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Lan BH, Becker M, Freund C. The mode of action of tapasin on major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102987. [PMID: 36758805 PMCID: PMC10040737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tapasin (Tsn) plays a critical role in antigen processing and presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. The mechanism of Tsn-mediated peptide loading and exchange hinges on the conformational dynamics governing the interaction of Tsn and MHC-I with recent structural and functional studies pinpointing the critical sites of direct or allosteric regulation. In this review, we highlight these recent findings and relate them to the extensive molecular and cellular data that are available for these evolutionary interdependent proteins. Furthermore, allotypic differences of MHC-I with regard to the editing and chaperoning function of Tsn are reviewed and related to the mechanistic observations. Finally, evolutionary aspects of the mode of action of Tsn will be discussed, a short comparison with the Tsn-related molecule TAPBPR (Tsn-related protein) will be given, and the impact of Tsn on noncanonical MHC-I molecules will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- By Huan Lan
- Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Becker
- Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Bjørnestad SA, Solbakken MH, Jakobsen KS, Jentoft S, Bakke O, Progida C. Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) MHC I localizes to endolysosomal compartments independently of cytosolic sorting signals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1050323. [PMID: 36760361 PMCID: PMC9905690 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II are crucial for the adaptive immune system because they are involved in peptide presentation to T cells. Until recently, it was believed that MHC genes and their associated immune components had been conserved since their evolutionary emergence in jawed fish. However, sequencing of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) genome revealed a loss of MHC class II genes, and an extreme expansion of MHC class I genes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that a loss of the MHC class II pathway coincided with a more versatile use of MHC class I, but so far there is no direct experimental evidence in support of this. To gain a deeper understanding of the function of the expanded MHC class I, we selected five MHC class I gene variants representing five of the six clades identified in previous studies and investigated their intracellular localization in human and Atlantic cod larval cells. Intriguingly, we uncovered that all selected MHC class I variants localize to endolysosomal compartments in Atlantic cod cells. Additionally, by introducing point mutations or deletions in the cytosolic tail, we found that hypothetical sorting signals in the MHC class I cytosolic tail do not influence MHC class I trafficking. Moreover, we demonstrated that in Atlantic cod, tapasin and MHC class I colocalize on endolysosomes suggesting that peptide-loading assistance and stabilization of MHC class I occurs outside the endoplasmic reticulum. Altogether, our results demonstrate that MHC class I from Atlantic cod is sorted to the endolysosomal system, which may indicate that it interacts with exogenous peptides for potential cross presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synne Arstad Bjørnestad
- Section of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Hongrø Solbakken
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetill S. Jakobsen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Jentoft
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddmund Bakke
- Section of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cinzia Progida
- Section of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Cinzia Progida,
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Lan H, Abualrous ET, Sticht J, Fernandez LMA, Werk T, Weise C, Ballaschk M, Schmieder P, Loll B, Freund C. Exchange catalysis by tapasin exploits conserved and allele-specific features of MHC-I molecules. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4236. [PMID: 34244493 PMCID: PMC8271027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The repertoire of peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on the cell surface is tailored by the ER-resident peptide loading complex (PLC), which contains the exchange catalyst tapasin. Tapasin stabilizes MHC-I molecules and promotes the formation of stable peptide-MHC-I (pMHC-I) complexes that serve as T cell antigens. Exchange of suboptimal by high-affinity ligands is catalyzed by tapasin, but the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Here we analyze the tapasin-induced changes in MHC-I dynamics, and find the catalyst to exploit two essential features of MHC-I. First, tapasin recognizes a conserved allosteric site underneath the α2-1-helix of MHC-I, ‘loosening’ the MHC-I F-pocket region that accomodates the C-terminus of the peptide. Second, the scoop loop11–20 of tapasin relies on residue L18 to target the MHC-I F-pocket, enabling peptide exchange. Meanwhile, tapasin residue K16 plays an accessory role in catalysis of MHC-I allotypes bearing an acidic F-pocket. Thus, our results provide an explanation for the observed allele-specificity of catalyzed peptide exchange. Tapasin is part of the peptide loading complex necessary for presenting antigenic peptides on MHC-I for the induction of adaptive immunity. Here the authors show that tapasin interacts with MHC-I in both conserved and allele-specific regions to promote antigen presentation, with tapasin L18 and K16 residues both implicated in this molecular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lan
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esam T Abualrous
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Artificial Intelligence for the Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Maria Arroyo Fernandez
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamina Werk
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Ballaschk
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Thuring C, Follin E, Geironson L, Freyhult E, Junghans V, Harndahl M, Buus S, Paulsson KM. HLA class I is most tightly linked to levels of tapasin compared with other antigen-processing proteins in glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:952-62. [PMID: 26313662 PMCID: PMC4578088 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumour cells can evade the immune system by dysregulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA-I). Low quantity and/or altered quality of HLA-I cell surface expression is the result of either HLA-I alterations or dysregulations of proteins of the antigen-processing machinery (APM). Tapasin is an APM protein dedicated to the maturation of HLA-I and dysregulation of tapasin has been linked to higher malignancy in several different tumours. Methods: We studied the expression of APM components and HLA-I, as well as HLA-I tapasin-dependency profiles in glioblastoma tissues and corresponding cell lines. Results: Tapasin displayed the strongest correlation to HLA-I heavy chain but also clustered with β2-microglobulin, transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and LMP. Moreover, tapasin also correlated to survival of glioblastoma patients. Some APM components, for example, TAP1/TAP2 and LMP2/LMP7, showed variable but coordinated expression, whereas ERAP1/ERAP2 displayed an imbalanced expression pattern. Furthermore, analysis of HLA-I profiles revealed variable tapasin dependence of HLA-I allomorphs in glioblastoma patients. Conclusions: Expression of APM proteins is highly variable between glioblastomas. Tapasin stands out as the APM component strongest correlated to HLA-I expression and we proved that HLA-I profiles in glioblastoma patients include tapasin-dependent allomorphs. The level of tapasin was also correlated with patient survival time. Our results support the need for individualisation of immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Thuring
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elna Follin
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Geironson
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Science for Life Laboratory, Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Victoria Junghans
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Harndahl
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kajsa M Paulsson
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Antigen Translocation Machineries in Adaptive Immunity and Viral Immune Evasion. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1102-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Classical and non-classical MHC I molecule manipulation by human cytomegalovirus: so many targets—but how many arrows in the quiver? Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:139-53. [PMID: 25418469 PMCID: PMC4654289 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major mechanisms for the recognition of pathogens by immune cells have evolved to employ classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules. Classical MHC I molecules present antigenic peptide ligands on infected cells to CD8+ T cells, whereas a key function for non-classical MHC I molecules is to mediate inhibitory or activating stimuli in natural killer (NK) cells. The structural diversity of MHC I puts immense pressure on persisting viruses, including cytomegaloviruses. The very large coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus allows it to express a whole arsenal of immunoevasive factors assigned to individual MHC class I targets. This review summarizes achievements from more than two decades of intense research on how human cytomegalovirus manipulates MHC I molecules and escapes elimination by the immune system.
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Geironson L, Thuring C, Harndahl M, Rasmussen M, Buus S, Røder G, Paulsson KM. Tapasin facilitation of natural HLA-A and -B allomorphs is strongly influenced by peptide length, depends on stability, and separates closely related allomorphs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3939-47. [PMID: 23980206 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite an abundance of peptides inside a cell, only a small fraction is ultimately presented by HLA-I on the cell surface. The presented peptides have HLA-I allomorph-specific motifs and are restricted in length. So far, detailed length studies have been limited to few allomorphs. Peptide-HLA-I (pHLA-I) complexes of different allomorphs are qualitatively and quantitatively influenced by tapasin to different degrees, but again, its effect has only been investigated for a small number of HLA-I allomorphs. Although both peptide length and tapasin dependence are known to be important for HLA-I peptide presentation, the relationship between them has never been studied. In this study, we used random peptide libraries from 7- to 13-mers and studied binding in the presence and absence of a recombinant truncated form of tapasin. The data show that HLA-I allomorphs are differentially affected by tapasin, different lengths of peptides generated different amounts of pHLA-I complexes, and HLA-A allomorphs are generally less restricted than HLA-B allomorphs to peptides of the classical length of 8-10 aa. We also demonstrate that tapasin facilitation varies for different peptide lengths, and that the correlation between high degree of tapasin facilitation and low stability is valid for different random peptide mixes of specific lengths. In conclusion, these data show that tapasin has specificity for the combination of peptide length and HLA-I allomorph, and suggest that tapasin promotes formation of pHLA-I complexes with high on and off rates, an important intermediary step in the HLA-I maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Geironson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Immunology Section, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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The MHC I loading complex: a multitasking machinery in adaptive immunity. Trends Biochem Sci 2013; 38:412-20. [PMID: 23849087 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recognition and elimination of virally or malignantly transformed cells are pivotal tasks of the adaptive immune system. For efficient immune detection, snapshots of the cellular proteome are presented as epitopes on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules for recognition by cytotoxic T cells. Knowledge about the track from the equivocal protein to the presentation of antigenic peptides has greatly expanded, leading to an astonishingly elaborate understanding of the MHC I peptide loading pathway. Here, we summarize the current view on this complex process, which involves ABC transporters, proteases, chaperones, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control. The contribution of individual proteins and subcomplexes is discussed, with a focus on the architecture and dynamics of the key player in the pathway, the peptide-loading complex (PLC).
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Beutler N, Hauka S, Niepel A, Kowalewski DJ, Uhlmann J, Ghanem E, Erkelenz S, Wiek C, Hanenberg H, Schaal H, Stevanović S, Springer S, Momburg F, Hengel H, Halenius A. A natural tapasin isoform lacking exon 3 modifies peptide loading complex function. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1459-69. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Beutler
- Institute for Virology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - Sebastian Hauka
- Institute for Virology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - Alexandra Niepel
- Institute for Virology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | | | - Julia Uhlmann
- Institute for Virology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - Esther Ghanem
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Jacobs University Bremen; Bremen; Germany
| | - Steffen Erkelenz
- Institute for Virology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | | | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute for Virology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology; Institute for Cell Biology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen; Germany
| | - Sebastian Springer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Jacobs University Bremen; Bremen; Germany
| | - Frank Momburg
- Division of Translational Immunology (D015); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg; Germany
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Hulpke S, Baldauf C, Tampé R. Molecular architecture of the MHC I peptide-loading complex: one tapasin molecule is essential and sufficient for antigen processing. FASEB J 2012; 26:5071-80. [PMID: 22923333 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-217489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The loading of antigen-derived peptides onto MHC class I molecules for presentation to cytotoxic T cells is a key process in adaptive immune defense. Loading of MHC I is achieved by a sophisticated machinery, the peptide-loading complex (PLC), which is organized around the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) with the help of several auxiliary proteins. As an essential adapter protein recruiting MHC I molecules to TAP, tapasin catalyzes peptide loading of MHC I. However, the exact stoichiometry and basic molecular architecture of TAP and tapasin within the PLC remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that two tapasin molecules are assembled in the PLC, with one tapasin bound to each TAP subunit. However, one tapasin molecule bound either to TAP1 or TAP2 is sufficient for efficient MHC I antigen presentation. By specifically blocking the interaction between tapasin-MHC I complexes and the translocation complex TAP, the MHC I surface expression is impaired to the same extent as with soluble tapasin. Thus, the proximity of the peptide supplier TAP to the acceptor MHC I is crucial for antigen processing. In summary, the human PLC consists maximally of 2× tapasin-ERp57/MHC I per TAP complex, but one tapasin-ERp57/MHC I in the PLC is essential and sufficient for antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hulpke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt (CEF)-Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
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Lundegaard C, Lund O, Nielsen M. Predictions versus high-throughput experiments in T-cell epitope discovery: competition or synergy? Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:43-54. [PMID: 22149708 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prediction methods as well as experimental methods for T-cell epitope discovery have developed significantly in recent years. High-throughput experimental methods have made it possible to perform full-length protein scans for epitopes restricted to a limited number of MHC alleles. The high costs and limitations regarding the number of proteins and MHC alleles that are feasibly handled by such experimental methods have made in silico prediction models of high interest. MHC binding prediction methods are today of a very high quality and can predict MHC binding peptides with high accuracy. This is possible for a large range of MHC alleles and relevant length of binding peptides. The predictions can easily be performed for complete proteomes of any size. Prediction methods are still, however, dependent on good experimental methods for validation, and should merely be used as a guide for rational epitope discovery. We expect prediction methods as well as experimental validation methods to continue to develop and that we will soon see clinical trials of products whose development has been guided by prediction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Lundegaard
- Technical University of Denmark-DTU, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Kemitorvet 208, DK 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Geironson L, Røder G, Paulsson K. Stability of peptide-HLA-I complexes and tapasin folding facilitation - tools to define immunogenic peptides. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1336-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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