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Gelbenegger G, Buchtele N, Schoergenhofer C, Grafeneder J, Schwameis M, Schellongowski P, Denk W, Jilma B. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Anaphylaxis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:569-579. [PMID: 38029783 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that involves severe cutaneous, respiratory, and cardiovascular symptoms. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired, widespread activation of coagulation that can be caused by infectious conditions (e.g., sepsis) and noninfectious conditions. The onset of DIC following anaphylaxis is not commonly known, and information regarding the pathomechanism linking anaphylaxis to DIC is scarce. Further, demographic and clinical data in anaphylaxis-induced DIC are still missing to this day. Triggered by a case of anaphylaxis-induced DIC that seamlessly transitioned to lethal sepsis-induced DIC, we aimed to characterize the patient population affected by anaphylaxis-induced DIC by performing a review of existing literature and expand the discussion to underlying mechanisms. The overall mortality of the patient cohort (n = 30) identified by the literature review was 50%. All patients that died either suffered a bleeding event or a thrombotic event. The majority of patients (n = 25/30; 83%) had bleeding events; thrombotic events were only reported in nonsurvivors (n = 9/15 or 60% of nonsurvivors; vs. n = 0/15 in survivors; p < 0.001). Nonsurvivors of anaphylaxis-induced DIC were on average 25 years older than survivors (p = 0.068). In conclusion, DIC can complicate anaphylaxis and is expected to contribute to poor microvascular perfusion after anaphylaxis. Particularly, elderly patients with known cardiovascular disease and patients who develop thrombotic events are susceptible to lethal outcomes. As a rare and largely uncharacterized disease entity, further research is needed to investigate the link between DIC and anaphylaxis and to potentially identify better treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gelbenegger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Buchtele
- Department of Medicine I, Intensive Care Unit 13i2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jürgen Grafeneder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schwameis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Schellongowski
- Department of Medicine I, Intensive Care Unit 13i2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Denk
- Austrian Society of Forensic Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Budnevsky AV, Avdeev SN, Kosanovic D, Ovsyannikov ES, Savushkina IA, Alekseeva NG, Feigelman SN, Shishkina VV, Filin AA, Esaulenko DI, Perveeva IM. Involvement of Mast Cells in the Pathology of COVID-19: Clinical and Laboratory Parallels. Cells 2024; 13:711. [PMID: 38667325 PMCID: PMC11049608 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested the potential role of mast cells (MCs) in the pathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the precise description of the MCs' activation and the engagement of their proteases is still missing. The objective of this study was to further reveal the importance of MCs and their proteases (chymase, tryptase, and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3)) in the development of lung damage in patients with COVID-19. This study included 55 patients who died from COVID-19 and 30 controls who died from external causes. A histological analysis of the lung parenchyma was carried out to assess the protease profiles and degranulation activity of MCs. In addition, we have analyzed the general blood test, coagulogram, and C-reactive protein. The content of tryptase-positive MCs (Try-MCs) in the lungs of patients with COVID-19 was higher than in controls, but their degranulation activity was lower. The indicators of chymase-positive MCs (Chy-MCs) were significantly lower than in the controls, while the content of CPA3-positive MCs (CPA3-MCs) and their degranulation activity were higher in patients with COVID-19. In addition, we have demonstrated the existence of correlations (positive/negative) between the content of Try-MCs, Chy-MCs, and CPA3-MCs at different states of their degranulation and presence (co-adjacent/single) and the levels of various immune cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes) and other important markers (blood hemoglobin, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), and fibrinogen). Thus, the identified patterns suggest the numerous and diverse mechanisms of the participation of MCs and their proteases in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and their impact on the inflammatory process and coagulation status. At the same time, the issue requires further study in larger cohorts of patients, which will open up the possibility of using drugs acting on this link of pathogenesis to treat lung damage in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Budnevsky
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Studencheskaya Street 10, 394622 Voronezh, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.S.O.); (N.G.A.); (S.N.F.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Sergey N. Avdeev
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Street 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Street 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgeniy S. Ovsyannikov
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Studencheskaya Street 10, 394622 Voronezh, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.S.O.); (N.G.A.); (S.N.F.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Inessa A. Savushkina
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Studencheskaya Street 10, 394622 Voronezh, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.S.O.); (N.G.A.); (S.N.F.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Nadezhda G. Alekseeva
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Studencheskaya Street 10, 394622 Voronezh, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.S.O.); (N.G.A.); (S.N.F.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Sofia N. Feigelman
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Studencheskaya Street 10, 394622 Voronezh, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.S.O.); (N.G.A.); (S.N.F.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.F.)
| | - Viktoria V. Shishkina
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Studencheskaya Street 10, 394622 Voronezh, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.S.O.); (N.G.A.); (S.N.F.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.F.)
- Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Moskovskiy Avenue, 185, 394066 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Andrey A. Filin
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Studencheskaya Street 10, 394622 Voronezh, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.S.O.); (N.G.A.); (S.N.F.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.F.)
- Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Moskovskiy Avenue, 185, 394066 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Dmitry I. Esaulenko
- Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N.N. Burdenko, Moskovskiy Avenue, 185, 394066 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Inna M. Perveeva
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moskovskiy Avenue, 151, 394066 Voronezh, Russia;
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3
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Kang X, Qian M, Liu M, Xu H, Xu B. Predictive Factors Associated with Chronic Neck Pain in Patients with Cervical Degenerative Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Pain Res 2023; 16:4229-4239. [PMID: 38107369 PMCID: PMC10723189 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s423144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the predictive factors of neck pain (NP) in patients with cervical degenerative disease by retrospectively analyzing their occupational and demographic characteristics and to provide a valuable reference for preventing and treating chronic NP. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the occupational and demographic data of patients with cervical degenerative disease who had undergone anterior cervical surgery between June 2021 and December 2022 at our center. The patients were divided into NP and no-NP groups based on whether they had chronic NP before surgery. Relevant occupational and demographic data from all patients were statistically analyzed, and all variables were made categorical. Forward stepwise logistic regression models were constructed for preoperative chronic neck pain to explore the possible risk factors associated with chronic neck pain. Results The differences in smoking, being an office worker, BMI, and disease types between NP and no-NP groups were statistically significant. In contrast, there were no statistically significant in age, sex, academic level, duration, and degeneration grade between the two groups. Moreover, further logistic regression analysis indicated that smoking, being an office worker, having an abnormal BMI, and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) were related to chronic neck pain. Conclusion The present study indicated that smoking, being an office worker, having an abnormal BMI, and CSR were predisposing risk factors for NP associated with cervical degenerative disease. Although intervertebral disc degeneration is the pathology basis of NP, the degeneration grade was not related to the occurrence of NP in our current study. Therefore, quitting smoking, avoiding sedentariness, and maintaining a normal BMI may prevent NP to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Medical University, Graduate School, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Qian
- Department of Refractive Surgery, Qinhuangdao Aier Ophthalmic Hospital, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Graduate School, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Tu J, Li W, Hansbro PM, Yan Q, Bai X, Donovan C, Kim RY, Galvao I, Das A, Yang C, Zou J, Diwan A. Smoking and tetramer tryptase accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration by inducing METTL14-mediated DIXDC1 m 6 modification. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2524-2542. [PMID: 37340635 PMCID: PMC10422004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cigarette smoking (CS) and low back pain (LBP) are common worldwide, their correlations and the mechanisms of action remain unclear. We have shown that excessive activation of mast cells (MCs) and their proteases play key roles in CS-associated diseases, like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), blood coagulation, and lung cancer. Previous studies have also shown that MCs and their proteases induce degenerative musculoskeletal disease. By using a custom-designed smoke-exposure mouse system, we demonstrated that CS results in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and release of MC-restricted tetramer tryptases (TTs) in the IVDs. TTs were found to regulate the expression of methyltransferase 14 (METTL14) at the epigenetic level by inducing N6-methyladenosine (m6A) deposition in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the transcript that encodes dishevelled-axin (DIX) domain-containing 1 (DIXDC1). That reaction increases the mRNA stability and expression of Dixdc1. DIXDC1 functionally interacts with disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) to accelerate the degeneration and senescence of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells by activating a canonical Wnt pathway. Our study demonstrates the association between CS, MC-derived TTs, and LBP. These findings raise the possibility that METTL14-medicated DIXDC1 m6A modification could serve as a potential therapeutic target to block the development of degeneration of the NP in LBP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tu
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wentian Li
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xupeng Bai
- Center for Innovation and Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Izabela Galvao
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Abhirup Das
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ashish Diwan
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Spine Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Papadimitriou TI, van Caam A, van der Kraan PM, Thurlings RM. Therapeutic Options for Systemic Sclerosis: Current and Future Perspectives in Tackling Immune-Mediated Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020316. [PMID: 35203525 PMCID: PMC8869277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe auto-immune, rheumatic disease, characterized by excessive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. SSc is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates, and unfortunately, few disease-modifying therapies are currently available. Inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis are the key hallmarks of SSc pathology. In this narrative review, we examine the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis and provide an overview of the efficacy of current and novel treatment options in diminishing SSc-related fibrosis based on selected clinical trials. To do this, we first discuss inflammatory pathways of both the innate and acquired immune systems that are associated with SSc pathophysiology. Secondly, we review evidence supporting the use of first-line therapies in SSc patients. In addition, T cell-, B cell-, and cytokine-specific treatments that have been utilized in SSc are explored. Finally, the potential effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other novel therapeutic approaches in reducing fibrosis is highlighted.
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6
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Seidel H, Hertfelder HJ, Oldenburg J, Kruppenbacher JP, Afrin LB, Molderings GJ. Effects of Primary Mast Cell Disease on Hemostasis and Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168960. [PMID: 34445665 PMCID: PMC8396658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell disease is an epigenetically and genetically determined disease entity with very diverse clinical manifestations in potentially every system and tissue due to inap pro priate release of variable subsets of mast cell mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically normal or altered mast cells. Easy bruising, excessive bleeding, and aberrancies of erythropoiesis can frequently be observed in patients with mast cell disease. A thorough history, including a family history, will guide the appropriate work-up, and laboratory evaluations may provide clues to diagnosis. In recent years, our understanding of the involvement of coagulation and anticoagulant pathways, the fibrinolytic system, and erythropoiesis in the pathophysiology of mast cell disease has increased considerably. This review summarizes current knowledge of the impact of the disturbed hemostatic and erythropoietic balance in patients with mast cell disease and describes options of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Seidel
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Transfusion Medicine (CBT), Am Propsthof 3, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.S.); (H.-J.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Hans-Jörg Hertfelder
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Transfusion Medicine (CBT), Am Propsthof 3, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.S.); (H.-J.H.); (J.P.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Johannes P. Kruppenbacher
- Center for Bleeding Disorders and Transfusion Medicine (CBT), Am Propsthof 3, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (H.S.); (H.-J.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Lawrence B. Afrin
- Department of Mast Cell Studies, AIM Center for Personalized Medicine, 3010 Westchester Ave Suite 404, Purchase, NY 10577, USA;
| | - Gerhard J. Molderings
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-287-51000
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7
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Chatzidimitriou C, Pappa V, Lakiotaki E, Plata E, Lafioniatis S, Angelopoulou MK, Konstantopoulos K, Korkolopoulou P, Vassilakopoulos TP. Pancytopenia, eosinophilia and coagulation disorders in a patient with T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia in prolonged remission. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:632-637. [PMID: 33639008 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysovalantou Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Hematology Unit National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon General Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Eleftheria Lakiotaki
- First Department of Pathology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Eleni Plata
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital Athens Greece
| | | | - Maria K. Angelopoulou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Kostas Konstantopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital Athens Greece
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Ni R, Neves MAD, Wu C, Cerroni SE, Flick MJ, Ni H, Weitz JI, Gross PL, Kim PY. Activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa) attenuates fibrin-dependent plasmin generation on thrombin-activated platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2364-2376. [PMID: 32506822 PMCID: PMC7719609 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombin-activated platelets can promote fibrinolysis by binding plasminogen in a fibrinogen-dependent manner and enhancing its activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Whether t-PA also binds to activated platelets and the mechanism for regulation of platelet-dependent fibrinolysis remain unknown. OBJECTIVES Determine the mechanism of plasminogen and t-PA binding on thrombin-activated platelets and its regulation by activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa). METHODS Plasminogen and t-PA binding with or without TAFIa treatment was quantified using flow cytometry. Plasmin generation on platelets was quantified using a plasmin-specific substrate. Mass spectrometry analyses identified fibrinogen as a potential target of TAFIa. Thrombus formation was studied in mice lacking fibrinogen (Fg-/- ) using intravital microscopy. RESULTS Plasminogen and t-PA bind to platelets activated by thrombin but not by other agonists, including protease-activated receptor agonists (PAR-AP). Plasminogen binds via its kringle domains because ε-aminocaproic acid eliminates binding, whereas t-PA binds via its finger and kringle domains. Plasminogen binding is fibrinogen-dependent because it is abolished on (a) Fg-/- platelets, and (b) thrombi in Fg-/- mice. Binding requires thrombin-mediated fibrinogen modification because addition of batroxobin to PAR-AP activated platelets has no effect on plasminogen binding but induces t-PA binding. TAFIa reduces plasminogen and t-PA binding to thrombin-activated platelets and attenuates plasmin generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Mass spectrometry identified K556 on the fibrinogen alpha-chain as a potential thrombin cleavage site that generates a TAFIa sensitive C-terminal lysine residue. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into how platelets activated by thrombin at sites of vascular injury can influence fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ni
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Miguel A. D. Neves
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Matthew J. Flick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey I. Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter L. Gross
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Y. Kim
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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9
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Jakubovic BD, Jagdis A, Trinkaus M, Lang A, Chang A, Rastin T, Castells M, Betschel S. Recurrent neurologic symptoms complicating venom immunotherapy in a patient with systemic mastocytosis and severe Hymenoptera allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:780-782. [PMID: 31415904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baruch D Jakubovic
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Amanda Jagdis
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martina Trinkaus
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Lang
- Edmund J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Chang
- Edmund J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tara Rastin
- Edmund J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mariana Castells
- Mastocytosis Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Stephen Betschel
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Pejler G. The emerging role of mast cell proteases in asthma. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00685-2019. [PMID: 31371445 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00685-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that mast cells (MCs) play a crucial role in asthma. This is supported by multiple lines of evidence, including both clinical studies and studies on MC-deficient mice. However, there is still only limited knowledge of the exact effector mechanism(s) by which MCs influence asthma pathology. MCs contain large amounts of secretory granules, which are filled with a variety of bioactive compounds including histamine, cytokines, lysosomal hydrolases, serglycin proteoglycans and a number of MC-restricted proteases. When MCs are activated, e.g. in response to IgE receptor cross-linking, the contents of their granules are released to the exterior and can cause a massive inflammatory reaction. The MC-restricted proteases include tryptases, chymases and carboxypeptidase A3, and these are expressed and stored at remarkably high levels. There is now emerging evidence supporting a prominent role of these enzymes in the pathology of asthma. Interestingly, however, the role of the MC-restricted proteases is multifaceted, encompassing both protective and detrimental activities. Here, the current knowledge of how the MC-restricted proteases impact on asthma is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Pejler
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .,Dept of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Rathore AP, Mantri CK, Aman SA, Syenina A, Ooi J, Jagaraj CJ, Goh CC, Tissera H, Wilder-Smith A, Ng LG, Gubler DJ, St John AL. Dengue virus-elicited tryptase induces endothelial permeability and shock. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4180-4193. [PMID: 31265436 DOI: 10.1172/jci128426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes a characteristic pathology in humans involving dysregulation of the vascular system. In some patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), vascular pathology can become severe, resulting in extensive microvascular permeability and plasma leakage into tissues and organs. Mast cells (MCs), which line blood vessels and regulate vascular function, are able to detect DENV in vivo and promote vascular leakage. Here, we identified that a MC-derived protease, tryptase, is consequential for promoting vascular permeability during DENV infection, through inducing breakdown of endothelial cell tight junctions. Injected tryptase alone was sufficient to induce plasma loss from the circulation and hypovolemic shock in animals. A potent tryptase inhibitor, nafamostat mesylate, blocked DENV-induced vascular leakage in vivo. Importantly, in two independent human dengue cohorts, tryptase levels correlated with the grade of DHF severity. This study defines an immune mechanism by which DENV can induce vascular pathology and shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Ps Rathore
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chinmay Kumar Mantri
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Ab Aman
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ayesa Syenina
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyril J Jagaraj
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chi Ching Goh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hasitha Tissera
- Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health and National Dengue Control Unit, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duane J Gubler
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashley L St John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Otani IM, Carroll RW, Yager P, Kroshinsky D, Murphy S, Hornick JL, Akin C, Castells M, Walter JE. Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis with novel somatic KIT mutation K509I and association with tuberous sclerosis. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1834-1840. [PMID: 30214774 PMCID: PMC6132108 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (DCM) is a rare but potentially fatal condition when diagnosis and targeted treatments are delayed. This case illustrates the life-threatening complications in DCM and reviews the currently available treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mastocytosis with somatic K509I mutation and concomitant tuberous sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris M. Otani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep MedicineUCSF Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Ryan W. Carroll
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care MedicineDepartment of PediatricsMassGeneral Hospital for ChildrenBostonMAUSA
| | - Phoebe Yager
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care MedicineDepartment of PediatricsMassGeneral Hospital for ChildrenBostonMAUSA
| | - Daniela Kroshinsky
- Department of DermatologyMassachusetts General HospitalMassGeneral Hospital for ChildrenBostonMAUSA
| | - Sarah Murphy
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care MedicineDepartment of PediatricsMassGeneral Hospital for ChildrenBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Cem Akin
- Mastocytosis CenterBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and AllergyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Mariana Castells
- Mastocytosis CenterBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and AllergyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Jolan E. Walter
- Pediatric Allergy & ImmunologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
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13
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Butterfield JH, Ravi A, Pongdee T. Mast Cell Mediators of Significance in Clinical Practice in Mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2018; 38:397-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Jimenez-Rodriguez TW, Garcia-Neuer M, Alenazy LA, Castells M. Anaphylaxis in the 21st century: phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers. J Asthma Allergy 2018; 11:121-142. [PMID: 29950872 PMCID: PMC6016596 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s159411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is the most serious of all allergic reactions and can be fatal. The diagnosis is frequently delayed, and misdiagnosis often occurs with asthma or urticaria. Biomarkers such as tryptase are not routinely checked, and appropriate treatment with epinephrine is not administered in a majority of cases, increasing the risk of poor outcomes. The objective of this review is to provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis with a description of phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers available in both the clinical and research settings. Expanding knowledge with regard to the presentation, causes, and triggers for anaphylaxis among health care providers will improve its diagnosis and management, increase patient safety, and decrease morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodorikez Wilfox Jimenez-Rodriguez
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Allergy Section, Alicante General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
- PhD Program in Public Health, Medical and Surgical Sciences, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marlene Garcia-Neuer
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leila A Alenazy
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariana Castells
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Neuropeptides, Inflammation, and Diabetic Wound Healing: Lessons from Experimental Models and Human Subjects. CONTEMPORARY DIABETES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89869-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Joseph LB, Composto GM, Perez RM, Kim HD, Casillas RP, Heindel ND, Young SC, Lacey CJ, Saxena J, Guillon CD, Croutch CR, Laskin JD, Heck DE. Sulfur mustard induced mast cell degranulation in mouse skin is inhibited by a novel anti-inflammatory and anticholinergic bifunctional prodrug. Toxicol Lett 2017; 293:77-81. [PMID: 29127031 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM, bis(2-chloroethyl sulfide) is a potent vesicating agent known to cause skin inflammation, necrosis and blistering. Evidence suggests that inflammatory cells and mediators that they generate are important in the pathogenic responses to SM. In the present studies we investigated the role of mast cells in SM-induced skin injury using a murine vapor cup exposure model. Mast cells, identified by toluidine blue staining, were localized in the dermis, adjacent to dermal appendages and at the dermal/epidermal junction. In control mice, 48-61% of mast cells were degranulated. SM exposure (1.4g/m3 in air for 6min) resulted in increased numbers of degranulated mast cells 1-14days post-exposure. Treatment of mice topically with an indomethacin choline bioisostere containing prodrug linked by an aromatic ester-carbonate that targets cyclooxygenases (COX) enzymes and acetylcholinesterase (1% in an ointment) 1-14days after SM reduced skin inflammation and injury and enhanced tissue repair. This was associated with a decrease in mast cell degranulation from 90% to 49% 1-3days post SM, and from 84% to 44% 7-14days post SM. These data suggest that reduced inflammation and injury in response to the bifunctional indomethacin prodrug may be due, at least in part, to abrogating mast cell degranulation. The use of inhibitors of mast cell degranulation may be an effective strategy for mitigating skin injury induced by SM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong-Duck Kim
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaya Saxena
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Diane E Heck
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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17
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Akin C. Mast cell activation syndromes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:349-355. [PMID: 28780942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell activation is common and possibly necessary for maintenance of survival. Disordered mast cell activation occurs when mast cells are pathologically overproduced or if their activation is out of proportion to the perceived threat to homeostasis. Mast cell activation syndrome refers to a group of disorders with diverse causes presenting with episodic multisystem symptoms as the result of mast cell mediator release. Despite introduction of diagnostic criteria and some advances in treatment in the last decade, many areas of mast cell activation syndrome are in need of research. This article reviews our current knowledge about the various types of mast cell activation disorders, their treatment, and areas of uncertainty in need of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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18
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Castells M. Diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis in precision medicine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:321-333. [PMID: 28780940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is the most severe and frightening of the allergic reactions, placing patients at high risk and demanding prompt recognition and immediate management by health care providers. Yet because its symptoms imitate those of other diseases, such as asthma and urticaria, current data suggest that its diagnosis is often missed, with underuse of tryptase measurement; its treatment is delayed, with little use of epinephrine; and its underlying cause or causes are poorly investigated. Deaths from anaphylaxis are difficult to investigate because of miscoding. Surprisingly, patients treated with new and powerful chemotherapy agents and humanized mAbs present with nonclassical symptoms of anaphylaxis, and patients may present with unrecognized clonal mast cell disorders with KIT mutations may present as Hymenoptera-induced or idiopathic anaphylaxis. The goal of this review is to recognize the presentations of anaphylaxis with the description of its current phenotypes, to provide new insight and understanding of its mechanisms and causes through its endotypes, and to address its biomarkers for broad clinical use. Ultimately, the aim is to empower allergists and heath care providers with new tools that can help alleviate patients' symptoms, preventing and protecting them against anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Castells
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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19
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Prieto-García A, Pérez-David E, Devesa C, Tornero P, Schwartz LB, Pascual C, Castells MC. Fatal anaphylaxis caused by gadolinium due to beta-tryptase–induced hemorragic diathesis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Guilarte M, Sala-Cunill A, Luengo O, Labrador-Horrillo M, Cardona V. The Mast Cell, Contact, and Coagulation System Connection in Anaphylaxis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:846. [PMID: 28798744 PMCID: PMC5526842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of allergic reaction, resulting from the effect of mediators and chemotactic substances released by activated cells. Mast cells and basophils are considered key players in IgE-mediated human anaphylaxis. Beyond IgE-mediated activation of mast cells/basophils, further mechanisms are involved in the occurrence of anaphylaxis. New insights into the potential relevance of pathways other than mast cell and basophil degranulation have been unraveled, such as the activation of the contact and the coagulation systems. Mast cell heparin released upon activation provides negatively charged surfaces for factor XII (FXII) binding and auto-activation. Activated FXII, the initiating serine protease in both the contact and the intrinsic coagulation system, activates factor XI and prekallikrein, respectively. FXII-mediated bradykinin (BK) formation has been proven in the human plasma of anaphylactic patients as well as in experimental models of anaphylaxis. Moreover, the severity of anaphylaxis is correlated with the increase in plasma heparin, BK formation and the intensity of contact system activation. FXII also activates plasminogen in the fibrinolysis system. Mast cell tryptase has been shown to participate in fibrinolysis through plasmin activation and by facilitating the degradation of fibrinogen. Some usual clinical manifestations in anaphylaxis, such as angioedema or hypotension, or other less common, such as metrorrhagia, may be explained by the direct effect of the activation of the coagulation and contact system driven by mast cell mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Guilarte
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sala-Cunill
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Luengo
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Moisés Labrador-Horrillo
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Cardona
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,VHIR Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Stevens RL, McNeil HP, Wensing LA, Shin K, Wong GW, Hansbro PM, Krilis SA. Experimental Arthritis Is Dependent on Mouse Mast Cell Protease-5. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5392-5404. [PMID: 28193842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive heparin+ (HP) mast cells (MCs) in mice express mouse MC protease (mMCP)-5 and carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA). The amino acid sequence of mMCP-5 is most similar to that of human chymase-1, as are the nucleotide sequences of their genes and transcripts. Using a homologous recombination approach, a C57BL/6 mouse line was created that possessed a disrupted mMCP-5 gene. The resulting mice were fertile and had no obvious developmental abnormality. Lack of mMCP-5 protein did not alter the granulation of the IL-3/IL-9-dependent mMCP-2+ MCs in the jejunal mucosa of Trichinella spiralis-infected mice. In contrast, the constitutive HP+ MCs in the tongues of mMCP-5-null mice were poorly granulated and lacked mMC-CPA protein. Bone marrow-derived MCs were readily developed from the transgenic mice using IL-3. Although these MCs contained high levels of mMC-CPA mRNA, they also lacked the latter exopeptidase. mMCP-5 protein is therefore needed to target translated mMC-CPA to the secretory granule along with HP-containing serglycin proteoglycans. Alternately, mMCP-5 is needed to protect mMC-CPA from autolysis in the cell's granules. Fibronectin was identified as a target of mMCP-5, and the exocytosis of mMCP-5 from the MCs in the mouse's peritoneal cavity resulted in the expression of metalloproteinase protease-9, which has been implicated in arthritis. In support of the latter finding, experimental arthritis was markedly reduced in mMCP-5-null mice relative to wild-type mice in two disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Stevens
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Sexual Health, St. George Hospital, and the St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2217, Australia, .,the Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - H Patrick McNeil
- the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Lislaine A Wensing
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Sexual Health, St. George Hospital, and the St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2217, Australia.,the Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508900, Brazil
| | - Kichul Shin
- the Division of Rheumatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul National University (SMG-SNU), Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - G William Wong
- the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- the Centre for Asthma & Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Steven A Krilis
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and Sexual Health, St. George Hospital, and the St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2217, Australia.,the Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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22
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Mulloy B, Lever R, Page CP. Mast cell glycosaminoglycans. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:351-361. [PMID: 27900574 PMCID: PMC5487770 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells contain granules packed with a mixture of proteins that are released on degranulation. The proteoglycan serglycin carries an array of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains, sometimes heparin, sometimes chondroitin or dermatan sulphate. Tight packing of granule proteins is dependent on the presence of serglycin carrying these GAGs. The GAGs of mast cells were most intensively studied in the 1970s and 1980s, and though something is known about the fine structure of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate in mast cells, little is understood about the composition of the heparin/heparan sulphate chains. Recent emphasis on the analysis of mast cell heparin from different species and tissues, arising from the use of this GAG in medicine, lead to the question of whether variations within heparin structures between mast cell populations are as significant as variations in the mix of chondroitins and heparins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN, UK.
| | - R Lever
- 1 UCL School of Pharmacy, Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - C P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN, UK
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23
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24
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Kim RY, Rae B, Neal R, Donovan C, Pinkerton J, Balachandran L, Starkey MR, Knight DA, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Elucidating novel disease mechanisms in severe asthma. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e91. [PMID: 27525064 PMCID: PMC4973321 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids are broadly active and potent anti-inflammatory agents that, despite the introduction of biologics, remain as the mainstay therapy for many chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, nephrotic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Significantly, there are cohorts of these patients with poor sensitivity to steroid treatment even with high doses, which can lead to many iatrogenic side effects. The dose-limiting toxicity of corticosteroids, and the lack of effective therapeutic alternatives, leads to substantial excess morbidity and healthcare expenditure. We have developed novel murine models of respiratory infection-induced, severe, steroid-resistant asthma that recapitulate the hallmark features of the human disease. These models can be used to elucidate novel disease mechanisms and identify new therapeutic targets in severe asthma. Hypothesis-driven studies can elucidate the roles of specific factors and pathways. Alternatively, 'Omics approaches can be used to rapidly generate new targets. Similar approaches can be used in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brittany Rae
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Neal
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Pinkerton
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lohis Balachandran
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Li Q, Guo G, Meng F, Wang HH, Niu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang Y, Dong L, Wang C. A Naturally Derived, Growth Factor-Binding Polysaccharide for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:617-621. [PMID: 35632382 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the discovery of a naturally derived carbohydrate with binding affinities for two pro-angiogenic growth factors-fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). This galacturonic acid-containing polysaccharide (EUP3) sequestered endogenous FGF-2 and PDGF-BB in vivo and promoted in situ formation and maturation of new blood vessels. Our findings suggest EUP3 as the first nonglycosaminoglycan, nonanimal-originated carbohydrate molecule that binds two pro-angiogenic growth factors to stimulate angiogenesis. Further investigations into this carbohydrate may lead to the development of new tools for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guangxing Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Helena H. Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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26
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Shubin NJ, Glukhova VA, Clauson M, Truong P, Abrink M, Pejler G, White NJ, Deutsch GH, Reeves SR, Vaisar T, James RG, Piliponsky AM. Proteome analysis of mast cell releasates reveals a role for chymase in the regulation of coagulation factor XIIIA levels via proteolytic degradation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:323-334. [PMID: 27302551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are significantly involved in IgE-mediated allergic reactions; however, their roles in health and disease are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to define the proteome contained in mast cell releasates on activation to better understand the factors secreted by mast cells that are relevant to the contribution of mast cells in diseases. METHODS Bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) and peritoneal cell-derived mast cells were used as "surrogates" for mucosal and connective tissue mast cells, respectively, and their releasate proteomes were analyzed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our studies showed that BMCMCs and peritoneal cell-derived mast cells produced substantially different releasates following IgE-mediated activation. Moreover, we observed that the transglutaminase coagulation factor XIIIA (FXIIIA) was one of the most abundant proteins contained in the BMCMC releasates. Mast cell-deficient mice exhibited increased FXIIIA plasma and activity levels as well as reduced bleeding times, indicating that mast cells are more efficient in their ability to downregulate FXIIIA than in contributing to its amounts and functions in homeostatic conditions. We found that human chymase and mouse mast cell protease-4 (the mouse homologue of human chymase) had the ability to reduce FXIIIA levels and function via proteolytic degradation. Moreover, we found that chymase deficiency led to increased FXIIIA amounts and activity, as well as reduced bleeding times in homeostatic conditions and during sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that the mast cell protease content can shape its releasate proteome. Moreover, we found that chymase plays an important role in the regulation of FXIIIA via proteolytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Shubin
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Veronika A Glukhova
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Morgan Clauson
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Phuong Truong
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Magnus Abrink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nathan J White
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Richard G James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Adrian M Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
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Mast cell tryptase and chymase in the progress of cutaneous vasculitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:917-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Carvalhosa AB, Aouba A, Damaj G, Canioni D, Brouzes C, Gyan E, Durupt S, Durieu I, Cathebras P, Costédoat-Chalumeau N, Launay D, Pilmis B, Barete S, Frenzel L, Lortholary O, Hermine O, Hermans C, Chandesris MO. A French National Survey on Clotting Disorders in Mastocytosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1414. [PMID: 26447996 PMCID: PMC4616764 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastocytosis is characterized by a clonal mast cell proliferation with organ infiltration and uncontrolled degranulation. Although not characteristic and poorly explained, some patients develop clotting abnormalities. We retrospectively identified patients with established diagnosis of mastocytosis and related clotting abnormalities (clinical and/or biological) using the national French Reference Centre for Mastocytosis database. From our cohort of 14 adult patients with clotting abnormalities (median age 46 years [range 26-75]), 4 had a presentation suggestive of a primary hemostasis disorder alone (by their symptoms and/or abnormal clotting tests [PFA, von Willebrand's disease [vWD] screening]) and 10 had a laboratory impairment of secondary hemostasis. Among these, 7 had bleeds characteristic of a coagulation cascade disorder (severe/life-threatening in 5 and mild in 2 patients). Clotting abnormalities were of variable severity, typically related to intense crisis of degranulation, such as anaphylactic reactions, and/or to severe organ infiltration by mast cells. Importantly, classical hemostatic management with platelet transfusion, fresh frozen plasma, or vitamin K infusions was unsuccessful, as opposed to the use of agents inhibiting mast cell activity, particularly steroids. This illustrates the crucial role of mast cell mediators such as tryptase and heparin, which interfere both with primary (mainly via inhibition of von Willebrand factor) and secondary hemostasis. There was interestingly an unusually high number of aggressive mastocytosis (particularly mast cell leukemia) and increased mortality in the group with secondary hemostasis disorders (n = 5, 36% of the whole cohort). Mast cell degranulation and/or high tumoral burden induce both specific biologic antiaggregant and anticoagulant states with a wide clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening bleeds. Hemostatic control is achieved by mast cell inhibitors such as steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Carvalhosa
- From the French Reference Centre for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), France (ABC, GD, DC, CB, SB, LF, OL, OH, M-OC); Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Haemophilia Clinic, Division of Haematology, St-Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium (ABC, CH); Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, France (AA); Department of Haematology, Caen University Hospital, France (GD); Department of Pathology, Necker Children's Hospital, APHP, France (DC); Department of Biological Haematology, Necker Children's Hospital, APHP, France (CB); Department of Haematology and Cell Therapy, Tours University Hospital, France (EG); Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Lyon Sud University Hospital, France (SD, ID); Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, France (PC); Department of Internal Medicine, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (NC-C); Department of Internal Medicine, Lille University Hospital, France (DL); Infectious Diseases Department, Necker Children's Hospital, APHP, France (BP, OL); Department of Dermatology, Tenon University Hospital, APHP, France (SB); Department of Haematology, Necker Children's Hospital, APHP, France (LF, OH, M-OC); and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France (LF, OL, OH, M-OC)
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Systemic Mastocytosis: Clinical Update and Future Directions. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 15:728-38. [PMID: 26382091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.07.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is defined as the accumulation of abnormal mast cells (MC) in 1 or more extracutaneous tissues. Symptoms are due to either MC activation or organ infiltration and vary depending on disease subtype. More benign forms of SM, such as indolent SM, result in a life expectancy similar to the general population, while more aggressive subtypes, such as MC leukemia (MCL), have a median survival measured on the order of months. Treatment of indolent SM is directed at controlling the symptoms associated with MC activation. In advanced forms, such as aggressive SM and MCL, agents targeting MC proliferation such as KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cladribine, and thalidomide may be provided. Newer agents based on preclinical rationale are also being actively investigated. However, the only potentially curative therapy for aggressive SM/MCL remains hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Given that SM is a relatively rare disease, clinicians are often underprepared to evaluate, diagnose, and effectively treat this clinically heterogeneous condition. Here we seek to familiarize clinicians with this orphan disease and review current and future treatment approaches.
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Giannou AD, Marazioti A, Spella M, Kanellakis NI, Apostolopoulou H, Psallidas I, Prijovich ZM, Vreka M, Zazara DE, Lilis I, Papaleonidopoulos V, Kairi CA, Patmanidi AL, Giopanou I, Spiropoulou N, Harokopos V, Aidinis V, Spyratos D, Teliousi S, Papadaki H, Taraviras S, Snyder LA, Eickelberg O, Kardamakis D, Iwakura Y, Feyerabend TB, Rodewald HR, Kalomenidis I, Blackwell TS, Agalioti T, Stathopoulos GT. Mast cells mediate malignant pleural effusion formation. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2317-34. [PMID: 25915587 DOI: 10.1172/jci79840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have been identified in various tumors; however, the role of these cells in tumorigenesis remains controversial. Here, we quantified MCs in human and murine malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) and evaluated the fate and function of these cells in MPE development. Evaluation of murine MPE-competent lung and colon adenocarcinomas revealed that these tumors actively attract and subsequently degranulate MCs in the pleural space by elaborating CCL2 and osteopontin. MCs were required for effusion development, as MPEs did not form in mice lacking MCs, and pleural infusion of MCs with MPE-incompetent cells promoted MPE formation. Once homed to the pleural space, MCs released tryptase AB1 and IL-1β, which in turn induced pleural vasculature leakiness and triggered NF-κB activation in pleural tumor cells, thereby fostering pleural fluid accumulation and tumor growth. Evaluation of human effusions revealed that MCs are elevated in MPEs compared with benign effusions. Moreover, MC abundance correlated with MPE formation in a human cancer cell-induced effusion model. Treatment of mice with the c-KIT inhibitor imatinib mesylate limited effusion precipitation by mouse and human adenocarcinoma cells. Together, the results of this study indicate that MCs are required for MPE formation and suggest that MC-dependent effusion formation is therapeutically addressable.
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The role of mouse mast cell proteases in the proliferative phase of wound healing in microdeformational wound therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 134:459-467. [PMID: 24814421 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stored in the secretory granules of cutaneous mouse mast cells are mouse mast cell proteases (mMCP-4, -5, and -6). Using transgenic mouse lines that lacked these enzymes, it was shown that mMCP-4 and mMCP-5 modulate the outcome of burn-induced skin injury. Whether or not these proteases also play a role in the repair of surgically damaged skin, with or without microdeformational wound therapy, remains to be determined. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice and transgenic C57BL/6 mouse lines lacking mMCP-4, -5, or -6 were subjected to surgical wounding of their skin. Wounds were splinted with a stabilizing patch, and the mice received either microdeformational wound therapy (n = 5) or occlusive dressing (n = 5) for 7 days. Wound healing parameters were assessed in the proliferative phase. RESULTS Cell proliferation in the wounded wild-type mice receiving microdeformational wound therapy was 60 ± 3 percent. Cell proliferation was only 35 ± 5 percent, 25 ± 5 percent, and 45 ± 4 percent for the treated mMCP-4-, mMCP-5-, and mMCP-6-null mice, respectively (p = 0.005). Blood vessel sprouting was higher in the control mice with microdeformational wound therapy (170 ± 40 vessels/high-power field) compared with mouse mast cell protease 6-null mice with microdeformational wound therapy (70 ± 20 vessels/high-power field; p = 0.005), and higher in the control mice with occlusive dressing (110 ± 30 vessels/high-power field) compared with mMCP-4-null mice with occlusive dressing (50 ± 20 vessels/high-power field; p = 0.01). Qualitatively, the granulation tissue of all the protease-deficient groups receiving microdeformational wound therapy was disrupted. CONCLUSION Results suggest that mouse mast cell proteases 4, 5, and 6 are mediators of the critical role mast cells play in microdeformational wound therapy in the proliferative phase of healing.
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that carry out protective roles against pathogens. In disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease, these granulocytes release a diverse array of mediators that contribute to inflammatory processes. They also participate in wound repair and tissue remodeling. In this review, the composition of MCs and how their phenotypes can be altered during inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is detailed. Animal and human clinical studies that have implicated the participation of MCs in inflammatory bowel disease are reviewed, including the contribution of the cell's mediators to clinical symptoms, stress-triggered inflammation, and fistula and strictures. Studies that have focused on negating the proinflammatory roles of MCs and their mediators in animal models suggest new targets for therapies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Downregulation of angiogenesis factors, VEGF and PDGF, after rapid IgE desensitization and oral immunotherapy in children with food allergy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:372567. [PMID: 24995287 PMCID: PMC4065666 DOI: 10.1155/2014/372567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis has a key role in several conditions and is regulated by several factors such as the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The goal of this study was to investigate the possible role of PDGF and VEGF in a group of patients with severe food allergy. METHODS We design a prospective longitudinal study (n = 30) with patients with persistent cow's milk proteins (CMP) allergy. After achieving a CMP rush desensitization protocol, a clinical followup including SPT and blood samples to determine sIgE, protein levels, PDGF, and VEGF-A and a panel of the most representative Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 cytokines were also monitored. RESULTS Baseline levels of PDGF and VEGF in the CMP allergic patients (1170 pg/mL and 253 pg/mL) were different compared to those nonallergic CMP control subjects (501 pg/mL and 108 pg/mL). Both PDGF and VEGF were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) 6 months after completion of the CMP desensitization process and remained significantly decreased 12 months later. CONCLUSION The present study shows a significant increase of PDGF and VEGF in anaphylaxis suffering children compared to a control group. Interestingly, both VEGF and PDGF were significantly downregulated after completing a full CMP rush IgE desensitization.
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Hansbro PM, Hamilton MJ, Fricker M, Gellatly SL, Jarnicki AG, Zheng D, Frei SM, Wong GW, Hamadi S, Zhou S, Foster PS, Krilis SA, Stevens RL. Importance of mast cell Prss31/transmembrane tryptase/tryptase-γ in lung function and experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and colitis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18214-27. [PMID: 24821729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.548594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease serine member S31 (Prss31)/transmembrane tryptase/tryptase-γ is a mast cell (MC)-restricted protease of unknown function that is retained on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane when MCs are activated. We determined the nucleotide sequences of the Prss31 gene in different mouse strains and then used a Cre/loxP homologous recombination approach to create a novel Prss31(-/-) C57BL/6 mouse line. The resulting animals exhibited no obvious developmental abnormality, contained normal numbers of granulated MCs in their tissues, and did not compensate for their loss of the membrane tryptase by increasing their expression of other granule proteases. When Prss31-null MCs were activated with a calcium ionophore or by their high affinity IgE receptors, they degranulated in a pattern similar to that of WT MCs. Prss31-null mice had increased baseline airway reactivity to methacholine but markedly reduced experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and colitis, thereby indicating both beneficial and adverse functional roles for the tryptase. In a cigarette smoke-induced model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WT mice had more pulmonary macrophages, higher histopathology scores, and more fibrosis in their small airways than similarly treated Prss31-null mice. In a dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis model, WT mice lost more weight, had higher histopathology scores, and contained more Cxcl-2 and IL-6 mRNA in their colons than similarly treated Prss31-null mice. The accumulated data raise the possibility that inhibitors of this membrane tryptase may provide additional therapeutic benefit in the treatment of humans with these MC-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Hansbro
- From the Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Matthew J Hamilton
- the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Michael Fricker
- From the Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Shaan L Gellatly
- From the Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- From the Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Dominick Zheng
- the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sandra M Frei
- the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - G William Wong
- the Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Sahar Hamadi
- the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Saijun Zhou
- the Department of Infectious Disease, Immunology, and Sexual Health, St. George Hospital and the University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales 2217, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- From the Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Steven A Krilis
- the Department of Infectious Disease, Immunology, and Sexual Health, St. George Hospital and the University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales 2217, Australia
| | - Richard L Stevens
- the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
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Prieto-García A, Castells MC, Hansbro PM, Stevens RL. Mast cell-restricted tetramer-forming tryptases and their beneficial roles in hemostasis and blood coagulation. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:263-81. [PMID: 24745673 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tetramer-forming tryptase (hTryptase-β) was recently discovered to have a prominent role in preventing the internal accumulation of life-threatening fibrin deposits and fibrin-platelet clots. The anticoagulant activity of hTryptase-β is an explanation for the presence of hemorrhagic disorders in some patients with anaphylaxis or mastocytosis. The fragments of hFibrinogen formed by the proteolysis of this prominent protein by hTryptase-β could be used as biomarkers in the blood and/or urine for the identification and monitoring of patients with mast cell-dependent disorders. Recombinant hTryptase-β has potential to be used in clinical settings where it is desirable to inhibit blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Prieto-García
- Allergy Service, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Dr Esquerdo 46, Madrid 28007, Spain.
| | - Mariana C Castells
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Smith Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - Richard L Stevens
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Smith Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Douaiher J, Succar J, Lancerotto L, Gurish MF, Orgill DP, Hamilton MJ, Krilis SA, Stevens RL. Development of mast cells and importance of their tryptase and chymase serine proteases in inflammation and wound healing. Adv Immunol 2014; 122:211-52. [PMID: 24507159 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800267-4.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are active participants in blood coagulation and innate and acquired immunity. This review focuses on the development of mouse and human MCs, as well as the involvement of their granule serine proteases in inflammation and the connective tissue remodeling that occurs during the different phases of the healing process of wounded skin and other organs. The accumulated data suggest that MCs, their tryptases, and their chymases play important roles in tissue repair. While MCs initially promote healing, they can be detrimental if they are chronically stimulated or if too many MCs become activated at the same time. The possibility that MCs and their granule serine proteases contribute to the formation of keloid and hypertrophic scars makes them potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the repair of damaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Douaiher
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julien Succar
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Luca Lancerotto
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael F Gurish
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven A Krilis
- Department of Infectious Disease, Immunology, and Sexual Health, The St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard L Stevens
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Magarinos NJ, Bryant KJ, Fosang AJ, Adachi R, Stevens RL, McNeil HP. Mast cell-restricted, tetramer-forming tryptases induce aggrecanolysis in articular cartilage by activating matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -13 zymogens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1404-12. [PMID: 23797671 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)-6-null C57BL/6 mice lost less aggrecan proteoglycan from the extracellular matrix of their articular cartilage during inflammatory arthritis than wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that this mast cell (MC)-specific mouse tryptase plays prominent roles in articular cartilage catabolism. We used ex vivo mouse femoral head explants to determine how mMCP-6 and its human ortholog hTryptase-β mediate aggrecanolysis. Exposure of the explants to recombinant hTryptase-β, recombinant mMCP-6, or lysates harvested from WT mouse peritoneal MCs (PMCs) significantly increased the levels of enzymatically active matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in cartilage and significantly induced aggrecan loss into the conditioned media, relative to replicate explants exposed to medium alone or lysates collected from mMCP-6-null PMCs. Treatment of cartilage explants with tetramer-forming tryptases generated aggrecan fragments that contained C-terminal DIPEN and N-terminal FFGVG neoepitopes, consistent with MMP-dependent aggrecanolysis. In support of these data, hTryptase-β was unable to induce aggrecan release from the femoral head explants obtained from Chloe mice that resist MMP cleavage at the DIPEN↓FFGVG site in the interglobular domain of aggrecan. In addition, the abilities of mMCP-6-containing lysates from WT PMCs to induce aggrecanolysis were prevented by inhibitors of MMP-3 and MMP-13. Finally, recombinant hTryptase-β was able to activate latent pro-MMP-3 and pro-MMP-13 in vitro. The accumulated data suggest that human and mouse tetramer-forming tryptases are MMP convertases that mediate cartilage damage and the proteolytic loss of aggrecan proteoglycans in arthritis, in part, by activating the zymogen forms of MMP-3 and MMP-13, which are constitutively present in articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia J Magarinos
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Matheu V, González-Pérez R, Poza P, Sánchez-Machín I. Desensibilización frente a tolerancia clínica. Med Clin (Barc) 2013; 140:428-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2012.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Picard M, Giavina-Bianchi P, Mezzano V, Castells M. Expanding Spectrum of Mast Cell Activation Disorders: Monoclonal and Idiopathic Mast Cell Activation Syndromes. Clin Ther 2013; 35:548-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Komiyama H, Miyake K, Asai K, Mizuno K, Shimada T. Cyclical mechanical stretch enhances degranulation and IL-4 secretion in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:70-6. [PMID: 23584980 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are widely distributed in the body and affect their surrounding environment through degranulation and secretion of cytokines. Conversely, mast cells are influenced by environmental stimuli such as cyclical mechanical stretch (CMS), such as that induced by heartbeat and respiration. Peripherally distributed mast cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix, where they bind IgE on their surface by expressing the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE (FcεRI), and they release mediators after cross-linking of surface-bound IgE by allergen. To analyse how CMS affects mast cell responses, we examined the effect of applying CMS on the behaviour of IgE-bound mast cells (RBL-2H3 cell line) adhering to fibronectin as a substitute for extracellular matrix. We found that CMS enhanced FcεRI-mediated secretion in the presence of antigen (2,4-dinitrophenol-bovine serum albumin). CMS increased expression of IL-4 mRNA and secretion of IL-4 protein. Western blot analysis showed that CMS changes the signal transduction in mitogen-activated protein kinases and AKT, which in turn alters the regulation of IL-4 and increases the secretion of IL-4. These results suggest that CMS modulates the effect of mast cells on inflammation and resultant tissue remodelling. Understanding how CMS affects mast cell responses is crucial for developing therapies to treat mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Komiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; First Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Anower-E-Khuda MF, Habuchi H, Nagai N, Habuchi O, Yokochi T, Kimata K. Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase isoform-dependent regulatory effects of heparin on the activities of various proteases in mast cells and the biosynthesis of 6-O-sulfated heparin. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:3705-17. [PMID: 23223449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.416651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (HS6ST) is an enzyme involved in heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis that transfers a sulfate residue to position 6 of the GlcNAc/GlcNSO(3) residues of HS, and it consists of three isoforms. Heparin, the highly sulfated form of HS, resides in connective tissue mast cells and is involved in the storage of mast cell proteases (MCPs). However, it is not well understood which isoform(s) of HS6ST participates in 6-O-sulfation of heparin and how the 6-O-sulfate residues in heparin affect MCPs. To investigate these issues, we prepared fetal skin-derived mast cells (FSMCs) from wild type (WT) and HS6ST-deficient mice (HS6ST-1(-/-), HS6ST-2(-/-), and HS6ST-1(-/-)/HS6ST-2(-/-)) and determined the structure of heparin, the protease activity, and the mRNA expression of each MCP in cultured FSMCs. The activities of tryptase and carboxypeptidase-A were decreased in HS6ST-2(-/-)-FSMCs in which 6-O-sulfation of heparin was decreased at 50% of WT-FSMCs and almost lost in HS6ST-1(-/-)/HS6ST-2(-/-)-FSMCs, which lacked the 6-O-sulfation in heparin nearly completely. In contrast, chymase activity was retained even in HS6ST-1(-/-)/HS6ST-2(-/-)-FSMCs. Each MCP mRNA was not decreased in any of the mutant FSMCs. Western blot analysis showed that tryptase (mMCP-6) was almost absent from HS6ST-1(-/-)/HS6ST-2(-/-)-FSMCs indicating degradation/secretion of the enzyme protein. These observations suggest that both HS6ST-1 and HS6ST-2 are involved in 6-O-sulfation of heparin and that the proper packaging and storage of tryptase, carboxypeptidase-A, and chymase may be regulated differently by the 6-O-sulfate residues in heparin. It is thus likely that 6-O-sulfation of heparin plays important roles in regulating MCP functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ferdous Anower-E-Khuda
- Research Complex for the Medicine Frontiers, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Zauner G, Hoffmann M, Rapp E, Koeleman CAM, Dragan I, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M, Hensbergen PJ. Glycoproteomic Analysis of Human Fibrinogen Reveals Novel Regions of O-Glycosylation. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5804-14. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3005937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Zauner
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg,
Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg,
Germany
| | - Carolien A. M. Koeleman
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Dragan
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - André M. Deelder
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Hensbergen
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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