1
|
Differences in leukocyte differentiation molecule abundances on domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) neutrophils identified by flow cytometry. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 46:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
2
|
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration of the lung is a characteristic feature of allergic asthma and it is thought that these cells are selectively recruited by chemokines. Extensive research has confirmed that chemokine receptors are expressed on the main cell types involved in asthma, including eosinophils, T helper type 2 cells, mast cells and even neutrophils. Moreover, animal experiments have outlined a functional role for these receptors and their ligands. Chemokines signal via seven-transmembrane spanning G-protein coupled receptors, which are favored targets of the pharmaceutical industry due to the possibility of designing small-molecule inhibitors. In fact, this family represents the first group of cytokines where small-molecule inhibitors have been designed. However, the search for efficient antagonists of chemokine/chemokine receptors has not been easy; a particular feature of the chemokine system is the number of molecules with overlapping functions and binding specificities, as well as the difficulty in reconciling the in vivo biologic functional validation of chemokines in rodent models with the development of antagonists which bind the human receptor, because of the lack of species cross-reactivity. The chemokines and their receptors that are active during allergic reactions are reviewed. Possible points of interaction that may be a target for development of new therapies, as well as the progress to date in developing inhibitors of key chemokine receptors for asthma therapy, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Lloyd
- Leukocyte Biology Section, NHLI, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, England
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Wang M, Ge B, Li R, Wang X, Lao J, Huang F. Milligram production and biological activity characterization of the human chemokine receptor CCR3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65500. [PMID: 23755240 PMCID: PMC3670934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human chemokine receptor CCR3 (hCCR3) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily of membrane proteins and plays major roles in allergic diseases and angiogenesis. In order to study the structural and functional mechanism of hCCR3, it is essential to produce pure protein with biological functions on a milligram scale. Here we report the expression of hCCR3 gene in a tetracycline-inducible stable mammalian cell line. A cell clone with high hCCR3 expression was selected from 46 stably transfected cell clones and from this cell line pure hCCR3 on a milligram scale was obtained after two-step purification. Circular dichroism spectrum with a characteristic shape and magnitude for α-helix indicated proper folding of hCCR3 after purification. The biological activity of purified hCCR3 was verified by its high binding affinity with its endogenous ligands CCL11 and CCL24, with K D in the range of 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Renmin Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jun Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chou DL, Gerriets JE, Schelegle ES, Hyde DM, Miller LA. Increased CCL24/eotaxin-2 with postnatal ozone exposure in allergen-sensitized infant monkeys is not associated with recruitment of eosinophils to airway mucosa. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:309-18. [PMID: 21945493 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology supports a causal link between air pollutant exposure and childhood asthma, but the mechanisms are unknown. We have previously reported that ozone exposure can alter the anatomic distribution of CD25+ lymphocytes in airways of allergen-sensitized infant rhesus monkeys. Here, we hypothesized that ozone may also affect eosinophil trafficking to allergen-sensitized infant airways. To test this hypothesis, we measured blood, lavage, and airway mucosa eosinophils in 3-month old monkeys following cyclical ozone and house dust mite (HDM) aerosol exposures. We also determined if eotaxin family members (CCL11, CCL24, CCL26) are associated with eosinophil location in response to exposures. In lavage, eosinophil numbers increased in animals exposed to ozone and/or HDM. Ozone+HDM animals showed significantly increased CCL24 and CCL26 protein in lavage, but the concentration of CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26 was independent of eosinophil number for all exposure groups. In airway mucosa, eosinophils increased with exposure to HDM alone; comparatively, ozone and ozone+HDM resulted in reduced eosinophils. CCL26 mRNA and immunofluorescence staining increased in airway mucosa of HDM alone animals and correlated with eosinophil volume. In ozone+HDM animal groups, CCL24 mRNA and immunofluorescence increased along with CCR3 mRNA, but did not correlate with airway mucosa eosinophils. Cumulatively, our data indicate that ozone exposure results in a profile of airway eosinophil migration that is distinct from HDM mediated pathways. CCL24 was found to be induced only by combined ozone and HDM exposure, however expression was not associated with the presence of eosinophils within the airway mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Chou
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Wegmann M. Th2 cells as targets for therapeutic intervention in allergic bronchial asthma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009; 9:85-100. [PMID: 19099351 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.9.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Th2 cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic bronchial asthma, since each of their characteristic cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 contributes to hallmarks of this disease, including airway eosinophilia, increased mucus production, production of allergen-specific IgE and development of airway hyper-responsiveness. Therefore, these cells are predisposed as target cells for therapeutic intervention. Experimental approaches targeted Th2-type effector cytokines, Th2-cell recruitment and Th2-cell development. Another strategy uses the immunomodulatory potential of tolerance-inducing cytokines such as IL-10 or of cytokines such as IL-12, IL-18 and IFN-gamma that are able to induce a counterbalancing Th1 immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wegmann
- Bereich Experimentelle Pneumologie, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Parkallee 1, D-23845 Borstel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang K, Shen HH, Li W, Huang HQ. Human C-C chemokine receptor 3 monoclonal antibody inhibits pulmonary inflammation in allergic mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1791-6. [PMID: 17959030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) blockade on pulmonary inflammation and mucus production in allergic mice. METHODS We used the synthetic peptide of the CCR3 NH2-terminal as the immunizing antigen and generated murine monoclonal antibody against the human CCR3. In addition, the generated antibody was administered to mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. The inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage, cytokine levels, pulmonary histopathology, and mucus secretion were examined. RESULTS The Western blotting analysis indicated that the generated antibody bound to CCR3 specifically. The allergic mice treated with the antihuman CCR3 antibody exhibited a significant reduction of pulmonary inflammation accompanied with the alteration of cytokine. CONCLUSION The antibody we generated was specific to CCR3. The inhibition of airway inflammation and mucus overproduction by the antibody suggested that the blockade of CCR3 is an appealing therapeutical target for asthma. The present research may provide an experimental basis for the further study of this agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suzuki K, Morokata T, Morihira K, Sato I, Takizawa S, Kaneko M, Takahashi K, Shimizu Y. A dual antagonist for chemokine CCR3 receptor and histamine H1 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 563:224-32. [PMID: 17336292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic chemokines and histamine play distinct but important roles in allergic diseases. Inhibition of both eosinophilic chemokines and histamine, therefore, is an ideal strategy for the treatment of allergic inflammation, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. YM-344484 was found to potently inhibit both the CCL11-induced Ca2+ influx in human CCR3-expressing cells (Kb=1.8 nM) and histamine-induced Ca2+ influx in histamine H1 receptor-expressing PC3 cells (Kb=47 nM). YM-344484 also inhibited the CCL11-induced chemotaxis of human CCR3-expressing cells (IC50=6.2 nM) and CCL11-induced eosinophil-derived neurotoxin release from human eosinophils (IC50=19 nM). Orally administered YM-344484 inhibited the increase in histamine-induced vascular permeability in mice (82% inhibition at a dose of 10 mg/kg) and the accumulation of eosinophils in a mouse asthma model (74% at a dose of 300 mg/kg). These results indicate that YM-344484, a novel and functional dual antagonist for chemokine CCR3 receptor and histamine H1 receptor, is an attractive candidate for development as a novel anti-allergic inflammation drug.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Allergic Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Asthma/chemically induced
- Asthma/complications
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Capillary Permeability/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemotaxis/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin/metabolism
- Eosinophils/drug effects
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Female
- Histamine/pharmacology
- Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Ovalbumin
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Pneumonia/etiology
- Pneumonia/prevention & control
- Pulmonary Eosinophilia/etiology
- Pulmonary Eosinophilia/prevention & control
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Skin/blood supply
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Suzuki
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Osaka 532-8514, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nicholson GC, Tennant RC, Carpenter DC, Sarau HM, Kon OM, Barnes PJ, Salmon M, Vessey RS, Tal-Singer R, Hansel TT. A novel flow cytometric assay of human whole blood neutrophil and monocyte CD11b levels: upregulation by chemokines is related to receptor expression, comparison with neutrophil shape change, and effects of a chemokine receptor (CXCR2) antagonist. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2006; 20:52-9. [PMID: 16406722 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2005.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Smokers who develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have amplified inflammation within their lungs, involving selective tissue accumulation of neutrophils, macrophages and CD8+ T cells. CD11b (Mac-1, alphaMbeta(2)-integrin) is both a complement receptor (CR3) and a cell adhesion molecule present on the surface of peripheral blood leukocytes, and undergoes rapid surface upregulation from preformed cytoplasmic stores on activation. Cellular activation can also trigger chemotaxis and shape change, the activation itself being caused by the binding of chemokines to cell surface receptors. METHODS We developed a method of whole blood flow cytometry to measure neutrophil and monocyte CD11b upregulation on CD16+ and CD14+ cells, employing staining with the nuclear dye LDS-751 immediately before flow cytometry. In addition we assessed neutrophil shape change by modified gated autofluorescence with forward scatter (GAFS), this being correlated with chemotactic responses. RESULTS In smokers with COPD there was a lower maximal shape change for neutrophils in response to CXCL8 (IL-8) in comparison to healthy smokers (p=0.025), and a trend for lower expression of CD11b and shape change in response to CXCL1 (GRO-alpha). Neutrophils were found to predominantly express chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 and respond to CXCL8 with CD11b upregulation, while monocytes express more CCR2 and upregulate CD11b preferentially to CCL2 (MCP-1). A CXCR2 antagonist (SB-656933) was found to inhibit neutrophil CD11b upregulation (IC50=260.7nM) and shape change (IC50=310.5nM) in COPD patients. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils and monocytes participate in inflammatory processes in a range of diseases. These whole blood assays can be employed to monitor activity in disease and perform in vitro and ex vivo assessment of chemokine receptor (CXCR) antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant C Nicholson
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Clinical Studies Unit, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6HP, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morokata T, Suzuki K, Masunaga Y, Taguchi K, Morihira K, Sato I, Fujii M, Takizawa S, Torii Y, Yamamoto N, Kaneko M, Yamada T, Takahashi K, Shimizu Y. A novel, selective, and orally available antagonist for CC chemokine receptor 3. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 317:244-50. [PMID: 16339911 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.097048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CC chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11/eotaxin) and other CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) ligands (CCL24/eotaxin-2, CCL26/eotaxin-3, CCL13/monocyte chemotactic protein-4, etc.) play important roles in the chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils and other CCR3-expressing cells (basophils, mast cells, and CD4(+) T helper 2 cells) in allergic inflammation incidents, including asthma and rhinitis. A newly synthesized compound, N-{(3R)-1-[(6-fluoro-2-naphthyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}-2-{1-[(5-hydroxy-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]piperidin-4-ylidene}-acetamide hemifumarate (YM-355179), inhibited the binding of CCL11 and CCL5/regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted to CCR3-expressing B300-19 cells with IC(50) values of 7.6 and 24 nM, respectively. In contrast, YM-355179 did not affect the binding of CCL5 to CCR1 or CCR5. In functional assays, YM-355179 inhibited CCL11-induced, intracellular Ca(2+) influx, chemotaxis, and eosinophil degranulation with IC(50) values of 8.0, 24, and 29 nM, respectively. YM-355179 did not, however, affect any CC chemokine receptor (CCR1, CCR2, CCR4, or CCR5)-mediated Ca(2+) influx signals. Furthermore, oral administration of YM-355179 (1 mg/kg) inhibited CCL11-induced shape change of whole blood eosinophils in cynomolgus monkeys. Intravenous injection of YM-355179 (1 mg/kg) also inhibited eosinophil infiltration into airways of cynomolgus monkeys after segmental bronchoprovocation with CCL11. These results indicate that YM-355179 is a novel, selective, and orally available CCR3 antagonist with therapeutic potential for treating eosinophil-related allergic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Morokata
- Inflammation Research Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suzuki K, Morokata T, Morihira K, Sato I, Takizawa S, Kaneko M, Takahashi K, Shimizu Y. In vitro and in vivo characterization of a novel CCR3 antagonist, YM-344031. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 339:1217-23. [PMID: 16343433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils play a prominent proinflammatory role in a broad range of diseases, including atopic dermatitis and asthma. Eotaxin-1 and its receptor CCR3 are implicated in the recruitment of eosinophils from blood into inflammatory tissues, therefore inhibition of Eotaxin-1/CCR3 interaction may have therapeutic potential for allergic inflammation with eosinophil infiltration. YM-344031, a novel and selective small molecule CCR3 antagonist, potently inhibited ligand binding (IC(50)=3.0nM), ligand-induced Ca(2+) flux (IC(50)=5.4nM), and the chemotaxis of human CCR3-expressing cells (IC(50)=19.9nM). YM-344031 (1-10mg/kg) orally administered to cynomolgus monkeys significantly inhibited Eotaxin-1-induced eosinophil shape change in whole blood. Additionally, orally administered YM-344031 (100mg/kg) prevented both immediate- and late-phase allergic skin reactions in a mouse allergy model. YM-344031 therefore has potential as a novel and orally available compound for the treatment of allergic inflammation, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Suzuki
- Inflammation Research, Pharmacology Laboratories, Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gupta S, Schulz-Maronde S, Kutzleb C, Richter R, Forssmann WG, Kapp A, Forssmann U, Elsner J. Cloning, expression, and functional characterization of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) CC chemokine receptor 1. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78:1175-84. [PMID: 16204626 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0605326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) has emerged as a relevant factor contributing to inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. Commonly used animal models of allergic airway inflammation, especially murine models, have certain limitations. The elaborate, nonhuman, primate models of asthma display the highest comparability with the situation in humans. These models play an important role in the understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma. To improve the understanding in cynomolgus monkey models, we identified and characterized CCR1 in this nonhuman primate. Initially, we cloned the cynomolgus monkey CCR1 (cCCR1) gene, and the sequence analysis revealed high homology at the nucleotide (92%) and amino acid (88.4%) levels with its human counterpart. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were stably transfected with cCCR1 and used in functional assays. Among those CCR1 ligands tested, CCL14(9-74) was most potent in the induction of intracellular Ca2+ fluxes as observed for human CCR1 (hCCR1). Complete cross-desensitization could be achieved between CCL14(9-74) and CCL15. However, CCL3 could not fully abrogate the response to the potent ligand CCL14(9-74). Competition-binding studies with radiolabeled CCL3 concordantly showed that CCL14(9-74) has a higher affinity to cCCR1 than hCCL3. Moreover, differential tissue-specific expression of cCCR1 was investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, displaying the highest levels in spleen. This study adds basic information needed for the evaluation of the role of CCR1 in the pathophysiology of asthma using the highly relevant cynomolgus monkey model and in addition, aids in the preclinical evaluation of potential novel drugs targeting CCR1.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Line
- Chemokines/pharmacology
- Chemokines, CC/pharmacology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Disease Models, Animal
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Ligands
- Macaca fascicularis/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Rats
- Receptors, CCR1
- Receptors, Chemokine/drug effects
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, An-Institut, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chou DL, Daugherty BL, McKenna EK, Hsu WM, Tyler NK, Plopper CG, Hyde DM, Schelegle ES, Gershwin LJ, Miller LA. Chronic aeroallergen during infancy enhances eotaxin-3 expression in airway epithelium and nerves. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 33:1-8. [PMID: 15834047 PMCID: PMC2715301 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0236rc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have documented that exposure of rhesus monkeys to house dust mite aeroallergen during postnatal development resulted in significant recruitment of eosinophils into the airway mucosa (Clin Exp Allergy 33:1686-1694, 2003). Because eosinophils were not uniformly distributed throughout the five conducting airway generations examined, we speculated that trafficking within anatomic microenvironments of the lung is mediated by differential chemokine expression. To address this question, we used quantitative real-time RT-PCR to evaluate the related eosinophilic chemokines, eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-2 (CCL24), and eotaxin-3 (CCL26) within isolated airways of infant monkey lung. Overall, chemokine mRNA expression levels in house dust mite-exposed airways were as follows: eotaxin-3 > eotaxin > eotaxin-2. Immunofluorescence staining for eotaxin-3 and CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) showed positive cells within epithelium and peripherally located nerve fiber bundles of the airway wall. Epithelial volume of eotaxin-3 within the trachea correlated with epithelial volume of major basic protein. CCR3+ and MHC Class II+ dendritic cells, but not eosinophils or mast cells, co-localized within eotaxin-3+ nerve fiber bundles. We conclude that localized expression of eotaxin-3 plays an important role in the recruitment of diverse CCR3+ cell populations to different anatomic microenvironments within the infant airway in response to chronic allergen exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Chou
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pease JE, Weller CL, Williams TJ. Regulation of eosinophil trafficking in asthma and allergy. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2004:85-100. [PMID: 14699796 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05403-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Pease
- Leucocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Buckland KF, Williams TJ, Conroy DM. Histamine induces cytoskeletal changes in human eosinophils via the H(4) receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 140:1117-27. [PMID: 14530216 PMCID: PMC1574117 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Histamine (0.004-2 microm) induced a concentration-dependent shape change of human eosinophils, but not of neutrophils or basophils, detected as an increase in forward scatter (FSC) in the gated autofluorescence/forward scatter (GAFS) assay. 2. The histamine-induced eosinophil shape change was completely abolished by thioperamide (10 microm), an H3/H4 receptor antagonist, but was not inhibited by pyrilamine or cimetidine (10 microm), H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, respectively. The H4 receptor agonists, clobenpropit and clozapine (0.004-2 microm), which are also H3 receptor antagonists, both induced eosinophil shape change, which was inhibited by thioperamide (10 microm). The H3/H4 receptor agonists, imetit, R-alpha-methyl histamine and N-alpha-methyl histamine (0.004-2 microm) also induced eosinophil shape change. 3. Histamine induced actin polymerisation (0.015-10 microm), intracellular calcium mobilisation (10-100 microm) and a significant upregulation of expression of the cell adhesion molecule CD11b (0.004-10 microm) in eosinophils, all of which were inhibited by thioperamide (10-100 microm). In addition, the H4 receptor agonist/H3 receptor antagonist clozapine (20 microm) stimulated a rise in intracellular calcium in eosinophils. 4. Activation of H4 receptors by histamine (1 microm) primed eosinophils for increased chemotactic responses to eotaxin, but histamine (0.1-10 microm) did not directly induce chemotaxis of eosinophils. 5. Pertussis toxin (1 microg ml-1) inhibited shape change and actin polymerisation responses induced by histamine showing that these effects are mediated by coupling to a Galphai/o G-protein. 6. This study demonstrates that human eosinophils express functional H4 receptors and may provide a novel target for allergic disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen F Buckland
- Leukocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ
| | - Timothy J Williams
- Leukocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ
| | - Dolores M Conroy
- Leukocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|