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Kim S, Lee S. Electrochemical synthesis of sulfinic and sulfonic esters from sulfonyl hydrazides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4436-4444. [PMID: 38742933 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical synthetic method for the synthesis of sulfinic esters and sulfonic esters from sulfonyl hydrazides was developed. Alkyl sulfinic esters were synthesized by treating sulfonyl hydrazides with trialkyl orthoformate in a DMF solvent at a constant current of 5 mA and then optimizing the reaction conditions. Conversely, alkyl sulfonic esters were exclusively obtained when the reaction was conducted in alkyl alcohol solvents at a constant current of 15 mA. The various substituted arylsulfonyl hydrazides afforded moderate to good yields of the desired sulfinic esters and sulfonic esters. Mechanistic investigations revealed that sulfonyl radicals were formed through electrochemical oxidation and that they react with alkyl radicals or alkoxy radicals to generate the respective ester products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea.
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2
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Zhang G, Sang Z, Wu W, Fan Q, Ding C. Rongalite Promoted Reductive Esterification of Sulfonyl Chlorides: An Efficient Preparation of Sulfinic Esters. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Huzhou 313299 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Sang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Huzhou 313299 People's Republic of China
| | - WenLiang Wu
- Zhejiang Jitai New Materials Co., Ltd Hangzhou 310000 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Huzhou 313299 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Huzhou 313299 People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhang G, Fan Q, Wang H, Zhao Y, Ding C. NaHSO
3
‐Mediated Direct Synthesis of Sulfinic Esters from Sulfonyl Hydrazides under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Ecological Environment Low Carbon Development Center Hangzhou 310012 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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4
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Joo YH, Kim YK, Choi IG, Kim HJ, Son YD, Kim HK, Cumming P, Kim JH. In vivo glucose metabolism and glutamate levels in mGluR5 knockout mice: a multimodal neuroimaging study using [ 18F]FDG microPET and MRS. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:116. [PMID: 33006705 PMCID: PMC7532251 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perturbed functional coupling between the metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. We aimed to establish the functional interaction between mGluR5 and NMDA receptors in brain of mice with genetic ablation of the mGluR5. Methods We first measured the brain glutamate levels with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in mGluR5 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Then, we assessed brain glucose metabolism with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography before and after the acute administration of an NMDA antagonist, MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg), in the same mGluR5 KO and WT mice. Results Between-group comparisons showed no significant differences in [18F]FDG standardized uptake values (SUVs) in brain of mGluR5 KO and WT mice at baseline, but widespread reductions in mGluR5 KO mice compared to WT mice after MK-801 administration (p < 0.05). The baseline glutamate levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, there were significant negative correlations between baseline prefrontal glutamate levels and regional [18F]FDG SUVs in mGluR5 KO mice (p < 0.05), but no such correlations in WT mice. Fisher’s Z-transformation analysis revealed significant between-group differences in these correlations (p < 0.05). Conclusions This is the first multimodal neuroimaging study in mGluR5 KO mice and the first report on the association between cerebral glucose metabolism and glutamate levels in living rodents. The results indicate that mGluR5 KO mice respond to NMDA antagonism with reduced cerebral glucose metabolism, suggesting that mGluR5 transmission normally moderates the net effects of NMDA receptor antagonism on neuronal activity. The negative correlation between glutamate levels and glucose metabolism in mGluR5 KO mice at baseline may suggest an unmasking of an inhibitory component of the glutamatergic regulation of neuronal energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Joo
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kwan Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Don Son
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hang-Keun Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Paul Cumming
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, 1198 Guwol-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 405-760, South Korea.
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5
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p38 MAPK in Glucose Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle: Beneficial or Harmful? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186480. [PMID: 32899870 PMCID: PMC7555282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles respond to environmental and physiological changes by varying their size, fiber type, and metabolic properties. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is one of several signaling pathways that drive the metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise. p38 MAPK also participates in the development of pathological traits resulting from excessive caloric intake and obesity that cause metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whereas p38 MAPK increases insulin-independent glucose uptake and oxidative metabolism in muscles during exercise, it contrastingly mediates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance during metabolic syndrome development. This article provides an overview of the apparent contradicting roles of p38 MAPK in the adaptation of skeletal muscles to exercise and to pathological conditions leading to glucose intolerance and T2D. Here, we focus on the involvement of p38 MAPK in glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle, and discuss the possibility of targeting this pathway to prevent the development of T2D.
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Facial synthesis of sulfinic esters via copper-catalyzed reaction of sulfonyl hydrazides with alcohols in air. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Gong F, Lu F, Zuo L, Wang Q, Li R, Hu J, Li Z, Takfaoui A, Lei A. Efficient electrosynthesis of sulfinic esters via oxidative cross‐coupling between alcohols and thiophenols. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Gong
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Fangling Lu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Lin Zuo
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Ru Li
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Abdelilah Takfaoui
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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8
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Facilitation of hippocampal long-term potentiation and reactivation of latent HIV-1 via AMPK activation: Common mechanism of action linking learning, memory, and the potential eradication of HIV-1. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:61-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Barnes T, Di Sebastiano KM, Vlavcheski F, Quadrilatero J, Tsiani EL, Mourtzakis M. Glutamate increases glucose uptake in L6 myotubes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner that is mediated by AMPK. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1307-1313. [PMID: 29847739 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Various in vivo studies have investigated the insulin response that is elicited when glutamate is elevated in circulation or in a given tissue; fewer studies have investigated the effects of glutamate on glucose uptake and handling. Glutamate ingestion in humans can attenuate rises in blood glucose following a carbohydrate load in the absence of increases in serum insulin concentrations. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be investigated. To elucidate the effects of glutamate on glucose handling in skeletal muscle tissue, differentiated rat L6 myocytes were treated with glutamate, and glucose uptake was assessed with the use of 2-[3H]-deoxy-d-glucose ([3H]-2-DG). Cells treated with 2 mmol/L glutamate experienced the greatest increase in [3H]-2-DG uptake relative to the control condition (177% ± 2% of control, P < 0.001) and the uptake was similar to that of metformin (184% ± 4%, P < 0.001). In line with these findings, differentiated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)-overexpressing myotubes treated with 2 mmol/L glutamate displayed significantly increased GLUT4 translocation when compared with the control condition (159% ± 8% of control, P < 0.001) and to an extent similar to that of insulin and metformin (181% ± 7% and 159% ± 12%, respectively). An AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor (Compound C) abolished the glutamate-stimulated glucose uptake (98% ± 12% of control), and Western blotting revealed significantly elevated AMPK phosphorylation (278% ± 17% of control, P < 0.001) by glutamate. Our findings suggest that when muscle cells are exposed to increased glutamate concentrations, glucose uptake into these cells is augmented through AMPK activation, through mechanisms distinct from those of insulin and leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Barnes
- a Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Katie M Di Sebastiano
- a Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Filip Vlavcheski
- b Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- a Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Marina Mourtzakis
- a Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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McCully KS. Homocysteine, Infections, Polyamines, Oxidative Metabolism, and the Pathogenesis of Dementia and Atherosclerosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:1283-1290. [PMID: 27567876 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and low blood levels of folate and cobalamin are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and AD. In elderly subjects with cognitive decline, supplementation with folate, cobalamin, and pyridoxal demonstrated reduction of cerebral atrophy in gray matter regions vulnerable to the AD process. Multiple pathogenic microbes are implicated as pathogenic factors in AD and atherosclerosis, and the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), phosphorylation of tau protein, neuronal injury, and apoptosis in AD are secondary to microbial infection. Glucose utilization and blood flow are reduced in AD, and these changes are accompanied by downregulation of glucose transport, Na, K-ATPase, oxidative phosphorylation, and energy consumption. Thioretinaco ozonide, the complex formed from thioretinamide, cobalamin, ozone, and oxygen is proposed to constitute the active site of oxidative phosphorylation, catalyzing synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and phosphate. Pathogenic microbes cause synthesis of polyamines in host cells by increasing the transfer of aminopropyl groups from adenosyl methionine to putrescine, resulting in depletion of intracellular adenosyl methionine concentrations in host cells. Depletion of adenosyl methionine causes dysregulation of methionine metabolism, hyperhomocysteinemia, reduced biosynthesis of thioretinamide and thioretinaco ozonide, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, decreased production of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, and impaired host response to infectious microbes, contributing to the pathogenesis of dementia and atherosclerosis.
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McCully KS. Hyperhomocysteinemia, Suppressed Immunity, and Altered Oxidative Metabolism Caused by Pathogenic Microbes in Atherosclerosis and Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:324. [PMID: 29056905 PMCID: PMC5635055 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic microorganisms have been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques and in cerebral plaques in dementia. Hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and dementia, is caused by dysregulation of methionine metabolism secondary to deficiency of the allosteric regulator, adenosyl methionine. Deficiency of adenosyl methionine results from increased polyamine biosynthesis by infected host cells, causing increased activity of ornithine decarboxylase, decreased nitric oxide and peroxynitrate formation and impaired immune reactions. The down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation that is observed in aging and dementia is attributed to deficiency of thioretinaco ozonide oxygen complexed with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and phosphate, which catalyzes oxidative phosphorylation. Adenosyl methionine biosynthesis is dependent upon thioretinaco ozonide and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the deficiency of adenosyl methionine and impaired immune function in aging are attributed to depletion of thioretinaco ozonide from mitochondrial membranes. Allyl sulfides and furanonaphthoquinones protect against oxidative stress and apoptosis by increasing the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide and by inhibiting electron transfer to the active site of oxidative phosphorylation. Diallyl trisulfide and napabucasin inhibit the signaling by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), potentially enhancing immune function by effects on T helper lymphocytes and promotion of apoptosis. Homocysteine promotes endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis by the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress through activation of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, causing oxidative stress, calcium influx, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction. The prevention of atherosclerosis and dementia may be accomplished by a proposed nutritional metabolic homocysteine-lowering protocol which enhances immunity and corrects the altered oxidative metabolism in atherosclerosis and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilmer S. McCully
- Pathology, VA Boston Healthcare System (VHA), Boston, MA, United States
- Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Xu JJ, Xu F, Shen SJ, Li T, Zhang YF, Shang MY, Li YL, Liu GX, Wang X, Cai SQ. Holistic and dynamic metabolic alterations of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in a toxic heat and blood stasis syndrome rat model. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes of the metabolic network during the evolution of a syndrome based on the toxic heat and blood stasis syndrome (THBSS) rat model have been elucidated for the first time.
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13
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A systems study reveals concurrent activation of AMPK and mTOR by amino acids. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13254. [PMID: 27869123 PMCID: PMC5121333 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids (aa) are not only building blocks for proteins, but also signalling molecules, with the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) acting as a key mediator. However, little is known about whether aa, independently of mTORC1, activate other kinases of the mTOR signalling network. To delineate aa-stimulated mTOR network dynamics, we here combine a computational–experimental approach with text mining-enhanced quantitative proteomics. We report that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) are acutely activated by aa-readdition in an mTORC1-independent manner. AMPK activation by aa is mediated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ). In response, AMPK impinges on the autophagy regulators Unc-51-like kinase-1 (ULK1) and c-Jun. AMPK is widely recognized as an mTORC1 antagonist that is activated by starvation. We find that aa acutely activate AMPK concurrently with mTOR. We show that AMPK under aa sufficiency acts to sustain autophagy. This may be required to maintain protein homoeostasis and deliver metabolite intermediates for biosynthetic processes. mTORC1 is known to mediate the signalling activity of amino acids. Here, the authors combine modelling with experiments and find that amino acids acutely stimulate mTORC2, IRS/PI3K and AMPK, independently of mTORC1. AMPK activation through CaMKKβ sustains autophagy under non-starvation conditions.
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Lee JO, Kim N, Lee HJ, Moon JW, Lee SK, Kim SJ, Kim JK, Park SH, Kim HS. [6]-Gingerol Affects Glucose Metabolism by Dual Regulation via the AMPKα2-Mediated AS160-Rab5 Pathway and AMPK-Mediated Insulin Sensitizing Effects. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1401-10. [PMID: 25694332 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
[6]-Gingerol has been used to control diabetes and dyslipidemia; however, its metabolic role is poorly understood. In this study, [6]-gingerol increased adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 cells. Stimulation of glucose uptake by [6]-gingerol was dependent on AMPKα2. Moreover, both Inhibition and knockdown of AMPKα2 blocked [6]-gingerol-induced glucose uptake. [6]-Gingerol significantly decreased the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Inhibition of PP2A activity with okadaic acid enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPKα2. Moreover, the interaction between AMPKα2 and PP2A was increased by [6]-gingerol, suggesting that PP2A mediates the effect of [6]-gingerol on AMPK phosphorylation. In addition, [6]-gingerol increased the phosphorylation of Akt-substrate 160 (AS160), which is a Rab GTPase-activating protein. Inhibition of AMPKα2 blocked [6]-gingerol-induced AS160 phosphorylation. [6]-gingerol increased the Rab5, and AMPKα2 knockdown blocked [6]-gingerol-induced expression of Rab5, indicating AMPK play as an upstream of Rab5. It also increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) mRNA and protein expression and stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Furthermore, insulin-mediated glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation were further potentiated by [6]-gingerol treatment. This potentiation was not observed in the presence of AMPK inhibitor compound C. In summary, our results suggest that [6]-gingerol plays an important role in glucose metabolism via the AMPKα2-mediated AS160-Rab5 pathway and through potentiation of insulin-mediated glucose regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nami Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Wook Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Kwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Singh AK, Joharapurkar AA, Khan MP, Mishra JS, Singh N, Yadav M, Hossain Z, Khan K, Kumar S, Dhanesha NA, Mishra DP, Maurya R, Sharma S, Jain MR, Trivedi AK, Godbole MM, Gayen JR, Chattopadhyay N, Sanyal S. Orally active osteoanabolic agent GTDF binds to adiponectin receptors, with a preference for AdipoR1, induces adiponectin-associated signaling, and improves metabolic health in a rodent model of diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:3530-44. [PMID: 24848063 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that signals through plasma membrane-bound adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and -2). Plasma adiponectin depletion is associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Adiponectin therapy, however, is yet unavailable owing to its large size, complex multimerization, and functional differences of the multimers. We report discovery and characterization of 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol (GTDF) as an orally active adiponectin mimetic. GTDF interacted with both AdipoRs, with a preference for AdipoR1. It induced adiponectin-associated signaling and enhanced glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in vitro, which were augmented or abolished by AdipoR1 overexpression or silencing, respectively. GTDF improved metabolic health, characterized by elevated glucose clearance, β-cell survival, reduced steatohepatitis, browning of white adipose tissue, and improved lipid profile in an AdipoR1-expressing but not an AdipoR1-depleted strain of diabetic mice. The discovery of GTDF as an adiponectin mimetic provides a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mohd Parvez Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Sharan Mishra
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Division of Phramacokinetics, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kainat Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Division of Toxicology, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madan Madhav Godbole
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nitric oxide enhances increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) and promotes nicotine-triggered MAPK pathway in PC12 cells. Nitric Oxide 2013; 34:3-9. [PMID: 23624270 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), and protein kinase C (PKC) in nicotine-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Treatment with nicotine stimulated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the PC12 cells expressing nNOS (NPC12 cells) as compared with that in control PC12 cells. An inhibitor of L-type voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channel suppressed the nicotine-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. The inhibition of CaMK-kinase, the upstream activator of CaMKI and CaMKIV, did not inhibit the enhanced their phosphorylation. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was attenuated by inhibitors of p38 MAPK, PKC, and MAPK-kinase 1/2, indicating the involvement of these protein kinases upstream of ERK1/2. Furthermore, we found that nNOS expression enhances the nicotine-induced increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca(2+), using the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent probe Fura2. These data suggest that NO promotes nicotine-triggered Ca(2+) transient in PC12 cells to activate possibly CaMKII, leading to sequential phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2.
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Ouro A, Arana L, Gangoiti P, Rivera IG, Ordoñez M, Trueba M, Lankalapalli RS, Bittman R, Gomez-Muñoz A. Ceramide 1-phosphate stimulates glucose uptake in macrophages. Cell Signal 2013; 25:786-95. [PMID: 23333242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) is mitogenic and antiapoptotic, and that it is implicated in the regulation of macrophage migration. These activities require high energy levels to be available in cells. Macrophages obtain most of their energy from glucose. In this work, we demonstrate that C1P enhances glucose uptake in RAW264.7 macrophages. The major glucose transporter involved in this action was found to be GLUT 3, as determined by measuring its translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. C1P-stimulated glucose uptake was blocked by selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), and by specific siRNAs to silence the genes encoding for these kinases. C1P-stimulated glucose uptake was also inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX) and by the siRNA that inhibited GLUT 3 expression. C1P increased the affinity of the glucose transporter for its substrate, and enhanced glucose metabolism to produce ATP. The latter action was also inhibited by PI3K- and Akt-selective inhibitors, PTX, or by specific siRNAs to inhibit GLUT 3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ouro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Hirabara SM, Folador A, Fiamoncini J, Lambertucci RH, Rodrigues CF, Rocha MS, Aikawa J, Yamazaki RK, Martins AR, Rodrigues AC, Carpinelli AR, Pithon-Curi TC, Fernandes LC, Gorjão R, Curi R. Fish oil supplementation for two generations increases insulin sensitivity in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:1136-45. [PMID: 23246156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of fish oil supplementation for two consecutive generations on insulin sensitivity in rats. After the nursing period (21 days), female rats from the same prole were divided into two groups: (a) control group and (b) fish oil group. Female rats were supplemented with water (control) or fish oil at 1 g/kg body weight as a single bolus for 3 months. After this period, female rats were mated with male Wistar rats fed on a balanced chow diet (not supplemented). Female rats continued to receive supplementation throughout gestation and lactation periods. The same treatment was performed for the next two generations (G1 and G2). At 75 days of age, male offspring from G1 and G2 generations from both groups were used in the experiments. G1 rats did not present any difference with control rats. However, G2 rats presented reduction in glycemia and lipidemia and improvement in in vivo insulin sensitivity (model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin tolerance test) as well as in vitro insulin sensitivity in soleus muscle (glucose uptake and metabolism). This effect was associated with increased insulin-stimulated p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and lower n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, but not with activation of proteins from insulin signaling (IR, IRS-1 and Akt). Global DNA methylation was decreased in liver but not in soleus muscle. These results suggest that long-term fish oil supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in association with increased insulin-stimulated p38 activation and decreased n-6:n-3 ratio in skeletal muscle and decreased global DNA methylation in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro M Hirabara
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sport, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Arsikin K, Kravic-Stevovic T, Jovanovic M, Ristic B, Tovilovic G, Zogovic N, Bumbasirevic V, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. Autophagy-dependent and -independent involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1826-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dong M, Gong ZC, Dai XP, Lei GH, Lu HB, Fan L, Qu J, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. Serine racemase rs391300 G/A polymorphism influences the therapeutic efficacy of metformin in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 38:824-9. [PMID: 21933224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the serine racemase (SRR) rs391300 G/A polymorphism with the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and to assess the impacts of the polymorphism on the therapeutic efficacy of metformin in Chinese patients. 2. A case-control study of 402 patients with T2DM and 171 healthy controls was conducted. The SRR rs391300 polymorphism was genotyped in all participants using the ABI 3700 automated sequencer. Forty-four recent-onset T2DM patients with different rs391300 genotypes were selected to receive 500 mg metformin orally daily for 12 consecutive weeks as monotherapy. Serum fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting serum insulin (FINS), postprandial serum insulin (PINS), triglycerol (TG), cholesterol (CHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) were determined before and after metformin treatment. 3. The distribution frequencies of rs391300 were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). After treatment with metformin, the values of BMI, FPG, PPG, PINS, HbA1c, CHO, and TG decreased significantly (P < 0.01), whereas FINS increased (P < 0.001), in patients with T2DM. Patients with the GA or AA genotype of rs391300 showed better improvements in the levels of FPG, PPG, and CHO (P < 0.05) than individuals with the GG genotype. 4. The SRR rs391300 polymorphism was associated with the therapeutic efficacy of metformin in Chinese patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Montserrat N, Capilla E, Navarro I, Gutiérrez J. Metabolic Effects of Insulin and IGFs on Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Muscle Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:55. [PMID: 22654873 PMCID: PMC3356123 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cultures of gilthead sea bream myocytes were performed in order to examine the relative metabolic function of insulin compared with IGF-I and IGF-II (insulin-like growth factors, IGFs) at different stages in the cell culture. In these cells, the in vitro effects of insulin and IGFs on 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and l-alanine uptake were studied in both myocytes (day 4) and small myotubes (day 9). 2-DG uptake in gilthead sea bream muscle cells was increased in the presence of insulin and IGFs in a time dependent manner and along with muscle cell differentiation. On the contrary, l-alanine uptake was also stimulated by insulin and IGFs but showed an inverse pattern, being the uptake higher in small myocytes than in large myotubes. The results of preincubation with inhibitors (PD-98059, wortmannin, and cytochalasin B) on 2-DG uptake indicated that insulin and IGFs stimulate glucose uptake through the same mechanisms, and evidenced that mitogenesis activator protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt transduction pathways mediate the metabolic function of these peptides. In the same way, we observed that GLUT4 protein synthesis was stimulated in the presence of insulin and IGFs in gilthead sea bream muscle cells in a different manner at days 4 or 9 of the culture. In summary we describe here, for the first time, the effects of insulin and IGFs on 2-DG and l-alanine uptake in primary culture of gilthead sea bream muscle cells. We show that both MAPK and PI3K-Akt transduction pathways are needed in order to control insulin and IGFs actions in these cells. Moreover, changes in glucose uptake can be explained by the action of the GLUT4 transporter, which is stimulated in the presence of insulin and IGFs throughout the cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Montserrat
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Joaquim Gutiérrez, Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. e-mail:
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Sun C, Li F, Meng Q. WITHDRAWN: Activation of p38 MAPK attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress by up-regulating XBP1s. Cell Signal 2011:S0898-6568(11)00201-4. [PMID: 21767637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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