1
|
Yu Q, Ding J, Li S, Li Y. Autophagy in cancer immunotherapy: Perspective on immune evasion and cell death interactions. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216856. [PMID: 38583651 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Both the innate and adaptive immune systems work together to produce immunity. Cancer immunotherapy is a novel approach to tumor suppression that has arisen in response to the ineffectiveness of traditional treatments like radiation and chemotherapy. On the other hand, immune evasion can diminish immunotherapy's efficacy. There has been a lot of focus in recent years on autophagy and other underlying mechanisms that impact the possibility of cancer immunotherapy. The primary feature of autophagy is the synthesis of autophagosomes, which engulf cytoplasmic components and destroy them by lysosomal degradation. The planned cell death mechanism known as autophagy can have opposite effects on carcinogenesis, either increasing or decreasing it. It is autophagy's job to maintain the balance and proper functioning of immune cells like B cells, T cells, and others. In addition, autophagy controls whether macrophages adopt the immunomodulatory M1 or M2 phenotype. The ability of autophagy to control the innate and adaptive immune systems is noteworthy. Interleukins and chemokines are immunological checkpoint chemicals that autophagy regulates. Reducing antigen presentation to induce immunological tolerance is another mechanism by which autophagy promotes cancer survival. Therefore, targeting autophagy is of importance for enhancing potential of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiajun Ding
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shisen Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu F, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Li Q, Li F, Li J, Lv W, Wang X, Qin Y, Huang C, Zhang S. MyoD1 promotes the transcription of BIK and plays an apoptosis-promoting role in the development of gastric cancer. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:573-587. [PMID: 38701194 PMCID: PMC11135814 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2348344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) 1, which is known as a pivotal transcription factor during myogenesis, has been proven dysregulated in several cancers. However, litter is known about the precise role and downstream genes of MyoD1 in gastric cancer (GC) cells. Here, we report that MyoD1 is lowly expressed in primary GC tissues and cells. In our experiments, overexpression of MyoD1 inhibited cell proliferation. Downstream genes of MyoD1 regulation were investigated using RNA-Seq. As a result, 138 up-regulated genes and 20 down-regulated genes and 27 up-regulated lncRNAs and 20 down-regulated lncRNAs were identified in MyoD1 overexpressed MKN-45 cells, which participated in epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis (keratan sulfate), notch signaling pathway, and others. Among these genes, BIK was directly regulated by MyoD1 in GC cells and inhibited cancer cell proliferation. The BIK knockdown rescued the effects of MyoD1 overexpression on GC cells. In conclusion, MyoD1 inhibited cell proliferation via 158 genes and 47 lncRNAs downstream directly or indirectly that participated in multiple signaling pathways in GC, and among these, MyoD1 promotes BIK transcription by binding to its promoter, then promotes BIK-Bcl2-caspase 3 axis and regulates GC cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Biomedical Experiment Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Li
- Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Biomedical Experiment Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yannan Qin
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohany KM, Abdel Shakour AB, Mohamed SI, Hanna RS, Nassar AY. Cytotoxic n-Hexane Fraction of the Egyptian Pteris vittata Functions as Anti-breast Cancer Through Coordinated Actions on Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6927-6941. [PMID: 36951939 PMCID: PMC10643356 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the possible anticancer mechanisms of Pteris vittata [PV] n-hexane extract on MCF-7 [breast cancer cell line]. Cultured cell lines were treated with various concentrations of this extract ± Baf-A1 [autophagic inhibitor]. Cells' viability, apoptotic markers [caspase-7, Bax, and Bcl-2], autophagic markers [light chain 3 [LC-3] and P62/SQSTM1]], and the tumor suppressor P53 and its mRNA were checked by their corresponding methods. Treated cell lines showed significant concentration and time-dependent reductions in cell viability in response to PV-n-hexane extract and also exhibited a concomitant induction of apoptosis [increased chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and pro-apoptotic Bax, and cleaved caspase-7 levels while decreased Bcl-2 levels] and autophagy [increased autophagosomes vacuoles, and LC3B II levels while decreased P62/SQSTM1 levels]. Moreover, PV-n-hexane extract-treated cells showed significant increases in the P53 and its mRNA levels. The addition of Baf-A1 reversed the PV-n-hexane extract autophagic effects and increased apoptotic cell percentage with a much increase in the cleaved caspase-7 and P53 protein and its mRNA levels. We concluded that the PV-n-hexane extract exhibits cytotoxic effects on the MCF-7 cell line with significant reductions in cell viability and concomitant autophagy and apoptosis induction. Inhibition of autophagy in the PV-treated MCF-7 cells enhances apoptosis via a p35-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Mohany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
| | - Abo Bakr Abdel Shakour
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | | | - Randa Samir Hanna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y Nassar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh S, Rani H, Sharma N, Behl T, Zahoor I, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazm HA, Aleya L. Targeting multifunctional magnetic nanowires for drug delivery in cancer cell death: an emerging paradigm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57219-57235. [PMID: 37010687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, often known as programmed cell death is a mechanism used by numerous species to maintain tissue homeostasis. The process leading to cell death is complicated because it requires the stimulation of caspases. According to several studies, nanowires have important medical benefits, can kill cells by adhering to cancer cells, destroying them, and killing the entire cell using a triple attack that integrates vibration, heat, and drug delivery to trigger apoptosis. The sewage effluents and industrial, fertilizer and organic wastes decomposition can produce elevated levels of chemicals in the environment which may interrupt the cell cycle and activate apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to give a thorough summary of the evidence that is currently available on apoptosis. Current review discussed topics like the morphological and biochemical alterations that occur during apoptosis, as well as the various mechanisms that cause cell death, including the intrinsic (or mitochondrial), extrinsic (or death receptor), and intrinsic endoplasmic reticulum pathway. The apoptosis reduction in cancer development is mediated by (i) an imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, such as members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) family of proteins, tumour protein 53 and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, (ii) a reduction in caspase activity, and (iii) impaired death receptor signalling. This review does an excellent task of outlining the function of nanowires in both apoptosis induction and targeted drug delivery for cancer cells. A comprehensive summary of the relevance of nanowires synthesised for the purpose of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells has been compiled collectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hema Rani
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, 141104, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences &Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Uttarakhand, 248007, Dehradun, India
| | - Ishrat Zahoor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Osterlund EJ, Hirmiz N, Nguyen D, Pemberton JM, Fang Q, Andrews DW. Endoplasmic reticulum protein BIK binds to and inhibits mitochondria-localized antiapoptotic proteins. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102863. [PMID: 36603764 PMCID: PMC9932132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proapoptotic BCL-2 homology (BH3)-only endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein BCL-2 interacting killer (BIK) positively regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, the point of no return in apoptosis. It is generally accepted that BIK functions at a distance from mitochondria by binding and sequestering antiapoptotic proteins at the ER, thereby promoting ER calcium release. Although BIK is predominantly localized to the ER, we detect by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-FRET microscopy, BH3 region-dependent direct binding between BIK and mitochondria-localized chimeric mutants of the antiapoptotic proteins BCL-XL and BCL-2 in both baby mouse kidney (BMK) and MCF-7 cells. Direct binding was accompanied by cell type-specific differential relocalization in response to coexpression of either BIK or one of its target binding partners, BCL-XL, when coexpressed in cells. In BMK cells with genetic deletion of both BAX and BAK (BMK-double KO), our data suggest that a fraction of BIK protein moves toward mitochondria in response to the expression of a mitochondria-localized BCL-XL mutant. In contrast, in MCF-7 cells, our data suggest that BIK is localized at both ER and mitochondria-associated ER membranes and binds to the mitochondria-localized BCL-XL mutant via relocalization of BCL-XL to ER and mitochondria-associated ER membrane. Rather than functioning at a distance, our data suggest that BIK initiates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization via direct interactions with ER and mitochondria-localized antiapoptotic proteins, which occur via ER-mitochondria contact sites, and/or by relocalization of either BIK or antiapoptotic proteins in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Osterlund
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nehad Hirmiz
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dang Nguyen
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M Pemberton
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qiyin Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Chen Y, Yuan Q, Chen L, Dai P, Li X. HRK inhibits colorectal cancer cells proliferation by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1053510. [PMID: 36568155 PMCID: PMC9769574 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1053510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most common malignant tumor, colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to have a high incidence and mortality rate. HRK belongs to the BCL-2 protein family, which has been shown to have antitumor effects in prostate cancer. However, its role in colorectal cancer is not yet known. Methods In this study, we verified the expression levels of HRK in colorectal cancer tissues by public database search as well as immunohistochemistry. Next, we analyzed HRK expression levels in CRC tissues,adjacent non-cancerous tissues, cell lines and normal intestinal epithelial cells by qPCR and Western blotting. CCK-8 proliferation assays, transwell assays, wound healing assays, colony assays and flow cytometry were performed to clarified the effect of HRK on CRC cells. Western blotting and rescue experiments were used to determine the role of HRK in regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Results HRK expression was lower in CRC tissues and cell lines. Gain and loss of function experiments showed that HRK decreased proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells. Low expression of HRK inhibited CRC cell apoptosis as well as activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, rapamycin inhibits the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reverses HRK-induced alterations in cell biological functions. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that HRK is lowly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues. And for the first time, HRK was shown to promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. HRK represents a potential target for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinzi Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiling Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xuenong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang K, Zhou L, Liu F, Lin L, Ju J, Tian P, Liu C, Li X, Chen X, Wang T, Wang F, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Tian J, Wang K. PIWI-Interacting RNA HAAPIR Regulates Cardiomyocyte Death After Myocardial Infarction by Promoting NAT10-Mediated ac 4 C Acetylation of Tfec mRNA. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106058. [PMID: 35138696 PMCID: PMC8922123 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are abundantly expressed in heart. However, their functions and molecular mechanisms during myocardial infarction remain unknown. Here, a heart-apoptosis-associated piRNA (HAAPIR), which regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10)-mediated N4-acetylcytidine (ac4 C) acetylation of transcription factor EC (Tfec) mRNA transcript, is identified. HAAPIR deletion attenuates ischemia/reperfusion induced myocardial infarction and ameliorate cardiac function compared to WT mice. Mechanistically, HAAPIR directly interacts with NAT10 and enhances ac4 C acetylation of Tfec mRNA transcript, which increases Tfec expression. TFEC can further upregulate the transcription of BCL2-interacting killer (Bik), a pro-apoptotic factor, which results in the accumulation of Bik and progression of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The findings reveal that piRNA-mediated ac4 C acetylation mechanism is involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. HAAPIR-NAT10-TFEC-BIK signaling axis can be potential target for the reduction of myocardial injury caused by cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ischemia heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Lu‐Yu Zhou
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center of Diabetic Systems MedicineGuangxi Key Laboratory of Excellenceand Department of AnatomyGuilin Medical UniversityGuilin541004China
| | - Liang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseHeart Failure CenterFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Jie Ju
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Peng‐Chao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseHeart Failure CenterFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Cui‐Yun Liu
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Xin‐Min Li
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Xin‐Zhe Chen
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Shao‐Cong Wang
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseHeart Failure CenterFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Yu‐Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseHeart Failure CenterFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Jin‐Wei Tian
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin150086China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityCollege of MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdao266021China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Das S, Shukla N, Singh SS, Kushwaha S, Shrivastava R. Mechanism of interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in cancer. Apoptosis 2021; 26:512-533. [PMID: 34510317 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of two programmed cell death pathways, autophagy, and apoptosis, are extensively focused areas of research in the context of cancer. Both the catabolic pathways play a significant role in maintaining cellular as well as organismal homeostasis. Autophagy facilitates this by degradation and elimination of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, while apoptosis induces canonical cell death in response to various stimuli. Ideally, both autophagy and apoptosis have a role in tumor suppression, as autophagy helps in eliminating the tumor cells, and apoptosis prevents their survival. However, as cancer proceeds, autophagy exhibits a dual role by enhancing cancer cell survival in response to stress conditions like hypoxia, thereby promoting chemoresistance to the tumor cells. Thus, any inadequacy in either of their levels can lead to tumor progression. A complex array of biomarkers is involved in maintaining coordination between the two by acting as either positive or negative regulators of one or both of these pathways of cell death. The resulting crosstalk between the two and its role in influencing the survival or death of malignant cells makes it quintessential, among other challenges facing chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In view of this, the present review aims to highlight some of the factors involved in maintaining their diaphony and stresses the importance of inhibition of cytoprotective autophagy and deletion of the intermediate pathways involved to facilitate tumor cell death. This will pave the way for future prospects in designing drug combinations facilitating the synergistic effect of autophagy and apoptosis in achieving cancer cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Richa Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Chen K, Huang J, Chu D, Tian M, Huang K, Ma C. Asiatic Acid Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Activates the Grp78/IRE1α/JNK and Calpain Pathways to Inhibit Tongue Cancer Growth. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690612. [PMID: 34122116 PMCID: PMC8187906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) has been shown to induce apoptotic death in a range of cancers, but the mechanisms whereby it can inhibit tongue cancer growth have yet to be clarified. Herein, we explored the effects of AA on tongue cancer cells and found that it induced their apoptotic death in vitro and in vivo, while additionally impairing xenograft tumor growth in vivo. From a mechanistic perspective, AA treatment was associated with increases in levels of calcium and the calcium- dependent protease calpain, and it further induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequent Grp78-related IRE1α and JNK phosphorylation, ultimately driving caspase-3 activation and apoptotic death. Together, these results highlight AA as a promising tool for the therapeutic treatment of tongue cancer in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kan Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Chu
- Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Huang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schormann W, Hariharan S, Andrews DW. A reference library for assigning protein subcellular localizations by image-based machine learning. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133635. [PMID: 31968357 PMCID: PMC7055006 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal micrographs of EGFP fusion proteins localized at key cell organelles in murine and human cells were acquired for use as subcellular localization landmarks. For each of the respective 789,011 and 523,319 optically validated cell images, morphology and statistical features were measured. Machine learning algorithms using these features permit automated assignment of the localization of other proteins and dyes in both cell types with very high accuracy. Automated assignment of subcellular localizations for model tail-anchored proteins with randomly mutated C-terminal targeting sequences allowed the discovery of motifs responsible for targeting to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and the late secretory pathway. Analysis of directed mutants enabled refinement of these motifs and characterization of protein distributions in within cellular subcompartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Schormann
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - David W Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park C, Lim H, Moon SK, Park R. Pyridoxine Preferentially Induces Auditory Neuropathy Through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019; 128:117S-124S. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489419836116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Auditory neuropathy due to toxicity mechanism of pyridoxine has not yet been fully documented. Therefore, the present study explored a direct mechanism underlying the effects of pyridoxine on auditory neuropathy in organ of Corti (OC) explants ex vivo and cochlear neuroblast cell line, VOT-33 in vitro. Methods: Primary OC explants containing spiral ganglion neurons and cultured VOT-33 cells were treated with pyridoxine. Results: In nerve fiber of primary OC explants, pyridoxine decreased staining for NF200, a neuro-cytoskeletal protein. We also found that pyridoxine-induced VOT-33 apoptosis, as indicated by accumulation of the sub-G0/G1 fraction, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage. In addition, pyridoxine induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential transition (MPT), including Bcl-2 family protein expression and consequently Ca2+ accumulation and changes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein expression such as phospho-PERK, caspase-12, Grp78, and CHOP. Conclusion: Pyridoxine preferentially induced severe cell death on nerve fiber in primary OC explants and markedly increased apoptotic cell death via mitochondria-mediated ER stress in VOT-33 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Channy Park
- Laboratory of Peroxisomes & Lipid Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iksan Hospital, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Sung K. Moon
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raekil Park
- Laboratory of Peroxisomes & Lipid Metabolism, Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
García-Aranda M, Pérez-Ruiz E, Redondo M. Bcl-2 Inhibition to Overcome Resistance to Chemo- and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3950. [PMID: 30544835 PMCID: PMC6321604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The identification of novel targets for cancer treatment is an area of intense work that has led Bcl-2 over-expression to be proposed as one of the hallmarks of cancer and Bcl-2 inhibition as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the different pathways related to programmed cell death, the role of Bcl-2 family members in apoptosis resistance to anti-cancer treatments, and the potential utility of Bcl-2 inhibitors to overcome resistance to chemo- and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilina García-Aranda
- Research Unit, REDISSEC, Hospital Costa del Sol, Autovía A-7, km 187, 29603 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Pérez-Ruiz
- Oncology Department, Hospital Costa del Sol, Autovía A-7, km 187, 29603 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Research Unit, REDISSEC, Hospital Costa del Sol, Universidad de Málaga, Autovía A-7 km 187, 29603 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng L, Jing L, Han J, Wang G, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang F, Ma H, Liu Y. MicroRNA 486-3p directly targets BIK and regulates apoptosis and invasion in colorectal cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8791-8801. [PMID: 30584337 PMCID: PMC6287550 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs influence almost every genetic pathway and are involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the biological role of miR486-3p in CRC remains to be elucidated. Methods In this study, miR486-3p expression in CRC cell lines and normal colonic epithelial cells was determined. After miR486-3p mimic, inhibitor, and BIK siRNA transfection, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were examined. Furthermore, the target of miR486-3p was identified by luciferase-reporter assay and underlying molecular mechanisms studied. Results The results revealed that miR486-3p was significantly upregulated in CRC compared with normal colonic epithelial cells, whereas BIK expression was remarkably downregulated in CRC cells. MTT assays demonstrated that suppression of miR486-3p expression reduced CRC cell proliferation, whereas elevated miR486-3p or BIK silencing induced cell proliferation. Wound-healing assays and transwell experiments revealed that both upregulation of miR486-3p and down-regulation of BIK increased CRC cell migration and invasion ability. Moreover, bioinformatic target prediction identified BIK as a putative target of miR486-3p. Knockdown of miR486-3p was shown to upregulate BIK expression, whereas overexpression of miR486-3p suppressed the expression of BIK. Luciferase reporter assay results further confirmed this deduction. Conclusion In conclusion, these findings suggest that miR486-3p is an oncogene in CRC. Gene therapy using miR486-3p inhibition may provide a new clue for CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China,
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China,
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China,
| | - Guiying Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China,
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China,
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China,
| | - Feifei Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Hongqing Ma
- Second Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Yibing Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Global, Survival, and Apoptotic Transcriptome during Mouse and Human Early Embryonic Development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5895628. [PMID: 30515407 PMCID: PMC6236930 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5895628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Survival and cell death signals are crucial for mammalian embryo preimplantation development. However, the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation is still limited. Mouse studies are widely used to understand preimplantation embryo development, but extrapolation of these results to humans is questionable. Therefore, we wanted to analyse the global expression profiles during early mouse and human development with a special focus on genes involved in the regulation of the apoptotic and survival pathways. We used DNA microarray technology to analyse the global gene expression profiles of preimplantation human and mouse embryos (metaphase II oocytes, embryos at the embryonic genome activation stage, and blastocysts). Components of the major apoptotic and survival signalling pathways were expressed during early human and mouse embryonic development; however, most expression profiles were species-specific. Particularly, the expression of genes encoding components and regulators of the apoptotic machinery were extremely stable in mouse embryos at all analysed stages, while it was more stage-specific in human embryos. CASP3, CASP9, and AIF were the only apoptosis-related genes expressed in both species and at all studied stages. Moreover, numerous transcripts related to the apoptotic and survival pathway were reported for the first time such as CASP6 and IL1RAPL1 that were specific to MII oocytes; CASP2, ENDOG, and GFER to blastocysts in human. These findings open new perspectives for the characterization and understanding of the survival and apoptotic signalling pathways that control early human and mouse embryonic development.
Collapse
|
15
|
Popgeorgiev N, Jabbour L, Gillet G. Subcellular Localization and Dynamics of the Bcl-2 Family of Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:13. [PMID: 29497611 PMCID: PMC5819560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins are recognized as major regulators of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. They control the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) by directly localizing to this organelle. Further investigations demonstrated that Bcl-2 related proteins are also found in other intracellular compartments such as the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the nucleus and the peroxisomes. At the level of these organelles, Bcl-2 family proteins not only regulate MOMP in a remote fashion but also participate in major cellular processes including calcium homeostasis, cell cycle control and cell migration. With the advances of live cell imaging techniques and the generation of fluorescent recombinant proteins, it became clear that the distribution of Bcl-2 proteins inside the cell is a dynamic process which is profoundly affected by changes in the cellular microenvironment. Here, we describe the current knowledge related to the subcellular distribution of the Bcl-2 family of proteins and further emphasize on the emerging concept that this highly dynamic process is critical for cell fate determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Lea Jabbour
- Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d'anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The efficient production, folding, and secretion of proteins is critical for cancer cell survival. However, cancer cells thrive under stress conditions that damage proteins, so many cancer cells overexpress molecular chaperones that facilitate protein folding and target misfolded proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy pathway. Stress response pathway induction is also important for cancer cell survival. Indeed, validated targets for anti-cancer treatments include molecular chaperones, components of the unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. We will focus on links between breast cancer and these processes, as well as the development of drug resistance, relapse, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mebratu YA, Leyva-Baca I, Wathelet MG, Lacey N, Chand HS, Choi AMK, Tesfaigzi Y. Bik reduces hyperplastic cells by increasing Bak and activating DAPk1 to juxtapose ER and mitochondria. Nat Commun 2017; 8:803. [PMID: 28986568 PMCID: PMC5630627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bik reduces hyperplastic epithelial cells by releasing calcium from endoplasmic reticulum stores and causing apoptosis, but the detailed mechanisms are not known. Here we report that Bik dissociates the Bak/Bcl-2 complex to enrich for ER-associated Bak and interacts with the kinase domain of DAPk1 to form Bik–DAPk1–ERK1/2–Bak complex. Bik also disrupts the Bcl2–IP3R interaction to cause ER Ca2+ release. The ER-associated Bak interacts with the kinase and calmodulin domains of DAPk1 to increase the contact sites of ER and mitochondria, and facilitate ER Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria. Although the Bik BH3 helix was sufficient to enrich for ER-Bak and elicit ER Ca2+ release, Bik-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is blocked with reduced Bak levels. Further, the Bik-derived peptide reduces allergen- and cigarette smoke-induced mucous cell hyperplasia in mice and in differentiated primary human airway epithelial cultures. Therefore, Bik peptides may have therapeutic potential in airway diseases associated with chronic mucous hypersecretion. Bcl-2 interacting killer (Bik) decreases airway epithelial hyperplasia via apoptosis mediated by calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but the mechanism is unclear. Here the authors show that Bik promotes Bak enrichment at the ER to tether mitochondria for efficient calcium transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes A Mebratu
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Ivan Leyva-Baca
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Marc G Wathelet
- Infectious Diseases Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Neal Lacey
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Biphasic ROS production, p53 and BIK dictate the mode of cell death in response to DNA damage in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182809. [PMID: 28796811 PMCID: PMC5552129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrosis, apoptosis and autophagic cell death are the main cell death pathways in multicellular organisms, all with distinct and overlapping cellular and biochemical features. DNA damage may trigger different types of cell death in cancer cells but the molecular events governing the mode of cell death remain elusive. Here we showed that increased BH3-only protein BIK levels promoted cisplatin- and UV-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and biphasic ROS production in HCT-116 wild-type cells. Nonetheless, early single peak of ROS formation along with lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cathepsin activation regulated cisplatin- and UV-induced necrosis in p53-null HCT-116 cells. Of note, necrotic cell death in p53-null HCT-116 cells did not depend on BIK, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization or caspase activation. These data demonstrate how cancer cells with different p53 background respond to DNA-damaging agents by integrating distinct cell signaling pathways dictating the mode of cell death.
Collapse
|
19
|
Borst A, Haferkamp S, Grimm J, Rösch M, Zhu G, Guo S, Li C, Gao T, Meierjohann S, Schrama D, Houben R. BIK is involved in BRAF/MEK inhibitor induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2017; 404:70-78. [PMID: 28720543 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma specific inhibitors of BRAFV600E and MEK1/2 frequently induce initial tumor reduction, frequently followed by relapse. As demonstrated previously, BRAFV600E-inhibition induces apoptosis only in a fraction of treated cells, while the remaining arrest and survive providing a source or a niche for relapse. To identify factors contributing to the differential initial response towards BRAF/MEK inhibition, we established M14 melanoma cell line-derived single cell clones responding to treatment with BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib predominantly with either cell cycle arrest (CCA-cells) or apoptosis (A-cells). Screening for differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes revealed loss of BCL2-Interacting Killer (BIK) mRNA in CCA-cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of BIK in CCA-cells resulted in increased apoptosis rates following vemurafenib/trametinib treatment, while knockdown/knockout of BIK in A-cells attenuated the apoptotic response. Furthermore, we demonstrate reversible epigenetic silencing of BIK mRNA expression in CCA-cells. Importantly, HDAC inhibitor treatment associated with re-expression of BIK augmented sensitivity of CCA-cells towards vemurafenib/trametinib treatment both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that BIK can be a critical mediator of melanoma cell fate determination in response to MAPK pathway inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Borst
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Grimm
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rösch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mebratu YA, Tipper J, Chand HS, Walton S, Harrod KS, Tesfaigzi Y. Bik Mediates Caspase-Dependent Cleavage of Viral Proteins to Promote Influenza A Virus Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:664-73. [PMID: 26437021 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0133oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus induces apoptosis in infected cells to promote viral replication by manipulating the host cell death signaling pathway. Although some Bcl-2 family proteins play a role in the replication of influenza A virus (IAV), the role of cell death pathways in the viral replication cycle is unclear. We investigated whether deficiency of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, Bik, plays a role in IAV replication. IAV replication was attenuated in mouse airway epithelial cells (MAECs) from bik(-/-) compared with bik(+/+) mice, as indicated by reduced viral titers. Bik(-/-) MAECs showed more stable transepithelial resistance after infection than did bik(+/+) MAECs, were less sensitive to infection-induced cell death, and released fewer copies of viral RNA. Similar results were obtained when Bik expression was suppressed in human airway epithelial cells (HAECs). Bik(+/+) mice lost weight drastically and died within 8 days of infection, whereas 75% of bik(-/-) mice survived infection for 14 days and were 10-fold less likely to die from infection compared with bik(+/+) mice. IAV infection activated caspase 3 in bik(+/+) but not in bik(-/-) MAECs. Cleavage of viral nucleoprotein and M2 proteins were inhibited in bik(-/-) MAECs and when caspase activation was inhibited in HAECs. Furthermore, Bik deficiency impaired cytoplasmic export of viral ribonucleoprotein. These studies suggest a link between Bik-mediated caspase activation and cleavage of viral proteins. Thus, inhibition of proapoptotic host factors such as Bik and downstream mediators of cell death may represent a novel approach to influenza treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes A Mebratu
- 1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jennifer Tipper
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- 1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Stephanie Walton
- 1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kevin S Harrod
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- 1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pihán P, Carreras-Sureda A, Hetz C. BCL-2 family: integrating stress responses at the ER to control cell demise. Cell Death Differ 2017. [PMID: 28622296 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a central organelle regulating the core mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. At the ER membrane, a variety of stress signals are integrated toward determining cell fate, involving a complex cross talk between key homeostatic pathways including the unfolded protein response, autophagy, calcium signaling and mitochondrial bioenergetics. In this context, key regulators of cell death of the BCL-2 and TMBIM/BI-1 family of proteins have relevant functions as stress rheostats mediated by the formation of distinct protein complexes that regulate the switch between adaptive and proapoptotic phases under stress. Here, we overview recent advances on our molecular understanding of how the apoptotic machinery integrates stress signals toward cell fate decisions upstream of the mitochondrial gateway of death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pihán
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
p53-mediated suppression of BiP triggers BIK-induced apoptosis during prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Differ 2017. [PMID: 28622297 PMCID: PMC5596431 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological conditions that affect the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provoke ER stress and trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR aims to either restore the balance between newly synthesized and misfolded proteins or if the damage is severe, to trigger cell death. However, the molecular events underlying the switch between repair and cell death are not well understood. The ER-resident chaperone BiP governs the UPR by sensing misfolded proteins and thereby releasing and activating the three mediators of the UPR: PERK, IRE1 and ATF6. PERK promotes G2 cell cycle arrest and cellular repair by inducing the alternative translated p53 isoform p53ΔN40 (p53/47), which activates 14-3-3σ via suppression of p21CDKN1A. Here we show that prolonged ER stress promotes apoptosis via a p53-dependent inhibition of BiP expression. This leads to the release of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only BIK from BiP and activation of apoptosis. Suppression of bip mRNA translation is mediated via the specific binding of p53 to the first 346-nt of the bip mRNA and via a p53 trans-suppression domain located within the first seven N-terminal amino acids of p53ΔN40. This work shows how p53 targets BiP to promote apoptosis during severe ER stress and further illustrates how regulation of mRNA translation has a key role in p53-mediated regulation of gene expression during the UPR.
Collapse
|
23
|
Star-PAP, a poly(A) polymerase, functions as a tumor suppressor in an orthotopic human breast cancer model. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2582. [PMID: 28151486 PMCID: PMC5386448 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Star-PAP is a noncanonical poly(A) polymerase and required for the expression of a select set of mRNAs. However, the pathological role of Star-PAP in cancer largely remains unknown. In this study, we observed decreased expression of Star-PAP in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Ectopic Star-PAP expression inhibited proliferation as well as colony-forming ability of breast cancer cells. In breast cancer patients, high levels of Star-PAP correlated with an improved prognosis. Moreover, by regulating the expression of BIK (BCL2-interacting killer), Star-PAP induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway. The growth of breast cancer xenografts in NOD/SCID mice was also inhibited by the doxycycline-induced Star-PAP overexpression. Furthermore, Star-PAP sensitized breast cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs both in vitro and in vivo. In mammary epithelial cells, Star-PAP knockdown partially transformed these cells and induced them to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings suggested that Star-PAP possesses tumor-suppressing activity and can be a valuable target for developing new cancer therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Shi CS, Kehrl JH. Cytochrome c Negatively Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasomes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167636. [PMID: 28030552 PMCID: PMC5193325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of cytochrome c from the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is anchored by caridolipin, triggers the formation of the Apaf-1 apoptosome. Cardiolipin also interacts with NLRP3 recruiting NLRP3 to mitochondria and facilitating inflammasome assembly. In this study we investigated whether cytosolic cytochrome c impacts NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. We report that cytochrome c binds to the LRR domain of NLRP3 and that cytochrome c reduces the interactions between NLRP3 and cardiolipin and between NLRP3 and NEK7, a recently recognized component of the NLRP3 inflammasome needed for NLRP3 oligomerization. Protein transduction of cytochrome c impairs NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while partially silencing cytochrome c expression enhances it. The addition of cytochrome c to an in vitro inflammasome assay severely limited caspase-1 activation. We propose that there is a crosstalk between the NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosome pathways mediated by cytochrome c, whose release during apoptosis acts to limit NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Shan Shi
- B Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John H. Kehrl
- B Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Andreu-Fernández V, García-Murria MJ, Bañó-Polo M, Martin J, Monticelli L, Orzáez M, Mingarro I. The C-terminal Domains of Apoptotic BH3-only Proteins Mediate Their Insertion into Distinct Biological Membranes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25207-25216. [PMID: 27758854 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.733634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the equilibrium of pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein family in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) induce structural changes that commit cells to apoptosis. Bcl-2 homology-3 (BH3)-only proteins participate in this process by either activating pro-apoptotic effectors or inhibiting anti-apoptotic components and by promoting MOM permeabilization. The association of BH3-only proteins with MOMs is necessary for the activation and amplification of death signals; however, the nature of this association remains controversial, as these proteins lack a canonical transmembrane sequence. Here we used an in vitro expression system to study the insertion capacity of hydrophobic C-terminal regions of the BH3-only proteins Bik, Bim, Noxa, Bmf, and Puma into microsomal membranes. An Escherichia coli complementation assay was used to validate the results in a cellular context, and peptide insertions were modeled using molecular dynamics simulations. We also found that some of the C-terminal domains were sufficient to direct green fluorescent protein fusion proteins to specific membranes in human cells, but the domains did not activate apoptosis. Thus, the hydrophobic regions in the C termini of BH3-only members associated in distinct ways with various biological membranes, suggesting that a detailed investigation of the entire process of apoptosis should include studying the membranes as a setting for protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain.,the Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain, and
| | - María J García-Murria
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Manuel Bañó-Polo
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juliette Martin
- the Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux (BMSSI), CNRS UMR 5086, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Luca Monticelli
- the Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux (BMSSI), CNRS UMR 5086, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mar Orzáez
- the Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, E-46012 Valencia, Spain, and
| | - Ismael Mingarro
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
miR-125b controls monocyte adaptation to inflammation through mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. Blood 2016; 128:3125-3136. [PMID: 27702798 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-697003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes drive monocyte differentiation and fate. Although abnormal mitochondria metabolism and innate immune responses participate in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders, molecular events regulating mitochondrial activity to control life and death in monocytes remain poorly understood. We show here that, in human monocytes, microRNA-125b (miR-125b) attenuates the mitochondrial respiration through the silencing of the BH3-only proapoptotic protein BIK and promotes the elongation of the mitochondrial network through the targeting of the mitochondrial fission process 1 protein MTP18, leading to apoptosis. Proinflammatory activation of monocyte-derived macrophages is associated with a concomitant increase in miR-125b expression and decrease in BIK and MTP18 expression, which lead to reduced oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced mitochondrial fusion. In a chronic inflammatory systemic disorder, CD14+ blood monocytes display reduced miR-125b expression as compared with healthy controls, inversely correlated with BIK and MTP18 messenger RNA expression. Our findings not only identify BIK and MTP18 as novel targets for miR-125b that control mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics, respectively, but also reveal a novel function for miR-125b in regulating metabolic adaptation of monocytes to inflammation. Together, these data unravel new molecular mechanisms for a proapoptotic role of miR-125b in monocytes and identify potential targets for interfering with excessive inflammatory activation of monocytes in inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Dalal S, Zha Q, Singh M, Singh K. Osteopontin-stimulated apoptosis in cardiac myocytes involves oxidative stress and mitochondrial death pathway: role of a pro-apoptotic protein BIK. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 418:1-11. [PMID: 27262843 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased osteopontin (OPN) expression in the heart, specifically in myocytes, associates with increased myocyte apoptosis and myocardial dysfunction. Recently, we provided evidence that OPN interacts with CD44 receptor, and induces myocyte apoptosis via the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial death pathways. Here we tested the hypothesis that OPN induces oxidative stress in myocytes and the heart via the involvement of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4). Treatment of adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) with OPN (20 nM) increased oxidative stress as analyzed by protein carbonylation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as analyzed by ROS detection kit and dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate staining. Pretreatment with NAC (antioxidant), apocynin (NOX inhibitor), MnTBAP (superoxide dismutase mimetic), and mitochondrial KATP channel blockers (glibenclamide and 5-hydroxydecanoate) decreased OPN-stimulated ROS production, cytosolic cytochrome c levels, and apoptosis. OPN increased NOX-4 expression, while decreasing SOD-2 expression. OPN decreased mitochondrial membrane potential as measured by JC-1 staining, and induced mitochondrial abnormalities including swelling and reorganization of cristae as observed using transmission electron microscopy. OPN increased expression of BIK, a pro-apoptotic protein involved in reorganization of mitochondrial cristae. Expression of dominant-negative BIK decreased OPN-stimulated apoptosis. In vivo, OPN expression in cardiac myocyte-specific manner associated with increased protein carbonylation, and expression of NOX-4 and BIK. Thus, OPN induces oxidative stress via the involvement of mitochondria and NOX-4. It may affect mitochondrial morphology and integrity, at least in part, via the involvement of BIK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dalal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Qinqin Zha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA. .,Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA. .,James H Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Maxfield KE, Taus PJ, Corcoran K, Wooten J, Macion J, Zhou Y, Borromeo M, Kollipara RK, Yan J, Xie Y, Xie XJ, Whitehurst AW. Comprehensive functional characterization of cancer-testis antigens defines obligate participation in multiple hallmarks of cancer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8840. [PMID: 26567849 PMCID: PMC4660212 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumours frequently activate genes whose expression is otherwise biased to the testis,
collectively known as cancer–testis antigens (CTAs). The extent to which
CTA expression represents epiphenomena or confers tumorigenic traits is unknown. In
this study, to address this, we implemented a multidimensional functional genomics
approach that incorporates 7 different phenotypic assays in 11 distinct disease
settings. We identify 26 CTAs that are essential for tumor cell viability and/or are
pathological drivers of HIF, WNT or TGFβ signalling. In particular, we
discover that Foetal and Adult Testis Expressed 1 (FATE1) is a key survival factor
in multiple oncogenic backgrounds. FATE1 prevents the accumulation of the
stress-sensing BH3-only protein, BCL-2-Interacting Killer (BIK), thereby permitting
viability in the presence of toxic stimuli. Furthermore, ZNF165 promotes
TGFβ signalling by directly suppressing the expression of negative feedback
regulatory pathways. This action is essential for the survival of triple negative
breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CTAs make significant
direct contributions to tumour biology. Proteins usually expressed solely in the testes are often found
over-expressed in cancer and are termed cancer testis antigens. Here, the authors use a
comprehensive screening strategy to identify 26 cancer-testis antigens that promote
tumorigenic behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Maxfield
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Patrick J Taus
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen Corcoran
- Department of Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Joshua Wooten
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Macion
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Science, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Mark Borromeo
- Department of Neuroscience, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Rahul K Kollipara
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jingsheng Yan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Science, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Xian-Jin Xie
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Science, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Angelique W Whitehurst
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Trejo-Vargas A, Hernández-Mercado E, Ordóñez-Razo RM, Lazzarini R, Arenas-Aranda DJ, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Königsberg M, Luna-López A. Bik subcellular localization in response to oxidative stress induced by chemotherapy, in Two different breast cancer cell lines and a Non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1262-70. [PMID: 26059411 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy remains one of the preferred therapeutic modalities against malignancies despite its damaging side effects. An expected outcome while utilizing chemotherapy is apoptosis induction. This is mainly regulated by a group of proteins known as the Bcl-2 family, usually found within the endoplasmic reticulum or the mitochondria. Recently, these proteins have been located in other sites and non-canonic functions have been unraveled. Bik is a pro-apoptotic protein, which becomes deregulated in cancer, and as apoptosis is associated with oxidative stress generation, our objective was to determine the subcellular localization of Bik either after a direct oxidative insult due to H2 O2 , or indirectly by cisplatin, an antineoplastic agent. Experiments were performed in two human transformed mammary gland cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, and one non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line MCF-10A. Our results showed that in MCF-7, Bik is localized within the cytosol and that after oxidative stress treatment it translocates into the nucleus. However, in MDA-MB-231, Bik localizes in the nucleus and translocates to the cytosol. In MCF10A Bik did not change its cellular site after either treatment. Interestingly, MCF10A were more resistant to cisplatin than transformed cell lines. This is the first report showing that Bik is located in different cellular compartments depending on the cancer stage, and it has the ability to change its subcellular localization in response to oxidative stress. This is associated with increased sensitivity when exposed to toxic agents, thus rendering novel opportunities to study new therapeutic targets allowing the development of more active and less harmful agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aglaé Trejo-Vargas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, D.F., México.,Unidad Médica en Genética Humana, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, México, D.F., Mexico.,Posgrado en Biologia Experimental
| | - Elisa Hernández-Mercado
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, D.F., México.,Unidad Médica en Genética Humana, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, México, D.F., Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Lazzarini
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, D.F., México
| | | | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, D.F., México
| | - Armando Luna-López
- Instituto Nacional de Geriatria, SSA, Posgrado en Biologia Experimental, UAMI, México, D.F., Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)-discoidin domain receptor 1 axis regulates collagen-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116006. [PMID: 25774665 PMCID: PMC4638154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumour dissemination, invading breast carcinoma cells become confronted with a reactive stroma, a type I collagen-rich environment endowed with anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties. To develop metastatic capabilities, tumour cells must acquire the capacity to cope with this novel microenvironment. How cells interact with and respond to their microenvironment during cancer dissemination remains poorly understood. To address the impact of type I collagen on the fate of tumour cells, human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells were cultured within three-dimensional type I collagen gels (3D COL1). Using this experimental model, we have previously demonstrated that membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), a proteinase overexpressed in many aggressive tumours, promotes tumour progression by circumventing the collagen-induced up-regulation of BIK, a pro-apoptotic tumour suppressor, and hence apoptosis. Here we performed a transcriptomic analysis to decipher the molecular mechanisms regulating 3D COL1-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Control and MT1-MMP expressing MCF-7 cells were cultured on two-dimensional plastic plates or within 3D COL1 and a global transcriptional time-course analysis was performed. Shifting the cells from plastic plates to 3D COL1 activated a complex reprogramming of genes implicated in various biological processes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a 3D COL1-mediated alteration of key cellular functions including apoptosis, cell proliferation, RNA processing and cytoskeleton remodelling. By using a panel of pharmacological inhibitors, we identified discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a receptor tyrosine kinase specifically activated by collagen, as the initiator of 3D COL1-induced apoptosis. Our data support the concept that MT1-MMP contributes to the inactivation of the DDR1-BIK signalling axis through the cleavage of collagen fibres and/or the alteration of DDR1 receptor signalling unit, without triggering a drastic remodelling of the transcriptome of MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane that leads to the release of cytochrome c and several other apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria into cytosol represents a commitment point of apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells. This crucial event is governed by proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Molecular mechanisms, by which Bcl-2 family proteins permeabilize mitochondrial membrane, remain under dispute. Although yeast does not have apparent homologues of these proteins, when mammalian members of Bcl-2 family are expressed in yeast, they retain their activity, making yeast an attractive model system, in which to study their action. This review focuses on using yeast expressing mammalian proteins of the Bcl-2 family as a tool to investigate mechanisms, by which these proteins permeabilize mitochondrial membranes, mechanisms, by which pro- and antiapoptotic members of this family interact, and involvement of other cellular components in the regulation of programmed cell death by Bcl-2 family proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Polčic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Jaká
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Mentel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Siddiqui WA, Ahad A, Ahsan H. The mystery of BCL2 family: Bcl-2 proteins and apoptosis: an update. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:289-317. [PMID: 25618543 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a critically important biological process that plays an essential role in cell fate and homeostasis. An important component of the apoptotic pathway is the family of proteins commonly known as the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). The primary role of Bcl-2 family members is the regulation of apoptosis. Although the structure of Bcl-2 family of proteins was reported nearly 10 years ago, however, it still surprises us with its structural and functional complexity and diversity. A number of studies have demonstrated that Bcl-2 family influences many other cellular processes beyond apoptosis which are generally independent of the regulation of apoptosis, suggesting additional roles for Bcl-2. The disruption of the regulation of apoptosis is a causative event in many diseases. Since the Bcl-2 family of proteins is the key regulator of apoptosis, the abnormalities in its function have been implicated in many diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia and autoimmune diseases. In the past few years, our understanding of the mechanism of action of Bcl-2 family of proteins and its implications in various pathological conditions has enhanced significantly. The focus of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the structure and function of Bcl-2 family of proteins in apoptotic cellular processes. A number of drugs have been developed in the past few years that target different Bcl-2 members. The role of Bcl-2 proteins in the pathogenesis of various diseases and their pharmacological significance as effective molecular therapeutic targets is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chi X, Kale J, Leber B, Andrews DW. Regulating cell death at, on, and in membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1843:2100-13. [PMID: 24927885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins are central regulators of apoptosis. Various family members are located in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial outer membrane in healthy cells. However during apoptosis most of the interactions between family members that determine the fate of the cell occur at the membranes of intracellular organelles. It has become evident that interactions with membranes play an active role in the regulation of Bcl-2 family protein interactions. Here we provide an overview of various models proposed to explain how the Bcl-2 family regulates apoptosis and discuss how membrane binding affects the structure and function of each of the three categories of Bcl-2 proteins (pro-apoptotic, pore-forming, and anti-apoptotic). We also examine how the Bcl-2 family regulates other aspects of mitochondrial and ER physiology relevant to cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Justin Kale
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - David W Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Combination of lenalidomide with vitamin D3 induces apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma via demethylation of BIK. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1389. [PMID: 25165875 PMCID: PMC4454319 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a currently incurable B-cell malignancy.
Lenalidomide (Len) has been demonstrated to be one of the most efficient new
treatment options. Because Len and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin (VD3) synergize
to kill breast cancer cells, we investigated whether VD3 could increase the
ability of Len to induce MCL cell death. While MCL cells were weakly sensitive
to Len (1 μM), the addition of VD3 at physiological dose
(100 nM) strongly increased cell death, accompanied by slowdown in cell
cycle progression in MCL cell lines (n=4 out of 6) and primary
samples (n=5 out of 7). The Len/VD3 treatment markedly
increased the expression of the BH3-only BCL2-interacting killer (Bik) without
affecting the expression of other Bcl-2 molecules. Immunoprecipitation assays
demonstrated that Bik was free from anti-apoptotic partners, Bcl-2 and
Bcl-xL, in treated cells. Moreover, silencing of BIK
prevented apoptosis induced by Len/VD3, confirming the direct involvement of
Bik in cell death. Bik accumulation induced by Len/VD3 was related to an
increase in BIK mRNA levels, which resulted from a demethylation of
BIK CpG islands. The sensitivity of MCL cells to Len/VD3 was
similar to the response to 5-azacytidine, which also induced demethylation of
BIK CpG islands. These preclinical data provide the rationale to
investigate the role of VD3 in vivo in the response to Len.
Collapse
|
35
|
Targeting SQSTM1/p62 induces cargo loading failure and converts autophagy to apoptosis via NBK/Bik. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3435-49. [PMID: 25002530 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01383-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In selective autophagy, the adaptor protein SQSTM1/p62 plays a critical role in recognizing/loading cargo (e.g., malfolded proteins) into autophagosomes for lysosomal degradation. Here we report that whereas SQSTM1/p62 levels fluctuated in a time-dependent manner during autophagy, inhibition or knockdown of Cdk9/cyclin T1 transcriptionally downregulated SQSTM1/p62 but did not affect autophagic flux. These interventions, or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directly targeting SQSTM1/p62, resulted in cargo loading failure and inefficient autophagy, phenomena recently described for Huntington's disease neurons. These events led to the accumulation of the BH3-only protein NBK/Bik on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, most likely by blocking loading and autophagic degradation of NBK/Bik, culminating in apoptosis. Whereas NBK/Bik upregulation was further enhanced by disruption of distal autophagic events (e.g., autophagosome maturation) by chloroquine (CQ) or Lamp2 shRNA, it was substantially diminished by inhibition of autophagy initiation (e.g., genetically by shRNA targeting Ulk1, beclin-1, or Atg5 or pharmacologically by 3-methyladenine [3-MA] or spautin-1), arguing that NBK/Bik accumulation stems from inefficient autophagy. Finally, NBK/Bik knockdown markedly attenuated apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Together, these findings identify novel cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis, wherein targeting SQSTM1/p62 converts cytoprotective autophagy to an inefficient form due to cargo loading failure, leading to NBK/Bik accumulation, which triggers apoptosis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tadic V, Prell T, Lautenschlaeger J, Grosskreutz J. The ER mitochondria calcium cycle and ER stress response as therapeutic targets in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:147. [PMID: 24910594 PMCID: PMC4039088 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Although the etiology remains unclear, disturbances in calcium homoeostasis and protein folding are essential features of neurodegeneration in this disorder. Here, we review recent research findings on the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and its effect on calcium signaling and oxidative stress. We further provide insights into studies, providing evidence that structures of the ER mitochondria calcium cycle serve as a promising targets for therapeutic approaches for treatment of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Tadic
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University HospitalJena, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Campion EM, Hakimjavadi R, Loughran ST, Phelan S, Smith SM, D'Souza BN, Tierney RJ, Bell AI, Cahill PA, Walls D. Repression of the proapoptotic cellular BIK/NBK gene by Epstein-Barr virus antagonizes transforming growth factor β1-induced B-cell apoptosis. J Virol 2014; 88:5001-13. [PMID: 24554662 PMCID: PMC3993823 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03642-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a lifelong latent infection in humans. EBV infection of primary B cells causes cell activation and proliferation, a process driven by the viral latency III gene expression program, which includes EBV nuclear proteins (EBNAs), latent membrane proteins, and untranslated RNAs, including microRNAs. Some latently infected cells enter the long-lived memory B-cell compartment and express only EBNA1 transiently (Lat I) or no EBV protein at all (Lat 0). Targeting the molecular machinery that controls B-cell fate decisions, including the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis-regulating proteins, is crucial to the EBV cycle of infection. Here, we show that BIK (also known as NBK), which encodes a proapoptotic "sensitizer" protein, is repressed by the EBNA2-driven Lat III program but not the Lat I program. BIK repression occurred soon after infection of primary B cells by EBV but not by a recombinant EBV in which the EBNA2 gene had been knocked out. Ectopic BIK induced apoptosis in Lat III cells by a mechanism dependent on its BH3 domain and the activation of caspases. We show that EBNA2 represses BIK in EBV-negative B-cell lymphoma-derived cell lines and that this host-virus interaction can inhibit the proapoptotic effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a key physiological mediator of B-cell homeostasis. Reduced levels of TGF-β1-associated regulatory SMAD proteins were bound to the BIK promoter in response to EBV Lat III or ectopic EBNA2. These data are evidence of an additional mechanism used by EBV to promote B-cell survival, namely, the transcriptional repression of the BH3-only sensitizer BIK. IMPORTANCE Over 90% of adult humans are infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV establishes a lifelong silent infection, with its DNA residing in small numbers of blood B cells that are a reservoir from which low-level virus reactivation and shedding in saliva intermittently occur. Importantly, EBV DNA is found in some B-cell-derived tumors in which viral genes play a key role in tumor cell emergence and progression. Here, we report for the first time that EBV can shut off a B-cell gene called BIK. When activated by a molecular signal called transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), BIK plays an important role in killing unwanted B cells, including those infected by viruses. We describe the key EBV-B-cell molecular interactions that lead to BIK shutoff. These findings further our knowledge of how EBV prevents the death of its host cell during infection. They are also relevant to certain posttransplant lymphomas where unregulated cell growth is caused by EBV genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Campion
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roya Hakimjavadi
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad T. Loughran
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Phelan
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M. Smith
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan N. D'Souza
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosemary J. Tierney
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew I. Bell
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Cahill
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Vascular Biology Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dalal S, Zha Q, Daniels CR, Steagall RJ, Joyner WL, Gadeau AP, Singh M, Singh K. Osteopontin stimulates apoptosis in adult cardiac myocytes via the involvement of CD44 receptors, mitochondrial death pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1182-91. [PMID: 24531809 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00954.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased osteopontin (OPN) expression associates with increased myocyte apoptosis and myocardial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to identify the receptor for OPN and get insight into the mechanism by which OPN induces cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) and transgenic mice expressing OPN in a myocyte-specific manner were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. Treatment with purified OPN (20 nM) protein or adenoviral-mediated OPN expression induced apoptosis in ARVMs. OPN co-immunoprecipitated with CD44 receptors, not with β1 or β3 integrins. Proximity ligation assay confirmed interaction of OPN with CD44 receptors. Neutralizing anti-CD44 antibodies inhibited OPN-stimulated apoptosis. OPN activated JNKs and increased expression of Bax and levels of cytosolic cytochrome c, suggesting involvement of mitochondrial death pathway. OPN increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as evidenced by increased expression of Gadd153 and activation of caspase-12. Inhibition of JNKs using SP600125 or ER stress using salubrinal or caspase-12 inhibitor significantly reduced OPN-stimulated apoptosis. Expression of OPN in adult mouse heart in myocyte-specific manner associated with decreased left ventricular function and increased myocyte apoptosis. In the heart, OPN expression increased JNKs and caspase-12 activities, and expression of Bax and Gadd153. Thus, OPN, acting via CD44 receptors, induces apoptosis in myocytes via the involvement of mitochondrial death pathway and ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dalal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vannuvel K, Renard P, Raes M, Arnould T. Functional and morphological impact of ER stress on mitochondria. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1802-18. [PMID: 23629871 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, knowledge and evidence about the existence of crosstalks between cellular organelles and their potential effects on survival or cell death have been constantly growing. More recently, evidence accumulated showing an intimate relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. These close contacts not only establish extensive physical links allowing exchange of lipids and calcium but they can also coordinate pathways involved in cell life and death. It is now obvious that ER dysfunction/stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) as well as mitochondria play major roles in apoptosis. However, while the effects of major ER stress on cell death have been largely studied and reviewed, it becomes more and more evident that cells might regularly deal with sublethal ER stress, a condition that does not necessarily lead to cell death but might affect the function/activity of other organelles such as mitochondria. In this review, we will particularly focus on these new, interesting and intriguing metabolic and morphological events that occur during the early adaptative phase of the ER stress, before the onset of cell death, and that remain largely unknown. Relevance and implication of these mitochondrial changes in response to ER stress conditions for human diseases such as type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease will also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleen Vannuvel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pronounced transcriptional regulation of apoptotic and TNF–NF-kappa-B signaling genes during the course of thymoquinone mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 383:243-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
41
|
Shamas-Din A, Kale J, Leber B, Andrews DW. Mechanisms of action of Bcl-2 family proteins. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a008714. [PMID: 23545417 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family of proteins controls a critical step in commitment to apoptosis by regulating permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). The family is divided into three classes: multiregion proapoptotic proteins that directly permeabilize the MOM; BH3 proteins that directly or indirectly activate the pore-forming class members; and the antiapoptotic proteins that inhibit this process at several steps. Different experimental approaches have led to several models, each proposed to explain the interactions between Bcl-2 family proteins. The discovery that many of these interactions occur at or in membranes as well as in the cytoplasm, and are governed by the concentrations and relative binding affinities of the proteins, provides a new basis for rationalizing these models. Furthermore, these dynamic interactions cause conformational changes in the Bcl-2 proteins that modulate their apoptotic function, providing additional potential modes of regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Shamas-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bonneau B, Prudent J, Popgeorgiev N, Gillet G. Non-apoptotic roles of Bcl-2 family: the calcium connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1755-65. [PMID: 23360981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The existence of the bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) gene was reported nearly 30 years ago. Yet, Bcl-2 family group of proteins still surprises us with their structural and functional diversity. Since the discovery of the Bcl-2 family of proteins as one of the main apoptosis judges, the precise mechanism of their action remains a hot topic of intensive scientific research and debates. Although extensive work has been performed on the role of mitochondria in apoptosis, more and more studies point out an implication of the endoplasmic reticulum in this process. Interestingly, Bcl-2 family proteins could be localized to both the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum highlighting their crucial role in apoptosis control. In particular, in these organelles Bcl-2 proteins seem to be involved in calcium homeostasis regulation although the mechanisms underlying this function are still misunderstood. We now assume with high degree of certainty that the majority of Bcl-2 family members take part not only in apoptosis regulation but also in other processes important for the cell physiology briefly denominated as "non-apoptotic" functions. Drawing a complete and comprehensive image of Bcl-2 family requires the understanding of their implications in all cellular processes. Here, we review the current knowledge on the control of calcium homeostasis by the Bcl-2 family at the endoplasmic reticulum and at the mitochondria. Then we focus on the non-apoptotic functions of the Bcl-2 proteins in relation with the regulation of this versatile intracellular messenger. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
Collapse
|
43
|
Çakir B. Bax induces activation of the unfolded protein response by inducing HAC1 mRNA splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2012; 29:395-406. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
44
|
Happo L, Phipson B, Smyth GK, Strasser A, Scott CL. Neither loss of Bik alone, nor combined loss of Bik and Noxa, accelerate murine lymphoma development or render lymphoma cells resistant to DNA damaging drugs. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e306. [PMID: 22573037 PMCID: PMC3366076 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, BIK, is widely expressed and although many critical functions in developmental or stress-induced death have been ascribed to this protein, mice lacking Bik display no overt abnormalities. It has been postulated that Bik can serve as a tumour suppressor, on the basis that its deficiency and loss of apoptotic function have been reported in many human cancers, including lymphoid malignancies. Evasion of apoptosis is a major factor contributing to c-Myc-induced tumour development, but despite this, we found that Bik deficiency did not accelerate Eμ-Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Co-operation between BIK and NOXA, another BH3-only protein, has been previously described, and was attributed to their complementary binding specificities to distinct subsets of pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins. Nevertheless, combined deficiency of Bik and Noxa did not alter the onset of Eμ-Myc transgene induced lymphoma development. Moreover, although p53-mediated induction of Bik has been reported, neither Eμ-Myc/Bik−/− nor Eμ-Myc/Bik−/−Noxa−/− lymphomas were more resistant than control Eμ-Myc lymphomas to killing by DNA damaging drugs, either in vitro or in vivo. These results suggest that Bik, even in combination with Noxa, is not a potent suppressor of c-Myc-driven tumourigenesis or critical for chemotherapeutic drug-induced killing of Myc-driven tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Happo
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhong JT, Xu Y, Yi HW, Su J, Yu HM, Xiang XY, Li XN, Zhang ZC, Sun LK. The BH3 mimetic S1 induces autophagy through ER stress and disruption of Bcl-2/Beclin 1 interaction in human glioma U251 cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 323:180-7. [PMID: 22579788 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous results showed that a novel BH3 mimetic S1 could induce cell death in a wide range of cancer types in vitro through Bax/Bak-dependent apoptosis. We demonstrated that in addition to mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated apoptosis was also induced by S1. Moreover, S1 can induce autophagy in U251 cells, which may occur through ER stress and disruption of the association of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1. Inhibition of autophagy by the autophagic inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ) increased S1-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, autophagy plays an important role in S1-induced U251 cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Teng Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li W, Laishram RS, Ji Z, Barlow CA, Tian B, Anderson RA. Star-PAP control of BIK expression and apoptosis is regulated by nuclear PIPKIα and PKCδ signaling. Mol Cell 2012; 45:25-37. [PMID: 22244330 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BIK protein is an initiator of mitochondrial apoptosis, and BIK expression is induced by proapoptotic signals, including DNA damage. Here, we demonstrate that 3' end processing and expression of BIK mRNA are controlled by the nuclear PI4,5P(2)-regulated poly(A) polymerase Star-PAP downstream of DNA damage. Nuclear PKCδ is a key mediator of apoptosis, and DNA damage stimulates PKCδ association with the Star-PAP complex where PKCδ is required for Star-PAP-dependent BIK expression. PKCδ binds the PI4,5P(2)-generating enzyme PIPKIα, which is essential for PKCδ interaction with the Star-PAP complex, and PKCδ activity is directly stimulated by PI4,5P(2). Features in the BIK 3' UTR uniquely define Star-PAP specificity and may block canonical PAP activity toward BIK mRNA. This reveals a nuclear phosphoinositide signaling nexus where PIPKIα, PI4,5P(2), and PKCδ regulate Star-PAP control of BIK expression and induction of apoptosis. This pathway is distinct from the Star-PAP-mediated oxidative stress pathway indicating signal-specific regulation of mRNA 3' end processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wilfling F, Weber A, Potthoff S, Vögtle FN, Meisinger C, Paschen SA, Häcker G. BH3-only proteins are tail-anchored in the outer mitochondrial membrane and can initiate the activation of Bax. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1328-36. [PMID: 22343714 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitochondrial apoptosis, pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins cause the translocation of cytosolic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where it is activated to release cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, but the mechanism is under dispute. We show that most BH3-only proteins are mitochondrial proteins that are imported into the OMM via a C-terminal tail-anchor domain in isolated yeast mitochondria, independently of binding to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. This C-terminal domain acted as a classical mitochondrial targeting signal and was sufficient to direct green fluorescent protein to mitochondria in human cells. When expressed in mouse fibroblasts, these BH3-only proteins localised to mitochondria and were inserted in the OMM. The BH3-only proteins Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), tBid and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis sensitised isolated mitochondria from Bax/Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer-deficient fibroblasts to cytochrome c-release by recombinant, extramitochondrial Bax. For Bim, this activity is shown to require the C-terminal-targeting signal and to be independent of binding capacity to and presence of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Bim further enhanced Bax-dependent killing in yeast. A model is proposed where OMM-tail-anchored BH3-only proteins permit passive 'recruitment' and catalysis-like activation of extra-mitochondrial Bax. The recognition of C-terminal membrane-insertion of BH3-only proteins will permit the development of a more detailed concept of the initiation of mitochondrial apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Wilfling
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Su YC, Wu JL, Hong JR. Betanodavirus up-regulates chaperone GRP78 via ER stress: roles of GRP78 in viral replication and host mitochondria-mediated cell death. Apoptosis 2011; 16:272-87. [PMID: 21170590 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Whether viral pathogens that induce ER stress responses benefit the host or the virus remains controversial. In this study we show that betanodavirus induced ER stress responses up-regulate GRP78, which regulates the viral replication and host cellular mitochondrial-mediated cell death. Betanodavirus (redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus, RGNNV) infection resulted in the following increased ER stress responses in fish GF-1 grouper fin cells: (1) IRE-1 and ATF-6 sensors at 48 h post-infection (p.i.) that up-regulated chaperone protein GRP78; (2) activation of caspase-12; and (3) PERK phosphorylation and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Analyses of GRP78 functions during viral replication using either loss-of-function or gain-of-function approaches showed that GRP78 over-expression also enhanced viral replication and induced cell death. Then, we found that zfGRP78 localization gradually increased in mitochondria after RGNNV infection by EGFP tagging approach. Furthermore, zfGRP78 can interact with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by using immunofluorescent and immunoprecipitation assays. Finally, we found that blocking GRP78-mediated ER signals can reduce the viral death factors protein α and protein B2 expression and decrease the Bcl-2 down-regulation mediated mitochondria-dependent cell death, which also enhances host cellular viability. Taken together, our results suggest that RGNNV infection and expression can trigger ER stress responses, which up-regulate the chaperone GRP78 at early replication stage. Then, GRP78 can interact with RdRp that may enhance the viral replication for increasing viral death factors' expressions at middle-late replication stage, which can enhance mitochondrial-mediated cell death pathway and viral spreading. These results may provide new insights into the mechanism of ER stress-mediated cell death in RNA viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhou H, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Chan L, Lee AS. Novel mechanism of anti-apoptotic function of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78): endocrine resistance factor in breast cancer, through release of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) from BCL-2-interacting killer (BIK). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25687-96. [PMID: 21622563 PMCID: PMC3138298 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.212944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway represents a major mechanism for breast cancer regression resulting from anti-estrogen therapy. The BH3-only protein BIK is inducible by estrogen-starvation and anti-estrogen treatment and plays an important role in anti-estrogen induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. BIK is predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum where it regulates BAX/BAK-dependent release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum stores and cooperates with other BH3-only proteins such as NOXA to cause rapid release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activate apoptosis. BIK is also known to inactivate BCL-2 through complex formation. Previously, we demonstrated that apoptosis triggered by BIK in estrogen-starved human breast cancer cells is suppressed by GRP78, a major endoplasmic reticulum chaperone. Here we described the isolation of a novel clonal human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7/BUS-10) resistant to long-term estrogen deprivation. These cells exhibit elevated level of GRP78, which protects them from estrogen starvation-induced apoptosis. Our studies revealed that overexpression of GRP78 suppresses apoptosis induced by BIK and NOXA, either alone or in combination. Surprisingly, the interaction of GRP78 with BIK does not require its BH3 domain, which has been implicated in all previous BIK protein interactions. We further showed GRP78 and BCL-2 form independent complex with BIK and that increased expression of GRP78 decreases BIK binding to BCL-2. Our findings provide the first evidence that GRP78 can decrease BCL-2 sequestration by BIK at the endoplasmic reticulum, thus uncovering a potential new mechanism whereby GRP78 confers endocrine resistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089-9176
| | - Yi Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089-9176
| | - Yong Fu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089-9176
| | - Lauren Chan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089-9176
| | - Amy S. Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089-9176
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Integrating stress signals at the endoplasmic reticulum: The BCL-2 protein family rheostat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:564-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|