, Tinson R, Troeberg L. Targeting Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020126. [PMID: 33562742 PMCID: PMC7916085 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common, degenerative joint disease with significant socio-economic impact worldwide. There are currently no disease-modifying drugs available to treat the disease, making this an important area of pharmaceutical research. In this review, we assessed approaches being explored to directly inhibit metalloproteinase-mediated cartilage degradation and to counteract cartilage damage by promoting growth factor-driven repair. Metalloproteinase-blocking antibodies are discussed, along with recent clinical trials on FGF18 and Wnt pathway inhibitors. We also considered dendrimer-based approaches being developed to deliver and retain such therapeutics in the joint environment. These may reduce systemic side effects while improving local half-life and concentration. Development of such targeted anabolic therapies would be of great benefit in the osteoarthritis field.
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Changes in Gene and Protein Expression of Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and Their Inhibitors TIMP2 and TIMP3 in Different Parts of Fluoride-Exposed Rat Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010391. [PMID: 33396569 PMCID: PMC7796218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride (F) exposure decreases brain receptor activity and neurotransmitter production. A recent study has shown that chronic fluoride exposure during childhood can affect cognitive function and decrease intelligence quotient, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is still incomplete. Extracellular matrix (ECM) and its enzymes are one of the key players of neuroplasticity which is essential for cognitive function development. Changes in the structure and the functioning of synapses are caused, among others, by ECM enzymes. These enzymes, especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), are involved in both physiological processes, such as learning or memory, and pathological processes like glia scare formation, brain tissue regeneration, brain-blood barrier damage and inflammation. Therefore, in this study, we examined the changes in gene and protein expression of MMP2, MMP9, TIMP2 and TIMP3 in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum of rats (Wistar) exposed to relatively low F doses (50 mg/L in drinking water) during the pre- and neonatal period. We found that exposure to F during pre- and postnatal period causes a change in the mRNA and protein level of MMP2, MMP9, TIMP2 and TIMP3 in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum. These changes may be associated with many disorders that are observed during F intoxication. MMPs/TIMPs imbalance may contribute to cognitive impairments. Moreover, our results suggest that a chronic inflammatory process and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage occur in rats’ brains exposed to F.
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Abstract
The ADAMs family belongs to the transmembrane protein superfamily of zinc-dependent metalloproteases, which consists of multiple domains. These domains have independent but complementary functions that enable them to participate in multiple biological processes. Among them, ADAM9 can not only participate in the degradation of extracellular matrix as a metalloprotease, but also mediate tumor cell adhesion through its deintegrin domain, which is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis. It is widely expressed in a variety of tumor cells and can affect the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of related cancer cells. We provide our views on current progress, its increasing importance as a strategic treatment goal, and our vision for the future of ADAM9.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Haoyuan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University , Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - L I Yanshu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University , Liaoning, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
A limited number of peripheral targets generate pain. Inflammatory mediators can sensitize these. The review addresses targets acting exclusively or predominantly on sensory neurons, mediators involved in inflammation targeting sensory neurons, and mediators involved in a more general inflammatory process, of which an analgesic effect secondary to an anti-inflammatory effect can be expected. Different approaches to address these systems are discussed, including scavenging proinflammatory mediators, applying anti-inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting proinflammatory or facilitating anti-inflammatory receptors. New approaches are contrasted to established ones; the current stage of progress is mentioned, in particular considering whether there is data from a molecular and cellular level, from animals, or from human trials, including an early stage after a market release. An overview of publication activity is presented, considering a IuPhar/BPS-curated list of targets with restriction to pain-related publications, which was also used to identify topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin I Ciotu
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Fan D, Kassiri Z. Biology of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), and Its Therapeutic Implications in Cardiovascular Pathology. Front Physiol 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32612540 PMCID: PMC7308558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) is unique among the four TIMPs due to its extracellular matrix (ECM)-binding property and broad range of inhibitory substrates that includes matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs). In addition to its metalloproteinase-inhibitory function, TIMP3 can interact with proteins in the extracellular space resulting in its multifarious functions. TIMP3 mRNA has a long 3' untranslated region (UTR) which is a target for numerous microRNAs. TIMP3 levels are reduced in various cardiovascular diseases, and studies have shown that TIMP3 replenishment ameliorates the disease, suggesting a therapeutic potential for TIMP3 in cardiovascular diseases. While significant efforts have been made in identifying the effector targets of TIMP3, the regulatory mechanism for the expression of this multi-functional TIMP has been less explored. Here, we provide an overview of TIMP3 gene structure, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators (transcription factors and microRNAs), protein structure and partners, its role in cardiovascular pathology and its application as therapy, while also drawing reference from TIMP3 function in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fan
- Department of Pathology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Eskelinen ASA, Tanska P, Florea C, Orozco GA, Julkunen P, Grodzinsky AJ, Korhonen RK. Mechanobiological model for simulation of injured cartilage degradation via pro-inflammatory cytokines and mechanical stimulus. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007998. [PMID: 32584809 PMCID: PMC7343184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is associated with cartilage degradation, ultimately leading to disability and decrease of quality of life. Two key mechanisms have been suggested to occur in PTOA: tissue inflammation and abnormal biomechanical loading. Both mechanisms have been suggested to result in loss of cartilage proteoglycans, the source of tissue fixed charge density (FCD). In order to predict the simultaneous effect of these degrading mechanisms on FCD content, a computational model has been developed. We simulated spatial and temporal changes of FCD content in injured cartilage using a novel finite element model that incorporates (1) diffusion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 into tissue, and (2) the effect of excessive levels of shear strain near chondral defects during physiologically relevant loading. Cytokine-induced biochemical cartilage explant degradation occurs near the sides, top, and lesion, consistent with the literature. In turn, biomechanically-driven FCD loss is predicted near the lesion, in accordance with experimental findings: regions near lesions showed significantly more FCD depletion compared to regions away from lesions (p<0.01). Combined biochemical and biomechanical degradation is found near the free surfaces and especially near the lesion, and the corresponding bulk FCD loss agrees with experiments. We suggest that the presence of lesions plays a role in cytokine diffusion-driven degradation, and also predisposes cartilage for further biomechanical degradation. Models considering both these cartilage degradation pathways concomitantly are promising in silico tools for predicting disease progression, recognizing lesions at high risk, simulating treatments, and ultimately optimizing treatments to postpone the development of PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petri Tanska
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Cristina Florea
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Gustavo A. Orozco
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Petro Julkunen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Alan J. Grodzinsky
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Rami K. Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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Kulkarni P, Martson A, Vidya R, Chitnavis S, Harsulkar A. Pathophysiological landscape of osteoarthritis. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 100:37-90. [PMID: 33453867 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A sharp rise in osteoarthritis (OA) incidence is expected as over 25% of world population ages in the coming decade. Although OA is considered a degenerative disease, mounting evidence suggests a strong connection with chronic metabolic conditions and low-grade inflammation. OA pathology is increasingly understood as a complex interplay of multiple pathological events including oxidative stress, synovitis and immune responses revealing its intricate nature. Cellular, biochemical and molecular aspects of these pathological events along with major outcomes of the relevant research studies in this area are discussed in the present review. With reference to their published and unpublished work, the authors strongly propose synovitis as a central OA pathology and the key OA pathological events are described in connection with it. Recent research outcomes also have succeeded to establish a linkage between metabolic syndrome and OA, which has been precisely included in the present review. Impact of aging process cannot be neglected in OA. Cell senescence is an important mechanism of aging through which it facilitates development of OA like other degenerative disorders, also discussed within a frame of OA. Conclusively, the reviewers urge low-grade inflammation linked to aging and derailed immune function as a pathological platform for OA development and progression. Thus, interventions targeted to prevent inflammaging hold a promising potential in effective OA management and efforts should be invested in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kulkarni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Biomedicine and Translational medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aare Martson
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ragini Vidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Shreya Chitnavis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Abhay Harsulkar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Biomedicine and Translational medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India.
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Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M, Do LD, Hritz BG. Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors: Potential for the Development of New Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:E1313. [PMID: 32466129 PMCID: PMC7290391 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metalloproteinase (MP) family of zinc-dependent proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) plays a crucial role in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation activities. A wide range of substrates of the MP family includes ECM components, chemokines, cell receptors, and growth factors. Metalloproteinases activities are tightly regulated by proteolytic activation and inhibition via their natural inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the imbalance of the activation and inhibition is responsible in progression or inhibition of several diseases, e.g., cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview of the structure, function, and the multifaceted role of MMPs, ADAMs, and TIMPs in several diseases via their cellular functions such as proteolysis of other cell signaling factors, degradation and remodeling of the ECM, and other essential protease-independent interactions in the ECM. The significance of MP inhibitors targeting specific MMP or ADAMs with high selectivity is also discussed. Recent advances and techniques used in developing novel MP inhibitors and MP responsive drug delivery tools are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.D.D.); (B.G.H.)
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Santamaria S. ADAMTS-5: A difficult teenager turning 20. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:4-20. [PMID: 32219922 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS)-5 was identified in 1999 as one of the enzymes responsible for cleaving aggrecan, the major proteoglycan in articular cartilage. Studies in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo have validated ADAMTS-5 as a target in osteoarthritis (OA), a disease characterized by extensive degradation of aggrecan. For this reason, it attracted the interest of many research groups aiming to develop a therapeutic treatment for OA patients. However, ADAMTS-5 proteoglycanase activity is not only involved in the dysregulated aggrecan proteolysis, which occurs in OA, but also in the physiological turnover of other related proteoglycans. In particular, versican, a major ADAMTS-5 substrate, plays an important structural role in heart and blood vessels and its proteolytic processing by ADAMTS-5 must be tightly regulated. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ADAMTS-5, this review looks at the evidence for its detrimental role in OA, as well as its physiological turnover of cardiovascular proteoglycans. Moreover, the other potential functions of this enzyme are highlighted. Finally, challenges and emerging trends in ADAMTS-5 research are discussed.
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Tenascin-C promotes the repair of cartilage defects in mice. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:324-330. [PMID: 30975540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of tenascin-C (TNC) on cartilage repair were examined in cartilage defect model mice. An in vitro study was also performed to determine the mechanism of cartilage repair with TNC. METHODS Full-thickness osteochondral defects were filled with TNC (group A: 100 μg/ml, group B: 10 μg/ml, group C: empty). Mice were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks postoperatively. Cartilage repair was histologically evaluated using the modified WAKITANI score. Chondrocytes were isolated and cultured, and they were treated with TNC. The expressions of various mRNAs including TNC, inflammatory cytokines, and anabolic and catabolic factors for cartilage were compared by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The defects in group A were covered with hyaline-like cartilage after 3 weeks. Average modified WAKITANI scores were significantly better in group A than in groups B and C at 3 and 6 weeks. TNC upregulated the expressions of endogenous TNC, inflammatory cytokines, and anabolic and catabolic factors for cartilage. TNC downregulated the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) 5. CONCLUSIONS Intra-articular injection of full-length TNC repaired cartilage in murine models of full-thickness osteochondral defects. TNC upregulated the expression of ADAMTS4, but downregulated the expression of ADAMTS5 that contributed to cartilage degradation.
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Eckfeld C, Häußler D, Schoeps B, Hermann CD, Krüger A. Functional disparities within the TIMP family in cancer: hints from molecular divergence. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:469-481. [PMID: 31529339 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The members of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) family (TIMP-1, 2, 3, 4) are prominently appreciated as natural inhibitors of cancer-promoting metalloproteinases. However, clinical and recent functional studies indicate that some of them correlate with bad prognosis and contribute to the progression of cancer and metastasis, pointing towards mechanisms beyond inhibition of cancer-promoting proteases. Indeed, it is increasingly recognized that TIMPs are multi-functional proteins mediating a variety of cellular effects including direct cell signaling. Our aim was to provide comprehensive information towards a better appreciation and understanding of the biological heterogeneity and complexity of the TIMPs in cancer. Comparison of all four members revealed distinct cancer-associated expression patterns and distinct prognostic impact including a clear correlation of TIMP-1 with bad prognosis for almost all cancer types. For the first time, we present the interactomes of all TIMPs regarding overlapping and non-overlapping interaction partners. Interestingly, the overlap was maximal for metalloproteinases (e.g., matrix metalloproteinase 1, 2, 3, 9) and decreased for non-protease molecules, especially cell surface receptors (e.g., CD63, overlapping only for TIMP-1 and 4; IGF-1R unique for TIMP-2; VEGFR2 unique for TIMP-3). Finally, we attempted to identify and summarize experimental evidence for common and unique structural traits of the four TIMPs on the basis of amino acid sequence and protein folding, which account for functional disparities. Altogether, the four TIMPs have to be appreciated as molecules with commonalities, but, more importantly, functional disparities, which need to be investigated further in the future, since those determine their distinct roles in cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Eckfeld
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Daniel Häußler
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schoeps
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Chris D Hermann
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- School of Medicine, Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany.
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Lu W, He Z, Shi J, Wang Z, Wu W, Liu J, Kang H, Li F, Liang S. AMD3100 Attenuates Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis by Maintaining Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 via the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1554. [PMID: 32038242 PMCID: PMC6987846 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AMD3100 is a small-molecule inhibitor of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) axis, while its role in aggrecan metabolism is unclear. We hypothesized that the AMD3100 modulates the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) in chondrocytes. We evaluated expression of CXCL12/CXCR4 and TIMP-3 in the knee joints of rats with and without osteoarthritis (OA) by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rats were divided into sham control, destabilization of the medial meniscus/AMD3100-treated (DMM/AMD3100-treated), and DMM/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated groups. After 6 weeks, the rats were euthanized and subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Also, interleukin (IL)-1-pretreated primary chondrocytes were cultured in the presence of empty control (−, −), CXCL12a (+,−), CXCL12a + small interfering RNA (siRNA) CXCR4 (+,+), or CXCL12a + siNC (+NC), and the expression levels of target markers were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The CXCL12/CXCR4 levels were higher, and the expression of TIMP-3 was lower, in the OA rats compared to the healthy control rats. The rats in the DMM/AMD3100-treated group revealed a markedly decreased immunological response and mild pathology. Treatment with CXCL12a increased expression of aggrecan and disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5) and suppressed that of TIMP-3 in IL-1-pretreated primary chondrocytes. TGF-β1 increased expression of TIMP-3, and this increase was reversed by CXCL12a via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, these effects were inhibited by the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and the PI3K inhibitor LY303511. In conclusion, inhibition of the CXCL12a/CXCR4 signaling axis maintained TIMP-3 expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism by which AMD3100 prevents OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenggang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
The ADAMTS superfamily comprises secreted metalloproteases (ADAMTS proteases) as well as structurally related secreted glycoproteins that lack catalytic activity (ADAMTS-like proteins). Members of both families participate in diverse morphogenetic processes during embryonic development, and connective tissue maintenance and hemostasis in the adult. Several ADAMTS proteins are heavily implicated in genetic and acquired human and animal disorders. Despite these indicators of a profound biological and medical importance, detailed knowledge about their molecular structures, substrates, biological pathways, and biochemical mechanisms is significantly limited by unique intrinsic characteristics, which have led to several technical challenges. As a group, they are larger, more heavily modified, and harder to purify than other secreted proteases. In addition, idiosyncratic aspects of individual members are deserving of further investigation but can complicate their analysis. Here, some of the key concepts, challenges, and prospects in ADAMTS research are discussed in the context of the knowledge accumulated over the past two decades. Individual chapters in this volume of Methods in Molecular Biology provide practical solutions for surmounting these challenges. Since the biology of a protease is actually the biology of its substrates, there is considerable emphasis on purification of recombinant ADAMTS proteins, identification of their substrates and assays for their proteolytic activity.
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50
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Profile of Matrix-Remodeling Proteinases in Osteoarthritis: Impact of Fibronectin. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010040. [PMID: 31877874 PMCID: PMC7017325 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and specialized three-dimensional macromolecular network, present in nearly all tissues, that also interacts with cell surface receptors on joint resident cells. Changes in the composition and physical properties of the ECM lead to the development of many diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a chronic degenerative rheumatic disease characterized by a progressive loss of synovial joint function as a consequence of the degradation of articular cartilage, also associated with alterations in the synovial membrane and subchondral bone. During OA, ECM-degrading enzymes, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs), cleave ECM components, such as fibronectin (Fn), generating fibronectin fragments (Fn-fs) with catabolic properties. In turn, Fn-fs promote activation of these proteinases, establishing a degradative and inflammatory feedback loop. Thus, the aim of this review is to update the contribution of ECM-degrading proteinases to the physiopathology of OA as well as their modulation by Fn-fs.
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