1
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Mohammed RDS, Piell KM, Maurer MC. Identification of Factor XIII β-Sandwich Residues Mediating Glutamine Substrate Binding and Activation Peptide Cleavage. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:408-422. [PMID: 38040030 DOI: 10.1055/a-2220-7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor XIII (FXIII) forms covalent crosslinks across plasma and cellular substrates and has roles in hemostasis, wound healing, and bone metabolism. FXIII activity is implicated in venous thromboembolism (VTE) and is a target for developing pharmaceuticals, which requires understanding FXIII - substrate interactions. Previous studies proposed the β-sandwich domain of the FXIII A subunit (FXIII-A) exhibits substrate recognition sites. MATERIAL AND METHODS Recombinant FXIII-A proteins (WT, K156E, F157L, R158Q/E, R171Q, and R174E) were generated to identify FXIII-A residues mediating substrate recognition. Proteolytic (FXIII-A*) and non-proteolytic (FXIII-A°) forms were analyzed for activation and crosslinking activities toward physiological substrates using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS. RESULTS All FXIII-A* variants displayed reduced crosslinking abilities compared to WT for Fbg αC (233 - 425), fibrin, and actin. FXIII-A* WT activity was greater than A°, suggesting the binding site is more exposed in FXIII-A*. With Fbg αC (233 - 425), FXIII-A* variants R158Q/E, R171Q, and R174E exhibited decreased activities approaching those of FXIII-A°. However, with a peptide substrate, FXIII-A* WT and variants showed similar crosslinking suggesting the recognition site is distant from the catalytic site. Surprisingly, FXIII-A R158E and R171Q displayed slower thrombin activation than WT, potentially due to loss of crucial H-bonding with neighboring activation peptide (AP) residues. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FXIII-A residues K156, F157, R158, R171, and R174 are part of a binding site for physiological substrates [fibrin (α and γ) and actin]. Moreover, R158 and R171 control AP cleavage during thrombin activation. These investigations provide new molecular details on FXIII - substrate interactions that control crosslinking abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Muriel C Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
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2
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Heurich M, McCluskey G. Complement and coagulation crosstalk - Factor H in the spotlight. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152707. [PMID: 37633063 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The immune complement and the coagulation systems are blood-based proteolytic cascades that are activated by pathway-specific triggers, based on protein-protein interactions and enzymatic cleavage reactions. Activation of these systems is finely balanced and controlled through specific regulatory mechanisms. The complement and coagulation systems are generally viewed as distinct, but have common evolutionary origins, and several interactions between these homologous systems have been reported. This complement and coagulation crosstalk can affect activation, amplification and regulatory functions in both systems. In this review, we summarize the literature on coagulation factors contributing to complement alternative pathway activation and regulation and highlight molecular interactions of the complement alternative pathway regulator factor H with several coagulation factors. We propose a mechanism where factor H interactions with coagulation factors may contribute to both complement and coagulation activation and regulation within the haemostatic system and fibrin clot microenvironment and introduce the emerging role of factor H as a modulator of coagulation. Finally, we discuss the potential impact of these protein interactions in diseases associated with factor H dysregulation or deficiency as well as evidence of coagulation dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Heurich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.
| | - Geneviève McCluskey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose HITH U1176, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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3
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Soltani F, Kaartinen MT. Transglutaminases in fibrosis-overview and recent advances. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C885-C894. [PMID: 37642242 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of protein cross-linking enzymes that are capable of stiffening and insolubilizing proteins and creating protein networks, and thereby altering biological functions of proteins. Their role in fibrosis progression has been widely investigated with a focus on kidney, lung, liver, and heart where activity is triggered by various stimuli including hypoxia, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. TG2 has been considered one of the key enzymes in the pathogenesis of fibrosis mainly through transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling and matrix cross-linking mechanisms. Although TG2 has been most widely studied in this context, the involvement of other TGs, TG1 and Factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), is beginning to emerge. This mini-review highlights the major steps taken in the TG and fibrosis research and summarizes the most recent advances and contributions of TG2, TG1, and FXIII-A to the progression of fibrosis in various animal models. Also, their mechanisms of action as well as therapeutic prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Soltani
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Rosenfeld MA, Yurina LV, Vasilyeva AD. Antioxidant role of methionine-containing intra- and extracellular proteins. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:367-383. [PMID: 37396452 PMCID: PMC10310685 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant evidence suggests that reversible oxidation of methionine residues provides a mechanism capable of scavenging reactive species, thus creating a cycle with catalytic efficiency to counteract or mitigate deleterious effects of ROS on other functionally important amino acid residues. Because of the absence of MSRs in the blood plasma, oxidation of methionines in extracellular proteins is effectively irreversible and, therefore, the ability of methionines to serve as interceptors of oxidant molecules without impairment of the structure and function of plasma proteins is still debatable. This review presents data on the oxidative modification of both intracellular and extracellular proteins that differ drastically in their spatial structures and functions indicating that the proteins contain antioxidant methionines/the oxidation of which does not affect (or has a minor effect) on their functional properties. The functional consequences of methionine oxidation in proteins have been mainly identified from studies in vitro and, to a very limited extent, in vivo. Hence, much of the functioning of plasma proteins constantly subjected to oxidative stress remains unclear and requires further research to understand the evolutionary role of methionine oxidation in proteins for the maintenance of homeostasis and risk factors affecting the development of ROS-related pathologies. Data presented in this review contribute to increased evidence of antioxidant role of surface-exposed methionines and can be useful for understanding a possible mechanism that supports or impairs structure-function relationships of proteins subjected to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Rosenfeld
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - Lyubov V. Yurina
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Vasilyeva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
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5
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Simonin EM, Wagner B. IgE-binding monocytes upregulate the coagulation cascade in allergic horses. Genes Immun 2023:10.1038/s41435-023-00207-w. [PMID: 37193769 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
IgE-binding monocytes are a rare peripheral immune cell type involved in the allergic response through binding of IgE on their surface. IgE-binding monocytes are present in both healthy and allergic individuals. We performed RNA sequencing to ask how the function of IgE-binding monocytes differs in the context of allergy. Using a large animal model of allergy, equine Culicoides hypersensitivity, we compared the transcriptome of IgE-binding monocytes in allergic and non-allergic horses at two seasonal timepoints: (i) when allergic animals were clinical healthy, in the winter "Remission Phase", and (ii) during chronic disease, in the summer "Clinical Phase". Most transcriptional differences between allergic and non-allergic horses occurred only during the "Remission Phase", suggesting principal differences in monocyte function even in the absence of allergen exposure. F13A1, a subunit of fibrinoligase, was significantly upregulated at both timepoints in allergic horses. This suggested a role for increased fibrin deposition in the coagulation cascade to promote allergic inflammation. IgE-binding monocytes also downregulated CCR10 expression in allergic horses during the "Clinical Phase", suggesting a defect in maintenance of skin homeostasis, which further promotes allergic inflammation. Together, this transcriptional analysis provides valuable clues into the mechanisms used by IgE-binding monocytes in allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Simonin
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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6
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Yuan C, Yang Q, Wu J, Peng Y, Li Y, Xiong S, Zhou J, Wang M, Hu Z, Zou Z, Xia Q. Proteomics reveals the hemolymph components of partially fed Hyalomma asiaticum ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:102032. [PMID: 36088665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemolymph infection facilitates pathogen invasion of internal tick tissues. However, the overall protein composition of the hemolymph has not been analyzed for any tick species. Here, a gel based liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was used to characterize the hemolymph proteome of Hyalomma asiaticum females during blood feeding. A total of 311 proteins were identified. Hemelipoglyco-carrier proteins, apolipophorin-like proteins, and intracellular proteins were the most abundant proteins. Thirteen immunity-related proteins were identified, including peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), Thioester-containing proteins (TEPs), clip‑serine proteinases, serpins and Dome. The presence of hemocytin, proclotting enzyme homologs, serpins, TEPs, factor D-like protein and the lack of coagulin, hemocyanin, and prophenoloxidase suggest ticks may possess a unique coagulation system, which is largely different from that of insects. Taken together, the study revealed the constitution, level, and possible functions of global hemolymph proteins in H. asiaticum and could facilitate the discovery of new targets for control of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, School of Tropical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qingtai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shirui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, School of Tropical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Qianfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, School of Tropical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China.
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7
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Javed H, Singh S, Urs SUR, Oldenburg J, Biswas A. Genetic landscape in coagulation factor XIII associated defects – Advances in coagulation and beyond. Blood Rev 2022; 59:101032. [PMID: 36372609 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) acts as a fine fulcrum in blood plasma that maintains the balance between bleeding and thrombosis by covalently crosslinking the pre-formed fibrin clot into an insoluble one that is resistant to premature fibrinolysis. In plasma, FXIII circulates as a pro-transglutaminase complex composed of the dimeric catalytic FXIII-A encoded by the F13A1 gene and dimeric carrier/regulatory FXIII-B subunits encoded by the F13B gene. Growing evidence accumulated over decades of exhaustive research shows that not only does FXIII play major roles in both pathological extremes of hemostasis i.e. bleeding and thrombosis, but that it is, in fact, a pleiotropic protein with physiological roles beyond coagulation. However, the current FXIII genetic-epidemiological literature is overwhelmingly derived from the bleeding pathology associated with its deficiency. In this article we review the current clinical, functional, and molecular understanding of this fascinating multifaceted protein, especially putting into the same perspective its genetic landscape.
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8
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Li B, Bechtler C, Jenny L, Ricklin D, Schroeder V. Exploring the function of factor XIII free B subunit: Interactions with complement factors and a novel approach to identify potential binding partners. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12766. [PMID: 35873217 PMCID: PMC9301527 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The factor XIII (FXIII)‐B subunit has a critical function as a carrier protein to stabilize FXIII‐A in plasma and supply it to its main substrate, fibrinogen. However, the function of the excess free FXIII‐B circulating in plasma is still elusive. Objectives In the present study, we explored potential interactions of free FXIII‐B with complement factors and searched for novel binding partners. Methods We tested for cofactor activity in the degradation of complement C3b and C4b and used ELISA‐ and surface plasmon resonance–based binding assays to investigate interactions between FXIII‐B and complement components. We performed immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis to identify potential binding partners of free FXIII‐B in freshly drawn plasma samples. Results FXIII‐B did not exhibit cofactor activity in the degradation of C3b and C4b similar to factor H and C4b‐binding protein, nor did it bind to complement factors to a relevant extent. Identification of proteins potentially binding to free FXIII‐B revealed high interindividual variation. We confirmed α2‐macroglobulin (α2MG) as a candidate, although direct interactions or functional effects remain to be validated. Conclusions Our study reveals that free FXIII‐B has no direct role in regulating the complement system, despite a structural similarity to major complement regulators. Further studies are needed to validate α2MG as a binding partner and explore potential functional consequences of this binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Li
- Experimental Haemostasis Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Clément Bechtler
- Molecular Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Jenny
- Experimental Haemostasis Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Molecular Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Verena Schroeder
- Experimental Haemostasis Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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9
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Wolberg AS, Sang Y. Fibrinogen and Factor XIII in Venous Thrombosis and Thrombus Stability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:931-941. [PMID: 35652333 PMCID: PMC9339521 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the third most common vascular disease, venous thromboembolism is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Pathogenesis underlying venous thrombosis is still not fully understood. Accumulating data suggest fibrin network structure and factor XIII-mediated crosslinking are major determinants of venous thrombus mass, composition, and stability. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating fibrin(ogen) and factor XIII production and function and their ability to influence venous thrombogenesis and resolution may inspire new anticoagulant strategies that target these proteins to reduce or prevent venous thrombosis in certain at-risk patients. This article summarizes fibrinogen and factor XIII biology and current knowledge of their function during venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Yaqiu Sang
- Department of Pathology and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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10
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Moroi M, Induruwa I, Farndale RW, Jung SM. Factor XIII is a newly identified binding partner for platelet collagen receptor GPVI-dimer-An interaction that may modulate fibrin crosslinking. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12697. [PMID: 35494504 PMCID: PMC9035508 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the fibrin-forming process, thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin, which form fibrils and then fibers, producing a gel-like clot. Thrombin also activates coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), which crosslinks fibrin γ-chains and α-chains, stabilizing the clot. Many proteins bind to fibrin, including FXIII, an established regulation of clot structure, and platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI), whose contribution to clot function is largely unknown. FXIII is present in plasma, but the abundant FXIII in platelet cytosol becomes exposed to the surface of strongly activated platelets. Objectives We determined if GPVI interacts with FXIII and how this might modulate clot formation. Methods We measured interactions between recombinant proteins of the GPVI extracellular domain: GPVI-dimer (GPVI-Fc2) or monomer (GPVIex) and FXIII proteins (nonactivated and thrombin-activated FXIII, FXIII subunits A and B) by ELISA. Binding to fibrin clots and fibrin γ-chain crosslinking were analyzed by immunoblotting. Results GPVI-dimer, but not GPVI-monomer, bound to FXIII. GPVI-dimer selectively bound to the FXIII A-subunit, but not to the B-subunit, an interaction that was decreased or abrogated by the GPVI-dimer-specific antibody mFab-F. The GPVI-dimer-FXIII interaction decreased the extent of γ-chain crosslinking, indicating a role in the regulation of clot formation. Conclusions This is the first report of the specific interaction between GPVI-dimer and the A-subunit of FXIII, as determined in an in vitro system with defined components. GPVI-dimer-FXIII binding was inhibitory toward FXIII-catalyzed crosslinking of fibrin γ-chains in fibrin clots. This raises the possibility that GPVI-dimer may negatively modulate fibrin crosslinking induced by FXIII, lessening clot stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Moroi
- Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Isuru Induruwa
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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11
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Linsley CS, Sung K, White C, Abecunas CA, Tawil BJ, Wu BM. Functionalizing Fibrin Hydrogels with Thermally Responsive Oligonucleotide Tethers for On-Demand Delivery. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010025. [PMID: 35049734 PMCID: PMC8773154 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a limited number of stimuli-responsive biomaterials that are capable of delivering customizable dosages of a therapeutic at a specific location and time. This is especially true in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, where it may be desirable for the stimuli-responsive biomaterial to also serve as a scaffolding material. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to engineer a traditionally non-stimuli responsive scaffold biomaterial to be thermally responsive so it could be used for on-demand drug delivery applications. Fibrin hydrogels are frequently used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, and they were functionalized with thermally labile oligonucleotide tethers using peptides from substrates for factor XIII (FXIII). The alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor peptide had the greatest incorporation efficiency out of the FXIII substrate peptides studied, and conjugates of the peptide and oligonucleotide tethers were successfully incorporated into fibrin hydrogels via enzymatic activity. Single-strand complement oligo with either a fluorophore model drug or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) could be released on demand via temperature increases. These results demonstrate a strategy that can be used to functionalize traditionally non-stimuli responsive biomaterials suitable for on-demand drug delivery systems (DDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase S. Linsley
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.S.); (C.W.); (C.A.A.); (B.J.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.L.); (B.M.W.)
| | - Kevin Sung
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.S.); (C.W.); (C.A.A.); (B.J.T.)
| | - Cameron White
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.S.); (C.W.); (C.A.A.); (B.J.T.)
| | - Cara A. Abecunas
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.S.); (C.W.); (C.A.A.); (B.J.T.)
| | - Bill J. Tawil
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.S.); (C.W.); (C.A.A.); (B.J.T.)
| | - Benjamin M. Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (K.S.); (C.W.); (C.A.A.); (B.J.T.)
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (C.S.L.); (B.M.W.)
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12
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Moroi M, Induruwa I, Farndale RW, Jung SM. Dimers of the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI bind specifically to fibrin fibers during clot formation, but not to intact fibrinogen. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2056-2067. [PMID: 34032355 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) has an independent role as a receptor for fibrin produced via the coagulation cascade. However, various reports of GPVI binding to immobilized fibrin(ogen) are not consistent. As a collagen receptor, GPVI-dimer is the functional form, but whether GPVI dimers or monomers bind to fibrin remains controversial. To resolve this, we analyzed GPVI binding to nascent fibrin clots, which more closely approximate physiological conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS ELISA using biotinyl-fibrinogen immobilized on streptavidin-coated wells indicated that GPVI dimers do not bind intact fibrinogen. Clots were formed by adding thrombin to a mixture of near-plasma level of fibrinogen and recombinant GPVI ectodomain: GPVI dimer (GPVI-Fc2 or Revacept) or monomer (GPVI-His: single chain of Revacept GPVI domain, with His tag). Clot-bound proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting. GPVI-dimer bound to noncrosslinked fibrin clots with classical one-site binding kinetics, with µM-level KD , and to crosslinked clots with higher affinity. Anti-GPVI-dimer (mFab-F) inhibited the binding. However, GPVI-His binding to either type of clot was nonsaturable and nearly linear, indicating very low affinity or nonspecific binding. In clots formed in the presence of platelets, clot-bound platelet-derived proteins were integrin αIIbβ3, present at high levels, and GPVI. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that dimeric GPVI is the receptor for fibrin, exhibiting a similar KD to those obtained for its binding to fibrinogen D-fragment and D-dimer, suggesting that fibrin(ogen)'s GPVI-binding site becomes exposed after fibrin formation or cleavage to fragment D. Analysis of platelets bound to fibrin clots indicates that platelet GPVI binds to fibrin fibers comprising the clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Moroi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isuru Induruwa
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie M Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Takeuchi T, Tatsukawa H, Shinoda Y, Kuwata K, Nishiga M, Takahashi H, Hase N, Hitomi K. Spatially Resolved Identification of Transglutaminase Substrates by Proteomics in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:319-330. [PMID: 34264172 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0012oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the invariably progressive deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs and overall poor prognosis. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an enzyme that crosslinks glutamine and lysine residues and is involved in IPF pathogenesis. Despite the accumulating evidence implicating TG2 as a critical enzyme, the causative function and direct target of TG2 relating to this pathogenesis remain unelucidated. Here, we clarified the distributions of TG2 protein/activity and conducted quantitative proteomics analyses of possible substrates crosslinked by TG2 on unfixed lung sections in a mouse pulmonary fibrosis model. We identified 126 possible substrates as markedly increased TG2-dependently in fibrotic lung. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these identified proteins were mostly enriched in the lipid metabolic process, immune system process, and protein transport. In addition, these proteins enriched in the 21 pathways including phagosome, lipid metabolism, several immune responses, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the network analyses screened out the 6 clusters and top 20 hub proteins with higher scores, which are related to ER stress and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signals. Several enriched pathways and categories were identified, and some of which were the same terms based on transcription analysis in IPF. Our results provide novel pathological molecular networks driven by protein crosslinking via TG2, which can lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishu Takeuchi
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Tatsukawa
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan;
| | - Yoshiki Shinoda
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Cheng L, Zhang T, Fei Y, Shen H, Huang H, Chen J, Xu B, Xu J. Expression, Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Human Coagulation Factor XIIIa in Pichia Pastoris. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:55-62. [PMID: 32586241 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200625203240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation factor XIIIa(FXIIIa) plays a critical role in the final stage of blood coagulation. It is extremely important in wound healing, tissue repairing and promoting cell adhesion. The deficiency of the coagulation factor can cause hemorrhage and slow wound healing. OBJECTIVE In this study, recombinant pPICZαC-FXIIIa was expressed in Pichia pastoris, purified as well as its biological activity was determined. METHODS The FXIIIa fragment obtained from the human placenta was inserted into pPICZαC to obtain pPICZαC-FXIIIa, which was transformed into X33 after linearization, and FXIIIa inserted into Pichia pastoris X33 was screened for methanol induction. The expressed product was identified by western blotting, then the supernatant was purified by affinity chromatography, and the purified product was determined by plasma coagulation experiment. RESULTS Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) showed that the FXIIIa fragment of 2250 bp was inserted successfully into pPICZαC. The expression and purification products of the same molecular weight as target protein(about 83 kDa) were obtained, which solidified significantly when reacted with plasma. CONCLUSION The expression and purification products were successful, with sufficient biological activity, which can be used as a candidate FXIIIa hemostatic agent in genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Cheng
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yuchang Fei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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15
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Factor XIII-A: An Indispensable "Factor" in Haemostasis and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063055. [PMID: 33802692 PMCID: PMC8002558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) is a transglutaminase enzyme that catalyses the formation of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl isopeptide bonds into protein substrates. The plasma form, FXIIIA2B2, has an established function in haemostasis, with fibrin being its principal substrate. A deficiency in FXIII manifests as a severe bleeding diathesis emphasising its crucial role in this pathway. The FXIII-A gene (F13A1) is expressed in cells of bone marrow and mesenchymal lineage. The cellular form, a homodimer of the A subunits denoted FXIII-A, was perceived to remain intracellular, due to the lack of a classical signal peptide for its release. It is now apparent that FXIII-A can be externalised from cells, by an as yet unknown mechanism. Thus, three pools of FXIII-A exist within the circulation: plasma where it circulates in complex with the inhibitory FXIII-B subunits, and the cellular form encased within platelets and monocytes/macrophages. The abundance of this transglutaminase in different forms and locations in the vasculature reflect the complex and crucial roles of this enzyme in physiological processes. Herein, we examine the significance of these pools of FXIII-A in different settings and the evidence to date to support their function in haemostasis and wound healing.
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16
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Song M, Fitch ZW, Samy KP, Martin BM, Gao Q, Patrick Davis R, Leopardi FV, Huffman N, Schmitz R, Devi GR, Collins BH, Kirk AD. Coagulation, inflammation, and CD46 transgene expression in neonatal porcine islet xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12680. [PMID: 33619844 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombosis is a known consequence of intraportal islet transplantation, particularly for xenogeneic islets. To define the origins of thrombosis after islet xenotransplantation and relate it to early inflammation, we examined porcine islets transplanted into non-human primates using a dual-transplant model to directly compare islet characteristics. METHODS α1,3-Galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GTKO) islets with and without expression of the human complement regulatory transgene CD46 (hCD46) were studied. Biologically inert polyethylene microspheres were used to examine the generic pro-thrombotic effects of particle embolization. Immunohistochemistry was performed 1 and 24 hours after transplantation. RESULTS Xeno-islet transplantation activated both extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways. The intrinsic pathway was also initiated by microsphere embolization, while extrinsic pathway tissue factor (TF) and platelet aggregation were more specific to engrafted islets. hCD46 expression significantly reduced TF, platelet, fibrin, and factor XIIIa accumulation in and around islets but did not alter intrinsic factor activation. Layers of TF+ cells emerged around islets within 24 hours, particularly co-localized with vimentin, and identified as CD3+ and CD68+ cells inflammatory cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings detail the origins of thrombosis following islet xenotransplantation, relate it to early immune activation, and suggest a role for transgenic hCD46 expression in its mitigation. Layers of TF-positive inflammatory cells and fibroblasts around islets at 24 hours may have important roles in the progressive events of thrombosis, inflammatory cell recruitment, rejection, and the ultimate outcome of transplanted grafts. These suggest that the strategies targeting these elements could yield more progress toward successful xenogeneic islet engraftment and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Song
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary W Fitch
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kannan P Samy
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin M Martin
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qimeng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Francis V Leopardi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Niki Huffman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robin Schmitz
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gayathri R Devi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bradley H Collins
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Memtsas VP, Arachchillage DRJ, Gorog DA. Role, Laboratory Assessment and Clinical Relevance of Fibrin, Factor XIII and Endogenous Fibrinolysis in Arterial and Venous Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031472. [PMID: 33540604 PMCID: PMC7867291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, peripheral vascular disease and venous thromboembolism are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways are finely regulated in healthy individuals and dysregulated procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways lead to arterial and venous thrombosis. In this review article, we discuss the (patho)physiological role and laboratory assessment of fibrin, factor XIII and endogenous fibrinolysis, which are key players in the terminal phase of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis. Finally, we present the most up-to-date evidence for their involvement in various disease states and assessment of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios P. Memtsas
- Cardiology Department, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 4AB, UK;
| | - Deepa R. J. Arachchillage
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
- Department of Haematology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Diana A. Gorog
- Cardiology Department, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 4AB, UK;
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-0348841
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18
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Tritten L, Gillis-Germitsch N, Kockmann T, Schnyder M. Quantitative proteomics analysis of Angiostrongylus vasorum-induced alterations in dog serum sheds light on the pathogenesis of canine angiostrongylosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:283. [PMID: 33431914 PMCID: PMC7801463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood contains hundreds of proteins, reflecting ongoing cellular processes and immune reactions. Infections with the blood-dwelling cardiopulmonary nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs manifest with a broad spectrum of clinical signs including respiratory distress, bleeding diathesis and neurological signs, and are associated with a perturbed blood protein profile in dogs. However, current knowledge does not completely explain the observed pathologies induced by A. vasorum infections, including bleeding disorders. Using sera from experimentally infected dogs, dog serum proteome was analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry methods over several time points before and after inoculation. Following computational analysis, we identified 139 up- and downregulated proteins after infection (log2 ratio cut-off ≥ 1.0; q-value ≤ 0.05). Among upregulated proteins were chitinase 3-like 1 and pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B (log2 fold-changes ≥ 5). Pathway enrichment revealed the complement (especially the lectin pathway) and coagulation cascades as significantly affected upon analysis of downregulated proteins. Among them were mannan-binding lectin serine peptidases, ficolin, and coagulation factor XIII-B. These results bring new elements towards understanding the underlying pathomechanisms of bleeding diatheses observed in some A. vasorum-infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Tritten
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nina Gillis-Germitsch
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/UZH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Schnyder
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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F13A1 transglutaminase expression in human adipose tissue increases in acquired excess weight and associates with inflammatory status of adipocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:577-587. [PMID: 33221826 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE F13A1/FXIII-A transglutaminase has been linked to adipogenesis in cells and to obesity in humans and mice, however, its role and associated molecular pathways in human acquired excess weight have not been explored. METHODS We examined F13A1 expression and association to human weight gain in weight-discordant monozygotic twins (Heavy-Lean difference (ΔWeight, 16.8 kg ± 7.16 for n = 12). The twin pairs were examined for body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), abdominal body fat distribution (by magnetic resonance imaging), liver fat content (by magnetic resonance spectroscopy), circulating adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, as well as serum lipids. Affymetrix full transcriptome mRNA analysis was performed from adipose tissue and adipocyte-enriched fractions from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies. F13A1 differential expression between the heavy and lean co-twins was examined and its correlation transcriptome changes between co-twins were performed. RESULTS F13A1 mRNA showed significant increase in adipose tissue (p < 0.0001) and an adipocyte-enriched fraction (p = 0.0012) of the heavier co-twin. F13A1 differential expression in adipose tissue (Heavy-Lean ΔF13A1) showed significant negative correlation with circulating adiponectin (p = 0.0195) and a positive correlation with ΔWeight (p = 0.034), ΔBodyFat (0.044) and ΔAdipocyte size (volume, p = 0.012;) in adipocyte-enriched fraction. A whole transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) on ΔF13A1 vs weight-correlated ΔTranscriptome identified 182 F13A1-associated genes (r > 0.7, p = 0.05) with functions in several biological pathways including cell stress, inflammatory response, activation of cells/leukocytes, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. F13A1 did not associate with liver fat accumulation. CONCLUSIONS F13A1 levels in adipose tissue increase with acquired excess weight and associate with pro-inflammatory, cell stress and tissue remodeling pathways. This supports its role in expansion and inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity.
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20
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Al-Horani RA, Kar S. Factor XIIIa inhibitors as potential novel drugs for venous thromboembolism. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112442. [PMID: 32502864 PMCID: PMC7513741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) is a multifunctional transglutaminase with a significant role in hemostasis. FXIIIa catalyzes the last step in the coagulation process. It stabilizes the blood clot by cross-linking the α- and γ-chains of fibrin. It also protects the newly formed clot from plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis, primarily by cross-linking α2-antiplasmin to fibrin. Furthermore, FXIIIa is a major determinant of clot size and clot's red blood cells content. Therefore, inhibitors targeting FXIIIa have been considered to develop a new generation of anticoagulants to prevent and/or treat venous thromboembolism. Several inhibitors of FXIIIa have been discovered or designed including active site and allosteric site small molecule inhibitors as well as natural and modified polypeptides. This work reviews the structural, biochemical, and pharmacological aspects of FXIIIa inhibitors so as to advance their molecular design to become more clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Srabani Kar
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
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21
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Stieler M, Büchold C, Schmitt M, Heine A, Hils M, Pasternack R, Klebe G. Structure-Based Design of FXIIIa-Blockers: Addressing a Transient Hydrophobic Pocket in the Active Site of FXIIIa. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:900-905. [PMID: 32181986 PMCID: PMC7317430 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII, F13) is considered to be a promising target for anticoagulants with reduced bleeding risk because of its unique position in the coagulation cascade downstream of thrombin. However, until now, no potent drug addressing FXIII has been available, indeed no compound has even entered clinical trials yet. In 2013, we published the co-crystal structure of FXIII in the active state (FXIIIa°), thereby providing a detailed map of the active site for the rational design of potent FXIIIa blockers. Here we report, for the first time, a structure-based approach to improving the affinity of FXIIIa inhibitors. FXIII was crystallized in complex with a methyl thiazole moiety to address a novel transient hydrophobic pocket close to the catalytic center. By subsequent structure-based design to rationalize the introduction of an ethyl ester, the potency of the inhibitor was improved significantly compared to that of the parent lead compound. The occupancy of the hydrophobic pocket described here might turn out to be a key step in the development of a potent reversible and orally available FXIIIa blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stieler
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps-UniversitätMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | | | | | - Andreas Heine
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps-UniversitätMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Martin Hils
- Zedira GmbH Roesslerstrasse 8364293DarmstadtGermany
| | | | - Gerhard Klebe
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps-UniversitätMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
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22
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Sandmark J, Tigerström A, Akerud T, Althage M, Antonsson T, Blaho S, Bodin C, Boström J, Chen Y, Dahlén A, Eriksson PO, Evertsson E, Fex T, Fjellström O, Gustafsson D, Herslöf M, Hicks R, Jarkvist E, Johansson C, Kalies I, Karlsson Svalstedt B, Kartberg F, Legnehed A, Martinsson S, Moberg A, Ridderström M, Rosengren B, Sabirsh A, Thelin A, Vinblad J, Wellner AU, Xu B, Östlund-Lindqvist AM, Knecht W. Identification and analyses of inhibitors targeting apolipoprotein(a) kringle domains KIV-7, KIV-10, and KV provide insight into kringle domain function. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5136-5151. [PMID: 32132173 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Lp(a) is composed of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) covalently bound to apolipoprotein B of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Many of apo(a)'s potential pathological properties, such as inhibition of plasmin generation, have been attributed to its main structural domains, the kringles, and have been proposed to be mediated by their lysine-binding sites. However, available small-molecule inhibitors, such as lysine analogs, bind unselectively to kringle domains and are therefore unsuitable for functional characterization of specific kringle domains. Here, we discovered small molecules that specifically bind to the apo(a) kringle domains KIV-7, KIV-10, and KV. Chemical synthesis yielded compound AZ-05, which bound to KIV-10 with a Kd of 0.8 μm and exhibited more than 100-fold selectivity for KIV-10, compared with the other kringle domains tested, including plasminogen kringle 1. To better understand and further improve ligand selectivity, we determined the crystal structures of KIV-7, KIV-10, and KV in complex with small-molecule ligands at 1.6-2.1 Å resolutions. Furthermore, we used these small molecules as chemical probes to characterize the roles of the different apo(a) kringle domains in in vitro assays. These assays revealed the assembly of Lp(a) from apo(a) and LDL, as well as potential pathophysiological mechanisms of Lp(a), including (i) binding to fibrin, (ii) stimulation of smooth-muscle cell proliferation, and (iii) stimulation of LDL uptake into differentiated monocytes. Our results indicate that a small-molecule inhibitor targeting the lysine-binding site of KIV-10 can combat the pathophysiological effects of Lp(a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sandmark
- Structure, Biophysics and Fragment-Based Lead Generation, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Tigerström
- Precision Medicine BioPharmaceuticals, Precision Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Akerud
- Structure, Biophysics and Fragment-Based Lead Generation, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Althage
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Early CVRM Biopharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Antonsson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Blaho
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cristian Bodin
- Structure, Biophysics and Fragment-Based Lead Generation, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Boström
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yantao Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Dahlén
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Eriksson
- Structure, Biophysics and Fragment-Based Lead Generation, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Evertsson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Fex
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Fjellström
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Gustafsson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Herslöf
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emelie Jarkvist
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Johansson
- Structure, Biophysics and Fragment-Based Lead Generation, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inge Kalies
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Karlsson Svalstedt
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Kartberg
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Legnehed
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Martinsson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Moberg
- Structure, Biophysics and Fragment-Based Lead Generation, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Ridderström
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Rosengren
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alan Sabirsh
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Thelin
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Vinblad
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika U Wellner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Östlund-Lindqvist
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Tatsukawa H, Takeuchi T, Shinoda Y, Hitomi K. Identification and characterization of substrates crosslinked by transglutaminases in liver and kidney fibrosis. Anal Biochem 2020; 604:113629. [PMID: 32061735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transglutaminase (TGase) family consists of eight isozymes that catalyze Ca2+-dependent crosslink formation between glutamine and lysine residues of proteins. In the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, among the TGase isozymes, TG2 in particular is upregulated and contributes to a critical role in fibrosis development and progression via the stabilization of extracellular matrix proteins and activation of TGF-β. Although TG2 has been considered a key enzyme in fibrosis, the causative role of TG2 and involvement of other isozymes remain unclear. We have recently developed a comprehensive analysis method targeting the isozyme-specific substrates of TGase in liver and kidney fibrosis. In this review article, we introduce a previously developed method for determining the activity and tissue distribution of TGase and for the detecting and identification of TGase substrates in an isozyme-specific manner. Using our comprehensive analysis method, we newly characterized the overlapping profile data regarding potential substrates of TG1 and TG2 that have been identified in liver and kidney fibrosis to date. Our results obtained by comparing the specificity and similarity of potential TGase substrates between different tissue fibrosis models provide a deeper understanding regarding the specific and common pathways in disease pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tatsukawa
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Taishu Takeuchi
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shinoda
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Singh S, Akhter MS, Dodt J, Volkers P, Reuter A, Reinhart C, Krettler C, Oldenburg J, Biswas A. Identification of Potential Novel Interacting Partners for Coagulation Factor XIII B (FXIII-B) Subunit, a Protein Associated with a Rare Bleeding Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112682. [PMID: 31159152 PMCID: PMC6600159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is a plasma-circulating heterotetrameric pro-transglutaminase complex that is composed of two catalytic FXIII-A and two protective/regulatory FXIII-B subunits. FXIII acts by forming covalent cross-links within a preformed fibrin clots to prevent its premature fibrinolysis. The FXIII-A subunit is known to have pleiotropic roles outside coagulation, but the FXIII-B subunit is a relatively unexplored entity, both structurally as well as functionally. Its discovered roles so far are limited to that of the carrier/regulatory protein of its partner FXIII-A subunit. In the present study, we have explored the co-presence of protein excipients in commercial FXIII plasma concentrate FibrogamminP by combination of protein purification and mass spectrometry-based verification. Complement factor H was one of the co-excipients observed in this analysis. This was followed by performing pull down assays from plasma in order to detect the putative novel interacting partners for the FXIII-B subunit. Complement system proteins, like complement C3 and complement C1q, were amongst the proteins that were pulled down. The only protein that was observed in both experimental set ups was alpha-2-macroglobulin, which might therefore be a putative interacting partner of the FXIII/FXIII-B subunit. Future functional investigations will be needed to understand the physiological significance of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Suhail Akhter
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, 82911 Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | - Christoph Reinhart
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysics, Max-Von Laue Str 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Christoph Krettler
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysics, Max-Von Laue Str 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Stachowicz A, Zabczyk M, Natorska J, Suski M, Olszanecki R, Korbut R, Wiśniewski JR, Undas A. Differences in plasma fibrin clot composition in patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome compared with venous thromboembolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17301. [PMID: 30470809 PMCID: PMC6251889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype has been reported in patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Protein composition of plasma fibrin clots in APS has not been studied. We evaluated 23 patients with thrombotic APS, 19 with VTE alone, and 20 well-matched controls. A proteomic analysis of fibrin clots generated from citrated plasma was based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma levels of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), apolipoprotein(a), A-I, and B-100, complement components (C)3a, C5b-C9, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), and prothrombin were evaluated using immunoenzymatic tests. In plasma fibrin clots of APS patients, compared with VTE subjects and controls, we identified decreased amounts of (pro)thrombin, antithrombin-III, apolipoprotein A-I, and HRG with no differences in plasma levels of antithrombin, prothrombin, along with lower plasma HRG and apolipoprotein A-I. In APS patients, plasma HRG positively correlated with amounts of clot-bound HRG, while apolipoprotein A-I was inversely associated with clot-bound levels of this protein. The most predominant proteins within the clots of APS patients were bone marrow proteoglycan, C5-C9, immunoglobulins, apolipoprotein B-100, platelet-derived proteins, and TSP1. Our study is the first to demonstrate differences in the protein composition of fibrin clots generated from plasma of thrombotic APS patients versus those with VTE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michal Zabczyk
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Natorska
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Krakow Center for Medical Research and Technology, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Korbut
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek R Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. .,Krakow Center for Medical Research and Technology, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
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Junkunlo K, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. Transglutaminase inhibition stimulates hematopoiesis and reduces aggressive behavior of crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:708-715. [PMID: 30425101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TGase) is a Ca2+-dependent cross-linking enzyme, which has both enzymatic and nonenzymatic properties. TGase is involved in several cellular activities, including adhesion, migration, survival, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. In this study, we focused on the role of the TGase enzyme in controlling hematopoiesis in the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus We hypothesized that a high TGase activity could mediate an interaction of progenitor cells with the ECM to maintain cells in an undifferentiated stage in the hematopoietic tissue (HPT). We found here that the reversible inhibitor cystamine decreases the enzymatic activity of TGase from crayfish HPT, as well as from guinea pig, in a concentration-dependent manner. Cystamine injection decreased TGase activity in HPT without affecting production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the decrease in TGase activity in the HPT increased the number of circulating hemocytes. Interestingly the cystamine-mediated TGase inhibition reduced aggressive behavior and movement in crayfish. In conclusion, we show that cystamine-mediated TGase inhibition directly releases HPT progenitor cells from the HPT into the peripheral circulation in the hemolymph and strongly reduces aggressive behavior in crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingkamon Junkunlo
- From the Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- the Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- the Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
The conjugation of biomolecules can impart materials with the bioactivity necessary to modulate specific cell behaviors. While the biological roles of particular polypeptide, oligonucleotide, and glycan structures have been extensively reviewed, along with the influence of attachment on material structure and function, the key role played by the conjugation strategy in determining activity is often overlooked. In this review, we focus on the chemistry of biomolecule conjugation and provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies for achieving controlled biomaterial functionalization. No universal method exists to provide optimal attachment, and here we will discuss both the relative advantages and disadvantages of each technique. In doing so, we highlight the importance of carefully considering the impact and suitability of a particular technique during biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Spicer
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Thomas Pashuck
- NJ
Centre for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey United States
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom
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Isozyme-specific comprehensive characterization of transglutaminase-crosslinked substrates in kidney fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7306. [PMID: 29743665 PMCID: PMC5943318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is characterized by prolonged decline in renal function, excessive accumulation of ECM, and progressive tissue fibrosis. Transglutaminase (TG) is a crosslinking enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between glutamine and lysine residues, and is involved in the induction of renal fibrosis via the stabilization of ECM and the activation of TGF-β1. Despite the accumulating evidences indicating that TG2 is a key enzyme in fibrosis, genetic knockout of TG2 reduced by only 50% the elevated protein crosslinking and fibrous protein in renal fibrosis model, whereas treatment with TG inhibitor almost completely reduced these levels. Here, we also clarified the distributions of TG isozymes and their in situ activities and identified the isozyme-specific crosslinked substrates for both TG1 and TG2 in fibrotic kidney. We found that TG1 activity was markedly enhanced in renal tubular epithelium and interstitial areas, whereas TG2 activity increased only in the extracellular space. In total, 47 and 67 possible candidates were identified as TG1 and TG2 substrates, respectively, only in fibrotic kidney. Among them, several possible substrates related to renal disease and fibrosis were identified. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of renal fibrosis through the targeting of isozyme-specific TG substrates.
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Braun AC, Gutmann M, Lühmann T, Meinel L. Bioorthogonal strategies for site-directed decoration of biomaterials with therapeutic proteins. J Control Release 2018; 273:68-85. [PMID: 29360478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging strategies targeting site-specific protein modifications allow for unprecedented selectivity, fast kinetics and mild reaction conditions with high yield. These advances open exciting novel possibilities for the effective bioorthogonal decoration of biomaterials with therapeutic proteins. Site-specificity is particularly important to the therapeutics' end and translated by targeting specific functional groups or introducing new functional groups into the therapeutic at predefined positions. Biomimetic strategies are designed for modification of therapeutics emulating enzymatic strategies found in Nature. These strategies are suitable for a diverse range of applications - not only for protein-polymer conjugation, particle decoration and surface immobilization, but also for the decoration of complex biomaterials and the synthesis of bioresponsive drug delivery systems. This article reviews latest chemical and enzymatic strategies for the biorthogonal decoration of biomaterials with therapeutic proteins and inter-positioned linker structures. Finally, the numerous reports at the interface of biomaterials, linkers, and therapeutic protein decoration are integrated into practical advice for design considerations intended to support the selection of productive ligation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Braun
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Hickman DA, Pawlowski CL, Sekhon UDS, Marks J, Gupta AS. Biomaterials and Advanced Technologies for Hemostatic Management of Bleeding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:10.1002/adma.201700859. [PMID: 29164804 PMCID: PMC5831165 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding complications arising from trauma, surgery, and as congenital, disease-associated, or drug-induced blood disorders can cause significant morbidities and mortalities in civilian and military populations. Therefore, stoppage of bleeding (hemostasis) is of paramount clinical significance in prophylactic, surgical, and emergency scenarios. For externally accessible injuries, a variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials have undergone robust research, leading to hemostatic technologies including glues, bandages, tamponades, tourniquets, dressings, and procoagulant powders. In contrast, treatment of internal noncompressible hemorrhage still heavily depends on transfusion of whole blood or blood's hemostatic components (platelets, fibrinogen, and coagulation factors). Transfusion of platelets poses significant challenges of limited availability, high cost, contamination risks, short shelf-life, low portability, performance variability, and immunological side effects, while use of fibrinogen or coagulation factors provides only partial mechanisms for hemostasis. With such considerations, significant interdisciplinary research endeavors have been focused on developing materials and technologies that can be manufactured conveniently, sterilized to minimize contamination and enhance shelf-life, and administered intravenously to mimic, leverage, and amplify physiological hemostatic mechanisms. Here, a comprehensive review regarding the various topical, intracavitary, and intravenous hemostatic technologies in terms of materials, mechanisms, and state-of-art is provided, and challenges and opportunities to help advancement of the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaShawn A Hickman
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Christa L Pawlowski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Ujjal D S Sekhon
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Joyann Marks
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Smeets MWJ, Mourik MJ, Niessen HWM, Hordijk PL. Stasis Promotes Erythrocyte Adhesion to von Willebrand Factor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1618-1627. [PMID: 28775074 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Venous thromboembolism is a major contributor to global disease burden. Leukocytes and platelets initiate thrombogenesis on blood stasis and initiate the formation of a fibrin, VWF (von Willebrand factor), and neutrophil extracellular trap scaffold for erythrocytes. However, there is little knowledge on how erythrocytes become stably incorporated into this scaffold. Recently, we described the adhesion of calcium-loaded erythrocytes to endothelial-derived VWF strings. Because VWF is part of the scaffold of venous thrombi, we questioned whether reduced flow or stasis promotes the adhesion of normal erythrocytes to VWF and whether venous thrombi show evidence of erythrocyte-VWF interactions. APPROACH AND RESULTS In the present work, we perfused, under controlled shear conditions, washed, normal erythrocytes over surface-immobilized plasma and extracellular matrix proteins and showed that normal erythrocytes specifically bind to VWF. The interaction between erythrocytes and VWF significantly increased when the wall shear stress was reduced. Next, we investigated whether erythrocyte-VWF interactions support the structure of venous thrombi. High-resolution immunofluorescence imaging of human venous thrombi showed a striking pattern between erythrocytes, VWF, and fibrin, which suggests that VWF plays a supporting role, linking erythrocytes to fibrin in the thrombus. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that erythrocyte retention in venous thrombi is mediated by erythrocyte-VWF or erythrocyte-VWF-fibrin interactions. Targeting erythrocyte retention could be a new strategy in the treatment or prevention of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel W J Smeets
- From the Departments of Molecular Cell Biology (M.W.J.S., P.L.H.) and Plasma Proteins (M.J.M.), Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU (H.W.M.N.) and Department of Physiology (P.L.H.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjon J Mourik
- From the Departments of Molecular Cell Biology (M.W.J.S., P.L.H.) and Plasma Proteins (M.J.M.), Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU (H.W.M.N.) and Department of Physiology (P.L.H.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- From the Departments of Molecular Cell Biology (M.W.J.S., P.L.H.) and Plasma Proteins (M.J.M.), Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU (H.W.M.N.) and Department of Physiology (P.L.H.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- From the Departments of Molecular Cell Biology (M.W.J.S., P.L.H.) and Plasma Proteins (M.J.M.), Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU (H.W.M.N.) and Department of Physiology (P.L.H.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Inhibition of Fibrinolysis by Coagulation Factor XIII. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1209676. [PMID: 28761875 PMCID: PMC5518539 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1209676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) on fibrinolysis has been studied for at least 50 years. Our insight into the underlying mechanisms has improved considerably, aided in particular by the discovery that activated FXIII cross-links α2-antiplasmin (α2AP) to fibrin. In this review, the most important effects of different cross-linking reactions on fibrinolysis are summarized. A distinction is made between fibrin-fibrin cross-links studied in purified systems and fibrin-α2AP cross-links studied in plasma or whole blood systems. While the formation of γ chain dimers in fibrin does not affect clot lysis, the formation of α chain polymers has a weak inhibitory effect. Only strong cross-linking of fibrin, associated with high molecular weight α chain polymers and/or γ chain multimers, results in a moderate inhibition fibrinolysis. The formation of fibrin-α2AP cross-links has only a weak effect on clot lysis, but this effect becomes strong when clot retraction occurs. Under these conditions, FXIII prevents α2AP being expelled from the clot and makes the clot relatively resistant to degradation by plasmin.
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Lv F, Cong X, Tang W, Han Y, Tang Y, Liu Y, Su L, Liu M, Jin M, Yi Z. Novel hemostatic agents based on gelatin-microbial transglutaminase mix. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:397-403. [PMID: 28321657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-9019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis is a major challenge in surgical procedures and traumas. Conventional hemostatic methods have limited efficacy and may cause additional tissue damage. In this study, we designed a novel hemostatic agent based on the in situ gel formation of gelatin cross-linked by a novel microbial transglutaminase (mTGase), in which the amino acid sequences differed from commercial mTGases. The new hemostatic agent showed the same biochemical crosslinking chemistry as the final stages of the blood coagulation cascade while using gelatin as a "structural" protein (rather than fibrin) and a calcium-independent mTGase as the crosslinking catalyst (rather than factor XIIIa). In rat liver hemostasis models, the hemostatic agent not only showed a similar hemostatic effect as that of SURGIFLO® (positive control), but also stronger adhesion strength and elasticity than SURGIFLO®. Therefore, this biomimetic gelatin-mTGase mix hemostatic is a novel and effective surgical sealant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaonan Cong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenshu Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yiming Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yongrui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Liqiang Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingfei Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Abstract
Objective: To provide a comprehensive literature review on roles of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) in coagulation, wound healing, neoplasm, bone metabolism, and pregnancy. Data Sources: All articles in PubMed with key words Coagulation factor XIII, wound, leukemia, tumor, bone, and pregnancy with published date from 2001 to 2016 were included in the study. Frequently cited publications before 2000 were also included. Study Selection: We reviewed the role of FXIII in biologic processes as documented in clinical, animal, and in vitro studies. Results: FXIII, a member of the transglutaminase (TG) family, plays key roles in various biological processes. Besides its well-known function in coagulation, the cross-linking of small molecules catalyzed by FXIII has been found in studies to help promote wound healing, improve bone metabolism, and prevent miscarriages. The study has also shown that FXIII concentration level differs in the blood of patients with leukemia and solid tumors and offers promises as a diagnostic indicator. Conclusions: FXIII has many more biologic functions besides being known as coagulation factor. The TG activity of FXIII contributes to several processes, including wound healing, bone extracellular matrix stabilization, and the interaction between embryo and decidua of uterus. Further research is needed to elucidate the link between FXIII and leukemia and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yu Shi
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shu-Jie Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Abstract
Arterial and venous thromboses are major contributors to coagulation-associated morbidity and mortality. Greater understanding of mechanisms leading to thrombus formation and stability is expected to lead to improved treatment strategies. Factor XIII (FXIII) is a transglutaminase found in plasma and platelets. During thrombosis, activated FXIII cross-links fibrin and promotes thrombus stability. Recent studies have provided new information about FXIII activity during coagulation and its effects on clot composition and function. These findings reveal newly-recognized roles for FXIII in thrombosis. Herein, we review published literature on FXIII biology and effects on fibrin structure and stability, epidemiologic data associating FXIII with thrombosis, and evidence from animal models indicating FXIII has an essential role in determining thrombus stability, composition, and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Byrnes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Wang ZJ, Liu XH, Jin L, Pu DY, Huang J, Zhang YG. Transcriptome profiling analysis of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) gills after waterborne cadmium exposure. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 19:120-128. [PMID: 27292131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is a widely used experimental fish in risk assessments of aquatic pollutants in China. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals in the world; however, few studies have used fish gills, a multi-functional organ. In this study, we characterized the differential expression of adult female rare minnow gills after sub-chronic waterborne Cd (75μg/L CdCl2) exposure for 35d. A total of 452 genes (209 up-regulated and 243 down-regulated) were identified by gene expression profiling using RNA-Seq before and after treatment. Of these differentially expressed genes, 75, 21, and 54 differentially expressed genes are related to ion transport, oxidation-reduction processes, and the immune response, respectively. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, together with the altered transcript levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules and the significant increases in the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL1β) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), indicated a disruption of the immune system, particularly the induction of inflammation and autoimmunity. The significant down-regulation of coagulation factor XIII A1 polypeptide (F13A1), tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), and Golgi-associated plant pathogenesis-related protein (GAPr) during both acute (≤96h) and sub-chronic (35d) waterborne Cd exposure, as well as their dosage dependence, suggested that these three genes could be used as sensitive biomarkers for aquatic Cd risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - De-Yong Pu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Yao-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University School of Life Sciences, 400715 Chongqing, China.
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Ranking reactive glutamines in the fibrinogen αC region that are targeted by blood coagulant factor XIII. Blood 2016; 127:2241-8. [PMID: 26951791 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-672303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) introduces covalent γ-glutamyl-ε-lysyl crosslinks into the blood clot network. These crosslinks involve both the γ and α chains of fibrin. The C-terminal portion of the fibrin α chain extends into the αC region (210-610). Crosslinks within this region help generate a stiffer clot, which is more resistant to fibrinolysis. Fibrinogen αC (233-425) contains a binding site for FXIIIa and three glutamines Q237, Q328, and Q366 that each participate in physiological crosslinking reactions. Although these glutamines were previously identified, their reactivities toward FXIIIa have not been ranked. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods were thus used to directly characterize these three glutamines and probe for sources of FXIIIa substrate specificity. Glycine ethyl ester (GEE) and ammonium chloride served as replacements for lysine. Mass spectrometry and 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR revealed that Q237 is rapidly crosslinked first by FXIIIa followed by Q366 and Q328. Both (15)NH4Cl and (15)N-GEE could be crosslinked to the three glutamines in αC (233-425) with a similar order of reactivity as observed with the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry assay. NMR studies using the single αC mutants Q237N, Q328N, and Q366N demonstrated that no glutamine is dependent on another to react first in the series. Moreover, the remaining two glutamines of each mutant were both still reactive. Further characterization of Q237, Q328, and Q366 is important because they are located in a fibrinogen region susceptible to physiological truncations and mutation. The current results suggest that these glutamines play distinct roles in fibrin crosslinking and clot architecture.
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Sanggaard KW, Dyrlund TF, Bechsgaard JS, Scavenius C, Wang T, Bilde T, Enghild JJ. The spider hemolymph clot proteome reveals high concentrations of hemocyanin and von Willebrand factor-like proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:233-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mattheij NJA, Swieringa F, Mastenbroek TG, Berny-Lang MA, May F, Baaten CCFMJ, van der Meijden PEJ, Henskens YMC, Beckers EAM, Suylen DPL, Nolte MW, Hackeng TM, McCarty OJT, Heemskerk JWM, Cosemans JMEM. Coated platelets function in platelet-dependent fibrin formation via integrin αIIbβ3 and transglutaminase factor XIII. Haematologica 2015; 101:427-36. [PMID: 26721892 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.131441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coated platelets, formed by collagen and thrombin activation, have been characterized in different ways: i) by the formation of a protein coat of α-granular proteins; ii) by exposure of procoagulant phosphatidylserine; or iii) by high fibrinogen binding. Yet, their functional role has remained unclear. Here we used a novel transglutaminase probe, Rhod-A14, to identify a subpopulation of platelets with a cross-linked protein coat, and compared this with other platelet subpopulations using a panel of functional assays. Platelet stimulation with convulxin/thrombin resulted in initial integrin α(IIb)β3 activation, the appearance of a platelet population with high fibrinogen binding, (independently of active integrins, but dependent on the presence of thrombin) followed by phosphatidylserine exposure and binding of coagulation factors Va and Xa. A subpopulation of phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets bound Rhod-A14 both in suspension and in thrombi generated on a collagen surface. In suspension, high fibrinogen and Rhod-A14 binding were antagonized by combined inhibition of transglutaminase activity and integrin α(IIb)β3 Markedly, in thrombi from mice deficient in transglutaminase factor XIII, platelet-driven fibrin formation and Rhod-A14 binding were abolished by blockage of integrin α(IIb)β3. Vice versa, star-like fibrin formation from platelets of a patient with deficiency in α(IIb)β3(Glanzmann thrombasthenia) was abolished upon blockage of transglutaminase activity. We conclude that coated platelets, with initial α(IIb)β3 activation and high fibrinogen binding, form a subpopulation of phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets, and function in platelet-dependent star-like fibrin fiber formation via transglutaminase factor XIII and integrin α(IIb)β3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine J A Mattheij
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Swieringa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Tom G Mastenbroek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle A Berny-Lang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Constance C F M J Baaten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Paola E J van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M C Henskens
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A M Beckers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis P L Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Factor XIIIa-dependent retention of red blood cells in clots is mediated by fibrin α-chain crosslinking. Blood 2015; 126:1940-8. [PMID: 26324704 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-652263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Factor XIII(a) [FXIII(a)] stabilizes clots and increases resistance to fibrinolysis and mechanical disruption. FXIIIa also mediates red blood cell (RBC) retention in contracting clots and determines venous thrombus size, suggesting FXIII(a) is a potential target for reducing thrombosis. However, the mechanism by which FXIIIa retains RBCs in clots is unknown. We determined the effect of FXIII(a) on human and murine clot weight and composition. Real-time microscopy revealed extensive RBC loss from clots formed in the absence of FXIIIa activity, and RBCs exhibited transient deformation as they exited the clots. Fibrin band-shift assays and flow cytometry did not reveal crosslinking of fibrin or FXIIIa substrates to RBCs, suggesting FXIIIa does not crosslink RBCs directly to the clot. RBCs were retained in clots from mice deficient in α2-antiplasmin, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, or fibronectin, indicating RBC retention does not depend on these FXIIIa substrates. RBC retention in clots was positively correlated with fibrin network density; however, FXIIIa inhibition reduced RBC retention at all network densities. FXIIIa inhibition reduced RBC retention in clots formed with fibrinogen that lacks γ-chain crosslinking sites, but not in clots that lack α-chain crosslinking sites. Moreover, FXIIIa inhibitor concentrations that primarily block α-, but not γ-, chain crosslinking decreased RBC retention in clots. These data indicate FXIIIa-dependent retention of RBCs in clots is mediated by fibrin α-chain crosslinking. These findings expose a newly recognized, essential role for fibrin crosslinking during whole blood clot formation and consolidation and establish FXIIIa activity as a key determinant of thrombus composition and size.
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Shotgun analysis of plasma fibrin clot-bound proteins in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Res 2015; 135:754-9. [PMID: 25686879 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence and amount of the proteins within a plasma clot may influence clot properties, like susceptibility to fibrinolysis, however, the clot proteome has not yet been extensively described. The aim of the study was to investigate the protein composition of clots of four patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in two time points: in the acute ischemic phase and two months later during the standard therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Shotgun proteomic method (2DLC-MS/MS) was used to investigate time-dependent protein composition changes of clots prepared ex vivo from citrated plasma of the peripheral blood of patients with AMI. RESULTS Proteomic analysis revealed a total number of 62 proteins identified in all 8 samples grouping into several distinct functional clusters (e.g. cholesterol transporter activity, immunoglobulin binding and peptidase regulatory activity). The protein signatures of clots differed significantly depending on time after ACS, showing 30% greater variability in protein composition of the clots prepared in the plasma two months after the onset of AMI. Several proteins potentially involved in clot formation and resolution showed an interesting pattern of changes over time. CONCLUSION We provided the first qualitative analysis of proteomes of fibrin clots generated ex vivo in plasma taken from patients with AMI showing differences between clots generated in the acute ischemic phase and those prepared two months later. It might be hypothesized that differences involving proteins of potential influence on within-clot fibrinolysis and clot stability may partially explain time-dependent changes in the clots structure and firmness in patients with AMI.
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Evaluating factor XIII specificity for glutamine-containing substrates using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay. Anal Biochem 2014; 457:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Aleman MM, Byrnes JR, Wang JG, Tran R, Lam WA, Di Paola J, Mackman N, Degen JL, Flick MJ, Wolberg AS. Factor XIII activity mediates red blood cell retention in venous thrombi. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3590-600. [PMID: 24983320 DOI: 10.1172/jci75386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thrombi, fibrin- and rbc-rich clots triggered by inflammation and blood stasis, underlie devastating, and sometimes fatal, occlusive events. During intravascular fibrin deposition, rbc are thought to become passively trapped in thrombi and therefore have not been considered a modifiable thrombus component. In the present study, we determined that activity of the transglutaminase factor XIII (FXIII) is critical for rbc retention within clots and directly affects thrombus size. Compared with WT mice, mice carrying a homozygous mutation in the fibrinogen γ chain (Fibγ390-396A) had a striking 50% reduction in thrombus weight due to reduced rbc content. Fibrinogen from mice harboring the Fibγ390-396A mutation exhibited reduced binding to FXIII, and plasma from these mice exhibited delayed FXIII activation and fibrin crosslinking, indicating these residues mediate FXIII binding and activation. FXIII-deficient mice phenocopied mice carrying Fibγ390-396A and produced smaller thrombi with fewer rbc than WT mice. Importantly, FXIII-deficient human clots also exhibited reduced rbc retention. The addition of FXIII to FXIII-deficient clots increased rbc retention, while inhibition of FXIII activity in normal blood reduced rbc retention and produced smaller clots. These findings establish the FXIII-fibrinogen axis as a central determinant in venous thrombogenesis and identify FXIII as a potential therapeutic target for limiting venous thrombosis.
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