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Patalano SD, Fuxman Bass P, Fuxman Bass JI. Transcription factors in the development and treatment of immune disorders. Transcription 2023:1-23. [PMID: 38100543 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2023.2294623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune function is highly controlled at the transcriptional level by the binding of transcription factors (TFs) to promoter and enhancer elements. Several TF families play major roles in immune gene expression, including NF-κB, STAT, IRF, AP-1, NRs, and NFAT, which trigger anti-pathogen responses, promote cell differentiation, and maintain immune system homeostasis. Aberrant expression, activation, or sequence of isoforms and variants of these TFs can result in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as hematological and solid tumor cancers. For this reason, TFs have become attractive drug targets, even though most were previously deemed "undruggable" due to their lack of small molecule binding pockets and the presence of intrinsically disordered regions. However, several aspects of TF structure and function can be targeted for therapeutic intervention, such as ligand-binding domains, protein-protein interactions between TFs and with cofactors, TF-DNA binding, TF stability, upstream signaling pathways, and TF expression. In this review, we provide an overview of each of the important TF families, how they function in immunity, and some related diseases they are involved in. Additionally, we discuss the ways of targeting TFs with drugs along with recent research developments in these areas and their clinical applications, followed by the advantages and disadvantages of targeting TFs for the treatment of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Patalano
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula Fuxman Bass
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Fuxman Bass
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Zhao Z, D’Oliveira Albanus R, Taylor H, Tang X, Han Y, Orchard P, Varshney A, Zhang T, Manickam N, Erdos M, Narisu N, Taylor L, Saavedra X, Zhong A, Li B, Zhou T, Naji A, Liu C, Collins F, Parker SCJ, Chen S. An integrative single-cell multi-omics profiling of human pancreatic islets identifies T1D associated genes and regulatory signals. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3343318. [PMID: 37886586 PMCID: PMC10602166 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3343318/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 100 signals associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, translating any given T1D GWAS signal into mechanistic insights, including putative causal variants and the context (cell type and cell state) in which they function, has been limited. Here, we present a comprehensive multi-omic integrative analysis of single-cell/nucleus resolution profiles of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in healthy and autoantibody+ (AAB+) human islets, as well as islets under multiple T1D stimulatory conditions. We broadly nominate effector cell types for all T1D GWAS signals. We further nominated higher-resolution contexts, including effector cell types, regulatory elements, and genes for three independent T1D risk variants acting through islet cells within the pancreas at the DLK1/MEG3, RASGRP1, and TOX loci. Subsequently, we created isogenic gene knockouts DLK1-/-, RASGRP1-/-, and TOX-/-, and the corresponding regulatory region knockout, RASGRP1Δ, and DLK1Δ hESCs. Loss of RASGRP1 or DLK1, as well as knockout of the regulatory region of RASGRP1 or DLK1, increased β cell apoptosis. Additionally, pancreatic β cells derived from isogenic hESCs carrying the risk allele of rs3783355A/A exhibited increased β cell death. Finally, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq identified five genes upregulated in both RASGRP1-/- and DLK1-/- β-like cells, four of which are associated with T1D. Together, this work reports an integrative approach for combining single cell multi-omics, GWAS, and isogenic hESC-derived β-like cells to prioritize the T1D associated signals and their underlying context-specific cell types, genes, SNPs, and regulatory elements, to illuminate biological functions and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 15 10065, USA
| | | | - Henry Taylor
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuming Tang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 15 10065, USA
| | - Yuling Han
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 15 10065, USA
| | - Peter Orchard
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nandini Manickam
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mike Erdos
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leland Taylor
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaxia Saavedra
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aaron Zhong
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Francis Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen CJ Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 15 10065, USA
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3
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Oh ET, Kim HG, Kim CH, Lee J, Kim C, Lee JS, Cho Y, Park HJ. NQO1 regulates cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase. Theranostics 2023; 13:873-895. [PMID: 36793872 PMCID: PMC9925316 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Overexpression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is associated with tumor cell proliferation and growth in several human cancer types. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of NQO1 in cell cycle progression are currently unclear. Here, we report a novel function of NQO1 in modulation of the cell cycle regulator, cyclin-dependent kinase subunit-1 (CKS1), at the G2/M phase through effects on the stability of c‑Fos. Methods: The roles of the NQO1/c-Fos/CKS1 signaling pathway in cell cycle progression were analyzed in cancer cells using synchronization of the cell cycle and flow cytometry. The mechanisms underlying NQO1/c-Fos/CKS1-mediated regulation of cell cycle progression in cancer cells were studied using siRNA approaches, overexpression systems, reporter assays, co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down assays, microarray analysis, and CDK1 kinase assays. In addition, publicly available data sets and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the correlation between NQO1 expression levels and clinicopathological features in cancer patients. Results: Our results suggest that NQO1 directly interacts with the unstructured DNA-binding domain of c-Fos, which has been implicated in cancer proliferation, differentiation, and development as well as patient survival, and inhibits its proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby inducing CKS1 expression and regulation of cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase. Notably, a NQO1 deficiency in human cancer cell lines led to suppression of c-Fos-mediated CKS1 expression and cell cycle progression. Consistent with this, high NQO1 expression was correlated with increased CKS1 and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Conclusions: Collectively, our results support a novel regulatory role of NQO1 in the mechanism of cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase in cancer through effects on c‑Fos/CKS1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Taex Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Gyeong Kim
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhee Kim
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.,Research Center for Controlling Intracellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Cho
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Joo Park
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.,Research Center for Controlling Intracellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Beasley HK, Widatalla SE, Whalen DS, Williams SD, Korolkova OY, Namba C, Pratap S, Ochieng J, Sakwe AM. Identification of MAGEC2/CT10 as a High Calcium-Inducible Gene in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:816598. [PMID: 35355564 PMCID: PMC8959981 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.816598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the melanoma/cancer-testis antigen MAGEC2/CT10 is restricted to germline cells, but like most cancer-testis antigens, it is frequently upregulated in advanced breast tumors and other malignant tumors. However, the physiological cues that trigger the expression of this gene during malignancy remain unknown. Given that malignant breast cancer is often associated with skeletal metastasis and co-morbidities such as cancer-induced hypercalcemia, we evaluated the effect of high Ca2+ on the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and potential mechanisms underlying the survival of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells at high Ca2+. We show that chronic exposure of TNBC cells to high Ca2+ decreased the sensitivity of CaSR to Ca2+ but stimulated tumor cell growth and migration. Furthermore, high extracellular Ca2+ also stimulated the expression of early response genes such as FOS/FOSB and a unique set of genes associated with malignant tumors, including MAGEC2. We further show that the MAGEC2 proximal promoter is Ca2+ inducible and that FOS/FOSB binds to this promoter in a Ca2+- dependent manner. Finally, downregulation of MAGEC2 strongly inhibited the growth of TNBC cells in vitro. These data suggest for the first time that MAGEC2 is a high Ca2+ inducible gene and that aberrant expression of MAGEC2 in malignant TNBC tissues is at least in part mediated by an increase in circulating Ca2+via the AP-1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sarrah E. Widatalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Diva S. Whalen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Stephen D. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Olga Y. Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Clementine Namba
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Siddharth Pratap
- Bioinformatics Core, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Josiah Ochieng
- Bioinformatics Core, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Amos M. Sakwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Amos M. Sakwe,
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A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Artemisiae scopariae Herba for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6614039. [PMID: 33623529 PMCID: PMC7875618 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background As a traditional Chinese medicine, Artemisiae scopariae Herba (ASH) is used to treat various liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms of ASH for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) using a network pharmacological method. Methods Bioactive ingredients and related targets of ASH were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Gene names of targets were extracted from UniProt database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CHB were obtained from microarray dataset GSE83148. The intersect genes between DEGs and target genes were annotated using clusterProfiler package. The STRING database was used to obtain a network of protein-protein interactions. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct the “ingredient-gene-pathway” (IGP) network. Molecular docking studies were performed using Autodock vina. Results A total of 13 active components were extracted from TCMSP database. Fifteen intersect genes were obtained between 183 target genes and 403 DEGs of GSE83148. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis results showed that ASH against CHB mainly involved in toll-like receptor signaling pathway, cellular senescence, hepatitis B, and chemokine signaling pathway. We screened one hub compound, five core targets, and four key pathways from constructed networks. The docking results indicated the strong binding activity between quercetin and AKT1. Conclusions This study provides potential molecular mechanisms of ASH against CHB based on exploration of network pharmacology.
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Lee MG, Lee KS, Nam KS. Anti‑metastatic effects of arctigenin are regulated by MAPK/AP‑1 signaling in 4T‑1 mouse breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1374-1382. [PMID: 32016480 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin is a natural lignan that is found in burdock with anti‑viral, ‑oxidative, ‑inflammatory and anti‑tumor activities. In the current study, the effect of arctigenin on metastatic potential was examined in 4T‑1 mouse triple‑negative breast cancer cells. The results indicated that arctigenin inhibited cell motility and invasiveness, which was determined using wound healing and transwell invasion assays. Arctigenin suppressed matrix metalloprotease‑9 (MMP‑9) activity via gelatin zymography, and protein expression of cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) and MMP‑3. Furthermore, arctigenin attenuated the mRNA expression of metastatic factors, including MMP‑9, MMP‑3 and COX‑2. Based on these results, the effect of arctigenin on the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activating protein‑1 (AP‑1) signaling pathway was assessed in an attempt to identify the regulatory mechanism responsible for its anti‑metastatic effects. Arctigenin was demonstrated to inhibit the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK), and the nuclear translocations of the AP‑1 subunits, c‑Jun and c‑Fos. In summary, the present study demonstrated that in 4T‑1 mouse triple‑negative breast cancer cells the anti‑metastatic effect of arctigenin is mediated by the inhibition of MMP‑9 activity and by the inhibition of the metastasis‑enhancing factors MMP‑9, MMP‑3 and COX‑2, due to the suppression of the MAPK/AP‑1 signaling pathway. The results of the current study demonstrated that arctigenin exhibits a potential for preventing cell migration and invasion in triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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Bejjani F, Evanno E, Zibara K, Piechaczyk M, Jariel-Encontre I. The AP-1 transcriptional complex: Local switch or remote command? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:11-23. [PMID: 31034924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous family of AP-1 dimeric transcription complexes is involved in virtually all cellular and physiological functions. It is paramount for cells to reprogram gene expression in response to cues of many sorts and is involved in many tumorigenic processes. How AP-1 controls gene transcription has largely remained elusive till recently. The advent of the "omics" technologies permitting genome-wide studies of transcription factors has however changed and improved our view of AP-1 mechanistical actions. If these studies confirm that AP-1 can sometimes act as a local transcriptional switch operating in the vicinity of transcription start sites (TSS), they strikingly indicate that AP-1 principally operates as a remote command binding to distal enhancers, placing chromatin architecture dynamics at the heart of its transcriptional actions. They also unveil novel constraints operating on AP-1, as well as novel mechanisms used to regulate gene expression via transcription-pioneering-, chromatin-remodeling- and chromatin accessibility maintenance effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Bejjani
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emilie Evanno
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Isabelle Jariel-Encontre
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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8
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Inhibition of the TIRAP-c-Jun interaction as a therapeutic strategy for AP1-mediated inflammatory responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:188-197. [PMID: 30909134 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial endotoxin-induced sepsis causes 30-40% of the deaths in the intensive care unit (ICU) globally, for which there is no pharmacotherapy. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, stimulates the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signalling pathways to upregulate the expression of various inflammatory mediators. Here, we show that the TIRAP and c-Jun protein signalling complex forms in macrophages in response to LPS stimulation, which increases the AP1 transcriptional activity, thereby amplifying the expression of inflammatory mediators. Using a computer-aided molecular docking platform, we identified gefitinib as a putative inhibitor of the TIRAP-c-Jun signalling complex. Further, we demonstrated the ability of gefitinib to inhibit the interaction of TIRAP-c-Jun with in vitro experiments and with a mouse model of sepsis. Importantly, pre-treatment with gefitinib increased the survival of the mice that received a lethal dose of LPS compared to that of the controls. These findings verify the ability of gefitinib to directly disrupt the interaction of TIRAP and c-Jun, thereby inhibiting a major inflammatory response that is often observed in patients experiencing sepsis.
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Sabin KZ, Jiang P, Gearhart MD, Stewart R, Echeverri K. AP-1 cFos/JunB/miR-200a regulate the pro-regenerative glial cell response during axolotl spinal cord regeneration. Commun Biol 2019; 2:91. [PMID: 30854483 PMCID: PMC6403268 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salamanders have the remarkable ability to functionally regenerate after spinal cord transection. In response to injury, GFAP+ glial cells in the axolotl spinal cord proliferate and migrate to replace the missing neural tube and create a permissive environment for axon regeneration. Molecular pathways that regulate the pro-regenerative axolotl glial cell response are poorly understood. Here we show axolotl glial cells up-regulate AP-1cFos/JunB after injury, which promotes a pro-regenerative glial cell response. Injury induced upregulation of miR-200a in glial cells supresses c-Jun expression in these cells. Inhibition of miR-200a during regeneration causes defects in axonal regrowth and transcriptomic analysis revealed that miR-200a inhibition leads to differential regulation of genes involved with reactive gliosis, the glial scar, extracellular matrix remodeling and axon guidance. This work identifies a unique role for miR-200a in inhibiting reactive gliosis in axolotl glial cells during spinal cord regeneration. Keith Sabin et al. showed that upregulation of the AP-1 complex, composed of c-Fos and JunB, in the axolotl spinal cord promotes a pro-regenerative glial cell response. This response is impaired by inhibition of miR-200a; suggesting an important role for this microRNA in axolotl spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Z Sabin
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Woods Hole, 02543, MA, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, 53715, WI, USA
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, 53715, WI, USA
| | - Karen Echeverri
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Marine Biological Laboratory, Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Woods Hole, 02543, MA, USA.
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Terciolo C, Dobric A, Ouaissi M, Siret C, Breuzard G, Silvy F, Marchiori B, Germain S, Bonier R, Hama A, Owens R, Lombardo D, Rigot V, André F. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 Restores intestinal Barrier Integrity by Regulation of E-cadherin Recycling. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:999-1010. [PMID: 28333335 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alteration in intestinal permeability is the main factor underlying the pathogenesis of many diseases affecting the gut, such as inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Characterization of molecules targeting the restoration of intestinal barrier integrity is therefore vital for the development of alternative therapies. The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 [Sb], used to prevent and treat antibiotic-associated infectious and functional diarrhea, may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of IBD. METHODS We analyzed the impact of Sb supernatant on tissue integrity and components of adherens junctions using cultured explants of colon from both IBD and healthy patients. To evaluate the pathways by which Sb regulates the expression of E-cadherin at the cell surface, we developed in vitro assays using human colonic cell lines, including cell aggregation, a calcium switch assay, real-time measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance [TEER] and pulse-chase experiments. RESULTS We showed that Sb supernatant treatment of colonic explants protects the epithelial morphology and maintains E-cadherin expression at the cell surface. In vitro experiments revealed that Sb supernatant enhances E-cadherin delivery to the cell surface by re-routing endocytosed E-cadherin back to the plasma membrane. This process, involving Rab11A-dependent recycling endosome, leads to restoration of enterocyte adherens junctions, in addition to the overall restoration and strengthening of intestinal barrier function. CONCLUSION These findings open new possibilities of discovering novel options for prevention and therapy of diseases that affect intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Terciolo
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Dobric
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Ouaissi
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, AP-HM, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Siret
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Breuzard
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Renaté Bonier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Adel Hama
- Ecole des Mines de Saint Etienne, BEL, Gardanne, France
| | - Roisin Owens
- Ecole des Mines de Saint Etienne, BEL, Gardanne, France
| | | | - Véronique Rigot
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric André
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France
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11
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Langowski J. Single plane illumination microscopy as a tool for studying nucleome dynamics. Methods 2017; 123:3-10. [PMID: 28648678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) is a new optical method that has become extremely important in recent years. It is based on the formation of a "light slice" in the specimen in which fluorescently tagged molecules are observed. The spatial resolution is close to that of confocal optics, but without the disadvantages inherent to scanning or high laser irradiation doses. A recent development is light sheet fluctuation microscopy, which exploits the dynamic information contained in the fluorescence intensity fluctuations of each image pixel. Here we review the principles of this method and show some recent applications to the dynamics of transcription factors and chromatin. We show that the dimerization of Fos and Jun proteins is directly linked to their binding to DNA; that nuclear receptor activation changes their intranuclear dynamics; and that the viscoelastic behavior of interphase chromatin strongly depends on the presence of lamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Langowski
- Biophysics of Macromolecules, DKFZ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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BGRMI: A method for inferring gene regulatory networks from time-course gene expression data and its application in breast cancer research. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37140. [PMID: 27876826 PMCID: PMC5120305 DOI: 10.1038/srep37140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from gene expression data is a challenging problem. Existing GRN reconstruction algorithms can be broadly divided into model-free and model–based methods. Typically, model-free methods have high accuracy but are computation intensive whereas model-based methods are fast but less accurate. We propose Bayesian Gene Regulation Model Inference (BGRMI), a model-based method for inferring GRNs from time-course gene expression data. BGRMI uses a Bayesian framework to calculate the probability of different models of GRNs and a heuristic search strategy to scan the model space efficiently. Using benchmark datasets, we show that BGRMI has higher/comparable accuracy at a fraction of the computational cost of competing algorithms. Additionally, it can incorporate prior knowledge of potential gene regulation mechanisms and TF hetero-dimerization processes in the GRN reconstruction process. We incorporated existing ChIP-seq data and known protein interactions between TFs in BGRMI as sources of prior knowledge to reconstruct transcription regulatory networks of proliferating and differentiating breast cancer (BC) cells from time-course gene expression data. The reconstructed networks revealed key driver genes of proliferation and differentiation in BC cells. Some of these genes were not previously studied in the context of BC, but may have clinical relevance in BC treatment.
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13
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Genome-wide footprinting: ready for prime time? Nat Methods 2016; 13:222-228. [PMID: 26914206 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technologies have allowed many gene locus-level molecular biology assays to become genome-wide profiling methods. DNA-cleaving enzymes such as DNase I have been used to probe accessible chromatin. The accessible regions contain functional regulatory sites, including promoters, insulators and enhancers. Deep sequencing of DNase-seq libraries and computational analysis of the cut profiles have been used to infer protein occupancy in the genome at the nucleotide level, a method introduced as 'digital genomic footprinting'. The approach has been proposed as an attractive alternative to the analysis of transcription factors (TFs) by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq), and in theory it should overcome antibody issues, poor resolution and batch effects. Recent reports point to limitations of the DNase-based genomic footprinting approach and call into question the scope of detectable protein occupancy, especially for TFs with short-lived chromatin binding. The genomics community is grappling with issues concerning the utility of genomic footprinting and is reassessing the proposed approaches in terms of robust deliverables. Here we summarize the consensus as well as different views emerging from recent reports, and we describe the remaining issues and hurdles for genomic footprinting.
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14
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Gusmao EG, Allhoff M, Zenke M, Costa IG. Analysis of computational footprinting methods for DNase sequencing experiments. Nat Methods 2016; 13:303-9. [PMID: 26901649 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
DNase-seq allows nucleotide-level identification of transcription factor binding sites on the basis of a computational search of footprint-like DNase I cleavage patterns on the DNA. Frequently in high-throughput methods, experimental artifacts such as DNase I cleavage bias affect the computational analysis of DNase-seq experiments. Here we performed a comprehensive and systematic study on the performance of computational footprinting methods. We evaluated ten footprinting methods in a panel of DNase-seq experiments for their ability to recover cell-specific transcription factor binding sites. We show that three methods--HINT, DNase2TF and PIQ--consistently outperformed the other evaluated methods and that correcting the DNase-seq signal for experimental artifacts significantly improved the accuracy of computational footprints. We also propose a score that can be used to detect footprints arising from transcription factors with potentially short residence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo G Gusmao
- IZKF Computational Biology Research Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manuel Allhoff
- IZKF Computational Biology Research Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science (AICES), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- IZKF Computational Biology Research Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science (AICES), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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15
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Pernuš A, Langowski J. Imaging Fos-Jun transcription factor mobility and interaction in live cells by single plane illumination-fluorescence cross correlation spectroscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123070. [PMID: 25875593 PMCID: PMC4397054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We collected mobility and interaction maps of c-Fos-eGFP and c-Jun-mRFP1 transcription factors within living cell nuclei. c-Fos dimerizes with c-Jun to form the transcription activator protein-1 (AP-1) which binds to the specific recognition site. To monitor this process, we used fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy on a single plane illumination microscope (SPIM-FCCS), which provides diffusion coefficient and protein-protein interaction data in the whole image plane simultaneously, instead of just one point on conventional confocal FCS. We find a strong correlation between diffusional mobility and interaction: regions of strong interaction show slow mobility. Controls containing either an eGFP-mRFP dimer, separately expressing eGFP and mRPF, or c-Fos-eGFP and c-Jun-mRFP1 mutants lacking dimerization and DNA-binding domains, showed no such correlation. These results extend our earlier findings from confocal FCCS to include spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Pernuš
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Langowski
- Division Biophysics of Macromolecules, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Qin Z, Robichaud P, He T, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ, Quan T. Oxidant exposure induces cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1) via c-Jun/AP-1 to reduce collagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115402. [PMID: 25536346 PMCID: PMC4275215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is a primary target of oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from both extrinsic and intrinsic sources. Oxidative stress inhibits the production of collagen, the most abundant protein in skin, and thus contributes to connective tissue aging. Here we report that cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1), a negative regulator of collagen production, is markedly induced by ROS and mediates loss of type I collagen in human dermal fibroblasts. Conversely, antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly reduced CCN1 expression and prevented ROS-induced loss of type I collagen in both human dermal fibroblasts and human skin in vivo. ROS increased c-Jun, a critical member of transcription factor AP-1 complex, and increased c-Jun binding to the AP-1 site of the CCN1 promoter. Functional blocking of c-Jun significantly reduced CCN1 promoter and gene expression and thus prevented ROS-induced loss of type I collagen. Targeting the c-Jun/CCN1 axis may provide clinical benefit for connective tissue aging in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Qin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Patrick Robichaud
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tianyuan He
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - John J. Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Taihao Quan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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c-Fos-activated synthesis of nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P₂] promotes global transcriptional changes. Biochem J 2014; 461:521-30. [PMID: 24819416 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
c-Fos is a well-recognized member of the AP-1 (activator protein-1) family of transcription factors. In addition to this canonical activity, we previously showed that cytoplasmic c-Fos activates phospholipid synthesis through a mechanism independent of its genomic AP-1 activity. c-Fos associates with particular enzymes of the lipid synthesis pathway at the endoplasmic reticulum and increases the Vmax of the reactions without modifying the Km values. This lipid synthesis activation is associated with events of differentiation and proliferation that require high rates of membrane biogenesis. Since lipid synthesis also occurs in the nucleus, and different phospholipids have been assigned transcription regulatory functions, in the present study we examine if c-Fos also acts as a regulator of phospholipid synthesis in the nucleus. Furthermore, we examine if c-Fos modulates transcription through its phospholipid synthesis activator capacity. We show that nuclear-localized c-Fos associates with and activates PI4P5K (phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate 5-kinase), but not with PI4KIIIβ (type IIIβ phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase) thus promoting PtdIns(4,5)P₂ (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) formation, which, in turn, promotes transcriptional changes. We propose c-Fos as a key regulator of nuclear PtdIns(4,5)P₂ synthesis in response to growth signals that results in c-Fos-dependent transcriptional changes promoted by the newly synthesized lipids.
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18
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Sung MH, Guertin MJ, Baek S, Hager GL. DNase footprint signatures are dictated by factor dynamics and DNA sequence. Mol Cell 2014; 56:275-285. [PMID: 25242143 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomic footprinting has emerged as an unbiased discovery method for transcription factor (TF) occupancy at cognate DNA in vivo. A basic premise of footprinting is that sequence-specific TF-DNA interactions are associated with localized resistance to nucleases, leaving observable signatures of cleavage within accessible chromatin. This phenomenon is interpreted to imply protection of the critical nucleotides by the stably bound protein factor. However, this model conflicts with previous reports of many TFs exchanging with specific binding sites in living cells on a timescale of seconds. We show that TFs with short DNA residence times have no footprints at bound motif elements. Moreover, the nuclease cleavage profile within a footprint originates from the DNA sequence in the factor-binding site, rather than from the protein occupying specific nucleotides. These findings suggest a revised understanding of TF footprinting and reveal limitations in comprehensive reconstruction of the TF regulatory network using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Hee Sung
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 41, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Guertin
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 41, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Songjoon Baek
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 41, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 41, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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19
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Jiang X, Yang X, Han Y, Lu S. Transcription factor AP1 binds the functional region of the promoter and regulates gene expression of human PPARdelta in LoVo cell. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3619-25. [PMID: 23832539 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ gene (PPARδ) is correlated with carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, but the regulation of its gene transcription remains unclear. We herein report that AP1 binds the promoter and regulates PPARδ gene expression. With a luciferase reporter system, we identified a functional promoter region of 30 bp of PPARδ gene by deletion and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Using site-directed mutagenesis and decoy analyses, we demonstrated that AP1 bound the functional transcriptional factor binding site in a region extending from -176 to -73 of the PPARδ promoter, which was confirmed using EMSA and supershift assays. Consequently, inhibition of the AP1 binding site led to decreased PPARδ mRNA. Our study demonstrated that AP1 is the transcriptional factor that contributes to PPARδ expression in LoVo cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Li Y, Cai X, Shen Y, Shi H, Li L, Liu Q, Zhang X, Ye L. The nuclear import of oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein depends on interacting with c-Fos and phosphorylation of both proteins in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18961-74. [PMID: 23667255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant nuclear localization of oncogenic transcription factors and coactivators always leads to the development of cancer. We have reported that the oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) acts as a novel transcriptional coactivator to promote proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism of regulating the nuclear import of HBXIP remains unclear. In the present study, we found that HBXIP interacted with c-Fos through their leucine zipper domains in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the leucine zipper mutant of HBXIP (or c-Fos) was unavailable to bind to c-Fos (or HBXIP), resulting in the disappearance of nuclear localization of HBXIP. Moreover, we revealed that the nuclear import of HBXIP was required for phosphorylation of c-Fos at Thr(232), Thr(325), Thr(331), and Ser(374) by ERK1/2. In addition, the mutant of HBXIP at the Ser(108) phosphorylation site failed to import into the nucleus. Strikingly, we found that the kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) phosphorylated HBXIP at Ser(108). The knockdown of ATM by siRNA remarkably decreased the levels of serine phosphorylation and blocked the nuclear import of HBXIP. Then, we identified that ATM could bind to HBXIP. Moreover, we validated that the nuclear import of HBXIP contributed to its nuclear function. Therefore, we conclude that the nuclear import of the oncoprotein HBXIP requires interaction with c-Fos through their leucine zipper domains and phosphorylation of both proteins in breast cancer cells. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of the nuclear import of HBXIP. Therapeutically, the block of the nuclear import of HBXIP is significant in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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21
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Breuzard G, Hubert P, Nouar R, De Bessa T, Devred F, Barbier P, Sturgis JN, Peyrot V. Molecular mechanisms of Tau binding to microtubules and its role in microtubule dynamics in live cells. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2810-9. [PMID: 23659998 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies, the molecular mechanisms of Tau binding to microtubules (MTs) and its consequences on MT stability still remain unclear. It is especially true in cells where the spatiotemporal distribution of Tau-MT interactions is unknown. Using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), we showed that the Tau-MT interaction was distributed along MTs in periodic hotspots of high and low FRET intensities. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed a two-phase exchange of Tau with MTs as a rapid diffusion followed by a slower binding phase. A real-time FRET assay showed that high FRET occurred simultaneously with rescue and pause transitions at MT ends. To further explore the functional interaction of Tau with MTs, the binding of paclitaxel (PTX), tubulin acetylation induced by trichostatin A (TSA), and the expression of non-acetylatable tubulin were used. With PTX and TSA, FRAP curves best fitted a single phase with a long time constant, whereas with non-acetylatable α-tubulin, curves best fitted a two phase recovery. Upon incubation with PTX and TSA, the number of high and low FRET hotspots decreased by up to 50% and no hotspot was observed during rescue and pause transitions. In the presence of non-acetylatable α-tubulin, a 34% increase in low FRET hotspots occurred, and our real-time FRET assay revealed that low FRET hotspots appeared with MTs recovering growth. In conclusion, we have identified, by FRET and FRAP, a discrete Tau-MT interaction, in which Tau could induce conformational changes of MTs, favoring recovery of MT self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Breuzard
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie 13385, Marseille, France.
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22
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Jiang Y, Chen C, Chen SM, Wang YQ, Xu Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, Xiao BK, Tao ZZ. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes the proliferation of human laryngeal carcinoma cells through activation of the activator protein 1. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:75-80. [PMID: 23946780 PMCID: PMC3742814 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TERT is the main functional unit of telomerase, which maintains telomere length and chromosome structure stability. TERT has been shown to act as a key factor in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, via uncharacterized mechanisms. We transfected HEp-2 laryngeal carcinoma cells with a TERT overexpressing adenovirus (Ad-TERT) and TERT shRNA silencing adenovirus (Ad-sh-TERT), and examined the effect on TERT and the AP-1 transcription factor subunits c-Fos and c-Jun using RT-PCR and western blot analysis. TERT mRNA expression was quantified using RT-PCR in 24 human laryngeal carcinoma samples, and TERT protein co-expression with AP-1 was investigated in a human laryngeal carcinoma tissue microarray using quantum-dot based immunofluorescence. The effect of specific ERK and p38 inhibitors on ERK, p38, c-Jun and c-Fos phosphorylation was investigated in TERT-overexpressing HEp-2 cells. TERT overexpression led to increased TERT, c-Jun and c-Fos mRNA and protein expression and increased cell proliferation, while TERT silencing had the opposite effects. TERT mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with c-Fos and c-Jun mRNA in human laryngeal carcinoma tissue. TERT and AP-1 protein were expressed at high levels and positively correlated in laryngeal carcinoma tissues. Treatment of TERT-overexpressing HEp-2 cells with specific p38 and ERK inhibitors indicated that TERT modulates the expression and phosphorylation of the AP-1 subunits c-Jun and c-Fos through the p38 and ERK signaling pathways. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that TERT is capable of promoting cell proliferation via activation of the AP-1 subunits, c-Jun and c-Fos, in laryngeal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
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23
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Li B, Wan X, Zhu Q, Li L, Zeng Y, Hu D, Qian Y, Lu L, Wang X, Meng X. Net expression inhibits the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell PL45 in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57818. [PMID: 23469073 PMCID: PMC3585156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and a lack of effective therapeutic options. Thus, it is important to better understand its molecular mechanisms and to develop more effective treatments for the disease. The ternary complex factor Net, which exerts its strong inhibitory function on transcription of proto-oncogene gene c-fos by forming ternary complexes with a second transcription factor, has been suspected of being involved in pancreatic cancer and other tumors biology. In this study, we found that the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines had weak or no expression of Net, whereas significantly high level of Net expression occurred in paired adjacent normal tissues we studied. Furthermore, using in vitro and in vivo model systems, we found that overexpression of Net inhibited cell growth and survival and induced cell apoptosis in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell PL45; the mechanisms by which Net inhibited the cell cycle progression were mainly through P21-Cyclin D1/CDK4 Pathway. Our data thus suggested that Net might play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis, possibly by acting as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duanmin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqin Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (XM)
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (XM)
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24
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Tempé D, Vives E, Brockly F, Brooks H, De Rossi S, Piechaczyk M, Bossis G. SUMOylation of the inducible (c-Fos:c-Jun)/AP-1 transcription complex occurs on target promoters to limit transcriptional activation. Oncogene 2013; 33:921-7. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Zhou X, Huang SY, Feng JX, Gao YY, Zhao L, Lu J, Huang BQ, Zhang Y. SOX7 is involved in aspirin-mediated growth inhibition of human colorectal cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4922-7. [PMID: 22171135 PMCID: PMC3235637 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i44.4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To confirm the role of sex-determining region Y-box 7 (Sox7) in aspirin-mediated growth inhibition of COX-independent human colorectal cancer cells.
METHODS: The cell survival percentage was examined by MTT (Moto-nuclear cell direc cytotoxicity) assay. SOX7 expression was assessed by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. SB203580 was used to inhibit the p38MAPK signal pathway. SOX7 promoter activity was detected by Luciferase reporter assay.
RESULTS: SOX7 was upregulated by aspirin and was involved in aspirin-mediated growth inhibition of SW480 human colorectal cancer cells. The p38MAPK pathway played a role in aspirin-induced SOX7 expression, during which the AP1 transcription factors c-Jun and c-Fos upregulated SOX7 promoter activities.
RESULTS: SOX7 is upregulated by aspirin and is involved in aspirin-mediated growth inhibition of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells.
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26
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Lenartowski R, Goc A. Epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 29:873-83. [PMID: 21803145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, EC 1.14.16.2) gene and protein determines the catecholamine level, which, in turn, is crucial for the organism homeostasis. The TH gene expression is regulated by near all possible regulatory mechanisms on epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Ongoing molecular characteristic of the TH gene reveals some of the cis and trans elements necessary for its proper expression but most of them especially these responsible for tissue specific expression remain still obscure. This review will focus on some aspects of TH regulation including spatial chromatin organization of the TH locus and TH gene, regulatory elements mediating basal, induced and cell-specific activity, transcriptional elongation, alternative TH RNA processing, and the regulation of TH RNA stability in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lenartowski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Logullo AF, Stiepcich MMÁ, Osório CABDT, Nonogaki S, Pasini FS, Rocha RM, Soares FA, Brentani MM. Role of Fos-related antigen 1 in the progression and prognosis of ductal breast carcinoma. Histopathology 2011; 58:617-25. [PMID: 21371080 PMCID: PMC3085077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) is a member of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor family. Our objective was to evaluate the role of Fra-1 expression in breast carcinoma progression and prognosis. Methods and results Fra-1 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in two tissue microarrays containing, respectively, 85 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 771 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples. Staining was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the carcinomas, but only nuclear staining was considered to be positive. Fibroblasts associated with IDC were also Fra-1-positive. The frequency of Fra-1 positivity in IDC (22.8%) was lower than that in DCIS (42.2%). No association was found between Fra-1 and clinico-pathological variables in DCIS. In IDC, Fra-1 expression correlated with aggressive phenotype markers, including: high grade, oestrogen receptor negativity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positivity (P = 0.001, 0.015 and 0.004, respectively), and marginally with the presence of metastasis (P = 0.07). Fra-1 was more frequently positive in basal-like (34%) and in HER-2-positive (38.5%) subtypes than in luminal subtypes. Fra-1 presence did not correlate with survival. Conclusions A high frequency of Fra-1 in DCIS tumours may be associated with early events in breast carcinogenesis. Although Fra-1 expression correlated with features of a more aggressive phenotype in IDC, no relationship with overall survival was found.
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Talotta F, Mega T, Bossis G, Casalino L, Basbous J, Jariel-Encontre I, Piechaczyk M, Verde P. Heterodimerization with Fra-1 cooperates with the ERK pathway to stabilize c-Jun in response to the RAS oncoprotein. Oncogene 2010; 29:4732-40. [PMID: 20543861 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple tumorigenic pathways converge on the activating protein-1 (AP-1) family of dimeric transcription complexes by affecting transcription, mRNA decay, posttranslational modifications, as well as stability of its JUN and FOS components. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the phosphorylation- and ubiquitylation-dependent control of c-Jun protein stability. Although its dimer composition has a major role in the regulation of AP-1, little is known about the influence of heterodimerization partners on the half-life of c-Jun. The FOS family member Fra-1 is overexpressed in various tumors and cancer cell lines wherein it controls motility, invasiveness, cell survival and cell division. Oncogene-induced accumulation of Fra-1 results from both increased transcription and phosphorylation-dependent stabilization of the protein. In this report, we describe a novel role of Fra-1 as a posttranslational regulator of c-Jun. By using both constitutively and inducible transformed rat thyroid cell lines, we found that c-Jun is stabilized in response to RAS oncoprotein expression. This stabilization requires the activity of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway, along with c-Jun heterodimerization with Fra-1. In particular, heterodimerization with Fra-1 inhibits c-Jun breakdown by a mechanism dependent on the phosphorylation of the Fra-1 C-terminal domain that positively controls the stability of the protein in response to ERK signaling. Therefore, Fra-1 modulates AP-1 dimer composition by promoting the accumulation of c-Jun in response to oncogenic RAS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Talotta
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati Traverso,' CNR, Naples, Italy
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c-Fos proteasomal degradation is activated by a default mechanism, and its regulation by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 determines c-Fos serum response kinetics. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:3767-78. [PMID: 20498278 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00899-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The short-lived proto-oncoprotein c-Fos is a component of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor. A large region of c-Fos is intrinsically unstructured and susceptible to a recently characterized proteasomal ubiquitin-independent degradation (UID) pathway. UID is active by a default mechanism that is inhibited by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a 20S proteasome gatekeeper. Here, we show that NQO1 binds and induces robust c-Fos accumulation by blocking the UID pathway. c-Jun, a partner of c-Fos, also protects c-Fos from proteasomal degradation by default. Our findings suggest that NQO1 protects monomeric c-Fos from proteasomal UID, a function that is fulfilled later by c-Jun. We show that this process regulates c-Fos homeostasis (proteostasis) in response to serum stimulation, phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and transcription activity. In addition, we show that NQO1 is important to ensure immediate c-Fos accumulation in response to serum, since a delayed response was observed under low NQO1 expression. These data suggest that in vivo, protein unstructured regions determine the kinetics and the homeostasis of regulatory proteins. Our data provide evidence for another layer of regulation of key regulatory proteins that functions at the level of protein degradation and is designed to ensure optimal formation of functional complexes such as AP-1.
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Gomard T, Michaud HA, Tempé D, Thiolon K, Pelegrin M, Piechaczyk M. An NF-kappaB-dependent role for JunB in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9585. [PMID: 20221401 PMCID: PMC2833204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the induction of adaptive and memory immune responses. Upon encounter with pathogens, they undergo a complex maturation process and migrate toward lymphoid organs where they stimulate immune effector cells. This process is associated with dramatic transcriptome changes, pointing to a paramount role for transcription factors in DC activation and function. The regulation and the role of these transcription factors are however ill-defined and require characterization. Among those, AP-1 is a family of dimeric transcription complexes with an acknowledged role in the control of immunity. However, it has not been studied in detail in DCs yet. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we have investigated the regulation and function of one of its essential components, JunB, in primary bone marrow–derived DCs induced to maturate upon stimulation by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our data show fast and transient NF-κB–dependent transcriptional induction of the junb gene correlating with the induction of the TNFα, IL-6, and IL-12 proinflammatory cytokines. Inhibition of JunB protein induction by RNA interference hampered the transcriptional activation of the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 genes. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed LPS-inducible binding of JunB at AP-1–responsive sites found in promoter regions of these genes. Concomitant LPS-inducible NF-κB/p65 binding to these promoters was also observed. Conclusions/Significance We identified a novel role for JunB—that is, induction of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated primary DCs with NF-κB acting not only as an inducer of JunB, but also as its transcriptional partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphanie Gomard
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Henri-Alexandre Michaud
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Tempé
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin Thiolon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Mireia Pelegrin
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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