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Nirogi R, Grandhi VR, Medapati RB, Ganuga N, Benade V, Gandipudi S, Manoharan A, Abraham R, Jayarajan P, Bhyrapuneni G, Shinde A, Badange RK, Subramanian R, Petlu S, Jasti V. Histamine 3 receptor inverse agonist Samelisant (SUVN-G3031): Pharmacological characterization of an investigational agent for the treatment of cognitive disorders. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:713-729. [PMID: 33546570 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120986418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central histamine H3 receptors are a family of presynaptic auto and heteroreceptors. Blockade of the presynaptic H3 receptors activates the downstream pathway(s) involved in the processes of learning and memory, making it a potential therapeutic option for ameliorating cognitive dysfunction. Samelisant (SUVN-G3031) is a potent and selective inverse agonist at the H3 receptors. AIM The aim of this research is to study the effects of Samelisant in diverse animal models of cognitive functions. METHODS The effects of Samelisant on cognitive functions were studied using social recognition, object recognition and Morris water maze tasks. Neurochemical and electrophysiological effects of Samelisant were monitored using microdialysis and electroencephalography techniques. RESULTS Samelisant showed procognitive effects in diverse animal models of cognition at doses ranging from 0.3 to 3 mg/kg, per os (p.o.) (social recognition and object recognition task). Samelisant significantly increased the brain acetylcholine levels in the cortex at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o. In the Morris water maze task, combined administration of suboptimal doses of Samelisant and donepezil resulted in procognitive effects significantly larger than the either treatment. Similarly, Samelisant significantly potentiated the effects of donepezil on pharmacodynamic biomarkers of cognition i.e. acetylcholine levels in brain and neuronal theta oscillations. CONCLUSION Samelisant may have potential utility in the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with hypocholinergic state.
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Varaschin RK, Allen NA, Rosenberg MJ, Valenzuela CF, Savage DD. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Increases Histamine H 3 Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Rat Dentate Gyrus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:295-305. [PMID: 29315624 PMCID: PMC5785429 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE)-induced deficits in dentate gyrus, long-term potentiation (LTP), and memory are ameliorated by the histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist ABT-239. Curiously, ABT-239 did not enhance LTP or memory in control offspring. Here, we initiated an investigation of how PAE alters histaminergic neurotransmission in the dentate gyrus and other brain regions employing combined radiohistochemical and electrophysiological approaches in vitro to examine histamine H3 receptor number and function. METHODS Long-Evans rat dams voluntarily consumed either a 0% or 5% ethanol solution 4 hours each day throughout gestation. This pattern of drinking, which produces a mean peak maternal serum ethanol concentration of 60.8 ± 5.8 mg/dl, did not affect maternal weight gain, litter size, or offspring birthweight. RESULTS Radiohistochemical studies in adult offspring revealed that specific [3 H]-A349821 binding to histamine H3 receptors was not different in PAE rats compared to controls. However, H3 receptor-mediated Gi /Go protein-effector coupling, as measured by methimepip-stimulated [35 S]-GTPγS binding, was significantly increased in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and dentate gyrus of PAE rats compared to control. A LIGAND analysis of detailed methimepip concentration-response curves in dentate gyrus indicated that PAE significantly elevates receptor-effector coupling by a lower affinity H3 receptor population without significantly altering the affinities of H3 receptor subpopulations. In agreement with the [35 S]-GTPγS studies, a similar range of methimepip concentrations also inhibited electrically evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potential responses and increased paired-pulse ratio, a measure of decreased glutamate release, to a significantly greater extent in dentate gyrus slices from PAE rats than in controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a PAE-induced elevation in H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate release from perforant path terminals as 1 mechanism contributing the LTP deficits previously observed in the dentate gyrus of PAE rats, as well as providing a mechanistic basis for the efficacy of H3 receptor inverse agonists for ameliorating these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael K Varaschin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
| | - Nyika A Allen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
| | - Martina J Rosenberg
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
| | - Daniel D Savage
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
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García-García M, Liarte S, Gómez-González NE, García-Alcázar A, Pérez-Sánchez J, Meseguer J, Mulero V, García-Ayala A, Chaves-Pozo E. Cimetidine disrupts the renewal of testicular cells and the steroidogenesis in a hermaphrodite fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 189:44-53. [PMID: 27475025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance of histamine in the physiology of the testis in mammals and reptiles has been recently shown. Histamine receptors (Hrs) are well conserved in fish and are functional in several fish species. We report here for the first time that histamine and the mRNA of Hrh1, Hrh2 and Hrh3 are all present in the gonad of the hermaphrodite teleost fish gilthead seabream. Moreover, cimetidine, which acts in vitro as an agonist of Hrh1 and Hrh2 on this species, was intraperitoneally injected in one and two years old gilthead seabream males. After three and five days of cimetidine injection, we found that this compound differently modified the gonadal hrs transcript levels and affects the testicular cell renewal and the gene expression of steroidogenesis-related molecules as well as the serum steroid levels. Our data point to cimetidine as a reproductive disruptor and elucidate a role for histamine in the gonad of this hermaphrodite fish species through Hr signalling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cimetidine/toxicity
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity
- Fish Proteins/drug effects
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gonadal Steroid Hormones/biosynthesis
- Hermaphroditic Organisms
- Histamine H2 Antagonists/toxicity
- Male
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H2/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H2/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H2/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H3/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H3/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H3/metabolism
- Regeneration/drug effects
- Sea Bream/genetics
- Sea Bream/growth & development
- Sea Bream/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Testis/drug effects
- Testis/metabolism
- Testis/physiopathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-García
- Sección de Microscopía, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Sergio Liarte
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria E Gómez-González
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Alcázar
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n. Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture of Torre la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n. Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT:Background:The histamine catabolite, Nα-methylhistamine, possesses a selective affinity for H3 receptors. For this reason, we considered evaluating the efficacy of this histaminergic H3 agonist in migraine prophylactic treatment.Objective:To study the therapeutic potential of the subcutaneous administration of Nα-methylhistamine in migraine prophylaxis, in a Phase III clinical pharmacological study.Methods:Using a controlled double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial for 12 weeks, 60 patients with migraine, who fit the criteria established by the International Headache Society, were selected. The efficacy of subcutaneous administration of Nα-methylhistamine 1 to 3 ng twice a week against placebo was studied, evaluating the outcome of headache intensity, frequency, duration, and analgesic intake.Results:Comparison between the groups treated with placebo (n=30) and Nα-methylhistamine (n=30), on data collected for the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks of treatment, revealed that Nα-methylhistamine exerted a significant (p<0.0001) reduction (compared to placebo) in intensity, frequency, and duration of migraine attacks, as well as on the use of analgesic intake. No significant (p>0.05) adverse experiences or side effects developed in either group.Conclusions:The present study provides evidence of the efficacy of Nα-methylhistamine, given subcutaneously at doses of 1 to 3 ng twice a week, offering a new therapeutic alternative and laying the clinical and pharmacological groundwork for the use of histaminergic H3-agonists in migraine prophylaxis, which may specifically inhibit the neurogenic edema response involved in migraine pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca O Millán-Guerrero
- Department of Neurology, Unidad de Investigación Medica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital General de Zona UMF No 1 IMSS. Colima
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Logan J, Carruthers NI, Letavic MA, Sands S, Jiang X, Shea C, Muench L, Xu Y, Carter P, King P, Fowler JS. Blockade of the brain histamine H3 receptor by JNJ-39220675: preclinical PET studies with [¹¹C]GSK189254 in anesthetized baboon. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 223:447-55. [PMID: 22614669 PMCID: PMC3456925 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The preclinical characterization of a series of aryloxypyridine amides has identified JNJ-39220675 ((4-cyclobutyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)(6-(4-fluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)methanone) as a high-affinity histamine H(3) receptor antagonist and a candidate for further drug development particularly in the treatment of alcohol-related behaviors. OBJECTIVE This study measured brain histamine H(3) receptor blockade by JNJ-39220675 (1 mg/kg) in the female baboon. METHODS Positron emission tomography imaging and [(11)C]GSK189254, a reversible high-affinity radiotracer with specificity for the histamine H(3) receptor, was used to measure histamine H(3) receptor availability at baseline and after i.v. and oral administration of JNJ-39220675 (1 mg/kg) in the anesthetized baboon. Histamine H(3) receptor availability was estimated as the total distribution volume (V (T)) in brain regions. The sensitivity of [(11)C]GSK189254 binding to injected mass and carryover effects was determined. RESULTS JNJ-39220675 produces robust (ca. 90 %) blockade of [(11)C]GSK189254 binding after i.v. and oral administration. After oral administration of JNJ-39220675 (1 mg/kg), the fractional receptor occupancy was >0.9 at 90 min with a slight increase from 90 to 240 min. Similar to prior studies in humans, V (T) was highly sensitive to the mass of GSK189254 with ED(50) estimated to be 0.16 μg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The robust blockade of binding of [(11)C]GSK189254 by JNJ-39220675 demonstrates that this compound readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and occupies the histamine H(3) receptor after oral administration at low plasma concentrations (∼1 ng/cc) supporting further drug development for alcohol addiction and other disorders. This study corroborates prior reports of the high sensitivity of [(11)C]GSK189254 to injected mass at doses >0.1 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Logan
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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Yang X, Sun G, Xu X, Li P, Liu W. [Effect of H3R agonist, IMETIT on allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2010; 24:559-563. [PMID: 20806863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the treatment of H3R agonist, IMETIT, on the allergic rhinitis(AR) ,and the influence to mRNA of Substance P(SP) and Substance P Receptor (SP-R) in AR model of guinea pigs. METHOD The severity of AR was assessed by allergic symptoms (sneezing, nasal rubbing and nose blocking). The changes in the nasal mucosa were studied by pathological methods. The expression of SP positive cell was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of SP-R mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptive polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT Histamine H3R agonists, IMETIT can effectively improve the AR symptoms, sneezing, nasal itching, nasal congestion, reduce the pathological changes in the nasal mucosa, cut down the SP secretion and SP-R mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Histamine H3R agonist, IMETIT can effectively relieve the symptoms of AR in guinea pigs, which is related to reducing SP secretion and SP-R mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yang
- Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, China
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7
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Kennedy JP, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. A novel class of H3 antagonists derived from the natural product guided synthesis of unnatural analogs of the marine bromopyrrole alkaloid dispyrin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3204-8. [PMID: 19443215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the natural product guided synthesis of unnatural analogs of the marine bromopyrrole alkaloid dispyrin, and the resulting SAR of H(3) antagonism. Multiple rounds of iterative parallel synthesis improved human H(3) IC(50) approximately 33-fold, and afforded a new class of H(3) antagonists based on the novel bromotyramine core of dispyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Phillip Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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8
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Yoshimoto R, Kanatani A, Tokita S. Distinctive role of central histamine H3 receptor in various orexigenic pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 579:229-32. [PMID: 18037404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-established role of histamine as an anorexigenic neurotransmitter, the role of histamine H(3) receptors in feeding behavior is controversial. Herein we investigated the role of histamine H(3) receptor on several orexigenic agents in mice. Thioperamide (histamine H(3) receptor inverse agonist) inhibited neuropeptide Y- and nociceptin-induced hyperphagia but had no effect on U-50488 (opioid kappa-receptor agonist)-induced hyperphagia. In contrast, imetit (histamine H(3) receptor agonist) inhibited U-50488-induced hyperphagia but augmented neuropeptide Y-induced hyperphagia while it did not alter nociceptin-induced hyperphagia. These results indicate distinctive roles of histamine H(3) receptors in various orexigenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshimoto
- Tsukuba Research Institute, BANYU Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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9
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Keith JM, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Miller K, Boggs JD, Fraser IC, Mazur C, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Dual serotonin transporter inhibitor/histamine H3 antagonists: development of rigidified H3 pharmacophores. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5325-9. [PMID: 17765543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetrahydroisoquinolines acting as dual serotonin transporter inhibitor/histamine H(3) antagonists is described. The introduction of polar aromatic spacers as part of the histamine H(3) pharmacophore was explored. A convergent synthesis of the final products allowing late stage introduction of the aromatic side chain was developed. In vitro and in vivo data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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10
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Cannon KE, Leurs R, Hough LB. Activation of peripheral and spinal histamine H3 receptors inhibits formalin-induced inflammation and nociception, respectively. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 88:122-9. [PMID: 17719621 PMCID: PMC2064035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of histamine H3 receptors is known to reduce the release of inflammatory peptides, thereby reducing pain and inflammation, but the site(s) and mechanism(s) of these effects are currently unknown. The present study addressed these questions by examining the effects of the H3 agonist immepip and the H3 antagonist thioperamide on nociceptive behaviors and swelling produced during the rat formalin test. Systemic administration of immepip (5 and 30 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly attenuated formalin-induced flinching but not licking responses during both phases. This attenuation was reversed by either systemic (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or intrathecal (20 or 50 microg) administration of thioperamide. Furthermore, immepip (30 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly inhibited formalin-induced swelling, an action which was completely reversed by systemic (15 mg/kg, i.p.), but not intrathecal (50 microg) thioperamide. Also consistent with this pattern, intrathecal immepip (50 microg) reduced flinching responses, but had no effect on formalin-induced paw swelling. The present findings suggest that activation of H3 receptors located on peripheral and spinal terminals of deep dermal fibers attenuates formalin-induced swelling and flinching, respectively. Pharmacological stimulation of H3 receptors could be an important therapeutic approach for many disorders related to deep dermal or inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri E. Cannon
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rob Leurs
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center of Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsay B. Hough
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
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11
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Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor was identified in the 80's by our group as a presynaptic autoreceptor inhibiting histamine synthesis and release in the rat brain. Sixteen years later, cloning of the related human H3 receptor revealed the existence of isoforms, species pharmacological differences and a high constitutive (spontaneous) activity of the receptor. All these molecular findings have to be taken into account for optimizing aimed at clinical applications ligands. H3 receptor inverse agonists, by increasing histamine neuron activity, promote arousal and enhance cognitive performances. Pharmaceutical firms have shown considerable interest for this new class of drugs and many programmes of clinical development of H3 receptor inverse agonists for the treatment of arousal and cognitive disorders are presently being conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Arrang
- Inserm, Unité de neurobiologie et pharmacologie moléculaire (U 573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter, rue d'Alésia F 75014 Paris.
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12
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Abstract
The histamine H(3) receptor is a constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor for the neurotransmitter histamine that serves a negative feedback function. A role for the histamine H(3) receptor has been suggested in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinsons disease and Alzheimer's disease. Mice deficient in apolipoprotein E (apoE), a protein involved in development, regeneration, neurite outgrowth, and neuroprotection, show increased measures of anxiety and reduced sensitivity to effects of histamine H(3) receptor antagonists on measures of anxiety. In this study, we tested whether in mice lacking apoE (Apoe-/-) histamine levels and histamine release in brain areas involved in the regulation of anxiety are altered. H(3) receptor antagonist-induced histamine release was lower in the amygdala of Apoe-/- than wild-type mice. In contrast, there were no genotype differences in histamine release in the hypothalamus. Consistent with these data, histamine immunohistochemistry revealed lower total and synaptic histamine levels in the central nucleus of the amygdala of Apoe-/- than wild-type mice. Such changes were not seen in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, or cortex. In Apoe-/- mice, chronically decreased histamine levels and reduced histamine release in the amygdala might contribute to increased measures of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Meer
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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13
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Stocking EM, Miller JM, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, McAllister HM, Wu J, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI, Wolin RL. Synthesis and biological evaluation of diamine-based histamine H3 antagonists with serotonin reuptake inhibitor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3130-5. [PMID: 17412583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of novel phenoxyphenyl diamine derivatives with affinity for both the histamine H(3) receptor and the serotonin transporter is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Stocking
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Sundström S, Ljungqvist B, Reinmüller B. Some observations on airborne particles in blow-fill-seal filling rooms. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2007; 61:147-53. [PMID: 17722481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products produced by blow-fill-seal (BFS) technology are manufactured in clean rooms of different cleanliness classes. Regulatory authorities set requirements on factors such as the maximum allowed airborne particle concentration in filling rooms with BFS machines. To meet the requirements of the authorities, the supply air is HEPA-filtered. The necessary flow of HEPA-filtered air depends on the particle generations from the BFS machines (source strength). One method of reducing the airborne particle concentration in the filling rooms is to install local exhaust systems in order to remove generated particles. Knowledge of particle dispersion and source strength are necessary to enable correctly dimensioned airflows. In this paper, the dispersion pattern of particles was studied at one filling machine. The partial source strength was determined for four different filling machines. The source strength is the total number of airborne particles per second generated by the BFS machine and the process. The value of the partial source strength will be dependent on the efficiency of the local exhaust system. Partial source strength is defined as the estimated theoretical quantity of particles per second emitted from the filling machine into the filling room. The results show that the partial source strength varies widely between the different filling machines. The source strength levels vary between 10(2) and 10(7) particles (> or = 0.5 microm) per second. Furthermore, the results show that the efficiency of the local exhausts can be improved by design adjustments.
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15
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Abstract
The central histaminergic system is reported to mediate behavioural, hormonal and physiological homeostasis of living organisms. Recent reports indicate its prominent role in various neurobehavioural disorders such as depression and psychosis. This study evaluated the effect of activation of the central histaminergic system in anxiety-like conditions, using the elevated plus-maze test in mice, and elucidated the role of different histaminergic receptors mediating such effects. Peripheral administration of L-histidine (L-His), in a dose-dependent manner, significantly decreased the exploration time in open arms and number of entries into open arms without modifying the number of entries into closed arms of the elevated plus-maze, indicating anxiogenesis. Further, such effects of central histamine were significantly attenuated, in a dose-dependent manner, by pretreatment with pyrilamine (H1 receptor antagonist). Pretreatment with either zolantidine (H2 receptor antagonist) or thioperamide (H3 receptor antagonist), however, failed to attenuate the L-His-induced anxiogenesis. Our results indicate that anxiogenic effects of central histaminergic system appear to be mediated prominently by activation of H1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuchibhotla Vijaya Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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16
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Sahlholm K, Nilsson J, Marcellino D, Fuxe K, Arhem P. The human histamine H3 receptor couples to GIRK channels in Xenopus oocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 567:206-10. [PMID: 17537431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H(3) receptor mediates inhibitory responses in the nervous system. Here, we demonstrate the coupling of the human histamine H(3) receptor to G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium (GIRK) channels in Xenopus oocytes, using voltage-clamp. The histamine H(3) receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine increased GIRK currents with an EC(50) of 2.5 nM. The response to (R)-alpha-methylhistamine was inhibited by the specific antagonist/inverse agonist clobenpropit. GIRK channels represent a novel effector pathway for the histamine H(3) receptor, also suggesting the use of electrophysiology assays in histamine H(3) receptor drug screening, allowing for the resolution of G protein activation kinetics.
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17
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Bongers G, Bakker RA, Leurs R. Molecular aspects of the histamine H3 receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1195-204. [PMID: 17276412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cloning of the histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) cDNA in 1999 by Lovenberg et al. [10] allowed detailed studies of its molecular aspects and indicated that the H(3)R can activate several signal transduction pathways including G(i/o)-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, activation of phospholipase A(2), Akt and the mitogen activated kinase as well as the inhibition of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger and inhibition of K(+)-induced Ca(2+) mobilization. Moreover, cloning of the H(3)R has led to the discovery several H(3)R isoforms generated through alternative splicing of the H(3)R mRNA. The H(3)R has gained the interest of many pharmaceutical companies as a potential drug target for the treatment of various important disorders like obesity, myocardial ischemia, migraine, inflammatory diseases and several CNS disorders like Alzheimer's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. In this paper, we review various molecular aspects of the hH(3)R including its signal transduction, dimerization and the occurrence of different H(3)R isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerold Bongers
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Cowart M, Gfesser GA, Browman KE, Faghih R, Miller TR, Milicic I, Baranowski JL, Krueger KM, Witte DG, Molesky AL, Komater VA, Buckley MJ, Diaz GJ, Gagne GD, Zhou D, Deng X, Pan L, Roberts EM, Diehl MS, Wetter JM, Marsh KC, Fox GB, Brioni JD, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA. Novel heterocyclic-substituted benzofuran histamine H3 receptor antagonists: In vitro properties, drug-likeness, and behavioral activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1243-55. [PMID: 17371699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three novel heterocyclic benzofurans A-688057 (1), A-687136 (2), and A-698418 (3) were profiled for their in vitro and in vivo properties as a new series of histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. The compounds were all found to have nanomolar potency in vitro at histamine H(3) receptors, and when profiled in vivo for CNS activity, all were found active in an animal behavioral model of attention. The compound with the most benign profile versus CNS side effects was selected for greater scrutiny of its in vitro properties and overall drug-likeness. This compound, A-688057, in addition to its potent and robust efficacy in two rodent behavioral models at blood levels ranging 0.2-19 nM, possessed other favorable features, including high selectivity for H(3) receptors (H(3), K(i)=1.5 nM) versus off-target receptors and channels (including the hERG K(+) channel, K(i)>9000 nM), low molecular weight (295), high solubility, moderate lipophilicity (logD(pH7.4)=2.05), and good CNS penetration (blood/brain 3.4x). In vitro toxicological tests indicated low potential for phospholipidosis, genotoxicity, and CYP(450) inhibition. Even though pharmacokinetic testing uncovered only moderate to poor oral bioavailability in rat (26%), dog (30%), and monkey (8%), and only moderate blood half-lives after i.v. administration (t(1/2) in rat of 2.9h, 1.7h in dog, 1.8h in monkey), suggesting poor human pharmacokinetics, the data overall indicated that A-688057 has an excellent profile for use as a pharmacological tool compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Cowart
- GPRD_AP9a/216, Department of Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6123, USA.
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19
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Keith JM, Gomez LA, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Lord B, Mazur C, Aluisio L, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinolines bearing pendant heterocycles as potent dual H3 antagonist and serotonin transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4374-7. [PMID: 17583504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel and potent 6-heteroaryl-pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinolines with dual histamine H(3) antagonist/serotonin transporter inhibitor activity is described. In vitro and in vivo data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA.
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20
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Black LA, Nersesian DL, Sharma P, Ku YY, Bennani YL, Marsh KC, Miller TR, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA, Cowart M. 4-[6-(2-Aminoethyl)naphthalen-2-yl]benzonitriles are potent histamine H3 receptor antagonists with high CNS penetration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1443-6. [PMID: 17169555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
4-[6-(2-Tertiaryaminoethyl)naphthalen-2-yl]benzonitriles are conformationally constrained histamine H3 receptor antagonists with high potency and selectivity. The analogs were designed around a naphthalene core, with the goal of enhancing lipophilicity and CNS penetration, as compared to a previously reported benzofuran series. The SAR of the tertiary amine moiety is similar to that reported for the benzofuran series, with analogs bearing a 2-methylpyrrolidine substituent possessing the greatest rat and human H3 receptor binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Black
- Neuroscience Research, GPRD, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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21
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Dai H, Fu Q, Shen Y, Hu W, Zhang Z, Timmerman H, Leurs R, Chen Z. The histamine H3 receptor antagonist clobenpropit enhances GABA release to protect against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity through the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in cultured cortical neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 563:117-23. [PMID: 17350613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the histamine H3 receptor antagonist clobenpropit, the roles of histamine H3 receptors in NMDA-induced necrosis were investigated in rat cultured cortical neurons. Clobenpropit reversed the neurotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, and showed peak protection at a concentration of 10(-7) M. This protection was antagonized by the histamine H3 receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, but not by the histamine H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine or the histamine H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. In addition, the protection by clobenpropit was inhibited by the GABAA receptor antagonists picrotoxin and bicuculline. Further study demonstrated that the protection by clobenpropit was due to increased GABA release. The inducible GABA release was also inhibited by (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, but not by pyrilamine or cimetidine. Furthermore, both the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ-22536 and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89 reversed the protection and the GABA release by clobenpropit. In addition, clobenpropit reversed the NMDA-induced increase in intracellular calcium level, which was antagonized by (R)-alpha-methylhistamine. These results indicate that clobenpropit enhanced GABA release to protect against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, which was induced through the cAMP/PKA pathway, and reduction of intracellular calcium level may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, and Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, China
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22
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Keith JM, Gomez LA, Letavic MA, Ly KS, Jablonowski JA, Seierstad M, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Fraser IC, Mazur C, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Dual serotonin transporter/histamine H3 ligands: Optimization of the H3 pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:702-6. [PMID: 17107798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetrahydroisoquinolines acting as dual histamine H3/serotonin transporter ligands is described. A highly regio-selective synthesis of the tetrahydroisoquinoline core involving acid mediated ring-closure of an acetophenone intermediate followed by reduction with NaCNBH3 was developed. In vitro and in vivo data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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23
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Letavic MA, Keith JM, Jablonowski JA, Stocking EM, Gomez LA, Ly KS, Miller JM, Barbier AJ, Bonaventure P, Boggs JD, Wilson SJ, Miller KL, Lord B, McAllister HM, Tognarelli DJ, Wu J, Abad MC, Schubert C, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Novel tetrahydroisoquinolines are histamine H3 antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1047-51. [PMID: 17127059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-based histamine H(3) ligands that also have serotonin reuptake transporter inhibitor activity is described. The synthesis, in vitro biological data, and select pharmacokinetic data for these novel compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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24
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Smith FM, Haskelberg H, Tracey DJ, Moalem-Taylor G. Role of histamine H3 and H4 receptors in mechanical hyperalgesia following peripheral nerve injury. Neuroimmunomodulation 2007; 14:317-25. [PMID: 18401194 DOI: 10.1159/000125048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histamine is a chemical mediator that acts at four known types of histamine receptors and has been widely implicated in the development of nociception and neuropathic pain. Blocking histamine H(1) and H(2) receptors has been shown to reduce hyperalgesia following nerve injury, but the role of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors in neuropathic pain has not been studied. Here, we used blockers of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors to assess their effects on neuropathic pain behavior and mast cell numbers following peripheral nerve injury. In addition, we assessed the effect of activating H(4) receptors on neuropathic pain behavior. METHODS Rats were subjected to a partial ligation of the sciatic nerve, a model of neuropathic pain, and were treated either systemically or locally (hindpaw) with the H(3)/H(4) receptor inverse agonist thioperamide, the specific H(4) receptor antagonist JNJ 7777120, or the H(4) receptor agonist VUF 8430. Measurements of mechanical hyperalgesia were carried out by Randall-Selitto test for 1-3 weeks, and sciatic nerve tissues were analyzed for numbers of intact mast cells by histology at 9 h after surgery. RESULTS Rats treated with thioperamide or JNJ 7777120 showed significantly enhanced mechanical hyperalgesia after partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. The number of intact mast cells in the injured nerve of these rats was higher than in control rats suggesting reduced mast cell degranulation, but was still significantly lower than in intact nerves. Rats treated with VUF 8430 showed significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia. CONCLUSION We propose that the increase in mechanical hyperalgesia produced by thioperamide and JNJ 7777120 and the decrease in mechanical hyperalgesia produced by VUF 8430 may represent a direct effect of these agents on mechanospecific primary afferents, or an indirect effect of these agents via injury-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Smith
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Abstract
With the availability of an increased number of experimental tools, for example potent and brain-penetrating H1-, H2-, and H3-receptor ligands and mutant mice lacking the histamine synthesis enzyme or the histamine receptors, the functional roles of histaminergic neurons in the brain have been considerably clarified during the recent years, particularly their major role in the control of arousal, cognition, and energy balance. Various approaches tend to establish the implication of histaminergic neurons in schizophrenia. A strong hyperactivity of histamine neurons is induced in rodent brain by administration of methamphetamine or NMDA-receptor antagonists. Histamine neuron activity is modulated by typical and atypical neuroleptics. H3-receptor antagonists/inverse agonists display antipsychotic-like properties in animal models of the disease. Because of the limited predictability value of most animal models and the paucity of drugs affecting histaminergic transmission that were tried so far in human, the evidence remains therefore largely indirect, but supports a role of histamine neurons in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Arrang
- INSERM, U573, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
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26
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Malmlöf K, Golozoubova V, Peschke B, Wulff BS, Refsgaard HHF, Johansen PB, Cremers T, Rimvall K. Increase of neuronal histamine in obese rats is associated with decreases in body weight and plasma triglycerides. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:2154-62. [PMID: 17189541 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to examine the metabolic effects of a specific histamine H(3) receptor antagonist, the cinnamic amide NNC 0038-0000-1202 (NNC 38-1202). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Effects of NNC 38-1202 on paraventricular levels of histamine and acute effects on food intake were followed in normal rats, whereas effects on body weight homeostasis and lipid metabolism were studied in a rat model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). RESULTS NNC 38-1202, administered as single oral doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg, significantly (p < 0.01) increased paraventricular histamine by 339 +/- 54% and 403 +/- 105%, respectively, compared with basal levels. The same doses produced significant (p < 0.01) reductions in food intake. In DIO rats receiving NNC 38-1202 in a daily dose of 5 mg/kg for 22 days, a decrease in food intake was associated with a significant (p < 0.001) net loss of body weight (-11.0 +/- 4.8 grams), compared with rats receiving vehicle, which gained 13.6 +/- 3.0 grams. Also, NNC 38-1202 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plasma triglycerides by approximately 42%, in parallel with increases in plasma free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. Despite reductions in food intake and body weight following administration of NNC 38-1202, no sign of a decrease in energy expenditure was observed, and whole-body lipid oxidation was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the period after dosing. DISCUSSION The present study suggests that antagonistic targeting of the histamine H(3) receptor decreases food intake, body weight, and plasma TG levels and, thus, represents an interesting approach to treatment of obesity and associated hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Malmlöf
- Department of Diabetes Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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27
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Abstract
Research into new methods of controlling acid secretion is driven by existing medical needs in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease treatment. Histamine receptor subtype 3 agonists offer one approach for acid inhibition but no agent is yet undergoing clinical testing. Other, as yet unrealized strategies include preventing the fusion of the tubulovesicular elements that contain H+/K+-ATPase with the parietal cell membrane, or blocking channels that recycle K+ in the parietal cell. Of more promise are gastrin (cholecystokinin) receptor antagonists and potassium-competitive acid blockers; examples of both are in clinical development. It is probable that gastrin receptor antagonists would be used adjunctively with proton pump inhibitors, possibly for meal-induced reflux. The potassium-competitive acid blockers have attributes that may facilitate use as monotherapy for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The early promise of gastrin receptor antagonists and potassium-competitive acid blockers remains to be defined in large-scale trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Parsons
- Department of Biosciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK.
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28
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Bergquist F, Ruthven A, Ludwig M, Dutia MB. Histaminergic and glycinergic modulation of GABA release in the vestibular nuclei of normal and labyrinthectomised rats. J Physiol 2006; 577:857-68. [PMID: 17038426 PMCID: PMC1890394 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular compensation (the behavioural recovery that follows unilateral vestibular de-afferentation), is facilitated by histamine, and is associated with increased central histamine release and alterations in histamine H(3) receptor expression in the vestibular nuclei. However, little is known of the effects of histamine on neurotransmission in the vestibular nuclei, and the mechanisms by which histamine may influence compensation are unclear. Here we examined the modulatory effects of histaminergic agents on the release of amino acid neurotransmitters in slices of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) prepared from normal and labyrinthectomised rats. The release of GABA, but not glutamate, glycine or aspartate, was robustly and reproducibly evoked by a high-K(+) stimulus applied to normal MVN slices. Histamine inhibited the evoked release of GABA, both through a direct action on presynaptic H(3) receptors (presumably located on GABAergic terminals), and through a novel, indirect pathway that involved the increased release of glycine by activation of postsynaptic H(1)/H(2) receptors (presumably on glycinergic neurons). After unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), the direct H(3) receptor-mediated inhibition of GABA release was profoundly downregulated in both ipsi-lesional and contra-lesional MVNs. This effect appeared within 25 h post-UL and persisted for at least 3 weeks post-UL. In addition, at 25 h post-UL the indirect glycinergic pathway caused a marked suppression of GABA release in the contra-lesional but not ipsi-lesional MVN, which was overcome by strychnine. Stimulation of histamine H(3) receptors at 25 h post-UL restored contra-lesional GABA release to normal, suggesting that acutely after UL H(3) receptors may strongly modulate glycinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the MVN. These findings are the first to demonstrate the modulatory actions of the histaminergic system on neurotransmission in the vestibular nuclei, and the changes that occur during vestibular system plasticity. During vestibular compensation, histaminergic modulation of glycine and GABA release may contribute to the rebalancing of neural activity in the vestibular nuclei of the lesioned and intact sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Bergquist
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Edinburgh University Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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29
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Lau JF, Jeppesen CB, Rimvall K, Hohlweg R. Ureas with histamine H3-antagonist receptor activity—A new scaffold discovered by lead-hopping from cinnamic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5303-8. [PMID: 16908150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A group of tri and tetrasubstituted urea derivatives have been found to be hH(3)-antagonists. The most potent compounds were found in the class of (piperazine-1-yl)-(piperidine-1-yl)-methanones which in addition showed negligible hERG inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper F Lau
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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30
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Ligneau X, Perrin D, Landais L, Camelin JC, Calmels TPG, Berrebi-Bertrand I, Lecomte JM, Parmentier R, Anaclet C, Lin JS, Bertaina-Anglade V, la Rochelle CD, d'Aniello F, Rouleau A, Gbahou F, Arrang JM, Ganellin CR, Stark H, Schunack W, Schwartz JC. BF2.649 [1-{3-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)propoxy]propyl}piperidine, Hydrochloride], a Nonimidazole Inverse Agonist/Antagonist at the Human Histamine H3 Receptor: Preclinical Pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 320:365-75. [PMID: 17005916 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor inverse agonists are known to enhance the activity of histaminergic neurons in brain and thereby promote vigilance and cognition. 1-{3-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)propoxy]propyl}piperidine, hydrochloride (BF2.649) is a novel, potent, and selective nonimidazole inverse agonist at the recombinant human H3 receptor. On the stimulation of guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate binding to this receptor, BF2.649 behaved as a competitive antagonist with a Ki value of 0.16 nM and as an inverse agonist with an EC50 value of 1.5 nM and an intrinsic activity approximately 50% higher than that of ciproxifan. Its in vitro potency was approximately 6 times lower at the rodent receptor. In mice, the oral bioavailability coefficient, i.e., the ratio of plasma areas under the curve after oral and i.v. administrations, respectively, was 84%. BF2.649 dose dependently enhanced tele-methylhistamine levels in mouse brain, an index of histaminergic neuron activity, with an ED50 value of 1.6 mg/kg p.o., a response that persisted after repeated administrations for 17 days. In rats, the drug enhanced dopamine and acetylcholine levels in microdialysates of the prefrontal cortex. In cats, it markedly enhanced wakefulness at the expense of sleep states and also enhanced fast cortical rhythms of the electroencephalogram, known to be associated with improved vigilance. On the two-trial object recognition test in mice, a promnesiant effect was shown regarding either scopolamine-induced or natural forgetting. These preclinical data suggest that BF2.649 is a valuable drug candidate to be developed in wakefulness or memory deficits and other cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ligneau
- Bioprojet-Biotech, Saint Grégoire, France
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31
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Yoshimoto R, Miyamoto Y, Shimamura K, Ishihara A, Takahashi K, Kotani H, Chen AS, Chen HY, MacNeil DJ, Kanatani A, Tokita S. Therapeutic potential of histamine H3 receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:13866-71. [PMID: 16954192 PMCID: PMC1560086 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) are located on the presynaptic membranes and cell soma of histamine neurons, where they negatively regulate the synthesis and release of histamine. In addition, H3Rs are also located on nonhistaminergic neurons, acting as heteroreceptors to regulate the releases of other amines such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. The present study investigated the effects of H3R ligands on appetite and body-weight regulation by using WT and H3R-deficient mice (H3RKO), because brain histamine plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis. The results showed that thioperamide, an H3R inverse agonist, increases, whereas imetit, an H3R agonist, decreases appetite and body weight in diet-induced obese (DiO) WT mice. Moreover, in DiO WT mice, but not in DiO H3RKO mice, imetit reduced fat mass, plasma concentrations of leptin and insulin, and hepatic triglyceride content. The anorexigenic effects of imetit were associated with a reduction in histamine release, but a comparable reduction in histamine release with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, an inhibitor of histamine synthesis, increased appetite. Moreover, the anorexigenic effects of imetit were independent of the melanocortin system, because imetit comparably reduced appetite in melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor-deficient mice. The results provide roles of H3Rs in energy homeostasis and suggest a therapeutic potential for H3R agonists in the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshimoto
- *Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan; and
| | - Yasuhisa Miyamoto
- *Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan; and
| | - Ken Shimamura
- *Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan; and
| | - Akane Ishihara
- *Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan; and
| | - Kazuhiko Takahashi
- *Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan; and
| | - Hidehito Kotani
- *Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan; and
| | - Airu S. Chen
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
| | - Howard Y. Chen
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
| | - Douglas J. MacNeil
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065
| | - Akio Kanatani
- *Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan; and
| | - Shigeru Tokita
- *Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan; and
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Shenton FC, Chazot PL. Probing the importance of N-glycosylation for [(3)H] clobenpropit binding to human H (3) receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells . 3. Molecular and chemical aspects of the histamine receptors. Inflamm Res 2006; 55 Suppl 1:S40-1. [PMID: 16547815 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-005-0033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F C Shenton
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
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Abstract
Preincubation of striatal slices with the selective histamine H3-receptor agonist immepip (100 nM) decreased the specific binding of N-alpha-[methyl-3H]-histamine ([3H]-NMHA) to membranes obtained from the treated slices. The binding decrease was significant after 5 min, remained at similar reduced levels between 5- and 30-min incubations with agonist, and only a partial recovery was observed after 90-min washout (34, 41, and 44% at 90, 120, and 150 min, respectively). Saturation analysis showed a significant decrease in both receptor density (-44% +/- 9%) and affinity (dissociation constant, Kd 1.15 +/- 0.23 nM from 0.59 +/- 0.17 nM). The effect of immepip was mimicked by histamine and the H3 agonists imetit and R-alpha-methylhistamine, and was blocked by the H3 antagonist thioperamide. The reduction in [3H]-NMHA binding was fully and partially prevented by incubation at 4 degrees C and in hypertonic medium, respectively, but not by the endocytosis inhibitor phenylarsine oxide (10 microM). None of the following protein kinase inhibitors, Ro-318220 and Gö-6976 (PKC), H-89 (PKA) and staurosporine (general inhibitor) prevented the effect of immepip. In [3H]-adenine-labeled slices the preincubation with immepip (100 nM, 15 min) prevented the inhibitory effect of H3 receptor activation on forskolin-induced [3H]-cAMP accumulation (99% +/- 9% vs. 76% +/- 4% of control values). Taken together our results indicate that agonist binding promotes the down-regulation of striatal H3 receptors resulting in a significant loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Garduño-Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000 México, D.F., Mexico
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34
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Watanabe M, Kazuta Y, Hayashi H, Yamada S, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Stereochemical Diversity-Oriented Conformational Restriction Strategy. Development of Potent Histamine H3 and/or H4 Receptor Antagonists with an Imidazolylcyclopropane Structure. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5587-96. [PMID: 16942032 DOI: 10.1021/jm0603318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemical diversity-oriented conformational restriction strategy can be an efficient method for developing specific ligands for drug target proteins, especially in cases where neither the bioactive conformation nor the pharmacophore is known. To develop potent H3 and H4 receptor antagonists, a series of conformationally restricted analogues of histamine with a chiral cis- or trans-cyclopropane structure were designed on the basis of this strategy. These target compounds with stereochemical diversity were synthesized from the versatile chiral cyclopropane units (1S,2R)- and (1R,2R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-1-formylcyclopropane (6 and 7, respectively) or their enantiomers ent-6 and ent-7. Pharmacological profiles of these conformationally restricted analogues were shown to be different depending on the cyclopropane backbones. Among the analogues, (1R,2S)-2-[2-(4-chlorobenzylamino)ethyl]-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (11a) with the (1R)-trans-cyclopropane structure has remarkable antagonistic activity to both the H3 (Ki = 8.4 nM) and H4 (Ki = 7.6 nM) receptors. The enantiomer of 11a, i.e., ent-11a, with the (1S)-trans-cyclopropane structure turned out to be a highly potent and selective H3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 3.6 nM. Conversely, (1R,2R)-2-[(4-chlorobenzylamino)methyl]-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (10a) with the (1R)-trans structure was selective for the H4 receptor (Ki = 118 nM) compared to the H3 receptor (Ki > 10(3) nM). Thus, a variety of compounds with different pharmacological profiles have been developed. These results show that when the structure of the target protein is unknown, the stereochemical diversity-oriented approach can be a powerful strategy in medicinal chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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35
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Pan JB, Yao BB, Miller TR, Kroeger PE, Bennani YL, Komater VA, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA, Decker MW, Fox GB. Evidence for tolerance following repeated dosing in rats with ciproxifan, but not with A-304121. Life Sci 2006; 79:1366-79. [PMID: 16730751 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of presynaptic histamine H(3) receptors with potent and selective ligands improves cognitive function in rodents and there is significant interest in developing such drugs for long-term symptomatic treatment of CNS disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unfortunately, little is known about the effects of repeated exposure to H(3) receptor antagonists/inverse agonists. We therefore investigated the effects of acute and repeated daily administration of two potent, brain penetrating H(3) receptor antagonists/inverse agonists, ciproxifan and A-304121, on rat body weight, food and water intake, core temperature and locomotor activity, as well as H(3) receptor density and gene expression levels. Methylphenidate, used clinically for the treatment of ADHD, was included as an additional comparator. Ciproxifan, an imidazole-based compound, decreased food intake over the first 10 days and locomotor activity acutely, but these effects were lost after further repeated administration. The ex vivo binding studies revealed increased H(3) receptor density in rats following repeated administration of ciproxifan for 10 or 15 days; however, H(3) receptor gene expression was not changed. In contrast, rats treated with the non-imidazole, A-304121, did not differ from controls on any measure during the observation period, while rats treated with methylphenidate exhibited hyperthermia and hyperactivity. The implications for potential long-term treatment with H(3) receptor antagonists in CNS disorders such as ADHD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Bao Pan
- Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6125, USA.
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36
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Morini G, Comini M, Rivara M, Rivara S, Lorenzi S, Bordi F, Mor M, Flammini L, Bertoni S, Ballabeni V, Barocelli E, Plazzi PV. Dibasic non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists with a rigid biphenyl scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4063-7. [PMID: 16713264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A class of rigid, dibasic, non-imidazole H3 antagonists was developed, starting from a series of previously described flexible compounds. The original polymethylene chain between two tertiary amine groups was replaced by a rigid scaffold, composed by a phenyl ring or a biphenyl fragment. Modulation of the distance between the two amine groups, and of their alkyl substituents, was driven by superposition of molecular models and docking into a receptor model, resulting in the identification of 1,1'-[biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(methylene)]bis-piperidine (5) as a subtype-selective H3 antagonist with high binding affinity (pKi=9.47) at human H3 histamine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Morini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V. le G.P. Usberti 27/A, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
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37
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Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence points to a role of central histaminergic system in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The present study was designed to study the effect of histamine H(3)-receptor ligands on neuroleptic-induced catalepsy, apomorphine-induced climbing behavior and amphetamine-induced locomotor activities in mice. Catalepsy was induced by haloperidol (2 mg/kg p.o.), while apomorphine (1.5 mg/kg s.c.) and amphetamine (2 mg/kg s.c.) were used for studying climbing behavior and locomotor activities, respectively. (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (RAMH) (5 microg i.c.v.) and thioperamide (THP) (15 mg/kg i.p.), per se did not cause catalepsy. Administration of THP (3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg i.p.) 1 h prior to haloperidol resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the catalepsy times (P < 0.05). However, pretreatment with RAMH significantly reversed such an effect of THP (15 mg/kg i.p.). RAMH per se showed significant reduction in locomotor time, distance traveled and average speed but THP (15 mg/kg i.p.) per se had no effect on these parameters. On amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, THP (3.75 and 7.5 mg/kg i.p.) reduced locomotor time, distance traveled and average speed (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with RAMH (5 microg i.c.v.) could partially reverse such effects of THP (3.75 mg/kg i.p.). Climbing behavior induced by apomorphine was reduced in animals treated with THP. Such an effect was, however, reversed in presence of RAMH. THP exhibited an antipsychotic-like profile by potentiating haloperidol-induced catalepsy, reducing amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and reducing apomorphine-induced climbing in mice. Such effects of THP were reversed by RAMH indicating the involvement of histamine H(3)-receptors. Findings suggest a potential for H(3)-receptor antagonists in improving the refractory cases of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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38
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Abstract
Whereas antihistamines are generally known for their sedative side effects, this review shows that several studies also found mild stimulating effects on performance for the H1-antagonists terfenadine, ebastine, fexofenadine and desloratadine. These stimulating effects were mostly demonstrated in tasks involving high levels of attention, e.g. divided attention tasks, vigilance tasks and driving tasks. The stimulating effects of these antihistamines were often dependent of the given dose; however the relation was not always linear. The mechanism responsible for the stimulating effects of these four antihistamines is still unclear, though it is hypothesized that it involves other neurotransmitters like dopamine and GABA, or that it acts through the H3 histamine receptor. Further research is needed to clarify the ambiguous role of histamine in processes of arousal. In addition, it would be useful to determine whether terfenadine, ebastine, fexofenadine and desloratadine can return allergic patient's performance back to their preclinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eef L Theunissen
- Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Brain and Behavior Institute, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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39
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Jesudason CD, Beavers LS, Cramer JW, Dill J, Finley DR, Lindsley CW, Stevens FC, Gadski RA, Oldham SW, Pickard RT, Siedem CS, Sindelar DK, Singh A, Watson BM, Hipskind PA. Synthesis and SAR of novel histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3415-8. [PMID: 16677814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, and tetrahydroazepine antagonists of the human and rat H(3) receptors are described. The substitution around these rings as well as the nature of the substituent on nitrogen is explored. Several compounds with high affinity and selectivity for the human and rat H(3) receptors are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia D Jesudason
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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40
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Gbahou F, Vincent L, Humbert-Claude M, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Chabret C, Arrang JM. Compared pharmacology of human histamine H3 and H4 receptors: structure-activity relationships of histamine derivatives. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147:744-54. [PMID: 16432504 PMCID: PMC1751501 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Various histamine derivatives were investigated at the human H3 receptor (H3R) and H4 receptor (H4R) stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells using [125I]iodoproxyfan and [3H]histamine binding, respectively. In Tris buffer, [3H]histamine binding to membranes of HEK(hH4R) cells was monophasic (K(D) of 3.8+/-0.8 nM). In phosphate buffer, the Hill coefficient was decreased (n(H) = 0.5+/-0.1) and a large fraction of the binding was converted into a low-affinity component (K(D) = 67+/-27 nM). The inhibition of [3H]histamine binding by two agonists, a protean agonist and five antagonists/inverse agonists confirms that the potency of many H3R ligands is retained or only slightly reduced at the H4R. Histamine derivatives substituted with methyl groups in alpha, beta or N(alpha) position of the side chain retained a nanomolar potency at the H3R, but their affinity was dramatically decreased at the H4R. With relative potencies to histamine of 282 and 0.13% at the H3R and H4R, respectively, (+/-)-alpha,beta-dimethylhistamine is a potent and selective H3R agonist. Chiral alpha-branched analogues exhibited a marked stereoselectivity at the H3R and H4R, the enantiomers with a configuration equivalent to L-histidine being preferred at both receptors. The methylsubstitution of the imidazole ring was also studied. The relative potency to histamine of 4-methylhistamine (4-MeHA) at the H4R (67%) was similar to that reported at H2 receptors but, owing to its high affinity at the H4R (Ki = 7.0+/-1.2 nM) and very low potency at H1- and H3-receptors, it can be considered as a potent and selective H4R agonist. On inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP formation, all the compounds tested, including 4-MeHA, behaved as full agonists at both receptors. However, the maximal inhibition achieved at the H4R (approximately -30%) was much lower than at the H3R (approximately -80%). Thioperamide behaved as an inverse agonist at both receptors and increased cAMP formation with the same maximal effect (approximately +25%). In conclusion, although the pharmacological profiles of the human H3R and H4R overlap, the structure-activity relationships of histamine derivatives at both receptors strongly differ and lead to the identification of selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gbahou
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ludwig Vincent
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie Humbert-Claude
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Joel Tardivel-Lacombe
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Claude Chabret
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Arrang
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U573), Centre Paul Broca, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
- Author for correspondence:
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41
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Łazewska D, Ligneau X, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Ether derivatives of 3-piperidinopropan-1-ol as non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:3522-9. [PMID: 16466921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of aliphatic and aromatic ether derivatives of 3-piperidinopropan-1-ol has been prepared by four different methods. The ethers obtained were evaluated for their affinities at recombinant human histamine H3 receptor, stably expressed in CHO-K1 or HEK 293 cells. All compounds investigated show from moderate to high in vitro affinities in the nanomolar concentration range. Selected compounds were investigated under in vivo conditions after oral administration to mice. Some proved to be highly potent and orally available histamine H3 receptor antagonists. The most potent antagonists in this series have been in vitro the 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl ether 19 (hH3R K(i) = 8.4 nM) and in vivo the simple ethyl ether 2 (ED50 = 1.0mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Łazewska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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42
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Neuhaus J, Oberbach A, Schwalenberg T, Stolzenburg JU. Cultured smooth muscle cells of the human vesical sphincter are more sensitive to histamine than are detrusor smooth muscle cells. Urology 2006; 67:1086-92. [PMID: 16635523 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare histamine receptor expression in cultured smooth muscle cells from the human detrusor and internal sphincter using receptor-specific agonists. METHODS Smooth muscle cells from the bladder dome and internal sphincter were cultured from 5 male patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer therapy. Calcium transients in cells stimulated with carbachol, histamine, histamine receptor 1 (H1R)-specific heptanecarboxamide (HTMT), dimaprit (H2R), and R-(alpha)-methylhistamine (H3R) were measured by calcium imaging. Histamine receptor proteins were detected by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS H1R, H2R, and H3R expression was found in tissue and cultured cells. Carbachol stimulated equal numbers of detrusor and sphincter cells (60% and 51%, respectively). Histamine stimulated significantly more cells than carbachol in detrusor (100%) and sphincter (99.34%) cells. Calcium responses to carbachol in detrusor and sphincter cells were comparable and did not differ from those to histamine in detrusor cells. However, histamine and specific agonists stimulated more sphincter cells than did carbachol (P <0.001), and the calcium increase was greater in sphincter cells than in detrusor cells. Single cell analysis revealed comparable H2R responses in detrusor and sphincter cells, but H1R and H3R-mediated calcium reactions were significantly greater in sphincter cells. CONCLUSIONS Histamine very effectively induces calcium release in smooth muscle cells. In sphincter cells, histamine is even more effective than carbachol regarding the number of reacting cells and the intracellular calcium increase. Some of the variability in the outcome of antihistaminic interstitial cystitis therapies might be caused by the ineffectiveness of the chosen antihistaminic or unintentional weakening of sphincteric function.
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MESH Headings
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carbachol/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cystectomy
- Histamine/analogs & derivatives
- Histamine/pharmacology
- Histamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H2/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H2/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H3/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H3/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder/cytology
- Urinary Bladder/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Neuhaus
- Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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43
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Abstract
To determine how the histaminergic system is implicated in vestibular compensation, we studied the changes in histidine decarboxylase (HDC; the enzyme synthesizing histamine) mRNA regulation in the tuberomammillary (TM) nuclei of cats killed 1 week, 3 weeks and 3 months after unilateral vestibular neurectomy (UVN). We also used one- and two-step bilateral vestibular neurectomized (BVN) cats to determine whether HDC mRNA regulation depended on the asymmetrical vestibular input received by the TM nuclei neurons. In addition, we analysed the HDC mRNA changes in the TM nuclei and the recovery of behavioural functions in UVN cats treated with thioperamide, a pure histaminergic drug. Finally, we quantified binding to histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) in the medial vestibular nucleus (VN) by means of a histamine H3R agonist ([3H]N-alpha-methylhistamine) in order to further investigate the sites and mechanisms of action of histamine in this structure. This study shows that UVN increases HDC mRNA expression in the ipsilateral TM nucleus at 1 week. This increased expression persisted 3 weeks after UVN, and regained control values at 3 months. HDC mRNA expression was unchanged in the one-step BVN cats but showed mirror asymmetrical increases in the two-step BVN compared to the 1 week UVN cats. Three weeks' thioperamide treatment induced a bilateral HDC mRNA up-regulation in the UVN cats, which was higher than in the untreated UVN group. Binding to histamine H3Rs in the MVN showed a strong bilateral decrease after thioperamide treatment, while it was reduced ipsilaterally in the UVN cats. That such changes of the histaminergic system induced by vestibular lesion and treatment may play a functional role in vestibular compensation is strongly supported by the behavioural data. Indeed, spontaneous nystagmus, posture and locomotor balance were rapidly recovered in the UVN cats treated with thioperamide. These results demonstrate that changes in histamine levels are related to vestibular compensation.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Cats
- Functional Laterality
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Histamine/metabolism
- Histamine Agonists/metabolism
- Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Histidine Decarboxylase/genetics
- Histidine Decarboxylase/metabolism
- Hypothalamic Area, Lateral/drug effects
- Hypothalamic Area, Lateral/enzymology
- Methylhistamines/metabolism
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Nystagmus, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Piperidines/therapeutic use
- Postural Balance/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H3/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H3/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Vestibular Nerve/surgery
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/drug effects
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/enzymology
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/innervation
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Tighilet
- UMR 6149 Neurobiologie Intégrative et Adaptative, Pôle 3C Comportement, Cerveau, Cognition, Centre de St Charles - Case B, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
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44
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Abstract
Histamine H(3) receptor agonists and antagonists have been evaluated in numerous in vitro and in vivo animal models to better understand how H(3) receptors modulate neurotransmitter function in the central nervous system. Likewise, behavioural models have explored the hypothesis that changes in neurotransmitter release could enhance cognitive function in human diseases. This review examines the reported effects of H(3) receptor ligands and how they influence cognitive behaviour. These data are interpreted on the basis of different cognitive domains that are relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases. Because of the diversity of H(3) receptors, their function and their influence on neurotransmitter systems, considerable promise exists for H(3) ligands to treat diseases in which aspects of learning and memory are impaired. However, because of the complexities of the histaminergic system and H(3) receptors and the lack of clinical data so far, proof of principle for use in human disease remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Hancock
- Abbott Laboratories, Department R4MN, Building AP9A/3, Neuroscience Division, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6125, USA.
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45
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Cowart M, Gfesser GA, Bhatia K, Esser R, Sun M, Miller TR, Krueger K, Witte D, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA. Fluorescent benzofuran histamine H3 receptor antagonists with sub-nanomolar potency. Inflamm Res 2006; 55 Suppl 1:S47-8. [PMID: 16705379 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-005-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Cowart
- GPRD Neuroscience Research , R4MN, AP9A/216, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, 60064-6123, USA,
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46
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Kukko-Lukjanov TK, Soini S, Taira T, Michelsen KA, Panula P, Holopainen IE. Histaminergic neurons protect the developing hippocampus from kainic acid-induced neuronal damage in an organotypic coculture system. J Neurosci 2006; 26:1088-97. [PMID: 16436594 PMCID: PMC6674565 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1369-05.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The central histaminergic neuron system inhibits epileptic seizures, which is suggested to occur mainly through histamine 1 (H1) and histamine 3 (H3) receptors. However, the importance of histaminergic neurons in seizure-induced cell damage is poorly known. In this study, we used an organotypic coculture system and confocal microscopy to examine whether histaminergic neurons, which were verified by immunohistochemistry, have any protective effect on kainic acid (KA)-induced neuronal damage in the developing hippocampus. Fluoro-Jade B, a specific marker for degenerating neurons, indicated that, after the 12 h KA (5 microM) treatment, neuronal damage was significantly attenuated in the hippocampus cultured together with the posterior hypothalamic slice containing histaminergic neurons [HI plus HY (POST)] when compared with the hippocampus cultured alone (HI) or with the anterior hypothalamus devoid of histaminergic neurons. Moreover, alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, an inhibitor of histamine synthesis, eliminated the neuroprotective effect in KA-treated HI plus HY (POST), and extracellularly applied histamine (1 nM to 100 microM) significantly attenuated neuronal damage only at 1 nM concentration in HI. After the 6 h KA treatment, spontaneous electrical activity registered in the CA1 subregion contained significantly less burst activity in HI plus HY (POST) than in HI. Finally, in KA-treated slices, the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide enhanced the neuroprotective effect of histaminergic neurons, whereas the H1 receptor antagonists triprolidine and mepyramine dose-dependently decreased the neuroprotection in HI plus HY (POST). Our results suggest that histaminergic neurons protect the developing hippocampus from KA-induced neuronal damage, with regulation of neuronal survival being at least partly mediated through H1 and H3 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/physiology
- Coculture Techniques
- Convulsants/toxicity
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Histamine/biosynthesis
- Histamine/pharmacology
- Histamine/physiology
- Histamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology
- Hypothalamus, Anterior/cytology
- Hypothalamus, Posterior/cytology
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Kainic Acid/toxicity
- Methylhistidines/pharmacology
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neurons/physiology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Pyrilamine/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/physiology
- Receptors, Histamine H3/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H3/physiology
- Thiourea/analogs & derivatives
- Thiourea/pharmacology
- Triprolidine/pharmacology
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47
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Govoni M, Lim HD, El-Atmioui D, Menge WMPB, Timmerman H, Bakker RA, Leurs R, De Esch IJP. A Chemical Switch for the Modulation of the Functional Activity of Higher Homologues of Histamine on the Human Histamine H3 Receptor: Effect of Various Substitutions at the Primary Amino Function. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2549-57. [PMID: 16610798 DOI: 10.1021/jm0504353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to establish the structural requirements for agonism, neutral antagonism, and inverse agonism at the human histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) we have prepared a series of higher homologues of histamine in which the terminal nitrogen of the side chain has been either mono- or disubstituted with several aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic moieties or incorporated in cyclic systems. The novel ligands have been pharmacologically investigated in vitro for their affinities on the human H(3)R and H(4)R subtypes by radioligand displacement experiments and for their intrinsic H(3)R activities via a CRE-mediated beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay. Subtle changes of the substitution pattern at the side chain nitrogen alter enormously the pharmacological activity of the ligands, resulting in a series of compounds with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. Among the several neutral H(3)R antagonists identified within this series, compounds 2b and 2h display an H(3)R affinity in the low nanomolar concentration range (pK(i) values of 8.1 and 8.4, respectively). A very potent and selective H(3)R agonist (1l, pEC(50) = 8.9, alpha = 0.94) and a very potent, though not highly selective, H(3)R inverse agonist (2k, pIC(50) = 8.9, alpha = -0.97) have been identified as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinella Govoni
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Hancock AA, Bitner RS, Krueger KM, Otte S, Nikkel AL, Fey TA, Bush EN, Dickinson RW, Shapiro R, Knourek-Segel V, Droz BA, Brune ME, Jacobson PB, Cowart MD, Esbenshade TA. Distinctions and contradistinctions between antiobesity histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists compared to cognition-enhancing H3 receptor antagonists. Inflamm Res 2006; 55 Suppl 1:S42-4. [PMID: 16547814 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-005-0034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Hancock
- Department R4MN, AP9A-3, Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL, 60064-6125, USA
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49
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Huang ZL, Mochizuki T, Qu WM, Hong ZY, Watanabe T, Urade Y, Hayaishi O. Altered sleep-wake characteristics and lack of arousal response to H3 receptor antagonist in histamine H1 receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4687-92. [PMID: 16537376 PMCID: PMC1450232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600451103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histaminergic neurons play an important role in the regulation of sleep-wake behavior through histamine H(1) receptors (H(1)R). Blockade of the histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) is proposed to induce wakefulness by regulating the release of various wake-related transmitters, not only histamine. In the present study, we characterized sleep-wake cycles of H(1)R knockout (KO) mice and their arousal responses to an H(3)R antagonist. Under baseline conditions, H(1)R KO mice showed sleep-wake cycles essentially identical to those of WT mice but with fewer incidents of brief awakening (<16-sec epoch), prolonged durations of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep episodes, a decreased number of state transitions between NREM sleep and wakefulness, and a shorter latency for initiating NREM sleep after an i.p. injection of saline. The H(1)R antagonist pyrilamine mimicked these effects in WT mice. When an H(3)R antagonist, ciproxifan, was administered i.p., wakefulness increased in WT mice in a dose-dependent manner but did not increase at all in H(1)R KO mice. In vivo microdialysis revealed that the i.p. application of ciproxifan increased histamine release from the frontal cortex in both genotypes of mice. These results indicate that H(1)R is involved in the regulation of behavioral state transitions from NREM sleep to wakefulness and that the arousal effect of the H(3)R antagonist completely depends on the activation of histaminergic systems through H(1)R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Li Huang
- *Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Takatoshi Mochizuki
- *Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- *Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Zong-Yuan Hong
- *Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Unit for Immune Surveillance Research, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Institute, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- *Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Osamu Hayaishi
- *Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, 6-2-4 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
E-mail:
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50
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Yao BB, Witte DG, Miller TR, Carr TL, Kang CH, Cassar S, Faghih R, Bennani YL, Surber BW, Hancock AA, Esbenshade TA. Use of an inverse agonist radioligand [3H]A-317920 reveals distinct pharmacological profiles of the rat histamine H3 receptor. Neuropharmacology 2006; 50:468-78. [PMID: 16316670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective radioligands for histamine H(3) receptors have been used to characterize H(3) receptor pharmacology by radioligand binding assays and to determine H(3) receptor distribution by tissue autoradiography. Here we report the synthesis and receptor binding characterization of [(3)H]A-317920 (furan-2-carboxylic acid(2-[4-[3-([3,5-(3)H]4-cyclopropanecarbonyl-phenoxy)-propyl]-piperazin-1-yl]-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-amide), a high affinity inverse agonist radioligand for the rat H(3) receptor. The binding of [(3)H]A-317920 to rat cortical and cloned H(3) receptors revealed fast on- and slower off-rate kinetics with calculated K(d) values in agreement with those determined in saturation binding assays (0.2 nM for both receptors). Further, we compared [(3)H]A-317920 with the agonist [(3)H](N)-alpha-methylhistamine ([(3)H]NalphaMH) as radioligand tools to study receptor pharmacology. Agonists and antagonists displaced [(3)H]NalphaMH with one-site binding characteristics and Hill slopes approached unity. In contrast, although antagonists exhibited one-site binding, [(3)H]A-317920 displacement by agonists was best fit by two-site binding models, and the potencies of the high affinity, GDP-sensitive sites correlated with the potencies defined in [(3)H]NalphaMH binding. Unlike [(125)I]iodoproxyfan, [(3)H]A-317920 exhibits potent and selective binding to rat H(3) receptors with low binding to non-H(3) sites, including cytochrome P450. These findings show that [(3)H]A-317920 is a potent rat H(3) receptor antagonist radioligand and has utility for studying H(3) receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bei Yao
- Neuroscience Disease Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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