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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports that the over-the-counter histamine H2 receptor antagonist famotidine could help treat the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared from April 2020. We, therefore, examined reports on interactions between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and histamine receptor antagonists. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed by 19 September 2020, and updated on 28 October 2020, in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar using (COVID-19 OR coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2) AND (histamine antagonist OR famotidine OR cimetidine). ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for COVID-19 and (famotidine or histamine). RESULTS Famotidine may be a useful addition in COVID-19 treatment, but the results from prospective randomized trials are as yet awaited. Bioinformatics/drug repurposing studies indicated that, among several medicines, H1 and H2 receptor antagonists may interact with key viral enzymes. However, in vitro studies have to date failed to show a direct inhibition of famotidine on SARS-CoV-2 replication. CONCLUSIONS Clinical research into the potential benefits of H2 receptor antagonists in managing COVID-19 inflammation began from a simple observation and now is being tested in multi-centre clinical trials. The positive effects of famotidine may be due to H2 receptor-mediated immunomodulatory actions on mast cell histamine-cytokine cross-talk, rather than a direct action on SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Ennis
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Katerina Tiligada
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, M. Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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2
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Schreeb A, Walter M, Odadzic D, Schwed JS, Weizel L, Stark H. Piperazine modification in 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine derivatives as histamine H4 receptor ligands. Pharmazie 2013; 68:521-525. [PMID: 23923631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R) is a promising new target in the therapy of inflammatory and immunomodulatory diseases. The 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine structure has been established as a potent hH4R affinity scaffold. By using the inverse agonist ST-1012 as reference ligand, piperazine modifications were performed to get larger structural variations. Therefore, different spacers were introduced into the lead structure and the influence on affinity of this basic element was evaluated. While a short distance between aminopyrimidine and basic moiety is beneficial, a lipophilic group in the eastern part is necessary to maintain hH4R affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schreeb
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Biozentrum, Goethe University, ZAFES/CMP/IZNF, Frankfurt, Germany
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3
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Humbert-Claude M, Davenas E, Gbahou F, Vincent L, Arrang JM. Involvement of histamine receptors in the atypical antipsychotic profile of clozapine: a reassessment in vitro and in vivo. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 220:225-41. [PMID: 21912901 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The basis of the unique clinical profile of the antipsychotic clozapine is not yet elucidated. Brain histamine receptors may play a role in schizophrenia and its treatment, but their involvement in the profile of clozapine remained unknown. OBJECTIVES We explored the properties of clozapine and its two metabolites, N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC) and clozapine N-oxide, at the four human histaminergic receptors. We compared their active concentrations with their blood concentrations in patients treated by clozapine. We investigated the changes in receptor densities induced in rat brain by repeated administration of a therapeutic dose of clozapine. RESULTS Clozapine and NDMC behaved as very potent, and partial, H(1)-receptor inverse agonists, weak, and full, H(2)-receptor inverse agonists, moderate, and protean, H(3)-receptor agonists, and moderate, and partial, H(4)-receptor agonists. Taking into account their micromolar mean blood concentrations found in 75 treated patients, and assuming that they are enriched in human brain as they are in rat brain, a full occupation of H(1)-, H(3)-, and H(4)-receptors, and a partial occupation of H(2) receptors, is expected. In agreement, repeated administration of clozapine at a therapeutic dose (20 mg/kg/day for 20 days) induced an up-regulation of H(1)- and H(2)-receptors in rat brain. CONCLUSIONS Clozapine and its active metabolite NDMC interact with the four human histamine receptors at clinically relevant concentrations. This interaction may substantiate, at least in part, the atypical antipsychotic profile of clozapine, as well as its central and peripheral side effects such as sedation and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Humbert-Claude
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN, U 894), INSERM, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
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4
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Wallace TL, Ballard TM, Pouzet B, Riedel WJ, Wettstein JG. Drug targets for cognitive enhancement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:130-45. [PMID: 21463652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of novel drug targets for treating cognitive impairments associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders remains a primary focus of study in central nervous system (CNS) research. Many promising new therapies are progressing through preclinical and clinical development, and offer the potential of improved treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as other disorders that have not been particularly well treated to date like the cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). Among targets under investigation, cholinergic receptors have received much attention with several nicotinic agonists (α7 and α4β2) actively in clinical trials for the treatment of AD, CIAS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both glutamatergic and serotonergic (5-HT) agonists and antagonists have profound effects on neurotransmission and improve cognitive function in preclinical experiments with animals; some of these compounds are now in proof-of-concept studies in humans. Several histamine H3 receptor antagonists are in clinical development not only for cognitive enhancement, but also for the treatment of narcolepsy and cognitive deficits due to sleep deprivation because of their expression in brain sleep centers. Compounds that dampen inhibitory tone (e.g., GABA(A) α5 inverse agonists) or elevate excitatory tone (e.g., glycine transporter inhibitors) offer novel approaches for treating diseases such as schizophrenia, AD and Down syndrome. In addition to cell surface receptors, intracellular drug targets such as the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are known to impact signaling pathways that affect long-term memory formation and working memory. Overall, there is a genuine need to treat cognitive deficits associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions as well as an increasingly aging population.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cognition Disorders/drug therapy
- Cognition Disorders/physiopathology
- Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/drug effects
- Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Learning/drug effects
- Learning/physiology
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory/physiology
- Nootropic Agents/pharmacology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Cholinergic/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/physiology
- Receptors, GABA/drug effects
- Receptors, GABA/physiology
- Receptors, Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Glutamate/physiology
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L Wallace
- Center for Neuroscience, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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5
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Rodrigo Casanova MP, Castrillo Villamando S, García Peña JM, Aguilera Celorrio L. [Quetiapine, an antipsychotic agent to consider in the differential diagnosis of convulsions]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2010; 57:320-321. [PMID: 20527351 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(10)70237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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6
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Paakkari I, Karppanen H, Paakkari P. Histaminergic and related mechanisms in the central control of blood pressure. Acta Med Scand Suppl 2009; 625:81-5. [PMID: 34982 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1979.tb00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Abstract
In urethane-anaesthetized rats clonidine was administered intravenously (i.v.), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or onto the surface of the area postrema which protrudes into the fourth cerebral ventricle. In each instance clonidine induced a dose-dependent lowering of the blood pressure. The region of the area postrema appears to be the most sensitive site for the action of clonidine so far studied. In order to obtain similar blood pressure effects, approximately 8 times higher amounts were needed i.c.v., and about 80 times higher amounts i.v., than onto the surface of the area postrema. A pretreatment of the rats with the specific histamine H2-receptor blocking drug, metiamide (4.5 micronmoles/rat i.c.v.) shifted the dose-response curve of clonidine (i.c.v.) to the right. The results suggest that clonidine exerts its hypotensive effect in the rat via a stimulation of histamine H2-receptors in, or in the vicinity of, the area postrema.
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8
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Sümegi A. [Quetiapin in bipolar disorders]. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2008; 10:281-291. [PMID: 19419014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics are now widely used in the acute and long-term treatment in bipolar disorder. The role of atypical antipsychotics as acute agents, add-on medications; or as primary mood stabilizers in different phases of bipolar disorder is an important current research tendency. However, in bipolar disorder the mostly used indication of quetiapine is the management of acute manic phases, clinical data and the actual research results suggest that it may have both antidepressant and long-term antimanic effects. Quetiapine enhances the transmission of the central serotonergic networks, by its high antagonistic affinity for 5-HT(2A) and partial agonistic activity for the 5-HT(1A) receptors. The 5HT(1A) partial agonism causes an increase in the dopaminergic neurotransmission of the prefrontal cortex, and also, the affinity for the alpha 2-adrenoceptor brings a relative increase in extracellular noradrenergic release an tone in the prefrontal cortex. Latest research shows that quetiapine's main, active, human plasma metabolite, N-desalkyl quetiapine (norquetiapine), has a high inhibition affinity for the noradrenergic transporter. These data suggest that comparing to other atypical antipsychotics, norquetiapine may have a relatively strong antidepressant potential. Modifying the dopaminergic transmission by quetiapine's D2 receptor blocking activity results indirect mediating the cAMP-PKA and the arrestin-Akt-GSK-3 intracellular signal transduction pathways, which process may explain its long-term antimanic and mood stabilizing capability. Quetiapine's activity on nerve growth factors, histamine H1 receptor, proinflammatory networks may take an important additional part in its efficacy in bipolar depression. Its very fast dissociation from the D2 receptor is an important pharmakokinetic parameter for managing the optimal quetiapine dose in the daily clinical practice. This review tries to organize the actual information on quetiapine's multiplex activity in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Sümegi
- Vas Megyei Markusovszky Kórház, Pszichiátriai Centrum.
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9
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Abstract
Presynaptic receptors for dopamine, histamine and serotonin that are located on dopaminergic, histaminergic and sertonergic axon terminals, respectively, function as autoreceptors. Presynaptic receptors also occur as heteroreceptors on other axon terminals. Auto- and heteroreceptors mainly affect Ca(2+) -dependent exocytosis from the receptor-bearing nerve ending. Some additionally subserve other presynaptic functions.Presynaptic dopamine, histamine and serotonin receptors are involved in various (patho)physiological conditions. Examples are the following:Dopamine autoreceptors play a role in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and drug addiction. Dopamine heteroreceptors affecting the release of acetylcholine and of amino acid neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia are also relevant for Parkinson's disease. Peripheral dopamine heteroreceptors on postganglionic sympathetic terminals influence heart rate and vascular resistance through modulation of noradrenaline release. Blockade of histamine autoreceptors increases histamine synthesis and release and may support higher CNS functions such as arousal, cognition and learning. Peripheral histamine heteroreceptors on C fiber and on postganglionic sympathetic fiber terminals diminish neuropeptide and noradrenaline release, respectively. Both inhibititory effects are beneficial in myocardial ischemia. The inhibition of neuropeptide release also explains the antimigraine effects of some agonists of presynaptic histamine receptors. Upregulation of presynaptic serotonin autoreceptors is probably involved in the pathogenesis of major depression. Correspondingly, antidepressant treatments can be linked with a reduced density of 5-HT autoreceptors. 5-HT Heteroreceptor activation diminishes acetylcholine and GABA release and may therefore increase anxiety. In the periphery, presynaptic 5-HT heteroreceptor agonists shorten migraine attacks by inhibition of the release of neuropeptides from trigeminal afferents, apart from their constrictive action on meningeal vessels.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine Agents/pharmacology
- Dopamine Agents/therapeutic use
- Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine/physiology
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/physiology
- Receptors, Presynaptic/drug effects
- Receptors, Presynaptic/metabolism
- Receptors, Presynaptic/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
- Serotonin Agents/pharmacology
- Serotonin Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Feuerstein
- Neurochirurgische Universitätsklinik Breisacherstrasse, 64 D - 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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10
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Holden NS, Gong W, King EM, Kaur M, Giembycz MA, Newton R. Potentiation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and inflammatory mediator release by histamine in human airway epithelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:891-902. [PMID: 17891168 PMCID: PMC2078227 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In asthma, histamine contributes to bronchoconstriction, vasodilatation and oedema, and is associated with the late phase response. The current study investigates possible inflammatory effects of histamine acting on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent transcription and cytokine release. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells, NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and both release and mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were examined by reporter assay, ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR. Histamine receptors were detected using qualitative RT-PCR and function examined using selective agonists and antagonists. KEY RESULTS Addition of histamine to TNFalpha-stimulated BEAS-2B cells maximally potentiated NF-kappaB-dependent transcription 1.8 fold, whereas IL-6 and IL-8 protein release were enhanced 7.3- and 2.7-fold respectively. These responses were, in part, NF-kappaB-dependent and were associated with 2.6- and 1.7-fold enhancements of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression. The H(1) receptor antagonist, mepyramine, caused a rightward shift in the concentration-response curves of TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB-dependent transcription (pA(2)=9.91) and release of IL-6 (pA(2)=8.78) and IL-8 (pA(2)=8.99). Antagonists of histamine H(2), H(3) and H(4) receptors were without effect. Similarly, H(3) and H(4) receptor agonists did not affect TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, or IL-6 and IL-8 release at concentrations below 10 microM. The anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, inhibited the histamine enhanced NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and IL-6 and IL-8 release. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Potentiation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and inflammatory cytokine release by histamine predominantly involves receptors of the H(1) receptor subtype. These data support an anti-inflammatory role for H(1) receptor antagonists by preventing the transcription and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Holden
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - W Gong
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - E M King
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Kaur
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M A Giembycz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Newton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Author for correspondence:
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11
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Neuhaus J, Schwalenberg T, Schlichting N, Schulze M, Horn LC, Stolzenburg JU. Neue Verfahren der optimalen Patientenselektion für die anticholinerge Therapie. Urologe A 2007; 46:1202-6. [PMID: 17639294 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-007-1481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND M3-specific inhibitors are currently preferred for anticholinergic therapy of OAB. However, not all of the patients profit from this regimen. This might reflect a heterogeneity of the patient group. The aim of this work is to define subgroups of patients with specific alterations of receptor expression and to profile the receptor expression individually. These receptor profiles might be used for the development of evidence-based "tailored" therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Detrusor probes from bladder carcinoma patients (BCa, n=9 F, n=7 male) and interstitial cystitis patients (IC, n=9 female) were examined using confocal immunofluorescence and PCR. RESULTS M2, M3, P2X1-3, and H1-3 mRNAs were demonstrated in detrusor tissue. As revealed by immunofluorescence, the M2 receptor expression was significantly higher in female compared to male BCa tissues. In addition, the M2 receptor was further upregulated in IC vs BCa in female detrusor. CONCLUSIONS IC patients showed specific alterations of their receptor profile. Individual receptor profiles might be used to optimize medicinal therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Aged
- Cholinergic Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Cystitis, Interstitial/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Middle Aged
- Patient Selection
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/genetics
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Muscarinic/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Purinergic/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
- Urinary Bladder/drug effects
- Urinary Bladder/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Urinary Bladder, Overactive/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder, Overactive/pathology
- Urinary Incontinence, Urge/drug therapy
- Urinary Incontinence, Urge/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Neuhaus
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig.
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12
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Breunig E, Michel K, Zeller F, Seidl S, Weyhern CWHV, Schemann M. Histamine excites neurones in the human submucous plexus through activation of H1, H2, H3 and H4 receptors. J Physiol 2007; 583:731-42. [PMID: 17627982 PMCID: PMC2277025 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.139352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a major mast cell mediator of immunoneural signalling in the gut and mast cells play a role in the pathophysiology of functional and inflammatory bowel diseases. Histamine receptors are therefore promising drug targets to treat gut disorders. We aimed to study the so far unknown effect of histamine on neural activity in the human enteric nervous system (ENS) and to identify the pharmacology of histamine response. We used fast imaging techniques in combination with the potentiometric dye di-8-ANEPPS to monitor directly membrane potential changes and thereby neuronal excitability in the human submucous plexus from surgical specimens of 110 patients (2137 neurones, 273 ganglia). Local microejection of histamine resulted in action potential discharge in 37% of neurones. This excitatory effect was mimicked by the H(1) agonist HTMT-dimaleat, H(2) agonist dimaprit, H(3) agonist (R)-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine and H(4) agonist 4-methylhistamine. The excitatory actions of the agonists were specifically and selectively blocked by the H(1), H(2), H(3) or H(4) receptor antagonists pyrilamine, ranitidine, clobenpropit or J1-[(5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]-4-methylpiperazine (JNJ 7777120), respectively. Clobenproprit reduced the excitatory response to histamine. Unlike in the guinea-pig ENS (R)-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine had no presynaptic actions in human submucous plexus. Application of agonists revealed receptor clustering which was as follows: 29% H(1)/H(3), 27% H(2), 20% H(1)/H(2)/H(3), 10% H(3), 7% H(1)/H(2) and 7% H(2)/H(3). Histamine excites human enteric neurones and this effect involves all four histamine receptors; most striking was the identification of an excitatory H(3) mediated component and the discovery of H(4) mediated neuronal excitation. These data may form the basis of identification of new targets to treat inflammatory and functional gut disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Female
- Histamine/administration & dosage
- Histamine/metabolism
- Histamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Intestine, Large/innervation
- Intestine, Small/innervation
- Male
- Membrane Potentials
- Microinjections
- Middle Aged
- Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H2/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H3/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H4
- Submucous Plexus/drug effects
- Submucous Plexus/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Breunig
- Department of Human Biology, Technische Universität München, Hochfeldweg 2, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Antidepressant medications have eased the suffering of millions of people. In addition to treating depression, antidepressant drugs also treat several anxiety disorders. Unfortunately, there are problematic limitations with antidepressant agents, including a delayed therapeutic response and insufficient efficacy. Emerging evidence shows that atypical antipsychotic agents can be used as augmentation therapy in patients with poor responses to antidepressants. Future drugs combining key features of antidepressant and atypical antipsychotic agents could offer new promise for patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and depression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzodiazepines/pharmacology
- Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy
- Depressive Disorder, Major/metabolism
- Dibenzothiazepines/pharmacology
- Dibenzothiazepines/therapeutic use
- Drug Design
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Humans
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/drug therapy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/metabolism
- Olanzapine
- Quetiapine Fumarate
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Risperidone/pharmacology
- Risperidone/therapeutic use
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Rasmussen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Currently available treatments for schizophrenia have limited efficacy and are generally poorly tolerated. However, among these antipsychotic agents, clozapine stands apart in having generally superior motoric tolerability and efficacy. One intriguing possibility, based on clinical correlations, receptor activity profiles and studies with animal models predictive of antipsychotic or cognitive action is that the activity of N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC), a major metabolite of clozapine, may, at least in part, underlie the unique efficacy of clozapine. In this review we compare the pharmacological properties of NDMC to those of clozapine and consider how they may contribute to the overall clinical properties of clozapine. We also consider whether NDMC, in its own right, might be a superior antipsychotic drug.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/metabolism
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use
- Clozapine/analogs & derivatives
- Clozapine/metabolism
- Clozapine/pharmacology
- Clozapine/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/physiology
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/physiology
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Muscarinic/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
- Schizophrenia/drug therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelveh Lameh
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc, San Diego, California, USA.
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15
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Abstract
The central histaminergic system is reported to mediate behavioural, hormonal and physiological homeostasis of living organisms. Recent reports indicate its prominent role in various neurobehavioural disorders such as depression and psychosis. This study evaluated the effect of activation of the central histaminergic system in anxiety-like conditions, using the elevated plus-maze test in mice, and elucidated the role of different histaminergic receptors mediating such effects. Peripheral administration of L-histidine (L-His), in a dose-dependent manner, significantly decreased the exploration time in open arms and number of entries into open arms without modifying the number of entries into closed arms of the elevated plus-maze, indicating anxiogenesis. Further, such effects of central histamine were significantly attenuated, in a dose-dependent manner, by pretreatment with pyrilamine (H1 receptor antagonist). Pretreatment with either zolantidine (H2 receptor antagonist) or thioperamide (H3 receptor antagonist), however, failed to attenuate the L-His-induced anxiogenesis. Our results indicate that anxiogenic effects of central histaminergic system appear to be mediated prominently by activation of H1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuchibhotla Vijaya Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Huang L, Adachi N, Nagaro T, Liu K, Arai T. Histaminergic Involvement in Neuropathic Pain Produced by Partial Ligation of the Sciatic Nerve in Rats. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2007; 32:124-9. [PMID: 17350523 DOI: 10.1016/j.rapm.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Because the histaminergic system in the brain is involved in regulation of pain, the relationship between central histaminergic activity and neuropathic pain is of interest. METHODS Neuropathic pain was induced in rats by partial ligation of the left sciatic nerve, and changes in the extracellular concentration of histamine in the right striatum were examined by a microdialysis procedure 2 weeks later. The nociceptive threshold was determined with von Frey tests, and effects of histaminergic ligands were examined. RESULTS Although the extracellular concentration of histamine did not differ between the sham-operated and ligated groups, histaminergic activity assessed by metoprine-induced accumulation of histamine was facilitated in ligated animals. The metoprine treatment ameliorated neuropathic pain in ligated animals, although the agent did not affect the threshold in sham-operated rats. Either intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of histamine (30 microg) or intraperitoneal (IP) administration of L-histidine (370 mg/kg) decreased the nociceptive threshold in ligated rats. However, a high dose of histamine (180 microg ICV) increased the nociceptive threshold. Ranitidine (100 microg ICV), an H2 antagonist, increased the threshold, whereas pyrilamine (15 microg ICV), an H1 antagonist, showed no remarkable change. Administration of thioperamide (30 microg ICV), an H3 antagonist, increased the threshold, although systemic administration of the agent (3.6 mg/kg IP) decreased it. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of supraspinal histamine H2 receptors or stimulation of spinal H3 receptors may contribute to alleviation of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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Zhang M, Thurmond RL, Dunford PJ. The histamine H4 receptor: A novel modulator of inflammatory and immune disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 113:594-606. [PMID: 17275092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
All 4 known histamine receptors (H(1)R, H(2)R, H(3)R and H(4)R) have been used or proposed as therapeutic targets for varied diseases. This article reviews the recent progress in understanding the function of the recently described histamine receptor H(4)R in a variety of immune responses and the potential therapeutic value of H(4)R antagonists. The H(4)R is expressed primarily on cells involved in inflammation and immune response. It has effects on chemotaxis, as well as cytokine and chemokine production of mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and T cells. H(4)R antagonists, JNJ 7777120 and JNJ 10191584 (also known as VUF 6002) have been developed with excellent affinity and selectivity towards human and rodent H(4)R. These antagonists also demonstrate efficacy as anti-inflammatory agents in vivo. H(4)R antagonists have shown promising activity in down-regulating immune responses in a range of animal disease models including acute inflammation, hapten-mediated colitis, and allergic airway inflammation. Due to its distribution on immune cells and its proven role in inflammatory functions, the H(4)R appears to be a therapeutic target for the treatment of a variety of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Zhang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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18
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Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an explosion of knowledge about the neural mechanisms that control sleep and arousal, triggered by two discoveries relating to the sleep disorder narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is caused by the loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus, and a novel nonstimulant wakefulness-promoting drug, modafinil, alleviates excessive day-time sleepiness associated with the disorder. The level of arousal is controlled by an intricate interplay between distinct wakefulness- and sleep-promoting nuclei situated in the hypothalamus and brainstem and the interconnections between the nuclei and the neurotransmitters involved have been mapped. Wakefulness-promoting nuclei include the orexinergic lateral hypothalamic/perifornical area, the histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus, the cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic raphe nuclei and possibly the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area. The major sleep-promoting nucleus is the GABAergic ventrolateral preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Currently available and future drugs exert their therapeutic effects in the three major classes of sleep disorder (insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia) by modifying neurotransmission at distinct sites within the arousal-controlling neuronal network. This enables classification of therapeutic drugs for sleep disorders on the basis of their modes of action: drugs that interact with the GABAergic sleep-promoting system, drugs that interact with different wakefulness-promoting systems and drugs that modulate the level of arousal by mechanisms that do not initially involve the basic network (e.g. melatonin, adenosine). The development of novel therapeutic drugs for sleep disorders is based on the synthesis of molecular/cellular mechanisms and the sites of action within the arousal-controlling neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elemer Szabadi
- Psychopharmacology Section, University of Nottingham, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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Smith FM, Haskelberg H, Tracey DJ, Moalem-Taylor G. Role of histamine H3 and H4 receptors in mechanical hyperalgesia following peripheral nerve injury. Neuroimmunomodulation 2007; 14:317-25. [PMID: 18401194 DOI: 10.1159/000125048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histamine is a chemical mediator that acts at four known types of histamine receptors and has been widely implicated in the development of nociception and neuropathic pain. Blocking histamine H(1) and H(2) receptors has been shown to reduce hyperalgesia following nerve injury, but the role of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors in neuropathic pain has not been studied. Here, we used blockers of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors to assess their effects on neuropathic pain behavior and mast cell numbers following peripheral nerve injury. In addition, we assessed the effect of activating H(4) receptors on neuropathic pain behavior. METHODS Rats were subjected to a partial ligation of the sciatic nerve, a model of neuropathic pain, and were treated either systemically or locally (hindpaw) with the H(3)/H(4) receptor inverse agonist thioperamide, the specific H(4) receptor antagonist JNJ 7777120, or the H(4) receptor agonist VUF 8430. Measurements of mechanical hyperalgesia were carried out by Randall-Selitto test for 1-3 weeks, and sciatic nerve tissues were analyzed for numbers of intact mast cells by histology at 9 h after surgery. RESULTS Rats treated with thioperamide or JNJ 7777120 showed significantly enhanced mechanical hyperalgesia after partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. The number of intact mast cells in the injured nerve of these rats was higher than in control rats suggesting reduced mast cell degranulation, but was still significantly lower than in intact nerves. Rats treated with VUF 8430 showed significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia. CONCLUSION We propose that the increase in mechanical hyperalgesia produced by thioperamide and JNJ 7777120 and the decrease in mechanical hyperalgesia produced by VUF 8430 may represent a direct effect of these agents on mechanospecific primary afferents, or an indirect effect of these agents via injury-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Smith
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Biswas P, Canosa S, Schoenfeld D, Schoenfeld J, Li P, Cheas LC, Zhang J, Cordova A, Sumpio B, Madri JA. PECAM-1 affects GSK-3beta-mediated beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation. Am J Pathol 2006; 169:314-24. [PMID: 16816383 PMCID: PMC1698776 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) regulates a variety of endothelial and immune cell biological responses. PECAM-1-null mice exhibit prolonged and increased permeability after inflammatory insults. We observed that in PECAM-1-null endothelial cells (ECs), beta-catenin remained tyrosine phosphorylated, coinciding with a sustained increase in permeability. Src homology 2 domain containing phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) association with beta-catenin was diminished in PECAM-1-null ECs, suggesting that lack of PECAM-1 inhibits the ability of this adherens junction component to become dephosphorylated, promoting a sustained increase in permeability. beta-Catenin/Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3beta) association and beta-catenin serine phosphorylation levels were increased and beta-catenin expression levels were reduced in PECAM-1-null ECs. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3beta) serine phosphorylation (inactivation) was blunted in PECAM-1-null ECs after histamine treatment or shear stress. Our data suggest that PECAM-1 serves as a critical dynamic regulator of endothelial barrier permeability. On stimulation by a vasoactive substance or shear stress, PECAM-1 became tyrosine phosphorylated, enabling recruitment of SHP-2 and tyrosine-phosphorylated beta-catenin to its cytoplasmic domain, facilitating dephosphorylation of beta-catenin, and allowing reconstitution of adherens junctions. In addition, PECAM-1 modulated the levels of beta-catenin by regulating the activity of GSK-3beta, which in turn affected the serine phosphorylation of beta-catenin and its proteosomal degradation, affecting the ability of the cell to reform adherens junctions in a timely fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purba Biswas
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., Lauder Hall, Rm. L115, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Yanai K, Tashiro M. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of neuronal histamine: an insight from human positron emission tomography studies. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 113:1-15. [PMID: 16890992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Histamine neurons are exclusively located in the posterior hypothalamus, and project their fibers to almost all regions of the human brain. Although a significant amount of research has been done to clarify the functions of the histaminergic neuron system in animals, a few studies have been reported on the roles of this system in the human brain. In past studies, we have been able to clarify some of the functions of histamine neurons using different methods, such as histamine-related gene knockout mice or human positron emission tomography (PET). The histaminergic neuron system is known to modulate wakefulness, the sleep-wake cycle, appetite control, learning, memory and emotion. Accordingly we have proposed that histamine neurons have a dual effect on the CNS, with both stimulatory and suppressive actions. As a stimulator, neuronal histamine is one of the most important systems that stimulate and maintain wakefulness. Brain histamine also functions as a suppressor in bioprotection against various noxious and unfavorable stimuli of convulsion, drug sensitization, denervation supersensitivity, ischemic lesions and stress susceptibility. This review summarizes our works on the functions of histamine neurons using human PET studies, including the development of radiolabeled tracers for histamine H1 receptors (H1R: (11)C-doxepin and (11)C-pyrilamine), PET measurements of H1R in depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and studies on the sedative effects of antihistamines using H(2)(15)O and H1R occupancy in the human brain. These molecular and functional PET studies in humans are useful for drug development in this millennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
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Watanabe M, Kazuta Y, Hayashi H, Yamada S, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Stereochemical Diversity-Oriented Conformational Restriction Strategy. Development of Potent Histamine H3 and/or H4 Receptor Antagonists with an Imidazolylcyclopropane Structure. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5587-96. [PMID: 16942032 DOI: 10.1021/jm0603318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemical diversity-oriented conformational restriction strategy can be an efficient method for developing specific ligands for drug target proteins, especially in cases where neither the bioactive conformation nor the pharmacophore is known. To develop potent H3 and H4 receptor antagonists, a series of conformationally restricted analogues of histamine with a chiral cis- or trans-cyclopropane structure were designed on the basis of this strategy. These target compounds with stereochemical diversity were synthesized from the versatile chiral cyclopropane units (1S,2R)- and (1R,2R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-1-formylcyclopropane (6 and 7, respectively) or their enantiomers ent-6 and ent-7. Pharmacological profiles of these conformationally restricted analogues were shown to be different depending on the cyclopropane backbones. Among the analogues, (1R,2S)-2-[2-(4-chlorobenzylamino)ethyl]-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (11a) with the (1R)-trans-cyclopropane structure has remarkable antagonistic activity to both the H3 (Ki = 8.4 nM) and H4 (Ki = 7.6 nM) receptors. The enantiomer of 11a, i.e., ent-11a, with the (1S)-trans-cyclopropane structure turned out to be a highly potent and selective H3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 3.6 nM. Conversely, (1R,2R)-2-[(4-chlorobenzylamino)methyl]-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (10a) with the (1R)-trans structure was selective for the H4 receptor (Ki = 118 nM) compared to the H3 receptor (Ki > 10(3) nM). Thus, a variety of compounds with different pharmacological profiles have been developed. These results show that when the structure of the target protein is unknown, the stereochemical diversity-oriented approach can be a powerful strategy in medicinal chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Yamamoto T, Niwa S, Iwayama S, Koganei H, Fujita SI, Takeda T, Kito M, Ono Y, Saitou Y, Takahara A, Iwata S, Yamamoto H, Shoji M. Discovery, structure–activity relationship study, and oral analgesic efficacy of cyproheptadine derivatives possessing N-type calcium channel inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5333-9. [PMID: 16616501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antiallergic drug cyproheptadine (Cyp) is known to have inhibitory activities for L-type calcium channels in addition to histamine and serotonin receptors. Since we found that Cyp had an inhibitory activity against N-type calcium channel, Cyp was optimized to obtain more selective N-type calcium channel blocker with analgesic action. As a consequence of the optimization, we found 13 with potent N-type calcium channel inhibitory activity which had lower inhibitory activities against L-type calcium channel, histamine (H1), and serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors than those of Cyp. 13 showed an oral analgesic activity in rat formalin-induced pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Ajinomoto company Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Japan
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24
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Kulkarni KH, Opere CA, LeDay AM, Shara MA, Ohia SE. Regulation of Norepinephrine Release from Isolated Bovine Irides by Histamine. Neurochem Res 2006; 31:891-7. [PMID: 16804758 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of histamine on sympathetic neurotransmission from isolated, superfused bovine irides. We also studied the pharmacology of prejunctional histamine receptors that regulate the release of norepinephrine (NE) from this tissue. The effect of exogenous histamine and various histamine receptor agonists was examined on the release of [(3)H]-norepinephrine ([(3)H]NE) triggered by electrical field stimulation using the Superfusion Method. Histamine receptor agonists caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of field-stimulated [(3)H]NE overflow with the following rank order of potency: imetit > histamine > R-alpha-methylhistamine. In all cases, the inhibitory action of histamine receptor agonists was attenuated at high concentrations of these compounds. The histamine receptor antagonists, clobenpropit (H(3)-antagonist/H(4)-agonist) and thioperamide (H(3)-antagonist) blocked the inhibitory response elicited by R-alpha-methylhistamine and imetit, respectively. Inhibitory effects of R-alpha-methylhistamine and clonidine were not additive suggesting that prejunctional H(3)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors coexist at neurotransmitter release sites. We conclude that histamine produces an inhibitory action on sympathetic neurotransmission in the bovine iris, an effect mimicked by selective H(3)-receptor agonists and blocked by H(3)-antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh H Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 141 Science and Research Building 2, TX 77204, USA
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Gbahou F, Vincent L, Humbert-Claude M, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Chabret C, Arrang JM. Compared pharmacology of human histamine H3 and H4 receptors: structure-activity relationships of histamine derivatives. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147:744-54. [PMID: 16432504 PMCID: PMC1751501 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Various histamine derivatives were investigated at the human H3 receptor (H3R) and H4 receptor (H4R) stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells using [125I]iodoproxyfan and [3H]histamine binding, respectively. In Tris buffer, [3H]histamine binding to membranes of HEK(hH4R) cells was monophasic (K(D) of 3.8+/-0.8 nM). In phosphate buffer, the Hill coefficient was decreased (n(H) = 0.5+/-0.1) and a large fraction of the binding was converted into a low-affinity component (K(D) = 67+/-27 nM). The inhibition of [3H]histamine binding by two agonists, a protean agonist and five antagonists/inverse agonists confirms that the potency of many H3R ligands is retained or only slightly reduced at the H4R. Histamine derivatives substituted with methyl groups in alpha, beta or N(alpha) position of the side chain retained a nanomolar potency at the H3R, but their affinity was dramatically decreased at the H4R. With relative potencies to histamine of 282 and 0.13% at the H3R and H4R, respectively, (+/-)-alpha,beta-dimethylhistamine is a potent and selective H3R agonist. Chiral alpha-branched analogues exhibited a marked stereoselectivity at the H3R and H4R, the enantiomers with a configuration equivalent to L-histidine being preferred at both receptors. The methylsubstitution of the imidazole ring was also studied. The relative potency to histamine of 4-methylhistamine (4-MeHA) at the H4R (67%) was similar to that reported at H2 receptors but, owing to its high affinity at the H4R (Ki = 7.0+/-1.2 nM) and very low potency at H1- and H3-receptors, it can be considered as a potent and selective H4R agonist. On inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP formation, all the compounds tested, including 4-MeHA, behaved as full agonists at both receptors. However, the maximal inhibition achieved at the H4R (approximately -30%) was much lower than at the H3R (approximately -80%). Thioperamide behaved as an inverse agonist at both receptors and increased cAMP formation with the same maximal effect (approximately +25%). In conclusion, although the pharmacological profiles of the human H3R and H4R overlap, the structure-activity relationships of histamine derivatives at both receptors strongly differ and lead to the identification of selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gbahou
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ludwig Vincent
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie Humbert-Claude
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Joel Tardivel-Lacombe
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Claude Chabret
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Arrang
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
- Author for correspondence:
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Neuhaus J, Oberbach A, Schwalenberg T, Stolzenburg JU. Cultured smooth muscle cells of the human vesical sphincter are more sensitive to histamine than are detrusor smooth muscle cells. Urology 2006; 67:1086-92. [PMID: 16635523 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare histamine receptor expression in cultured smooth muscle cells from the human detrusor and internal sphincter using receptor-specific agonists. METHODS Smooth muscle cells from the bladder dome and internal sphincter were cultured from 5 male patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer therapy. Calcium transients in cells stimulated with carbachol, histamine, histamine receptor 1 (H1R)-specific heptanecarboxamide (HTMT), dimaprit (H2R), and R-(alpha)-methylhistamine (H3R) were measured by calcium imaging. Histamine receptor proteins were detected by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS H1R, H2R, and H3R expression was found in tissue and cultured cells. Carbachol stimulated equal numbers of detrusor and sphincter cells (60% and 51%, respectively). Histamine stimulated significantly more cells than carbachol in detrusor (100%) and sphincter (99.34%) cells. Calcium responses to carbachol in detrusor and sphincter cells were comparable and did not differ from those to histamine in detrusor cells. However, histamine and specific agonists stimulated more sphincter cells than did carbachol (P <0.001), and the calcium increase was greater in sphincter cells than in detrusor cells. Single cell analysis revealed comparable H2R responses in detrusor and sphincter cells, but H1R and H3R-mediated calcium reactions were significantly greater in sphincter cells. CONCLUSIONS Histamine very effectively induces calcium release in smooth muscle cells. In sphincter cells, histamine is even more effective than carbachol regarding the number of reacting cells and the intracellular calcium increase. Some of the variability in the outcome of antihistaminic interstitial cystitis therapies might be caused by the ineffectiveness of the chosen antihistaminic or unintentional weakening of sphincteric function.
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MESH Headings
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carbachol/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cystectomy
- Histamine/analogs & derivatives
- Histamine/pharmacology
- Histamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H2/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H2/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H3/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H3/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder/cytology
- Urinary Bladder/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Neuhaus
- Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Govoni M, Lim HD, El-Atmioui D, Menge WMPB, Timmerman H, Bakker RA, Leurs R, De Esch IJP. A Chemical Switch for the Modulation of the Functional Activity of Higher Homologues of Histamine on the Human Histamine H3 Receptor: Effect of Various Substitutions at the Primary Amino Function. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2549-57. [PMID: 16610798 DOI: 10.1021/jm0504353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to establish the structural requirements for agonism, neutral antagonism, and inverse agonism at the human histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) we have prepared a series of higher homologues of histamine in which the terminal nitrogen of the side chain has been either mono- or disubstituted with several aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic moieties or incorporated in cyclic systems. The novel ligands have been pharmacologically investigated in vitro for their affinities on the human H(3)R and H(4)R subtypes by radioligand displacement experiments and for their intrinsic H(3)R activities via a CRE-mediated beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay. Subtle changes of the substitution pattern at the side chain nitrogen alter enormously the pharmacological activity of the ligands, resulting in a series of compounds with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. Among the several neutral H(3)R antagonists identified within this series, compounds 2b and 2h display an H(3)R affinity in the low nanomolar concentration range (pK(i) values of 8.1 and 8.4, respectively). A very potent and selective H(3)R agonist (1l, pEC(50) = 8.9, alpha = 0.94) and a very potent, though not highly selective, H(3)R inverse agonist (2k, pIC(50) = 8.9, alpha = -0.97) have been identified as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinella Govoni
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
In addition to its well-characterized effects in the acute allergic inflammatory responses, histamine has been demonstrated to affect chronic inflammation and regulate several essential events in the immune response. Histamine can selectively recruit the major effector cells into tissue sites and affect their maturation, activation, polarization, and other functions leading to chronic inflammation. Histamine also regulates dendritic cells, T cells and B cells, as well as related antibody isotype responses. In addition, acting through its receptor 2, histamine positively interferes with the peripheral antigen tolerance induced by T regulatory cells in several pathways. The diverse effects of histamine on immune regulation appear to be due to differential expression and regulation of 4 types of histamine receptors and their distinct intracellular signals. In addition, differences in affinities of these receptors for histamine is highly decisive for the biological effects of histamine and drugs that target histamine receptors. This article highlights recent discoveries in histamine immunobiology and discusses their relevance in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Obere Strasse 22, CH-7270 Davos, Switzerland.
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De Luca L. Naturally occurring and synthetic imidazoles: their chemistry and their biological activities. Curr Med Chem 2006; 13:1-23. [PMID: 16457636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoles are an important class of heterocycles and include many substances of both biological and chemical interest. They are part of a large number of highly significant biomolecules such as the essential amino acid histidine and related compounds, biotin, and the imidazole alkaloids. Insertion of the imidazole nucleus is an important synthetic strategy in drug discovery. Imidazole drugs have broad applications in many areas of clinical medicine. The imidazoles are a class of antifungal azole derivatives and have a broad spectrum of activities both in vitro and in vivo. The imidazole moiety is also contained in many histaminergic ligands for histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptors. These are currently used as tools in pharmacological studies. The important therapeutic properties of imidazole related drugs have encouraged the medicinal chemists to synthesize and test a large number of novel molecules. Some of these have chemotherapeutic properties, such as for example several FTase inhibitors with an imidazole moiety. Imidazole derivatives have also been shown to have antibacterial activity and recently several P38 MAP Kinase inhibitors and 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors containing the imidazole moiety have been synthesized. This review reports current progress in the area of new biologically active imidazoles and recently discovered naturally occurring imidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Vienna 2, Sassari (07100), Italy.
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del Cuvillo A, Mullol J, Bartra J, Dávila I, Jáuregui I, Montoro J, Sastre J, Valero AL. Comparative pharmacology of the H1 antihistamines. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006; 16 Suppl 1:3-12. [PMID: 17357372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
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Abstract
There have been many proposed theories for effectively treating melanoma, especially through the regulation of histamine. Histamine has been proven to be a major regulator of the immune system's T-helper cell subset balance and major shifts in this balance towards TH2 cytokines have contributed to diseases such as asthma, lupus and cancer. Histamine also causes suppression of interferon-induced proteins needed for anti-tumor response and activates T-suppressor cell function in cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Scientific evidence has suggested the possibility of an anthistamine approach as treatment to these diseases and for melanoma, there has been great promise. This is due to the fact that melanotic cells have been elucidated to express histamine receptors and as a result, regulation of histamine could occur specifically at the site of these epidermal growths. Another factor to consider is how effective an inflammatory response can be when combined with regulation of histamine. Inflammation is a very powerful tool against pathogenic environments by causing cytokine recruitment and migration of dendritic cells to infected sites. Adequate stimulation of an inflammatory response at the specific site of any cancerous region would greatly weaken its evasive mechanisms. However, there are no reports showing high efficacy utilizing the benefits of regulating inflammation and histamine that could cause TH1 subset levels to predominate, down-regulate T-suppressor cells, up-regulate interferon-induced proteins and properly sustain migration of dendritic cells concurrently. These benefits have been proven in separate instances for a range of diseases but have not been assessed as a combined modality for melanoma therapy. Therefore successful melanoma treatment should integrate these principles involving: the use of H2 antagonists for preventing the negative effects of histamine, monoclonal antibodies to ensure an effective dendritic cell response, and routine pro-inflammatory induction at the specific site of the melanotic tissue to ensure recognition of the cancer that has evaded immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kavekos
- Department of Immunology, Center for Molecular Cell Biology, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, P.O. Box 3091 Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA.
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Mesplès B, Fontaine RH, Lelièvre V, Launay JM, Gressens P. Neuronal TGF-beta1 mediates IL-9/mast cell interaction and exacerbates excitotoxicity in newborn mice. Neurobiol Dis 2005; 18:193-205. [PMID: 15649710 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2004] [Revised: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 09/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneocortical injection of ibotenate, a glutamate analog, in newborn mice produces damage mimicking lesions observed in human infants with cerebral palsy. Previous research using this model has demonstrated that pretreatment with IL-9, a Th2 cytokine, significantly exacerbated excitotoxic brain lesions. The goal of this study is to identify the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of lesion formation. Pretreatment with TGF-beta1 produced the same effects as IL-9 on ibotenate-induced lesions. IL-9 effects were abolished when a specific TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibody is administered at the same time. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry showed that pretreatment with IL-9 increased TGF-beta1 neocortical expression. In vitro studies using real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that neurons were a major contributor in IL-9-induced increase of TGF-beta1. In c-Kit mast cell-deficient mice, TGF-beta1 failed to exacerbate excitotoxic brain lesions, suggesting a key role of mast cells in TGF-beta1 effects. A specific inhibitor of mast cell degranulation and histamine receptor blockers abrogated TGF-beta1 effects on excitotoxic lesions, providing further evidence of mast cell involvement and the role of mast cell-derived histamine. Finally, in vitro studies using a mast cell line showed that TGF-beta1 increased histamine in the supernatant. In aggregate, these data support the notion that neuronal TGF-beta1 plays a key role in the IL-9/mast cell interaction, which leads to an exacerbation of neonatal excitotoxic damage through an increased extracellular histamine concentration. The identification of this pathway, if confirmed in human neonates, might have important implications for understanding and preventing cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Mesplès
- INSERM E 9935 and Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
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Brash HM, McQueen DS, Christie D, Bell JK, Bond SM, Rees JL. A repetitive movement detector used for automatic monitoring and quantification of scratching in mice. J Neurosci Methods 2005; 142:107-14. [PMID: 15652623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Revised: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have designed an economical non-invasive movement detector for small animal studies and used it for monitoring and quantifying itch in mice. The system is based on a sensitive force transducer positioned below a recording platform holding a lightweight polystyrene recording box in which an animal is placed. A programmed micro-controller is used to discriminate between non-specific movement, grooming behaviour, and scratching movements made by the animal's hind limb. Following sub-dermal injection of histamine receptor agonists into the neck of a mouse, dose-related scratching occurred which was detected and quantified. There was 91% correlation between bouts of scratching as counted manually from playback of the video recording and recorded by the detector. The detector was also able rapidly to count the individual scratch movements of the hind limb that comprise a bout, with 95% accuracy in comparison with manual counting during slow motion playback of video tape, something that is impossible for an unaided observer to achieve because individual scratch movements are too fast to discriminate by eye. Separate detectors were used for the efficient non-invasive study of four animals simultaneously, and this number could easily be increased by adding more platforms. The system could also be modified to record the animal's position within the box, which would be of value in studies involving exploratory behaviour. In summary, the non-invasive multichannel repetitive movement detector will be very useful for accurate measurement of scratching during pruritus studies in small animals, with considerable savings in staff time and effort. It should therefore be a valuable tool for helping to investigate pruritus and in the evaluation of anti-pruritic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Brash
- Department of Hepatology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.
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Liu H, Farley JM. Effects of first and second generation antihistamines on muscarinic induced mucus gland cell ion transport. BMC Pharmacol 2005; 5:8. [PMID: 15790419 PMCID: PMC1079883 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-5-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, are fairly potent muscarinic antagonists in addition to being H1 selective antihistamines. The antimuscarinic action is often not desirable since it is in part responsible for the drying of secretions in the airways and the sedative effect. We therefore examined a number of antihistamines for antimuscarinic effects on ion transport by mucus gland cells isolated from the airways of swine. Enzymatically isolated airway mucus gland cells were purified utilizing density gradients and grown in culture on porous inserts (Millicell HA™) at an air interface. Cells grown in this manner maintain phenotype and polarity. Transport of ions, as short-circuit current measured under voltage-clamp, was measured in response to acetylcholine (ACh) or histamine applied to the serosal side of the gland cell layers. Concentration-response relationships for ACh or histamine were generated in the presence and absence of various drugs. The potencies against muscarinic receptor activation were estimated using the dose-ratio method of Schild. Results Three known muscarinic antagonists were used to validate the system. Atropine had a pA2 of 9.4 ± 0.1 (n = 9). 4-DAMP and methoctramine had pA2 values of 8.6 ± 0.1 and 5.6 ± 0.1, respectively (n = 12, 11) all consistent with inhibition of an M3 subtype muscarinic receptor. The rank order of potency of the antihistamines against the inhibition of M3 receptors was desloratadine = diphenhydramine > hydroxyzine (pA2; 6.4, 6.2, 4.8, respectively). pA2 values for fexofenadine, loratadine and cetirizine were not determined since they had no effect on the cholinergic response at the highest drug concentrations tested (10, 10 and 100 μM, respectively). The pA2 values for the antihistamines against the histamine response could not be calculated, but the estimates of the rank order of potency were estimated to be desloratadine> cetirizine ≈ hydroxyzine > fexofenadine > loratadine > diphenhydramine. Conclusion The rank order of selectivity for histamine receptors over muscarinic receptors was estimated to be cetirizine ≈ fexofenadine > loratadine > desloratadine ≥ hydroxyzine ≥ diphenhydramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jerry M Farley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Newcomer JW. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism associated with atypical antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 65 Suppl 18:36-46. [PMID: 15600383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs has provided a clear benefit for many schizophrenia patients, with less risk for the extrapyramidal side effects associated with conventional antipsychotics. However, some antipsychotics are associated with an increased risk of adverse metabolic outcomes, including weight gain, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Increases in adiposity and disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism represent a serious health risk in a patient that may be predisposed to these metabolic conditions. The increased risk for diabetes with certain antipsychotics may be associated with the risk of treatment-induced weight gain. However, other mechanisms, including effects on central neurotransmitters and direct effects on glucose metabolism, may contribute to the development of disordered glucose metabolism. The purpose of this article is to review the association between antipsychotic medications and obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, including the mechanisms through which these changes might be effected.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Newcomer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND From the deductive point of view, neurotransmitter receptors can be divided into categories such as cholinergic (muscarinic, nicotinic), adrenergic (alpha- and beta-), dopaminergic, serotoninergic (5-HT1 approximately 5-HT5), and histaminergic (H1 and H2). Selective agonists and antagonists of each receptor subtype can have specific useful therapeutic applications. For understanding the molecular mechanisms of action, an inductive method of analysis is useful. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to examine the structure-activity relationships of agents acting on G-protein coupled receptors. METHOD Representative sets of G-PCR agonists and antagonists were identified from the literature and Medline [P.M. Walsh (2003) Physicians' Desk Reference; M.J. O'Neil (2001) The Merck Index]. The molecular weight (MW), calculated logarithm of octanol/water partition coefficient (C log P) and molar refraction (CMR), dipole moment (DM), E(lumo) (the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, a measure of the electron affinity of a molecule and its reactivity as an electrophile), E(homo) (the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital, related to the ionization potential of a molecule, and its reactivity as a nucleophile), and the total number of hydrogen bonds (H(b)) (donors and receptors), were chosen as molecular descriptors for SAR analyses. RESULTS The data suggest that not only do neurotransmitters share common structural features but their receptors belong to the same ensemble of G-protein coupled receptor with seven to eight transmembrane domains with their resultant dipoles in an antiparallel configuration. Moreover, the analysis indicates that the receptor exists in a dynamic equilibrium between the closed state and the open state. The energy needed to open the closed state is provided by the hydrolysis of GTP. A composite 3-D parameter frame setting of all the neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists are presented using MW, Hb and mu as independent variables. CONCLUSION It appears that all neurotransmitters examined in this study operate by a similar mechanism with the G-protein coupled receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic Agonists/chemistry
- Adrenergic Agonists/classification
- Adrenergic Antagonists/chemistry
- Adrenergic Antagonists/classification
- Chemical Phenomena
- Chemistry, Physical
- Cholinergic Agonists/chemistry
- Cholinergic Agonists/classification
- Cholinergic Antagonists/chemistry
- Cholinergic Antagonists/classification
- Dopamine Agonists/chemistry
- Dopamine Agonists/classification
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/chemistry
- Dopamine Antagonists/classification
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Histamine Agonists/chemistry
- Histamine Agonists/classification
- Histamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Histamine Antagonists/chemistry
- Histamine Antagonists/classification
- Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Structure
- Neurotransmitter Agents/agonists
- Neurotransmitter Agents/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neurotransmitter Agents/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic/classification
- Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic/physiology
- Receptors, Cholinergic/classification
- Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Cholinergic/physiology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Receptors, Histamine/classification
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/physiology
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/classification
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/classification
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
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Nakayama T, Kato Y, Hieshima K, Nagakubo D, Kunori Y, Fujisawa T, Yoshie O. Liver-expressed chemokine/CC chemokine ligand 16 attracts eosinophils by interacting with histamine H4 receptor. J Immunol 2004; 173:2078-83. [PMID: 15265943 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver-expressed chemokine (LEC)/CCL16 is a human CC chemokine that is constitutively expressed by the liver parenchymal cells and present in the normal plasma at high concentrations. Previous studies have shown that CCL16 is a low-affinity ligand for CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR8 and attracts monocytes and T cells. Recently, a novel histamine receptor termed type 4 (H4) has been identified and shown to be selectively expressed by eosinophils and mast cells. In this study, we demonstrated that CCL16 induced pertussis toxin-sensitive calcium mobilization and chemotaxis in murine L1.2 cells expressing H4 but not those expressing histamine receptor type 1 (H1) or type 2 (H2). CCL16 bound to H4 with a K(d) of 17 nM. By RT-PCR, human and mouse eosinophils express H4 but not H3. Accordingly, CCL16 induced efficient migratory responses in human and mouse eosinophils. Furthermore, the responses of human and mouse eosinophils to CCL16 were effectively suppressed by thioperamide, an antagonist for H3 and H4. Intravenous injection of CCL16 into mice induced a rapid mobilization of eosinophils from bone marrow to peripheral blood, which was also suppressed by thioperamide. Collectively, CCL16 is a novel functional ligand for H4 and may have a role in trafficking of eosinophils.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Line/drug effects
- Chemokines, CC/pharmacology
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Eosinophils/cytology
- Eosinophils/drug effects
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Evolution, Molecular
- Humans
- Leukocyte Count
- Ligands
- Liver/metabolism
- Mice
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Cell Surface/classification
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/physiology
- Receptors, Histamine H3/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H4
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakayama
- Department of Microbiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Kitbunnadaj R, Zuiderveld OP, De Esch IJP, Vollinga RC, Bakker R, Lutz M, Spek AL, Cavoy E, Deltent MF, Menge WMPB, Timmerman H, Leurs R. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of conformationally constrained histamine H(3) receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2004; 46:5445-57. [PMID: 14640553 DOI: 10.1021/jm030905y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immepip, a conformationally constrained analogue of the histamine congener imbutamine, shows high affinity and functional activity on the human H(3) receptor. Using histamine and its homologues as prototypes, other rigid analogues containing either a piperidine or pyrrolidine ring in the side chain were synthesized and tested for their activities at the human H(3) receptor and the closely related H(4) receptor. In the series of piperidine containing analogues, immepip was found to be the most potent H(3) receptor agonist, whereas its propylene analogue 13a was identified as a high-affinity neutral antagonist for the human H(3) receptor. Moreover, replacement of the piperidine ring of immepip by a pyrrolidine ring led to a pair of enantiomers that show a distinct stereoselectivity at the human H(3) and H(4) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruengwit Kitbunnadaj
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center of Drug Research (LACDR), Department of Pharmacochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Thurmond RL, Desai PJ, Dunford PJ, Fung-Leung WP, Hofstra CL, Jiang W, Nguyen S, Riley JP, Sun S, Williams KN, Edwards JP, Karlsson L. A potent and selective histamine H4 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 309:404-13. [PMID: 14722321 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.061754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine mediates its physiological function through binding to four known histamine receptors. Here, we describe the first selective antagonist of the histamine H4 receptor, the newest member of the histamine receptor family, and provide evidence that such antagonists have anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. 1-[(5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]-4-methylpiperazine (JNJ 7777120) has a K(i) of 4.5 nM versus the human receptor and a pA(2) of 8.1. It is equipotent against the human, mouse, and rat receptors. It exhibits at least 1000-fold selectivity over H1, H2, or H3 receptors and has no cross-reactivity against 50 other targets. This compound has an oral bioavailability of approximately 30% in rats and 100% in dogs, with a half-life of approximately 3 h in both species. JNJ 7777120 blocks histamine-induced chemotaxis and calcium influx in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. In addition, it can block the histamine-induced migration of tracheal mast cells from the connective tissue toward the epithelium in mice. JNJ 7777120 significantly blocks neutrophil infiltration in a mouse zymosan-induced peritonitis model. This model is reported to be mast cell-dependent, which suggests that the compound effect may be mediated by mast cells. These results indicate that the histamine H4 receptor plays a role in the inflammatory process. Selective H4 receptor antagonists like JNJ 7777120 may have the potential to be useful in treating inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Thurmond
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Choich JA, El-Nabawi A, Silbergeld EK. Evidence of histamine receptors in fish brain using an in vivo [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method and an in vitro receptor-binding autoradiographic method. Environ Res 2004; 94:86-93. [PMID: 14643290 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that fish possess functioning H1 histamine receptors that have the ability to bind agonists and antagonists specific to the H1 histamine receptor subtype. For these experiments, a combination of a novel, in vivo 2-deoxyglucose method and a standard in vitro autoradiography procedure was utilized. A regional, statistically significant dose response in neurological functioning was observed when fish were exposed to histaminergic agents (i.e., H1 agonists and antagonists), which created the first neurological profile for the H1 histamine receptor in fish brain. The H1 histamine receptor was chosen as a characterization receptor in fish because histamine has been linked to a variety of neurological functions such as the control of arousal, attention, sensory processing, and cognition. Histamine also plays a role in pituitary hormone secretion, appetite control, and, potentially, regulation of vestigular reactivity. In addition, the fish brain is well characterized structurally, and the existence of an H3-like receptor has been documented recently in zebrafish. However, to date there is little detailed information about specific localization and functioning of the H1 histamine receptor in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Choich
- Department of Toxicology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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41
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Takeshita K, Sakai K, Bacon KB, Gantner F. Critical role of histamine H4 receptor in leukotriene B4 production and mast cell-dependent neutrophil recruitment induced by zymosan in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 307:1072-8. [PMID: 14551291 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.057489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently identified histamine receptor, H4, was shown to be primarily expressed on leukocytes and has been implicated in the activation of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells in vitro. Its function in vivo, however, has not yet been characterized. We present evidence for a critical role of H4 receptor in the mast cell-dependent recruitment of neutrophils. Mice injected with zymosan into the pleural cavity developed massive neutrophilia within hours after challenge. Neutrophilia was dose-dependently reduced when mice were pretreated with thioperamide, a known H(3/4) receptor antagonist, whereas H1 and H2 receptor antagonists lacked efficacy. Similarly, a 70 to 80% reduction in neutrophils in the pleural cavity compared with wild-type animals was noted in mice lacking mast cells (W/W(v) mice); mice deficient in MyD88 (MyD88(-/-)); a critical component of the signaling cascade of the major receptor for zymosan, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2); or in mice pretreated with a functionally antagonistic anti-TLR2 antibody. The residual 20% neutrophil infiltration seen in mast cell-deficient and MyD88(-/-) mice was not further reduced by thioperamide. Neutrophilia was completely restored by transferring wild-type bone marrow-derived mast cells into MyD88(-/-) or W/W(v) mice. Interestingly, when neutrophilia was evoked by carrageenan injection, mast cell depletion and thioperamide had no effect. Various inflammatory mediators were detectable in the pleural cavity of zymosan-challenged mice. Upon pretreatment with thioperamide, reduced levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant leukotriene B4 were observed, providing a mechanistic explanation for the prevention of neutrophilia by H4 receptor antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Takeshita
- Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Research Center Kyoto, Respiratory Diseases Research, 6-5-1-3 Kunimidai, Kizu-cho, Soraku-gun, 619-0216 Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
1. Histamine (0.004-2 microm) induced a concentration-dependent shape change of human eosinophils, but not of neutrophils or basophils, detected as an increase in forward scatter (FSC) in the gated autofluorescence/forward scatter (GAFS) assay. 2. The histamine-induced eosinophil shape change was completely abolished by thioperamide (10 microm), an H3/H4 receptor antagonist, but was not inhibited by pyrilamine or cimetidine (10 microm), H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, respectively. The H4 receptor agonists, clobenpropit and clozapine (0.004-2 microm), which are also H3 receptor antagonists, both induced eosinophil shape change, which was inhibited by thioperamide (10 microm). The H3/H4 receptor agonists, imetit, R-alpha-methyl histamine and N-alpha-methyl histamine (0.004-2 microm) also induced eosinophil shape change. 3. Histamine induced actin polymerisation (0.015-10 microm), intracellular calcium mobilisation (10-100 microm) and a significant upregulation of expression of the cell adhesion molecule CD11b (0.004-10 microm) in eosinophils, all of which were inhibited by thioperamide (10-100 microm). In addition, the H4 receptor agonist/H3 receptor antagonist clozapine (20 microm) stimulated a rise in intracellular calcium in eosinophils. 4. Activation of H4 receptors by histamine (1 microm) primed eosinophils for increased chemotactic responses to eotaxin, but histamine (0.1-10 microm) did not directly induce chemotaxis of eosinophils. 5. Pertussis toxin (1 microg ml-1) inhibited shape change and actin polymerisation responses induced by histamine showing that these effects are mediated by coupling to a Galphai/o G-protein. 6. This study demonstrates that human eosinophils express functional H4 receptors and may provide a novel target for allergic disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen F Buckland
- Leukocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ
| | - Timothy J Williams
- Leukocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ
| | - Dolores M Conroy
- Leukocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ
- Author for correspondence:
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Savola JM, Hill M, Engstrom M, Merivuori H, Wurster S, McGuire SG, Fox SH, Crossman AR, Brotchie JM. Fipamezole (JP-1730) is a potent alpha2 adrenergic receptor antagonist that reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesia in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2003; 18:872-83. [PMID: 12889076 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease have demonstrated that alpha(2) adrenergic receptor antagonists such as idazoxan, rauwolscine, and yohimbine can alleviate L-dopa-induced dyskinesia and, in the case of idazoxan, enhance the duration of anti-parkinsonian action of L-dopa. Here we describe a novel alpha(2) antagonist, fipamezole (JP-1730), which has high affinity at human alpha(2A) (K(i), 9.2 nM), alpha(2B) (17 nM), and alpha(2C) (55 nM) receptors. In functional assays, the potent antagonist properties of JP-1730 were demonstrated by its ability to reduce adrenaline-induced (35)S-GTPgammaS binding with K(B) values of 8.4 nM, 16 nM, 4.7 nM at human alpha(2A), alpha(2B), and alpha(2C) receptors, respectively. Assessment of the ability of JP-1730 to bind to a range of 30 other binding sites showed that JP-1730 also had moderate affinity at histamine H1 and H3 receptors and the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (IC(50) 100 nM to 1 microM). In the MPTP-lesioned marmoset, JP-1730 (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced L-dopa-induced dyskinesia without compromising the anti-parkinsonian action of L-dopa. The duration of action of the combination of L-dopa and JP-1730 (10 mg/kg) was 66% greater than that of L-dopa alone. These data suggest that JP-1730 is a potent alpha(2) adrenergic receptor antagonist with potential as an anti-dyskinetic agent in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antiparkinson Agents/adverse effects
- Antiparkinson Agents/therapeutic use
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Callithrix
- Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/drug therapy
- Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/etiology
- Female
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Indans/pharmacology
- Indans/therapeutic use
- Levodopa/adverse effects
- Levodopa/therapeutic use
- Male
- Parkinsonian Disorders/drug therapy
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptors, AMPA/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, GABA/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
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Abstract
1 The aim of this study was to characterize the histamine receptor type mediating relaxation of the vascular bed of the nasal mucosa from the guinea-pig, and to determine the role of cyclo-oxygenase products and nitric oxide in this relaxant response to histamine. These studies were performed in isolated nasal mucosae examined in vitro to obtain potencies of histamine receptor-type selective agonists in causing vasorelaxation and to determine affinities of histamine receptor antagonists for inhibiting histamine-induced relaxation. 2 After contraction of nasal mucosae with noradrenaline, histamine caused a maximal relaxation response that was 75 +/- 6% of the contraction caused by noradrenaline with a mean EC50 value of 4.3 +/- 0.5 microM. Neither dimaprit (H2-receptor selective) nor R-alpha-methylhistamine (H3-receptor selective) caused significant relaxation of nasal mucosae. In contrast, betahistine (H1-receptor selective) caused an 81 +/- 7% relaxation of noradrenaline-induced tone with an EC50 value of 15 +/- 1 microM. 3 pA2 experiments were performed to obtain KB values of chlorpheniramine (H1-receptor selective) and diphenhydramine (H1-receptor selective) for blocking histamine-stimulated relaxation of nasal mucosae. KB values for chlorpheniramine (0.87 nM) and diphenhydramine (7.4 nM) were consistent with their interaction at the H1-receptor type. Additionally, neither 10 microM cimetidine (H2-receptor selective) nor 1 microM thioperamide (H3-receptor selective) had any effect on the relaxation curve for histamine. 4 In the presence of 10 microM indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), histamine caused a maximal relaxation response of 73 +/- 5% of the noradrenaline-induced tone with an EC50 value of 2.9 +/- 0.2 microM, which was not different from control values (EC50 = 5.0 +/- 0.4 microM; maximal relaxation = 71 +/- 6%). In contrast, 200 microM NG-nitro-L-arginine (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) completely inhibited histamine-induced relaxation of nasal mucosae. 5 In conclusion, data from the present study suggest only the H1-receptor type mediates relaxation of nasal mucosal blood vessels to histamine, and histamine-induced relaxation of nasal mucosae is entirely dependent on nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Bockman
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Criss III, Room 553, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Gantner F, Sakai K, Tusche MW, Cruikshank WW, Center DM, Bacon KB. Histamine h(4) and h(2) receptors control histamine-induced interleukin-16 release from human CD8(+) T cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 303:300-7. [PMID: 12235264 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.036939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is known to trigger the release of interleukin (IL)-16 from human CD8(+) cells. However, the individual roles of the presently known histamine receptor subtypes (H(1)-H(4)) in this inflammatory response have not been fully characterized. Histamine stimulation of human CD8(+) T lymphocytes purified from peripheral blood led to a 5- to 8-fold increase in the basal release of IL-16 within 24 h, and this increase was significantly blocked by the H(2)-selective antagonist, cimetidine, or by thioperamide, an antagonist of H(3) and H(4) receptors, respectively. The H(1) antagonist pyrilamine showed limited effects. Agonists selective for H(2) (dimaprit), H(3/4) (R-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine), and H(4) (clobenpropit) were capable of inducing the release of bioactive IL-16 because CD8(+) cell supernatants induced CD4(+) cell migration, which was abrogated by an anti-IL-16 antibody. Furthermore, preincubation of lymphocytes with pertussis toxin abolished IL-16 release triggered by activation of the G(i/o)-coupled H(4) receptor but not by the H(2) receptor. Messenger RNA expression studies confirmed H(4), H(2), and H(1) expression in human CD8(+) lymphocytes, whereas H(3) mRNA was completely absent. All leukocyte populations investigated expressed mRNA for H(4), with highest levels found in eosinophils, dendritic cells, and tonsil B cells. H(4) expression was also detected in human lung, trachea, and various cells of human lung origin, such as fibroblasts, bronchial smooth muscle cells, epithelial, and endothelial cells. Since many of those are known sources of IL-16, immune cell- and lung cell-expressed H(4) receptors may have a general role in the control of this mediator of inflammatory disorders such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gantner
- Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Research Center Kyoto, Therapeutic Research Area Asthma, Japan.
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47
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Abstract
Physiological stress is known to produce analgesia and memory disruption. A large body of evidence favors the nonopiate mediation of stress-induced analgesia. It is suggested that brain histamine mediates nonopiate analgesia and participates in learning and memory in rodents. Histamine is released during stress, although the nature of histaminergic involvement in stress response is not clearly defined. Therefore, we studied the effect of L-histidine and histamine-receptor antagonists on antinociception and impaired retention induced by immobilization stress. In the present study, immobilization stress produced a naloxone-resistant analgesia that was potentiated by L-histidine and antagonized by pretreatment with the histamine receptor antagonists chlorpheniramine and cimetidine. L-histidine attenuated the memory disruption induced by immobilization stress, which was significantly reversed by chlorpheniramine but not by cimetidine. Thus the involvement of the central histaminergic system, through histamine H1- and H2-receptors, may be speculated in analgesia and cognitive deficit induced by immobilization stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Paul
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Nicolson TA, Bevan S, Richards CD. Characterisation of the calcium responses to histamine in capsaicin-sensitive and capsaicin-insensitive sensory neurones. Neuroscience 2002; 110:329-38. [PMID: 11958874 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult rat sensory neurones were maintained in short-term tissue culture and their response to histamine was studied by monitoring changes in intracellular [Ca(2+)] with Fura-2. The proportion of histamine-sensitive neurones increased as the concentration increased from 10 microM to 10 mM. The fraction of responding cells did not change significantly over the first week in culture. About 60% of histamine-sensitive cells were insensitive to capsaicin and these cells tended to be of small diameter. The integrated calcium response to histamine was greatest at 100 microM when the response consisted of two phases: an initial short-lasting transient followed by a sustained plateau that was dependent on extracellular calcium. This response was blocked by the histamine H(1) receptor antagonist mepyramine but not by cimetidine or thioperamide which block H(2) and H(3) receptors, respectively. Moreover, application of histamine increased the intracellular concentration of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate -- an effect blocked by mepyramine. These data show that the response is mediated by H(1) receptors. The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 blocked the response to 100 microM histamine and significantly reduced the fraction of cells responding to 1 mM and 10 mM histamine as did removal of extracellular calcium. A combination of U73122 and calcium-free medium abolished all responses to histamine. These data suggest that in addition to activating phospholipase C, high concentrations of histamine gate an influx of calcium that is independent of store depletion. The implications of these results for the transduction of pruritic stimuli is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Capsaicin/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Histamine/metabolism
- Histamine/pharmacology
- Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nerve Fibers/drug effects
- Nerve Fibers/metabolism
- Nerve Fibers/ultrastructure
- Neurons, Afferent/cytology
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Nociceptors/cytology
- Nociceptors/drug effects
- Nociceptors/metabolism
- Pruritus/metabolism
- Pruritus/pathology
- Pruritus/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/drug effects
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Type C Phospholipases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Nicolson
- Department of Physiology, University College London, UK
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Zak-Nejmark T, Wytrychowski K, Patkowski J, Nadobna G, Małolepszy J. [Histamine receptors expression on lymphocytes and neutrophils in glucocorticosteroid sensitive and resistant asthma patients]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2002; 107:547-53. [PMID: 12371387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a physiological mediator which exerts both, effector and regulatory influence through its receptors on various cells. In the study we evaluated the expression of histamine receptors (HR) on inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and neutrophils) in glucocorticosteroid sensitive (n. = 17) and resistant (n. = 19) asthmatic patients and healthy subjects (n = 14). Moreover, we examined in vitro the influence of cortisol on HR expression in both studied groups with asthma and in a control group. We concluded that HR expression on lymphocytes was similar in all studied subjects. However, HR expression on neutrophils in both groups of asthmatic patients was significantly decreased compared to the control group. After the in vitro incubation with cortisol, we observed a significant decrease in HR expression on neutrophils (10(-8)-10(-5) M) and lymphocytes (10(-8)-10(-4) M) only in healthy subjects. Taking into consideration that histamine proinflammatory action is mediated by H1 receptor, and that in patients treated with long-time systemic GCS therapy we did not observe any decrease in HR expression in vitro, we suggest additional therapy with the second-generation antihistamines. These drugs not only block H1 receptors, but also have an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Jochem J, Zwirska-Korczala K. Involvement of central noradrenergic system in the pressor effect of histamine administered intracerebroventricularly in rats--haemodynamic studies. Inflamm Res 2002; 51 Suppl 1:S59-60. [PMID: 12013411 DOI: 10.1007/pl00022448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Jochem
- Department of Physiology, Silesian Medical University, Zabrze, Poland.
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