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Pastor-Alonso O, Syeda Zahra A, Kaske B, García-Moreno F, Tetzlaff F, Bockelmann E, Grunwald V, Martín-Suárez S, Riecken K, Witte OW, Encinas JM, Urbach A. Generation of adult hippocampal neural stem cells occurs in the early postnatal dentate gyrus and depends on cyclin D2. EMBO J 2024; 43:317-338. [PMID: 38177500 PMCID: PMC10897295 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifelong hippocampal neurogenesis is maintained by a pool of multipotent adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) residing in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG). The mechanisms guiding transition of NSCs from the developmental to the adult state remain unclear. We show here, by using nestin-based reporter mice deficient for cyclin D2, that the aNSC pool is established through cyclin D2-dependent proliferation during the first two weeks of life. The absence of cyclin D2 does not affect normal development of the dentate gyrus until birth but prevents postnatal formation of radial glia-like aNSCs. Furthermore, retroviral fate mapping reveals that aNSCs are born on-site from precursors located in the dentate gyrus shortly after birth. Taken together, our data identify the critical time window and the spatial location of the precursor divisions that generate the persistent population of aNSCs and demonstrate the central role of cyclin D2 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oier Pastor-Alonso
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Anum Syeda Zahra
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Bente Kaske
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Fernando García-Moreno
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Felix Tetzlaff
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Enno Bockelmann
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Vanessa Grunwald
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Soraya Martín-Suárez
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Otto Wilhelm Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Jena Centre for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Encinas
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbo, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Centre for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Wang Y, Tian Y, Long Z, Dong D, He Q, Qiu J, Feng T, Chen H, Tahmasian M, Lei X. Volume of the Dentate Gyrus/CA4 Hippocampal subfield mediates the interplay between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100432. [PMID: 38269356 PMCID: PMC10806754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence increasingly suggests that poor sleep quality is associated with depressive symptoms. The hippocampus might play a crucial role in the interplay between sleep disturbance and depressive symptomatology, e.g., hippocampal atrophy is typically seen in both insomnia disorder and depression. Thus, examining the role of hippocampal volume in the interplay between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms in large healthy populations is vital. Methods We investigated the association between self-reported sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and hippocampal total and subfields' volumes in 1603 healthy young adults from the Behavioral Brain Research Project. Mediation analysis explored the mediating role of hippocampal volumes between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Results Self-reported sleep quality and depressive symptoms were positively correlated. In addition, it negatively related to three hippocampal subfields but not total hippocampal volume. In particular, hippocampal subfield DG and CA4 volumes mediated the interrelationship between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Conclusions Our findings improved the current understanding of the relationship between sleep disturbance, depressive symptomatology, and hippocampal subfields in healthy populations. Considering the crucial role of DG in hippocampal neurogenesis, our results suggest that poor sleep quality may contribute to depression through a reduction of DG volume leading to impaired neurogenesis which is crucial for the regulation of mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Debo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Modo M, Sparling K, Novotny J, Perry N, Foley LM, Hitchens TK. Mapping mesoscale connectivity within the human hippocampus. Neuroimage 2023; 282:120406. [PMID: 37827206 PMCID: PMC10623761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The connectivity of the hippocampus is essential to its functions. To gain a whole system view of intrahippocampal connectivity, ex vivo mesoscale (100 μm isotropic resolution) multi-shell diffusion MRI (11.7T) and tractography were performed on entire post-mortem human right hippocampi. Volumetric measurements indicated that the head region was largest followed by the body and tail regions. A unique anatomical organization in the head region reflected a complex organization of the granule cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus. Tractography revealed the volumetric distribution of the perforant path, including both the tri-synaptic and temporoammonic pathways, as well as other well-established canonical connections, such as Schaffer collaterals. Visualization of the perforant path provided a means to verify the borders between the pro-subiculum and CA1, as well as between CA1/CA2. A specific angularity of different layers of fibers in the alveus was evident across the whole sample and allowed a separation of afferent and efferent connections based on their origin (i.e. entorhinal cortex) or destination (i.e. fimbria) using a cluster analysis of streamlines. Non-canonical translamellar connections running along the anterior-posterior axis were also discerned in the hilus. In line with "dentations" of the GCL, mossy fibers were bunching together in the sagittal plane revealing a unique lamellar organization and connections between these. In the head region, mossy fibers projected to the origin of the fimbria, which was distinct from the body and tail region. Mesoscale tractography provides an unprecedented systems view of intrahippocampal connections that underpin cognitive and emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- Department of Radiology; Department of BioEngineering; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Centre for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh (CNUP); Centre for the Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC).
| | | | | | | | | | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Small Animal Imaging Center; Departmnet of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
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Featherstone RE, Shimada T, Crown LM, Melnychenko O, Yi J, Matsumoto M, Tajinda K, Mihara T, Adachi M, Siegel SJ. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα heterozygous knockout mice show electroencephalogram and behavioral changes characteristic of a subpopulation of schizophrenia and intellectual impairment. Neuroscience 2022; 499:104-117. [PMID: 35901933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficit remains an intractable symptom of schizophrenia, accounting for substantial disability. Despite this, little is known about the cause of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest that schizophrenia patients show several changes in dentate gyrus structure and functional characteristic of immaturity. The immature dentate gyrus (iDG) has been replicated in several mouse models, most notably the αCaMKII heterozygous mouse (CaMKIIa-hKO). The current study characterizes behavioral phenotypes of CaMKIIa-hKO mice and determines their neurophysiological profile using electroencephalogram (EEG) recording from hippocampus. CaMKIIa-hKO mice were hypoactive in home-cage environment; however, they displayed less anxiety-like phenotype, suggestive of impulsivity-like behavior. In addition, severe cognitive dysfunction was evident in CaMKIIa-hKO mice as examined by novel object recognition and contextual fear conditioning. Several EEG phenomena established in both patients and relevant animal models indicate key pathological changes associated with the disease, include auditory event-related potentials and time-frequency EEG oscillations. CaMKIIa-hKO mice showed altered event-related potentials characterized by an increase in amplitude of the N40 and P80, as well as increased P80 latency. These mice also showed increased power in theta range time-frequency measures. Additionally, CaMKIIa-hKO mice showed spontaneous bursts of spike wave activity, possibly indicating absence seizures. The GABAB agonist baclofen increased, while the GABAB antagonist CGP35348 and the T-Type Ca2+ channel blocker Ethosuximide decreased spike wave burst frequency. None of these changes in event-related potentials or EEG oscillations are characteristic of those observed in general population of patients with schizophrenia; yet, CaMKIIa-hKO mice likely model a subpopulation of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Featherstone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Shimada
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lindsey M Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olya Melnychenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janice Yi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Takuma Mihara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Megumi Adachi
- Astellas Research Institute of America, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los, Angeles, CA, USA.
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Yavas E, Trott JM, Fanselow MS. Sexually dimorphic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulation of contextual fear learning in the dentate gyrus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107528. [PMID: 34607024 PMCID: PMC8849609 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Contextual fear conditioning, where the prevailing situational cues become associated with an aversive unconditional stimulus such as electric shock, is sexually dimorphic. Males typically show higher levels of fear than females. There are two components to contextual fear conditioning. First the multiple cues that encompass the context must be integrated into a coherent representation, a process that requires the hippocampus. The second is that representation must be communicated to the basolateral amygdala where it can be associated with shock. If there is inadequate time for forming the representation prior to shock poor conditioning results and this is called the immediate shock deficit. One can isolate the contextual processing component, as well as alleviate the deficit, by providing an opportunity to explore the context without shock prior to the conditioning session. The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which cholinergic processes within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus during contextual processing contribute to the sexual dimorphism. Clozapine-n-oxide (CNO) is a putatively inactive compound that acts only upon synthetic genetically engineered receptors. However, we found that CNO infused into the dentate gyrus prior to exploration eliminated the sexual dimorphism by selectively decreasing freezing in males to the level of females. Biological activity of CNO is usually attributed to metabolism of CNO to clozapine and we found that clozapine, and the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine, produced results similar to CNO, preferentially affecting males. On the other hand, the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine selectively impaired conditioning in females. Overall, the current experiments reveal significant off-target effects of CNO and implicate muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the dentate gyrus as a significant mediator of the sexual dimorphism in contextual fear conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Yavas
- Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jeremy M Trott
- Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Michael S Fanselow
- Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Marzano LAS, de Castro FLM, Machado CA, de Barros JLVM, Macedo E Cordeiro T, Simões E Silva AC, Teixeira AL, Silva de Miranda A. Potential Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3392-3419. [PMID: 34561977 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210923143713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious cause of disability and death among young and adult individuals, displaying complex pathophysiology including cellular and molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. Many experimental and clinical studies investigated the potential relationship between TBI and the process by which neurons are formed in the brain, known as neurogenesis. Currently, there are no available treatments for TBI's long-term consequences being the search for novel therapeutic targets, a goal of highest scientific and clinical priority. Some studies evaluated the benefits of treatments aimed at improving neurogenesis in TBI. In this scenario, herein, we reviewed current pre-clinical studies that evaluated different approaches to improving neurogenesis after TBI while achieving better cognitive outcomes, which may consist in interesting approaches for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alexandre Santos Marzano
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Amaral Machado
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Macedo E Cordeiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
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Avchalumov Y, Mandyam CD. Plasticity in the Hippocampus, Neurogenesis and Drugs of Abuse. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030404. [PMID: 33810204 PMCID: PMC8004884 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus assists with consolidation and storage of long-lasting memories. Decades of research has provided substantial information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and this review discusses these mechanisms in brief. Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder with loss of control over drug taking and drug seeking that is caused by long-lasting memories of drug experience. Relapse to drug use is caused by exposure to context and cues associated with the drug experience, and is a major clinical problem that contributes to the persistence of addiction. This review also briefly discusses some evidence that drugs of abuse alter plasticity in the hippocampus, and that development of novel treatment strategies that reverse or prevent drug-induced synaptic alterations in the hippocampus may reduce relapse behaviors associated with addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chitra D. Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chamaa F, Darwish B, Nahas Z, Al-Chaer ED, Saadé NE, Abou-Kheir W. Long-term stimulation of the anteromedial thalamus increases hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial reference memory in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 402:113114. [PMID: 33417991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown positive clinical results in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous work from our group showed that a single session of DBS to the anteromedial thalamic nucleus (AMN) in awake rats, increased proliferation of stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. We thought to examine the effect of single versus multiple sessions of DBS to the AMN in modulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Rats received unilateral single session, multiple sessions or no electrical stimulation (sham) in the right AMN. Rats received 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) injections and were followed over a period of 1 week or 4 weeks. Single session of electrical stimulation induced a 1.9-fold increase in the number of proliferating BrdU positive cells after one week from stimulation and a 1.8-fold increase at four weeks post stimulation, both in the ipsilateral DG. As for multiple sessions of stimulation, they induced a 3- fold increase that extended to the contralateral DG after 4 weeks from stimulation. Spatial reference memory was tested in the Y-maze test by examining novel arm exploration. Both single and multiple sessions of stimulation prompted an increase in novel arm exploration at week 4, while only the multiple sessions of stimulation had this effect starting from week 1. This study demonstrates that sustained activation of the AMN boosts neurogenesis and improves spatial reference memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Chamaa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batoul Darwish
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Nahas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elie D Al-Chaer
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nayef E Saadé
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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9
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Reid HMO, Lysenko-Martin MR, Snowden TM, Thomas JD, Christie BR. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Perinatal Alcohol Exposure and Perinatal Marijuana Exposure on Adult Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1164-1174. [PMID: 32246781 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marijuana and alcohol are both substances that, when used during pregnancy, may have profound effects on the developing fetus. There is evidence to suggest that both drugs have the capacity to affect working memory, one function of the hippocampal formation; however, there is a paucity of data on how perinatal exposure to alcohol or cannabis impacts the process of adult neurogenesis. METHODS This systematic review examines immunohistochemical data from adult rat and mouse models that assess perinatal alcohol or perinatal marijuana exposure. A comprehensive list of search terms was designed and used to search 3 separate databases. All results were imported to Mendeley and screened by 2 authors. Consensus was reached on a set of final papers that met the inclusion criteria, and their results were summarized. RESULTS Twelve papers were identified as relevant, 10 of which pertained to the effects of perinatal alcohol on the adult hippocampus, and 2 pertained to the effects of perinatal marijuana on the adult hippocampus. Cellular proliferation in the dentate gyrus was not affected in adult rats and mice exposed to alcohol perinatally. In general, perinatal alcohol exposure did not have a significant and reliable effect on the maturation and survival of adult born granule neurons in the dentate gyrus. In contrast, interneuron numbers appear to be reduced in the dentate gyrus of adult rats and mice exposed perinatally to alcohol. Perinatal marijuana exposure was also found to reduce inhibitory interneuron numbers in the dentate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal alcohol exposure and perinatal marijuana exposure both act on inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampal formation of adult rats. These findings suggest simultaneous perinatal alcohol and marijuana exposure (SAM) may have a dramatic impact on inhibitory processes in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M O Reid
- From the, Division of Medical Sciences, (HMOR, MRL, TMS, BRC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melanie R Lysenko-Martin
- From the, Division of Medical Sciences, (HMOR, MRL, TMS, BRC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Taylor M Snowden
- From the, Division of Medical Sciences, (HMOR, MRL, TMS, BRC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Thomas
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, (JDT), San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Brian R Christie
- From the, Division of Medical Sciences, (HMOR, MRL, TMS, BRC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Island Medical Program and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, (BRC), University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia
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10
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Xu W, Li H, He C, Frank J, Chen G. Early Ethanol Exposure Inhibits the Differentiation of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells in a Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1112-1122. [PMID: 32220014 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may damage the developing central nervous system of the fetus and lead to brain structural and functional deficits in the children, known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Previously, using a third trimester-equivalent mouse model, ethanol (EtOH)-induced behavioral deficits (including spatial learning and memory dysfunction) in the mice were detected on postnatal day (PD) 35. The hippocampal formation is critically involved in spatial learning/memory and contains 2 major neuron populations: the pyramidal cells in the hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG). In rodents, while the pyramidal cells are almost exclusively generated prenatally, the DG granule neurons are majorly generated during the first 2 weeks postnatally, which coincides with the period of EtOH exposure in our mouse model. Therefore, in the current study the effects of EtOH exposure on the development of the DGGCs were examined. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with 4 g/kg of EtOH by intubation on PD 4 to 10 to mimic alcohol exposure to the fetus during the third trimester in humans, and the development of DGGCs was examined by immunohistochemistry and quantified on PD 35. RESULTS EtOH exposure does not affect the number of total or newly generated DGGCs, but reduces the number of mature DGGCs on PD 35 in both male and female mice. The ratio of immature DGGCs over total DGGCs was increased, and the ratio of mature DGGCs over total DGGCs was decreased by EtOH exposure. In addition, no sex-dependent effects of EtOH treatment were detected. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that EtOH exposure in mice during PD 4 to 10 does not affect the generation/proliferation but inhibits the differentiation of the DGGCs on PD 35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Caigu He
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jacqueline Frank
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
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Khatri D, Laroche G, Grant ML, Jones VM, Vetreno RP, Crews FT, Mukhopadhyay S. Acute Ethanol Inhibition of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Involves CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Signaling. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:718-726. [PMID: 29417597 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure has been found to inhibit adult hippocampal neurogenesis in multiple models of alcohol addiction. However, acute EtOH inhibition of adult neurogenesis is not well studied. Although many abused drugs have been found to inhibit adult neurogenesis, few have studied cannabinoids or cannabinoids with EtOH, although human use of both together is becoming more common. We used an acute binge alcohol drinking model in combination with select cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists to investigate the actions of each alone and together on hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were treated with an acute binge dose of EtOH (5 g/kg, i.g.), cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) or cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) agonists, as well as selective cannabinoid (CB) antagonists, alone or combined. Hippocampal doublecortin (DCX), Ki67, and activated cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) immunohistochemistry were used to assess neurogenesis, neuroprogenitor proliferation, and cell death, respectively. RESULTS We found that treatment with EtOH or the CB1R agonist, arachidonoyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA), and the combination significantly reduced DCX-positive neurons (DCX + IR) in dentate gyrus (DG) and increased CC3. Further, using an inhibitor of endocannabinoid metabolism, for example, JZL195, we also found reduced DCX + IR neurogenesis. Treatment with 2 different CB1R antagonists (AM251 or SR141716) reversed both CB1R agonist and EtOH inhibition of adult neurogenesis. CB2R agonist HU-308 treatment did not produce any significant change in DCX + IR. Interestingly, neither EtOH nor CB1R agonist produced any alteration in cell proliferation in DG as measured by Ki67 + cell population, but CC3-positive cell numbers increased following EtOH or ACEA treatment suggesting an increase in cell death. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that acute CB1R cannabinoid receptor activation and binge EtOH treatment reduce neurogenesis through mechanisms involving CB1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dal Khatri
- Neuroscience Research Program, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Genevieve Laroche
- Neuroscience Research Program, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marion L Grant
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victoria M Jones
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ryan P Vetreno
- Bowles Alcohol Research Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Bowles Alcohol Research Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Somnath Mukhopadhyay
- Neuroscience Research Program, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Varaschin RK, Allen NA, Rosenberg MJ, Valenzuela CF, Savage DD. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Increases Histamine H 3 Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Rat Dentate Gyrus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:295-305. [PMID: 29315624 PMCID: PMC5785429 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE)-induced deficits in dentate gyrus, long-term potentiation (LTP), and memory are ameliorated by the histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist ABT-239. Curiously, ABT-239 did not enhance LTP or memory in control offspring. Here, we initiated an investigation of how PAE alters histaminergic neurotransmission in the dentate gyrus and other brain regions employing combined radiohistochemical and electrophysiological approaches in vitro to examine histamine H3 receptor number and function. METHODS Long-Evans rat dams voluntarily consumed either a 0% or 5% ethanol solution 4 hours each day throughout gestation. This pattern of drinking, which produces a mean peak maternal serum ethanol concentration of 60.8 ± 5.8 mg/dl, did not affect maternal weight gain, litter size, or offspring birthweight. RESULTS Radiohistochemical studies in adult offspring revealed that specific [3 H]-A349821 binding to histamine H3 receptors was not different in PAE rats compared to controls. However, H3 receptor-mediated Gi /Go protein-effector coupling, as measured by methimepip-stimulated [35 S]-GTPγS binding, was significantly increased in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and dentate gyrus of PAE rats compared to control. A LIGAND analysis of detailed methimepip concentration-response curves in dentate gyrus indicated that PAE significantly elevates receptor-effector coupling by a lower affinity H3 receptor population without significantly altering the affinities of H3 receptor subpopulations. In agreement with the [35 S]-GTPγS studies, a similar range of methimepip concentrations also inhibited electrically evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potential responses and increased paired-pulse ratio, a measure of decreased glutamate release, to a significantly greater extent in dentate gyrus slices from PAE rats than in controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a PAE-induced elevation in H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate release from perforant path terminals as 1 mechanism contributing the LTP deficits previously observed in the dentate gyrus of PAE rats, as well as providing a mechanistic basis for the efficacy of H3 receptor inverse agonists for ameliorating these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael K Varaschin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
| | - Nyika A Allen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
| | - Martina J Rosenberg
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
| | - C Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
| | - Daniel D Savage
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
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Sakhaie MH, Soleimani M, Pirhajati V, Soleimani Asl S, Madjd Z, Mehdizadeh M. Coenzyme Q10 Ameliorates Trimethyltin Chloride Neurotoxicity in Experimental Model of Injury in Dentate Gyrus of Hippocampus: A Histopathological and Behavioral Study. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016; 18:e30297. [PMID: 27781114 PMCID: PMC5065921 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.30297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidative and free radical scavenging effects. CoQ10 supplementation is known to have neuroprotective effects in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate both histopathologic and behavioral whether Coenzyme Q10 is protective against trimethyltin chloride (TMT) induced hippocampal damage. Materials and Methods This was an experimental study. Thirty-six Balb/c mice were divided into four groups, as follows: 1) control group; 2) sham group of mice that received a 100 µL intraperitoneal injection (IP) of sesame oil; 3) TMT group of mice that received a single 2.5 mg/kg/day IP injection of TMT; and 4) TMT + CoQ10 group of mice that received a 10 mg/kg IP injection of CoQ10. Body weight and Morris water maze (MWM) responses were investigated. In addition, the dentate gyrus neurons of the hippocampus were evaluated histopathologically by light and electron microscopes. Results This study revealed that the body weight scale was found to be significantly higher in the CoQ10 group (21.39 ± 2.70), compared to the TMT group (19.39 ± 2.74) (P < 0.05). In the TMT group, the animals showed body a weight loss that was significantly lower than that of the control group (22.33 ± 3.06) (P < 0.05). Our results showed that CoQ10 provided protection against MWM deficits. Furthermore, TMT impaired the ability of mice to locate the hidden platform, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Microscopic studies showed that TMT caused histopathological changes in the dentate gyrus and increased the number of necrotic neurons (476 ± 78.51), compared to the control group (208 ± 40.84) (P < 0.001). But, CoQ10 significantly attenuated (31 9 ± 60.08) the density of necrotic neurons compared to TMT (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of the present study indicate that Coenzyme Q10 diminished neuronal necrosis and improved learning memory. Part of its beneficial effect is due to its potential to discount oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Vahid Pirhajati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mehdi Mehdizadeh, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2182944569, E-mail:
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Karacay B, Mahoney J, Plume J, Bonthius DJ. Genetic absence of nNOS worsens fetal alcohol effects in mice. II: microencephaly and neuronal losses. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:221-31. [PMID: 25664654 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure can kill developing neurons, leading to microencephaly and mental retardation. However, not all fetuses are equally vulnerable to alcohol's neurotoxic effects. While some fetuses are severely affected and are ultimately diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), others have no evidence of neuropathology and are behaviorally normal. These widely different outcomes among alcohol-exposed fetuses are likely due, in part, to genetic differences. Some fetuses possess genotypes that make them much more vulnerable than others to alcohol's teratogenic effects. However, to date, only 1 gene has been identified whose mutation can worsen alcohol-induced behavioral deficits in an animal model of FAS. That gene is neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether mutation of nNOS can likewise worsen alcohol-induced microencephaly and lead to permanent neuronal deficits. METHODS Wild-type and nNOS(-/-) mice received alcohol (0.0, 2.2, or 4.4 mg/g) daily over postnatal days (PDs) 4 to 9. Beginning on PD 85, the mice underwent a series of behavioral tests; the results of which are reported in the companion paper. The brains were then weighed, and stereological cell counts were performed on the cerebral cortex and hippocampal formation, which are the brain regions that mediate the aforementioned behavioral tasks. RESULTS Alcohol caused dose-dependent microencephaly, but only in the nNOS(-/-) mice and not in wild-type mice. Alcohol-induced neuronal losses were more severe in the nNOS(-/-) mice than in the wild-type mice in all of the brain regions examined, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA3 subregion, hippocampal CA1 subregion, and dentate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Targeted mutation of the nNOS gene increases the vulnerability of the developing brain to alcohol-induced growth restriction and neuronal losses. This increased neuropathology is associated with worsened behavioral dysfunction. The results demonstrate the critical importance of genotype in determining the outcome of developmental alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahri Karacay
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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Donaldson ZR, Hen R. From psychiatric disorders to animal models: a bidirectional and dimensional approach. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:15-21. [PMID: 24650688 PMCID: PMC4135025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric genetics research is bidirectional in nature, with human and animal studies becoming more closely integrated as techniques for genetic manipulations allow for more subtle exploration of disease phenotypes. This synergy highlights the importance of considering the way in which we approach the genotype-phenotype relationship. In particular, the nosologic divide of psychiatric illness, although clinically relevant, is not directly translatable in animal models. For instance, mice will never fully recapitulate the broad criteria for many psychiatric disorders; additionally, mice will never have guilty ruminations, suicidal thoughts, or rapid speech. Instead, animal models have been and continue to provide a means to explore dimensions of psychiatric disorders to identify neural circuits and mechanisms underlying disease-relevant phenotypes. The genetic investigation of psychiatric illness can yield the greatest insights if efforts continue to identify and use biologically valid phenotypes across species. This review discusses the progress to date and the future efforts that will enhance translation between human and animal studies, including the identification of intermediate phenotypes that can be studied across species and the importance of refined modeling of human disease-associated genetic variation in mice and other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - René Hen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, and Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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16
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Pendolino V, Bagetta V, Ghiglieri V, Sgobio C, Morelli E, Poggini S, Branchi I, Latagliata EC, Pascucci T, Puglisi-Allegra S, Calabresi P, Picconi B. l-DOPA reverses the impairment of Dentate Gyrus LTD in experimental parkinsonism via β-adrenergic receptors. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:377-85. [PMID: 25058044 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exhibit motor and non-motor symptoms that severely affect quality of life. Cognitive alterations in PD subjects have been related to both structural and functional hippocampal changes. Here we investigated the effects of the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion in the Medial Forebrain Bundle (MFB) on the hippocampus focusing on the Dentate Gyrus (DG). In vivo microdialysis measurements revealed that the 6-OHDA injection disrupts both dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission in rat DG. In vitro electrophysiological recordings showed that these neurochemical alterations were accompanied by impairment of long-term depression (LTD) at medial perforant path/DG synapses. Furthermore, this alteration was reversed by l-DOPA treatment. Notably, the therapeutic effect of l-DOPA on LTD was blocked by the antagonism of β-noradrenergic receptors, but not by dopamine D1 or D2 receptor antagonists. Thus, while the dopaminergic transmission does not seem to be implicated in this therapeutic effect of l-DOPA, the noradrenergic system plays a central role in the synaptic dysfunction of the DG in experimental PD. Our work provides new evidence on the role of catecholamines in DG synaptic plasticity and sheds light on the possible synaptic mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in PD. Furthermore, our results indicate that l-DOPA exerts a therapeutic effect on the parkinsonian brain through different, coexistent, mechanisms.
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Varaschin RK, Rosenberg MJ, Hamilton DA, Savage DD. Differential effects of the histamine H(3) receptor agonist methimepip on dentate granule cell excitability, paired-pulse plasticity and long-term potentiation in prenatal alcohol-exposed rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1902-11. [PMID: 24818819 PMCID: PMC5094461 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that prenatal alcohol-induced deficits in dentate gyrus (DG) long-term potentiation (LTP) are ameliorated by the histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist ABT-239. ABT-239 did not enhance LTP in control rats, suggesting that the possibility of a heightened H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of LTP in prenatal alcohol-exposed (PAE) offspring. METHODS To further investigate this mechanism, we examined the effect of methimepip, a selective histamine H3 receptor agonist, on DG granule cell responses and LTP in saccharin control and PAE rats. Long-Evans rat dams voluntarily consumed either a 0 or 5% ethanol solution 4 hours each day throughout gestation. Adult male offspring from these dams were anesthetized with urethane and electrodes implanted into the entorhinal cortical perforant path and the DG. RESULTS In control offspring, methimepip reduced the coupling of fast excitatory postsynaptic field potentials to population spikes (E-S coupling), the probability of glutamate release, as measured by paired-pulse ratio (PPR) and diminished DG LTP. Similar reductions in E-S coupling and LTP were observed in saline-treated PAE offspring. In contrast to the control group, methimepip did not exacerbate PAE-induced reductions in E-S coupling or LTP. CONCLUSIONS While the effects of methimepip in control offspring were consistent with speculation of a PAE-induced enhancement of H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of E-S coupling and LTP, the absence of an added effect of methimepip in PAE offspring could indicate either an inability to further inhibit these responses with methimepip in PAE rats or the presence of more complex regulatory neural interactions with in vivo recordings in PAE rats. Follow-up studies of H3 receptor-mediated responses in DG slice preparations are under way to provide clearer insights into the role of the H3 receptor regulation of excitatory transmission in PAE rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael K. Varaschin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Martina J. Rosenberg
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Derek A. Hamilton
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Daniel D. Savage
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
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Hegarty SV, O'Keeffe GW, Sullivan AM. BMP-Smad 1/5/8 signalling in the development of the nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 109:28-41. [PMID: 23891815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8, are the pivotal intracellular effectors of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of proteins. BMPs and their receptors are expressed in the nervous system (NS) throughout its development. This review focuses on the actions of Smad 1/5/8 in the developing NS. The mechanisms by which these Smad proteins regulate the induction of the neuroectoderm, the central nervous system (CNS) primordium, and finally the neural crest, which gives rise to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), are reviewed herein. We describe how, following neural tube closure, the most dorsal aspect of the tube becomes a signalling centre for BMPs, which directs the pattern of the development of the dorsal spinal cord (SC), through the action of Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8. The direct effects of Smad 1/5/8 signalling on the development of neuronal and non-neuronal cells from various neural progenitor cell populations are then described. Finally, this review discusses the neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with the knockdown of Smad 1/5/8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane V Hegarty
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Fleming RL, Li Q, Risher ML, Sexton HG, Moore SD, Wilson WA, Acheson SK, Swartzwelder HS. Binge-pattern ethanol exposure during adolescence, but not adulthood, causes persistent changes in GABAA receptor-mediated tonic inhibition in dentate granule cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1154-60. [PMID: 23413887 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, it has become clear that acute ethanol (EtOH) affects various neurobiological and behavioral functions differently in adolescent animals than in adults. However, less is known about the long-term neural consequences of chronic EtOH exposure during adolescence, and most importantly whether adolescence represents a developmental period of enhanced vulnerability to such effects. METHODS We made whole-cell recordings of GABAA receptor-mediated tonic inhibitory currents from dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) in hippocampal slices from adult rats that had been treated with chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) or saline during adolescence, young adulthood, or adulthood. RESULTS CIE reduced baseline tonic current amplitude in DGGCs from animals pretreated with EtOH during adolescence, but not in GCs from those pretreated with EtOH during young adulthood or adulthood. Similarly, the enhancement of tonic currents by acute EtOH exposure ex vivo was increased in GCs from animals pretreated with EtOH during adolescence, but not in those from animals pretreated during either of the other 2 developmental periods. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore our recent report that CIE during adolescence results in enduring alterations in tonic current and its acute EtOH sensitivity and establish that adolescence is a developmental period during which the hippocampal formation is distinctively vulnerable to long-term alteration by chronic EtOH exposure.
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Babri S, Amani M, Mohaddes G, Alihemmati A, Ebrahimi H. Effect of Aggregated β-Amyloid (1-42) on Synaptic Plasticity of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells in Vivo. Bioimpacts 2012; 2:189-94. [PMID: 23678459 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2012.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder in elderly people with an impairment of cognitive decline and memory loss. β-amyloid (Aβ) as a potent neurotoxic peptide has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. This disease begins with impairment in synaptic functions before developing into later neuro¬degeneration and neuronal loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synaptic plasticity and electrophysiological function of granule cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of aggregated Aβ (1-42) peptide in vivo. METHODS Animals were divided to control and Aβ (1-42) groups. Long-term potentia¬tion (LTP) in perforant path-DG synapses was assessed in order to investigate the effect of aggregated Aβ (1-42) on synaptic plasticity. Field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude were measured. RESULTS Administration of Aβ (1-42) significantly decreased fEPSP slope and PS amplitude in Aβ (1-42) group comparing with the control group and had no effect on baseline activity of neurons. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that administration of aggregated form of Aβ (1-42) into the lateral ventricle effectively inhibits LTP in granular cells of the DG in hippocampus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Babri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Reisi P, Alaei H, Babri S, Sharifi MR, Mohaddes G, Soleimannejad E, Rashidi B. Effects of treadmill running on extracellular basal levels of glutamate and GABA at dentate gyrus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Res Med Sci 2010; 15:172-4. [PMID: 21526077 PMCID: PMC3082807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluated the effects of treadmill running on extracellular basal levels of glutamate and GABA at dentate gyrus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS After 12 weeks of diabetes induction and exercise period, extracellular levels of glutamate and GABA were investigated. RESULTS The results showed that glutamate levels were significantly decreased in diabetes-rest group comparing to the control-rest and the diabetes-exercise groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the possibility that treadmill running is helpful in alleviating neurotransmitter homeostasis and alterations in transmission in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Reisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,* Corresponding Author E-mail:
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Babri
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharifi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gisue Mohaddes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kim TS, Ko IG, Sung YH, Kim SE, Kim BK, Park SK, Shin MS, Kim CJ, Yoon SJ, Kim KH. Vardenafil increases cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus through enhancement of serotonin expression in the rat dorsal raphe. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24:1099-104. [PMID: 19949666 PMCID: PMC2775858 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.6.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vardenafil (Levitra), a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, on cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and on 5-hyroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) expression in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (n=5 in each group): a control group, a 0.5 mg/kg-1 day vardenafil-treated group, a 1 mg/kg-1 day vardenafil-treated group, a 2 mg/kg-1 day vardenafil-treated group, a 1 mg/kg-3 day vardenafil-treated group, and a 1 mg/kg-7 day vardenafil-treated group. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry was then performed to evaluate cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. In addition, 5-HT and TPH immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate serotonin expression in the dorsal raphe. The results revealed that treatment with vardenafil increased cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus and enhanced 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in the dorsal raphe in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. The findings demonstrate that the increasing effect of vardenafil on cell proliferation is closely associated with the enhancing effect of vardenafil on serotonin expression under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Soo Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Sung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Kook Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Yoon
- Department of Urology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Khae-Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
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