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González-Franco DA, Pegueros-Maldonado R, Cruz-Quiroz AM, Serafín N, Bello-Medina PC, Prado-Alcalá RA, Quirarte GL. Intense inhibitory avoidance training increases nuclear-phosphorylated glucocorticoid receptors in neurons of CA1 of hippocampus and ventral caudate putamen. Brain Res 2023; 1808:148316. [PMID: 36906227 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Corticosterone (CORT), the principal glucocorticoid in rodents, is released after stressful experiences such as training with high foot-shock intensities in the inhibitory avoidance task (IA). CORT reaches the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) located in almost all brain cells; the GR is subsequently phosphorylated at serine 232 (pGRser232). This has been reported as an indicator of ligand-dependent activation of the GR, as well as a requirement for its translocation into the nucleus for its transcription factor activity. The GR is present in the hippocampus with a high concentration in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG), and a smaller proportion in CA3, and sparsely present in the caudate putamen (CPu); both structures are involved in memory consolidation of IA. To study the participation of CORT in IA, we quantified the ratio of pGR-positive neurons in both dorsal hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and DG) and dorsal and ventral regions of CPu of rats trained in IA, using different foot-shock intensities. Brains were dissected 60 min after training for immunodetection of pGRser232 positive cells. The results show that the groups trained with 1.0 and 2.0 mA had higher retention latencies than the 0.0 mA or 0.5 mA groups. An increase in the ratio of pGR-positive neurons was found in CA1 and ventral region of CPu only for the 2.0 mA trained group. These findings suggest that activation of GRs in CA1 and ventral CPu is involved in the consolidation of a stronger memory of IA, possibly through the modulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A González-Franco
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla. C.P. 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Rogelio Pegueros-Maldonado
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla. C.P. 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - América M Cruz-Quiroz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla. C.P. 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Norma Serafín
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla. C.P. 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Paola C Bello-Medina
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla. C.P. 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Roberto A Prado-Alcalá
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla. C.P. 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Gina L Quirarte
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla. C.P. 76230, Querétaro, México.
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2
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Sathyanarayana SH, Saunders JA, Slaughter J, Tariq K, Chakrabarti R, Sadanandappa MK, Luikart BW, Bosco G. Pten heterozygosity restores neuronal morphology in fragile X syndrome mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109448119. [PMID: 35394871 PMCID: PMC9169627 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109448119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of hippocampal granule neuron development have been used to elucidate cellular functions of Pten and Fmr1. While mutations in each gene cause neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and fragile X syndrome, how Pten and Fmr1 function alone or together during normal development is not known. Moreover, Pten mRNA is bound by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) RNA binding protein, but how this physical interaction impinges on phosphatase and tensin homolog protein (PTEN) expression is not known. To understand the interaction of PTEN and FMRP, we investigated the dentate gyrus granule neuron development in Pten and Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice. Interestingly, heterozygosity of Pten restored Fmr1 KO cellular phenotypes, including dendritic arborization, and spine density, while PTEN protein expression was significantly increased in Fmr1 KO animals. However, complete deletion of both Pten and Fmr1 resulted in a dramatic increase in dendritic length, spine density, and spine length. In addition, overexpression of PTEN in Fmr1 KO Pten heterozygous background reduced dendritic length, arborization, spine density, and spine length including pS6 levels. Our findings suggest that PTEN levels are negatively regulated by FMRP, and some Fmr1 KO phenotypes are caused by dysregulation of PTEN protein. These observations provide evidence for the genetic interaction of PTEN and FMRP and a possible mechanistic basis for the pathogenesis of Fmr1-related fragile X neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine A. Saunders
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Jacob Slaughter
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Kamran Tariq
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Madhumala K. Sadanandappa
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Bryan W. Luikart
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Giovanni Bosco
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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3
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Cole JD, Sarabia del Castillo J, Gut G, Gonzalez-Bohorquez D, Pelkmans L, Jessberger S. Characterization of the neurogenic niche in the aging dentate gyrus using iterative immunofluorescence imaging. eLife 2022; 11:e68000. [PMID: 35089129 PMCID: PMC8798039 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age causes reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, associated with age-related cognitive decline. The spatial relationship of age-induced alterations in neural stem cells (NSCs) and surrounding cells within the hippocampal niche remains poorly understood due to limitations of antibody-based cellular phenotyping. We established iterative indirect immunofluorescence imaging (4i) in tissue sections, allowing for simultaneous detection of 18 proteins to characterize NSCs and surrounding cells in 2-, 6-, and 12-month-old mice. We show that reorganization of the dentate gyrus (DG) niche already occurs in middle-aged mice, paralleling the decline in neurogenesis. 4i-based tissue analysis of the DG identifies changes in cell-type contributions to the blood-brain barrier and microenvironments surrounding NSCs to play a pivotal role to preserve neurogenic permissiveness. The data provided represent a resource to characterize the principles causing alterations of stem cell-associated plasticity within the aging DG and provide a blueprint to analyze somatic stem cell niches across lifespan in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Darby Cole
- Brain Research Institute, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Gabriele Gut
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Fujii Y, Sakata J, Sato F, Onishi K, Yamato Y, Sakata K, Taira S, Sato H, Osakabe N. Impact of short-term oral dose of cinnamtannin A2, an (-)-epicatechin tetramer, on spatial memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 585:1-7. [PMID: 34781055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and intervention studies have suggested that polyphenol-rich plant food consumption reduced the risk of cognitive decline. However, the findings were tentative and by no means definitive. In the present study, we examined the impact of short-term oral administration of cinnamtannin A2 (A2), an (-)-epicatechin tetramer, on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in mice. Mice received supplementation with vehicle (20% glycerol) or 100 μg/kg A2 for 10 days. Then, we conducted the open field test, the object location test, and the novel object test. In the open field test, the A2-treated group tended to spend more time in the center of the arena, compared to the vehicle-treated group. The A2-treated group spent significantly more time exploring objects placed in different locations, compared to the vehicle-treated group. There were no significant differences between groups in the object preference index or in the novel object test. In addition, A2 administration significantly increased the number of hippocampal bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus, but not in the CA1 or CA3 regions. These results suggested that short-term administration of A2 may impact spatial memory by enhancing neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Fujii
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Sato
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kurumi Onishi
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamato
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakata
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Shu Taira
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1248, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan; Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Functional Control Systems, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan; Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan.
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Fernandes GG, Costa KCM, Scomparin DS, Freire JB, Guimarães FS, Campos AC. Genetic Ablation of the Inducible Form of Nitric Oxide in Male Mice Disrupts Immature Neuron Survival in the Adult Dentate Gyrus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782831. [PMID: 34925362 PMCID: PMC8673740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an enzyme upregulated in the brain during neuroimmune stimuli which is associated with an oxidative and pro-inflammatory environment in several brain regions, including the hippocampal formation and the prefrontal cortex. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation is the site of a process known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Although many endogenous and extrinsic factors can modulate AHN, the exact participation of specific proinflammatory mediators such as iNOS in these processes remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigated how the total genetic ablation of iNOS impacts the hippocampal neurogenic niche and microglial phenotype and if these changes are correlated to the behavioral alterations observed in iNOS knockout (K.O.) mice submitted or not to the chronic unpredictable stress model (CUS - 21 days protocol). Contrary to our initial hypothesis, at control conditions, iNOS K.O. mice displayed no abnormalities on microglial activation in the dentate gyrus. However, they did exhibit impaired newborn cells and immature neuron survival, which was not affected by CUS. The reduction of AHN in iNOS K.O. mice was accompanied by an increased positive coping response in the tail suspension test and facilitation of anxiety-like behaviors in the novelty suppressed feeding. Next, we investigated whether a pro-neurogenic stimulus would rescue the neurogenic capacity of iNOS K.O. mice by administering in control and CUS groups the antidepressant escitalopram (ESC). The chronic treatment with ESC could not rescue the neurogenic capacity or the behavioral changes observed in iNOS K.O. mice. Besides, in the ventromedial prefrontal (vmPFC) cortex there was no change in the expression or the chronic activation of PV neurons (evaluated by double labeling PV with FOSB) in the prelimbic (PrL) or infralimbic subregions. FOSB expression, however, increased in the PrL of iNOS K.O. mice. Our results suggest that iNOS seems essential for the survival of newborn cells and immature neurons in the hippocampus and seem to partially explain the anxiogenic-like behavior observed in iNOS K.O. mice. On the other hand, the iNOS ablation appears to result in increased activity of the PrL which could explain the antidepressant-like behaviors of iNOS K.O mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alline C. Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Sidorova M, Kronenberg G, Matthes S, Petermann M, Hellweg R, Tuchina O, Bader M, Alenina N, Klempin F. Enduring Effects of Conditional Brain Serotonin Knockdown, Followed by Recovery, on Adult Rat Neurogenesis and Behavior. Cells 2021; 10:3240. [PMID: 34831469 PMCID: PMC8618971 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a crucial signal in the neurogenic niche of the hippocampus, where it is involved in antidepressant action. Here, we utilized a new transgenic rat model (TetO-shTPH2), where brain 5-HT levels can be acutely altered based on doxycycline (Dox)-inducible shRNA-expression. On/off stimulations of 5-HT concentrations might uniquely mirror the clinical course of major depression (e.g., relapse after discontinuation of antidepressants) in humans. Specifically, we measured 5-HT levels, and 5-HT metabolite 5-HIAA, in various brain areas following acute tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) knockdown, and replenishment, and examined behavior and proliferation and survival of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus. We found that decreased 5-HT levels in the prefrontal cortex and raphe nuclei, but not in the hippocampus of TetO-shTPH2 rats, lead to an enduring anxious phenotype. Surprisingly, the reduction in 5-HT synthesis is associated with increased numbers of BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus. At 3 weeks of Tph2 replenishment, 5-HT levels return to baseline and survival of newly generated cells is unaffected. We speculate that the acutely induced decrease in 5-HT concentrations and increased neurogenesis might represent a compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sidorova
- School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.S.); (O.T.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland;
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Susann Matthes
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Markus Petermann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.); (N.A.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Rainer Hellweg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Oksana Tuchina
- School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.S.); (O.T.)
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.); (N.A.)
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Friederike Klempin
- School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.S.); (O.T.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.); (N.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
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7
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Leal-Galicia P, Chávez-Hernández ME, Mata F, Mata-Luévanos J, Rodríguez-Serrano LM, Tapia-de-Jesús A, Buenrostro-Jáuregui MH. Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11489. [PMID: 34768919 PMCID: PMC8584254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division process involving several developmental steps. This process occurs throughout life in several species, including humans. These new neurons possess unique properties that contribute to the local circuitry. Despite several efforts, no other neurogenic zones have been observed in many years; the lack of observation is probably due to technical issues. However, in recent years, more brain niches have been described, once again breaking the current paradigms. Currently, a debate in the scientific community about new neurogenic areas of the brain, namely, human adult neurogenesis, is ongoing. Thus, several open questions regarding new neurogenic niches, as well as this phenomenon in adult humans, their functional relevance, and their mechanisms, remain to be answered. In this review, we discuss the literature and provide a compressive overview of the known neurogenic zones, traditional zones, and newly described zones. Additionally, we will review the regulatory roles of some molecular mechanisms, such as miRNAs, neurotrophic factors, and neurotrophins. We also join the debate on human adult neurogenesis, and we will identify similarities and differences in the literature and summarize the knowledge regarding these interesting topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Leal-Galicia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - María Elena Chávez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - Florencia Mata
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - Jesús Mata-Luévanos
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Tapia-de-Jesús
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
| | - Mario Humberto Buenrostro-Jáuregui
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (M.E.C.-H.); (F.M.); (J.M.-L.); (L.M.R.-S.); (A.T.-d.-J.)
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8
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Liu H, Zhou J, Tian W, Luo C, Bartlett A, Aldridge A, Lucero J, Osteen JK, Nery JR, Chen H, Rivkin A, Castanon RG, Clock B, Li YE, Hou X, Poirion OB, Preissl S, Pinto-Duarte A, O'Connor C, Boggeman L, Fitzpatrick C, Nunn M, Mukamel EA, Zhang Z, Callaway EM, Ren B, Dixon JR, Behrens MM, Ecker JR. DNA methylation atlas of the mouse brain at single-cell resolution. Nature 2021; 598:120-128. [PMID: 34616061 PMCID: PMC8494641 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian brain cells show remarkable diversity in gene expression, anatomy and function, yet the regulatory DNA landscape underlying this extensive heterogeneity is poorly understood. Here we carry out a comprehensive assessment of the epigenomes of mouse brain cell types by applying single-nucleus DNA methylation sequencing1,2 to profile 103,982 nuclei (including 95,815 neurons and 8,167 non-neuronal cells) from 45 regions of the mouse cortex, hippocampus, striatum, pallidum and olfactory areas. We identified 161 cell clusters with distinct spatial locations and projection targets. We constructed taxonomies of these epigenetic types, annotated with signature genes, regulatory elements and transcription factors. These features indicate the potential regulatory landscape supporting the assignment of putative cell types and reveal repetitive usage of regulators in excitatory and inhibitory cells for determining subtypes. The DNA methylation landscape of excitatory neurons in the cortex and hippocampus varied continuously along spatial gradients. Using this deep dataset, we constructed an artificial neural network model that precisely predicts single neuron cell-type identity and brain area spatial location. Integration of high-resolution DNA methylomes with single-nucleus chromatin accessibility data3 enabled prediction of high-confidence enhancer-gene interactions for all identified cell types, which were subsequently validated by cell-type-specific chromatin conformation capture experiments4. By combining multi-omic datasets (DNA methylation, chromatin contacts, and open chromatin) from single nuclei and annotating the regulatory genome of hundreds of cell types in the mouse brain, our DNA methylation atlas establishes the epigenetic basis for neuronal diversity and spatial organization throughout the mouse cerebrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Liu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingtian Zhou
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Tian
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chongyuan Luo
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Aldridge
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacinta Lucero
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia K Osteen
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angeline Rivkin
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rosa G Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ben Clock
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yang Eric Li
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier B Poirion
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Pinto-Duarte
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn O'Connor
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lara Boggeman
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Conor Fitzpatrick
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Nunn
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eran A Mukamel
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhuzhu Zhang
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward M Callaway
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jesse R Dixon
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Margarita Behrens
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Zhang TR, Guilherme E, Kesici A, Ash AM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Snyder JS. Electroconvulsive Shock, but Not Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transiently Elevates Cell Proliferation in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus. Cells 2021; 10:2090. [PMID: 34440859 PMCID: PMC8391684 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal plasticity is hypothesized to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of depression and the antidepressant effect of medications. One form of plasticity that is unique to the hippocampus and is involved in depression-related behaviors in animal models is adult neurogenesis. While chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) strongly promotes neurogenesis, less is known about its acute effects and little is known about the neurogenic effects of other forms of stimulation therapy, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Here, we investigated the time course of acute ECS and rTMS effects on markers of cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Mice were subjected to a single session of ECS, 10 Hz rTMS (10-rTMS), or intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Mice in both TMS groups were injected with BrdU 2 days before stimulation to label immature cells. One, 3, or 7 days later, hippocampi were collected and immunostained for BrdU + cells, actively proliferating PCNA + cells, and immature DCX + neurons. Following ECS, mice displayed a transient increase in cell proliferation at 3 days post-stimulation. At 7 days post-stimulation there was an elevation in the number of proliferating neuronal precursor cells (PCNA + DCX +), specifically in the ventral hippocampus. iTBS and rTMS did not alter the number of BrdU + cells, proliferating cells, or immature neurons at any of the post-stimulation time points. Our results suggest that neurostimulation treatments exert different effects on hippocampal neurogenesis, where ECS may have greater neurogenic potential than iTBS and 10-rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Rui Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.R.Z.); (A.K.); (A.M.A.)
- Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Evelyn Guilherme
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlo 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Aydan Kesici
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.R.Z.); (A.K.); (A.M.A.)
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alyssa M. Ash
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.R.Z.); (A.K.); (A.M.A.)
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jason S. Snyder
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.R.Z.); (A.K.); (A.M.A.)
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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10
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Kim KR, Jeong HJ, Kim Y, Lee SY, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Cho H, Kang JS, Ho WK. Calbindin regulates Kv4.1 trafficking and excitability in dentate granule cells via CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1134-1147. [PMID: 34234278 PMCID: PMC8333054 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calbindin, a major Ca2+ buffer in dentate granule cells (GCs), plays a critical role in shaping Ca2+ signals, yet how it regulates neuronal function remains largely unknown. Here, we found that calbindin knockout (CBKO) mice exhibited dentate GC hyperexcitability and impaired pattern separation, which co-occurred with reduced K+ current due to downregulated surface expression of Kv4.1. Relatedly, manipulation of calbindin expression in HT22 cells led to changes in CaMKII activation and the level of surface localization of Kv4.1 through phosphorylation at serine 555, confirming the mechanism underlying neuronal hyperexcitability in CBKO mice. We also discovered that Ca2+ buffering capacity was significantly reduced in the GCs of Tg2576 mice to the level of CBKO GCs, and this reduction was restored to normal levels by antioxidants, suggesting that calbindin is a target of oxidative stress. Our data suggest that the regulation of CaMKII signaling by Ca2+ buffering is crucial for neuronal excitability regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science Inc, 110 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07793, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jeong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoonsub Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Suk-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyung Ho
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Zetter MA, Hernández VS, Roque A, Hernández-Pérez OR, Gómora MJ, Ruiz-Velasco S, Eiden LE, Zhang L. Microglial synaptic pruning on axon initial segment spines of dentate granule cells: Sexually dimorphic effects of early-life stress and consequences for adult fear response. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12969. [PMID: 33890333 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Axon initial segments (AIS) of dentate granule cells in the hippocampus exhibit prominent spines (AISS) during early development that are associated with microglial contacts. In the present study, we investigated whether developmental changes in AISS could be modified by early-life stress (ELS), specifically neonatal maternal separation (MS), through stress hormones and microglial activation and examined the potential behavioural consequences. We examined AISS at postnatal day (PND)5, 15 and 50, using Golgi-Cox staining and anatomical analysis. Neurone-microglial interaction was assessed using antibodies against ankyrin-G, PSD-95 and Iba1, for AIS, AISS and microglia visualisation, respectively, in normally reared and neonatal maternally separated male and female rats. We observed a higher density of AISS in ELS rats at both PND15 and PND50 compared to controls. Effects were more pronounced in females than males. AIS-associated microglia in ELS rats showed a hyper-ramified morphology and less co-localisation with PSD-95 compared to controls at PND15. ELS-associated alteration in microglial morphology and synaptic pruning was mimicked by treatment of acute hippocampal slices of normally reared rats with vasopressin. ELS rats exhibited increased freezing behaviour during auditory fear memory testing, which was more pronounced in female subjects and corresponded with increased Fos expression in dorsal and ventral dentate granule cells. Thus, microglial synaptic pruning in dentate AIS of hippocampus is influenced by ELS, with demonstrable sex bias regarding its anatomical characteristics and subsequent fear-induced defensive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Zetter
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vito S Hernández
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Roque
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar R Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María J Gómora
- Department of Embryology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Ruiz-Velasco
- Department of Probability and Statistics, Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lee E Eiden
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Effectively reducing the expression of certain aversive memories (fear or trauma memories) with extinction training is generally viewed to be therapeutically important. A deeper understanding of the biological basis for a more effective extinction process is also of high scientific importance. METHODS Our study involved intraventricular injection or local injection into the dorsal dentate gyrus of anti-neuregulin 1 antibodies (anti-NRG1) before fear extinction training, followed by testing the expression of fear memory 24 hours afterward or 9 days later. We used local injection of chemogenetic or optogenetic viruses into the dorsal dentate gyrus to manipulate the activity of the dorsal dentate gyrus and test the expression of fear memory. We also examined the effect of deep brain stimulation in the dorsal dentate gyrus on the expression of fear memory. RESULTS Mice that received intraventricular injection with anti-NRG1 antibodies exhibited lower expression of fear memory and increased density of activated excitatory neurons in the dorsal dentate gyrus. Injection of anti-NRG1 antibodies directly into the dorsal dentate gyrus also led to lower expression of fear memory and more activated neurons in the dorsal dentate gyrus. Inhibiting the activity of dorsal dentate gyrus excitatory neurons using an inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) eliminated the effects of the anti-NRG1 antibodies. Enhancing the activity of the dorsal dentate gyrus with an excitatory DREADD or optogenetic stimulation resulted in lower expression of fear memory in mice that did not receive infusion of anti-NRG1 antibodies. Deep brain stimulation in the dorsal dentate gyrus effectively suppressed expression of fear memory, both during and after fear extinction training. LIMITATIONS The mechanism for the contribution of the dorsal dentate gyrus to the expression of fear memory needs further exploration. CONCLUSION Activation of the dorsal dentate gyrus may play an important role in modulating the expression of fear memory; its potential use in fear memory extinction is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- From the Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China (Zhang, Wang, Zhou); the Precision Medicine Centre, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China (Ju); and the Pediatric Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China (Zhang, Liao)
| | - Zongliang Wang
- From the Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China (Zhang, Wang, Zhou); the Precision Medicine Centre, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China (Ju); and the Pediatric Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China (Zhang, Liao)
| | - Jun Ju
- From the Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China (Zhang, Wang, Zhou); the Precision Medicine Centre, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China (Ju); and the Pediatric Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China (Zhang, Liao)
| | - Jianxiang Liao
- From the Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China (Zhang, Wang, Zhou); the Precision Medicine Centre, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China (Ju); and the Pediatric Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China (Zhang, Liao)
| | - Qiang Zhou
- From the Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China (Zhang, Wang, Zhou); the Precision Medicine Centre, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China (Ju); and the Pediatric Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China (Zhang, Liao)
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13
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Cheng J, Scala F, Blanco FA, Niu S, Firozi K, Keehan L, Mulherkar S, Froudarakis E, Li L, Duman JG, Jiang X, Tolias KF. The Rac-GEF Tiam1 Promotes Dendrite and Synapse Stabilization of Dentate Granule Cells and Restricts Hippocampal-Dependent Memory Functions. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1191-1206. [PMID: 33328293 PMCID: PMC7888217 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3271-17.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) controls information flow into the hippocampus and is critical for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial coding, while DG dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating DG neural circuit assembly and function remain unclear. Here, we identify the Rac-GEF Tiam1 as an important regulator of DG development and associated memory processes. In the hippocampus, Tiam1 is predominantly expressed in the DG throughout life. Global deletion of Tiam1 in male mice results in DG granule cells with simplified dendritic arbors, reduced dendritic spine density, and diminished excitatory synaptic transmission. Notably, DG granule cell dendrites and synapses develop normally in Tiam1 KO mice, resembling WT mice at postnatal day 21 (P21), but fail to stabilize, leading to dendrite and synapse loss by P42. These results indicate that Tiam1 promotes DG granule cell dendrite and synapse stabilization late in development. Tiam1 loss also increases the survival, but not the production, of adult-born DG granule cells, possibly because of greater circuit integration as a result of decreased competition with mature granule cells for synaptic inputs. Strikingly, both male and female mice lacking Tiam1 exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. Together, these results suggest that Tiam1 is a key regulator of DG granule cell stabilization and function within hippocampal circuits. Moreover, based on the enhanced memory phenotype of Tiam1 KO mice, Tiam1 may be a potential target for the treatment of disorders involving memory impairments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dentate gyrus (DG) is important for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial navigation, and its dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling DG formation and function remain elusive. By characterizing mice lacking the Rac-GEF Tiam1, we demonstrate that Tiam1 promotes the stabilization of DG granule cell dendritic arbors, spines, and synapses, whereas it restricts the survival of adult-born DG granule cells, which compete with mature granule cells for synaptic integration. Notably, mice lacking Tiam1 also exhibit enhanced contextual fear memory and context discrimination. These findings establish Tiam1 as an essential regulator of DG granule cell development, and identify it as a possible therapeutic target for memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Cheng
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Federico Scala
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Francisco A Blanco
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sanyong Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Karen Firozi
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Laura Keehan
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Shalaka Mulherkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Lingyong Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Joseph G Duman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kimberley F Tolias
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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14
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Houser CR, Peng Z, Wei X, Huang CS, Mody I. Mossy Cells in the Dorsal and Ventral Dentate Gyrus Differ in Their Patterns of Axonal Projections. J Neurosci 2021; 41:991-1004. [PMID: 33268544 PMCID: PMC7880284 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2455-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mossy cells (MCs) of the dentate gyrus (DG) are a major group of excitatory hilar neurons that are important for regulating activity of dentate granule cells. MCs are particularly intriguing because of their extensive longitudinal connections within the DG. It has generally been assumed that MCs in the dorsal and ventral DG have similar patterns of termination in the inner one-third of the dentate molecular layer. Here, we demonstrate that axonal projections of MCs in these two regions are considerably different. MCs in dorsal and ventral regions were labeled selectively with Cre-dependent eYFP or mCherry, using two transgenic mouse lines (including both sexes) that express Cre-recombinase in MCs. At four to six weeks following unilateral labeling of MCs in the ventral DG, a dense band of fibers was present in the inner one-fourth of the molecular layer and extended bilaterally throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the DG, replicating the expected distribution of MC axons. In contrast, following labeling of MCs in the dorsal DG, the projections were more diffusely distributed. At the level of transfection, fibers were present in the inner molecular layer, but they progressively expanded into the middle molecular layer and, most ventrally, formed a distinct band in this region. Optical stimulation of these caudal fibers expressing ChR2 demonstrated robust EPSCs in ipsilateral granule cells and enhanced the effects of perforant path stimulation in the ventral DG. These findings suggest that MCs in the dorsal and ventral DG differ in the distribution of their axonal projections and possibly their function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mossy cells (MCs), a major cell type in the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG), are unique in providing extensive longitudinal and commissural projections throughout the DG. Although it has been assumed that all MCs have similar patterns of termination in the inner molecular layer of the DG, we discovered that the axonal projections of dorsal and ventral MCs differ. While ventral MC projections exhibit the classical pattern, with dense innervation in the inner molecular layer, dorsal MCs have a more diffuse distribution and expand into the middle molecular layer where they overlap and interact with innervation from the perforant path. These distinct locations and patterns of axonal projections suggest that dorsal and ventral MCs may have different functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Houser
- Department of Neurobiology
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | | | | | - Istvan Mody
- Department of Neurology
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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15
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Irfannuddin I, Sarahdeaz SFP, Murti K, Santoso B, Koibuchi N. The effect of ketogenic diets on neurogenesis and apoptosis in the dentate gyrus of the male rat hippocampus. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:3. [PMID: 33461486 PMCID: PMC10718031 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KD) have become popular diet to lose weight. However, the effect of such diets on brain function has not yet been clarified. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of KD on the neurogenesis and apoptosis in the dentate gyrus by assessing the expression of Ki-67 and Caspase-3. Rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups: control (normal diet), ketogenic diet (KD), time-restricted diet (TRD), and the combination of high-fat and time-restricted diet (CD) groups. The expression of Ki-67 in the TRD and CD groups was higher compared to others (P < 0.05), whereas no such difference was observed in the KD group. The number of Capase-3-positive cells decreased significantly in the TRD group (P < 0.05), but such decrease was not observed in the CD group. These results indicate that, although KD could be effective in reducing the body weight, possible adverse effect in the brain cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfannuddin Irfannuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Gedung FK Unsri, Jalan Dr. M. Ali Komplek RSMH, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia.
| | - Siti Fazzaura Putri Sarahdeaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Gedung FK Unsri, Jalan Dr. M. Ali Komplek RSMH, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia
| | - Krisna Murti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Gedung FK Unsri, Jalan Dr. M. Ali Komplek RSMH, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia
| | - Budi Santoso
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Gedung FK Unsri, Jalan Dr. M. Ali Komplek RSMH, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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16
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Zhang X, Mei Y, He Y, Wang D, Wang J, Wei X, Yang E, Zhou D, Shen H, Peng G, Shu Q, Li X, Luo B, Zhou Y, Sun B. Ablating Adult Neural Stem Cells Improves Synaptic and Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer Models. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:89-105. [PMID: 33382977 PMCID: PMC7897582 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is impaired in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as AD models. However, it is far from clear how modulating adult neurogenesis affects AD neuropathology. We confirm that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in two AD models. Surprisingly, however, cognitive functions are improved in AD models after ablating adult neural stem cells (aNSCs). Ablation of aNSCs does not affect the levels of amyloid β but restores the normal synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells of AD models. Furthermore, calbindin depletion in the DG of AD mice is ameliorated after aNSC ablation, and knocking down calbindin abolishes the effects of aNSC ablation on synaptic and cognitive functions of AD mice. Together, our data suggest that cognitive functions of AD mice are improved after aNSC ablation, which is associated with the restoration of synaptic transmission in the DG granule cells with calbindin as an important mediator. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was impaired in two AD models Cognitive functions were improved in AD models after ablation of aNSCs Ablating aNSCs restored the normal synaptic transmission in the DG granule cells of AD models Altered expression of calbindin mediated the effects of ablating aNSCs on synaptic and cognitive functions in AD mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China
| | - Yufei Mei
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Dongpi Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Enlu Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052, China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052, China
| | - Xuekun Li
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310029, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yudong Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
| | - Binggui Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
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17
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Billwiller F, Castillo L, Elseedy H, Ivanov AI, Scapula J, Ghestem A, Carponcy J, Libourel PA, Bras H, Abdelmeguid NE, Krook-Magnuson E, Soltesz I, Bernard C, Luppi PH, Esclapez M. GABA-glutamate supramammillary neurons control theta and gamma oscillations in the dentate gyrus during paradoxical (REM) sleep. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2643-2668. [PMID: 32970253 PMCID: PMC7674372 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that neurons from the lateral region of the SuM (SuML) innervating the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) display a dual GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission and are specifically activated during paradoxical (REM) sleep (PS). The objective of the present study is to characterize the anatomical, neurochemical and electrophysiological properties of the SuML-DG projection neurons and to determine how they control DG oscillations and neuronal activation during PS and other vigilance states. For this purpose, we combine structural connectivity techniques using neurotropic viral vectors (rabies virus, AAV), neurochemical anatomy (immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization) and imaging (light, electron and confocal microscopy) with in vitro (patch clamp) and in vivo (LFP, EEG) optogenetic and electrophysiological recordings performed in transgenic VGLUT2-cre male mice. At the cellular level, we show that the SuML-DG neurons co-release GABA and glutamate on dentate granule cells and increase the activity of a subset of DG granule cells. At the network level, we show that activation of the SuML-DG pathway increases theta power and frequency during PS as well as gamma power during PS and waking in the DG. At the behavioral level, we show that the activation of this pathway does not change animal behavior during PS, induces awakening during slow wave sleep and increases motor activity during waking. These results suggest that the SuML-DG pathway is capable of supporting the increase of theta and gamma power in the DG observed during PS and plays an important modulatory role of DG network activity during this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Billwiller
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Laura Castillo
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Heba Elseedy
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Anton Ivanovich Ivanov
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jennyfer Scapula
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Ghestem
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Carponcy
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Paul Antoine Libourel
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Hélène Bras
- CNRS, INT, Institut de Neurosciences Timone, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Christophe Bernard
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Monique Esclapez
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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18
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Zhang X, Schlögl A, Jonas P. Selective Routing of Spatial Information Flow from Input to Output in Hippocampal Granule Cells. Neuron 2020; 107:1212-1225.e7. [PMID: 32763145 PMCID: PMC7523402 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs) connect the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampal CA3 region, but how they process spatial information remains enigmatic. To examine the role of GCs in spatial coding, we measured excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potentials (APs) in head-fixed mice running on a linear belt. Intracellular recording from morphologically identified GCs revealed that most cells were active, but activity level varied over a wide range. Whereas only ∼5% of GCs showed spatially tuned spiking, ∼50% received spatially tuned input. Thus, the GC population broadly encodes spatial information, but only a subset relays this information to the CA3 network. Fourier analysis indicated that GCs received conjunctive place-grid-like synaptic input, suggesting code conversion in single neurons. GC firing was correlated with dendritic complexity and intrinsic excitability, but not extrinsic excitatory input or dendritic cable properties. Thus, functional maturation may control input-output transformation and spatial code conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Cellular Neuroscience, IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alois Schlögl
- Cellular Neuroscience, IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter Jonas
- Cellular Neuroscience, IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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19
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Li Q, Xiao H, Shao Y, Chang X, Zhang Y, Zhou Z. Paraquat increases Interleukin-1β in hippocampal dentate gyrus to impair hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 200:110733. [PMID: 32450442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridium dichloride, PQ), a non-selective and efficient herbicide, causes neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and memory dysfunction. However, adverse effects of PQ on the neuroimmune interactions have rarely been investigated. Female adult C57/BL6 mice were divided into 3 groups and treated with PQ (intraperitoneal injection, 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) or the vehicle (an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline) every two days, at day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, for a total of 14 doses. We evaluated blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and PQ concentrations during the course of PQ exposure and tested interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations in dentate gyrus (DG) after 28 days PQ exposure. In addition, memory function, neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation, neurogenesis and microglia polarization were analyzed after PQ exposure. Furthermore, mice were intraperitoneal injections of anti-IL-1β during 5 mg/kg PQ exposure to test the rule of IL-1β. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and PQ concentrations increased gradually during PQ exposure (n = 6). Moreover, memory function, NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis were impaired after 5 mg/kg PQ exposure (n = 6). Further analyses revealed that 'classically' activated (M1) microglia and IL-1β concentrations in DG were increased after 5 mg/kg PQ treatment (n = 6). Moreover, we found that neutralization of IL-1β partly restored PQ-induced NSCs impairments and memory dysfunction (n = 6). In conclusion, our results revealed that PQ induced NSCs impairments and memory dysfunction in adult mice, which was related to the release of IL-1β by M1-polarized microglia in DG. These findings may help understand the neurotoxic effect of PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongxi Xiao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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20
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Abstract
New neurons are generated in adult mammals. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is considered to play an important role in cognition and mental health. The number and properties of newly born neurons are regulatable by a broad range of physiological and pathological conditions. To begin to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms and functional relevance of adult neurogenesis, many studies rely on quantification of adult-born neurons. However, lack of standardized methods to quantify new neurons is impeding research reproducibility across laboratories. Here, we review the importance of stereology, and propose why and how it should be applied to the study of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center and University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Brain Institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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21
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You JC, Muralidharan K, Fu CH, Park J, Tosi U, Zhang X, Chin J. Distinct patterns of dentate gyrus cell activation distinguish physiologic from aberrant stimuli. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232241. [PMID: 32407421 PMCID: PMC7224541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiologic conditions, the dentate gyrus (DG) exhibits exceptionally low levels of activity compared to other brain regions. A sparse activation pattern is observed even when the DG is engaged to process new information; for example, only ~1–3% of neurons in the DG granule cell layer (GCL) are activated after placing animals in a novel, enriched environment. Moreover, such physiologic stimulation of GCL neurons recruits young granule cells more readily than older cells. This sparse pattern of cell activation has largely been attributed to intrinsic circuit properties of the DG, such as reduced threshold for activation in younger cells, and increased inhibition onto older cells. Given these intrinsic properties, we asked whether such activation of young granule cells was unique to physiologic stimulation, or could be elicited by general pharmacological activation of the hippocampus. We found that administration of kainic acid (KA) at a low dose (5 mg/kg) to wildtype C57BL/6 mice activated a similarly sparse number of cells in the GCL as physiologic DG stimulation by exposure to a novel, enriched environment. However, unlike physiologic stimulation, 5 mg/kg KA activated primarily old granule cells as well as GABAergic interneurons. This finding indicates that intrinsic circuit properties of the DG alone may not be sufficient to support the engagement of young granule cells, and suggest that other factors such as the specificity of the pattern of inputs, may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. You
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kavitha Muralidharan
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chia-Hsuan Fu
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jin Park
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Umberto Tosi
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeannie Chin
- Department of Neuroscience and Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Memory & Brain Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Yang CH, Di Antonio A, Kirschen GW, Varma P, Hsieh J, Ge S. Circuit Integration Initiation of New Hippocampal Neurons in the Adult Brain. Cell Rep 2020; 30:959-968.e3. [PMID: 31995766 PMCID: PMC7011119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, new dentate granule cells integrate into neural circuits and participate in hippocampal functioning. However, when and how they initiate this integration remain poorly understood. Using retroviral and live-imaging methods, we find that new neurons undergo neurite remodeling for competitive horizontal-to-radial repositioning in the dentate gyrus prior to circuit integration. Gene expression profiling, lipidomics analysis, and molecular interrogation of new neurons during this period reveal a rapid activation of sphingolipid signaling mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. Genetic manipulation of this G protein-coupled receptor reveals its requirement for successful repositioning of new neurons. This receptor is also activated by hippocampus-engaged behaviors, which enhances repositioning efficiency. These findings reveal that activity-dependent sphingolipid signaling regulates cellular repositioning of new dentate granule cells. The competitive horizontal-to-radial repositioning of new neurons may provide a gating strategy in the adult brain to limit the integration of new neurons into pre-existing circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Adrian Di Antonio
- Program in Neuroscience, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Science Training Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Parul Varma
- Department of Biology and Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jenny Hsieh
- Department of Biology and Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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23
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Namba T, Shinohara H, Seki T. Non-radial tortuous migration with cell polarity alterations of newly generated granule neurons in the neonatal rat dentate gyrus. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3247-3262. [PMID: 31659443 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To establish functional neuronal circuits, newborn neurons generally migrate from the ventricular germinal zones to their final positions during embryonic periods. However, most excitatory neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus are born postnatally in the hilus, far from the lateral ventricle. Newly generated granule neurons must then migrate to the surrounding granule cell layer (GCL), which suggests that newborn granule cells may migrate by unique cellular mechanisms. In the present study, we describe the migratory behaviors of postnatally generated granule neurons using combined retroviral labeling and time-lapse imaging analysis. Our results show that whereas half of the newly generated neurons undergo radial migration, the remainder engages in more complex migratory patterns with veering and turning movements accompanied by process formation and cell polarity alterations. These data reveal a previously unappreciated diversity of mechanisms by which granule neurons distribute throughout the GCL to contribute to hippocampal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Namba
- Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hiroshi Shinohara
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8421, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Seki
- Department of Anatomy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8421, Japan.
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24
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Dong J, Pan YB, Wu XR, He LN, Liu XD, Feng DF, Xu TL, Sun S, Xu NJ. A neuronal molecular switch through cell-cell contact that regulates quiescent neural stem cells. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav4416. [PMID: 30820459 PMCID: PMC6392779 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The quiescence of radial neural stem cells (rNSCs) in adult brain is regulated by environmental stimuli. However, little is known about how the neurogenic niche couples the external signal to regulate activation and transition of quiescent rNSCs. Here, we reveal that long-term excitation of hippocampal dentate granule cells (GCs) upon voluntary running leads to activation of adult rNSCs in the subgranular zone and thereby generation of newborn neurons. Unexpectedly, the role of these excited GC neurons in NSCs depends on direct GC-rNSC interaction in the local niche, which is through down-regulated ephrin-B3, a GC membrane-bound ligand, and attenuated transcellular EphB2 kinase-dependent signaling in the adjacent rNSCs. Furthermore, constitutively active EphB2 kinase sustains the quiescence of rNSCs during running. These findings thus elucidate the physiological significance of GC excitability on adult rNSCs under external environments and indicate a key-lock switch regulation via cell-cell contact for functional transition of rNSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin-Rong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Na He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xian-Dong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dong-Fu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Suya Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Nan-Jie Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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25
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Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Olvera-Hernández S, Vega-Rivera NM, Ortiz-López L. Melatonin Influences Structural Plasticity in the Axons of Granule Cells in the Dentate Gyrus of Balb/C Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010073. [PMID: 30585191 PMCID: PMC6337618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, the main product synthesized by the pineal gland, acts as a regulator of the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG). Newborn neurons buffer the deleterious effects of stress and are involved in learning and memory processes. Furthermore, melatonin, through the regulation of the cytoskeleton, favors dendrite maturation of newborn neurons. Moreover, newborn neurons send their axons via the mossy fiber tract to Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) region to form synapses with pyramidal neurons. Thus, axons of newborn cells contribute to the mossy fiber projection and their plasticity correlates with better performance in several behavioral tasks. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the impact of exogenous melatonin (8 mg/kg) administered daily for one- or six-months on the structural plasticity of infrapyramidal- and suprapyramidal mossy fiber projection of granule cells in the DG in male Balb/C mice. We analyzed the mossy fiber projection through the staining of calbindin, that is a calcium-binding protein localized in dendrites and axons. We first found an increase in the number of calbindin-positive cells in the granular cell layer in the DG (11%, 33%) after treatment. Futhermore, we found an increase in the volume of suprapyramidal (>135%, 59%) and infrapyramidal (>128%, 36%) mossy fiber projection of granule neurons in the DG after treatment. We also found an increase in the volume of CA3 region (>146%, 33%) after treatment, suggesting that melatonin modulates the structural plasticity of the mossy fiber projection to establish functional synapses in the hippocampus. Together, the data suggest that, in addition to the previously reported effects of melatonin on the generation of new neurons and its antidepressant like effects, melatonin also modulates the structural plasticity of axons in granule cells in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Bernabé Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurogenesis, Subidrección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México City C.P. 14370, México.
| | - Sandra Olvera-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurogenesis, Subidrección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México City C.P. 14370, México.
| | - Nelly Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México City C.P. 14370, México.
| | - Leonardo Ortiz-López
- Laboratorio de Neurogenesis, Subidrección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México City C.P. 14370, México.
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26
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Trattnig C, Üçal M, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Bucko A, Zefferer U, Grünbacher G, Absenger-Novak M, Öhlinger KA, Kraitsy K, Hamberger D, Schaefer U, Patz S. MicroRNA-451a overexpression induces accelerated neuronal differentiation of Ntera2/D1 cells and ablation affects neurogenesis in microRNA-451a-/- mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207575. [PMID: 30462722 PMCID: PMC6248975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-451a is best known for its role in erythropoiesis and for its tumour suppressor features. Here we show a role for miR-451a in neuronal differentiation through analysis of endogenous and ectopically expressed or silenced miR-451a in Ntera2/D1 cells during neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, we compared neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus of miR-451a-/- and wild type mice. MiR-451a overexpression in lentiviral transduced Ntera2/D1 cells was associated with a significant shifting of mRNA expression of the developmental markers Nestin, βIII Tubulin, NF200, DCX and MAP2 to earlier developmental time points, compared to control vector transduced cells. In line with this, accelerated neuronal network formation in AB.G.miR-451a transduced cells, as well as an increase in neurite outgrowth both in number and length was observed. MiR-451a targets genes MIF, AKT1, CAB39, YWHAZ, RAB14, TSC1, OSR1, POU3F2, TNS4, PSMB8, CXCL16, CDKN2D and IL6R were, moreover, either constantly downregulated or exhibited shifted expression profiles in AB.G.miR-451a transduced cells. Lentiviral knockdown of endogenous miR-451a expression in Ntera2/D1 cells resulted in decelerated differentiation. Endogenous miR-451a expression was upregulated during development in the hippocampus of wildtype mice. In situ hybridization revealed intensively stained single cells in the subgranular zone and the hilus of the dentate gyrus of wild type mice, while genetic ablation of miR-451a was observed to promote an imbalance between proliferation and neuronal differentiation in neurogenic brain regions, suggested by Ki67 and DCX staining. Taken together, these results provide strong support for a role of miR-451a in neuronal maturation processes in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Trattnig
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Muammer Üçal
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Angela Bucko
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Zefferer
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerda Grünbacher
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Klaus Kraitsy
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Hamberger
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ute Schaefer
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Silke Patz
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, Austria
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Abstract
Motivation Fluorescence localization microscopy is extensively used to study the details of
spatial architecture of subcellular compartments. This modality relies on determination
of spatial positions of fluorophores, labeling an extended biological structure, with
precision exceeding the diffraction limit. Several established models describe influence
of pixel size, signal-to-noise ratio and optical resolution on the localization
precision. The labeling density has been also recognized as important factor affecting
reconstruction fidelity of the imaged biological structure. However, quantitative data
on combined influence of sampling and localization errors on the fidelity of
reconstruction are scarce. It should be noted that processing localization microscopy
data is similar to reconstruction of a continuous (extended) non-periodic signal from a
non-uniform, noisy point samples. In two dimensions the problem may be formulated within
the framework of matrix completion. However, no systematic approach has been adopted in
microscopy, where images are typically rendered by representing localized molecules with
Gaussian distributions (widths determined by localization precision). Results We analyze the process of two-dimensional reconstruction of extended biological
structures as a function of the density of registered emitters, localization precision
and the area occupied by the rendered localized molecule. We quantify overall
reconstruction fidelity with different established image similarity measures.
Furthermore, we analyze the recovered similarity measure in the frequency space for
different reconstruction protocols. We compare the cut-off frequency to the limiting
sampling frequency, as determined by labeling density. Availability and implementation The source code used in the simulations along with test images is available at
https://github.com/blazi13/qbioimages. Supplementary information Supplementary data are
available at Bioinformatics online.
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Saito H, Kato R, Hashimoto T, Uchida Y, Hase T, Tsuruga K, Takita K, Morimoto Y. Influence of nitrous oxide on granule cell migration in the dentate gyrus of the neonatal rat. Biomed Res 2018; 39:39-45. [PMID: 29467350 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.39.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, the neurotoxicities of anesthetics to the developing brain have been reported by many researchers focusing on various phenomena such as apoptosis, neurodegeneration, electrophysiological aberrations, and behavioral abnormalities. According to these reports, signals via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA-r) and/or γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA-r) are implicated in the anesthetic neurotoxicity. On the other hand, during brain development, NMDA-r and GABAA-r are also recognized to play primary roles in neural cell migration. Therefore, anesthetics exposed in this period may influence the neural cell migration of neonates, and increase the number of hilar ectopic granule cells, which are reported to be a cause of continuous neurological deficits. To examine this hypothesis, we investigated immunohistochemically granule cell distribution in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of Wistar/ST rats after nitrous oxide (N2O) exposure. At postnatal day (P) 6, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered to label newly generated cells. Then, rats were divided into groups (n = 6 each group), exposed to 50% N2O at P7, and evaluated at P21. As a result, we found that ectopic ratios (ratio of hilar/total granule cells generated at P6) were decreased in rats at P21 compared with those at P7, and increased in N2O exposed rats for over 120 min compared with the other groups. These results suggest that 50% N2O exposure for over 120 min increases the ratios of ectopic granule cells in the rat dentate gyrus.
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Abstract
Electrical high-frequency stimulation (HFS), using implanted electrodes targeting various brain regions, has been proven as an effective treatment for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. HFS in the deep region of the brain, also named deep-brain stimulation (DBS), is becoming increasingly important in clinical trials. Recent progress in the field of high-frequency DBS (HF-DBS) surgery has begun to spread the possibility of utilizing this invasive technique to other situations, such as treatment for major depression disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and so on. Despite these expanding indications, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of HF-DBS remain enigmatic. To address this question, one approach is to use implanted electrodes that sparsely activate distributed subpopulations of neurons by HFS. It has been reported that HFS in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus could be used for the treatment of refractory epilepsy in the clinic. The underlying mechanisms might be related to the increased neurogenesis and altered neuronal activity. Therefore, we are interested in exploring the physiological alterations by the detection of neuronal activity as well as neurogenesis in the mouse dentate gyrus (DG) before and after HFS treatment. In this manuscript, we describe methodologies for HFS to target the activation of the DG in mice, directly or indirectly and in an acute or chronic manner. In addition, we describe a detailed protocol for the preparation of brain slices for c-fos and Notch1 immunofluorescent staining to monitor the neuronal activity and signaling activation and for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to determine the neurogenesis after the HF-DBS induction. The activation of the neuronal activity and neurogenesis after the HF-DBS treatment provides direct neurobiological evidence and potential therapeutic benefits. Particularly, this methodology can be modified and applied to target other interested brain regions such as the basal ganglia and subthalamic regions for specific brain disorders in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University;
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Swift-Gallant A, Duarte-Guterman P, Hamson DK, Ibrahim M, Monks DA, Galea LAM. Neural androgen receptors affect the number of surviving new neurones in the adult dentate gyrus of male mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12578. [PMID: 29411916 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in many mammalian species. In rats, the survival of new neurones within the hippocampus is modulated by the action of androgen via the androgen receptor (AR); however, it is not known whether this holds true in mice. Furthermore, the evidence is mixed regarding whether androgens act in neural tissue or via peripheral non-neural targets to promote new neurone survival in the hippocampus. We evaluated whether the action of androgen via AR underlies the survival of new neurones in mice, and investigated whether increasing AR selectively in neural tissue would increase new neurone survival in the hippocampus. We used the cre-loxP system to overexpress AR only in neural tissues (Nestin-AR). These males were compared with wild-type males, as well as control males with 1 of the 2 mutations required for overexpression. Mice were gonadectomised and injected with the DNA synthesis marker, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and for 37 days (following BrdU injection), mice were treated with oil or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Using immunohistochemistry, proliferation (Ki67) and survival (BrdU) of new neurones were both evaluated in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus. Dihydrotestosterone treatment increased the survival of new neurones in the entire hippocampus in wild-type mice and control mice that only have 1 of 2 necessary mutations for transgenic expression. However, DHT treatment did not increase the survival of new neurones in mice that overexpressed AR in neural tissue. Cell proliferation (Ki67) and cell death (pyknotic cells) were not affected by DHT treatment in wild-type or transgenic males. These results suggest that androgens act via neural AR to affect hippocampal neurogenesis by promoting cell survival; however, the relationship between androgen dose and new neurone survival is nonlinear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Swift-Gallant
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - P Duarte-Guterman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D K Hamson
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Ibrahim
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D A Monks
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L A M Galea
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Pfeiffer V, Götz R, Camarero G, Heinsen H, Blum R, Rapp UR. Impaired neuronal maturation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells in mice lacking CRAF. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192067. [PMID: 29590115 PMCID: PMC5873938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RAF kinases are major constituents of the mitogen activated signaling pathway, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and cell survival of many cell types, including neurons. In mammals, the family of RAF proteins consists of three members, ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF. Ablation of CRAF kinase in inbred mouse strains causes major developmental defects during fetal growth and embryonic or perinatal lethality. Heterozygous germline mutations in CRAF result in Noonan syndrome, which is characterized by neurocognitive impairment that may involve hippocampal physiology. The role of CRAF signaling during hippocampal development and generation of new postnatal hippocampal granule neurons has not been examined and may provide novel insight into the cause of hippocampal dysfunction in Noonan syndrome. In this study, by crossing CRAF-deficiency to CD-1 outbred mice, a CRAF mouse model was established which enabled us to investigate the interplay of neural progenitor proliferation and postmitotic differentiation during adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Albeit the general morphology of the hippocampus was unchanged, CRAF-deficient mice displayed smaller granule cell layer (GCL) volume at postnatal day 30 (P30). In CRAF-deficient mice a substantial number of abnormal, chromophilic, fast dividing cells were found in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG), indicating that CRAF signaling contributes to hippocampal neural progenitor proliferation. CRAF-deficient neural progenitor cells showed an increased cell death rate and reduced neuronal maturation. These results indicate that CRAF function affects postmitotic neural cell differentiation and points to a critical role of CRAF-dependent growth factor signaling pathway in the postmitotic development of adult-born neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pfeiffer
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Koellikerstraße 6, Würzburg, Germany
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), Versbacher Strasse 5, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Rudolf Götz
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), Versbacher Strasse 5, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 5, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guadelupe Camarero
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), Versbacher Strasse 5, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- University of Würzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Margarethe-Höppel-Platz 1, Würzburg, Germany
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Pathology—LIM 44 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 5, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Rüdiger Rapp
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ), Versbacher Strasse 5, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstr.1, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Sorrells SF, Paredes MF, Cebrian-Silla A, Sandoval K, Qi D, Kelley KW, James D, Mayer S, Chang J, Auguste KI, Chang E, Gutierrez Martin AJ, Kriegstein AR, Mathern GW, Oldham MC, Huang EJ, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Yang Z, Alvarez-Buylla A. Human hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adults. Nature 2018; 555:377-381. [PMID: 29513649 PMCID: PMC6179355 DOI: 10.1038/nature25975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 864] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New neurons continue to be generated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the adult mammalian hippocampus. This process has been linked to learning and memory, stress and exercise, and is thought to be altered in neurological disease. In humans, some studies have suggested that hundreds of new neurons are added to the adult dentate gyrus every day, whereas other studies find many fewer putative new neurons. Despite these discrepancies, it is generally believed that the adult human hippocampus continues to generate new neurons. Here we show that a defined population of progenitor cells does not coalesce in the subgranular zone during human fetal or postnatal development. We also find that the number of proliferating progenitors and young neurons in the dentate gyrus declines sharply during the first year of life and only a few isolated young neurons are observed by 7 and 13 years of age. In adult patients with epilepsy and healthy adults (18-77 years; n = 17 post-mortem samples from controls; n = 12 surgical resection samples from patients with epilepsy), young neurons were not detected in the dentate gyrus. In the monkey (Macaca mulatta) hippocampus, proliferation of neurons in the subgranular zone was found in early postnatal life, but this diminished during juvenile development as neurogenesis decreased. We conclude that recruitment of young neurons to the primate hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus does not continue, or is extremely rare, in adult humans. The early decline in hippocampal neurogenesis raises questions about how the function of the dentate gyrus differs between humans and other species in which adult hippocampal neurogenesis is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn F. Sorrells
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Mercedes F. Paredes
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Arantxa Cebrian-Silla
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada. Instituto Cavanilles. Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Kadellyn Sandoval
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Dashi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. 200032 China
| | - Kevin W. Kelley
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - David James
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Simone Mayer
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Julia Chang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Kurtis I. Auguste
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Edward Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | | | - Arnold R. Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Gary W. Mathern
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry & BioBehavioral Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Michael C. Oldham
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Eric J. Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada. Instituto Cavanilles. Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. 200032 China
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Sasaki T, Piatti VC, Hwaun E, Ahmadi S, Lisman JE, Leutgeb S, Leutgeb JK. Dentate network activity is necessary for spatial working memory by supporting CA3 sharp-wave ripple generation and prospective firing of CA3 neurons. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:258-269. [PMID: 29335604 PMCID: PMC5800997 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Complex spatial working memory tasks have been shown to require both hippocampal sharp-wave ripple (SWR) activity and dentate gyrus (DG) neuronal activity. We therefore asked whether DG inputs to CA3 contribute to spatial working memory by promoting SWR generation. Recordings from DG and CA3 while rats performed a dentate-dependent working memory task on an eight-arm radial maze revealed that the activity of dentate neurons and the incidence rate of SWRs both increased during reward consumption. We then found reduced reward-related CA3 SWR generation without direct input from dentate granule neurons. Furthermore, CA3 cells with place fields in not-yet-visited arms preferentially fired during SWRs at reward locations, and these prospective CA3 firing patterns were more pronounced for correct trials and were dentate-dependent. These results indicate that coordination of CA3 neuronal activity patterns by DG is necessary for the generation of neuronal firing patterns that support goal-directed behavior and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sasaki
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Verónica C Piatti
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ernie Hwaun
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Siavash Ahmadi
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John E Lisman
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Leutgeb
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jill K Leutgeb
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Zhang M, Jadavji NM, Yoo HS, Smith PD. Recombinant growth differentiation factor 11 influences short-term memory and enhances Sox2 expression in middle-aged mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 341:45-49. [PMID: 29253511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that a significant decline in cognitive ability begins during middle-age and continues to deteriorate with increase in age. Recent work has demonstrated the potential rejuvenation impact of growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF-11) in aged mice. We carried out experiments to evaluate the impact of a single dose of recombinant (rGDF-11) on short-term visual and spatial memory in middle-aged male mice. On the novel object recognition task, we observed middle-aged mice treated rGDF-11 showed improved performance on the novel object recognition task. However, middle-aged mice did not show increased expression of phosphorylated-Smad2/3, a downstream effector of GDF-11. We noted however that the expression of the transcription factor, Sox2 was increased within the dentate gyrus. Our data suggest that a single injection of rGDF-11 contributes to improvements in cognitive function of middle-aged animals, which may be critical in the preservation of short-term memory capacity in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada.
| | - Nafisa M Jadavji
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada.
| | - Hyung-Suk Yoo
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada.
| | - Patrice D Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada.
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Tritschler L, Kheirbek MA, Dantec YL, Mendez-David I, Guilloux JP, Faye C, Doan J, Pham TH, Hen R, David DJ, Gardier AM. Optogenetic activation of granule cells in the dorsal dentate gyrus enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission in the Nucleus Accumbens. Neurosci Res 2017; 134:56-60. [PMID: 29246683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) has distinct roles along its dorso-ventral axis. In the mouse, we recently demonstrated that dorsal DG (dDG) stimulation enhances exploratory behavior (Kheirbek et al., 2013). Dopamine (DA) release in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc), which belongs to the reward system, could be a key target of dDG mediating this motivation-related behavior. Here, an optogenetic stimulation of either ventral (vDG) or dDG granule cells was coupled with NAcc DA release monitoring using in vivo microdialysis. Only dDG stimulation enhanced NAcc DA release, indicating differential interconnections between dDG and vDG to the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Tritschler
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France.
| | - Mazen A Kheirbek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yannick Le Dantec
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Indira Mendez-David
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Guilloux
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Charlène Faye
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Julie Doan
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Thu Ha Pham
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis J David
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Alain M Gardier
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
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Beining M, Mongiat LA, Schwarzacher SW, Cuntz H, Jedlicka P. T2N as a new tool for robust electrophysiological modeling demonstrated for mature and adult-born dentate granule cells. eLife 2017; 6:e26517. [PMID: 29165247 PMCID: PMC5737656 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compartmental models are the theoretical tool of choice for understanding single neuron computations. However, many models are incomplete, built ad hoc and require tuning for each novel condition rendering them of limited usability. Here, we present T2N, a powerful interface to control NEURON with Matlab and TREES toolbox, which supports generating models stable over a broad range of reconstructed and synthetic morphologies. We illustrate this for a novel, highly detailed active model of dentate granule cells (GCs) replicating a wide palette of experiments from various labs. By implementing known differences in ion channel composition and morphology, our model reproduces data from mouse or rat, mature or adult-born GCs as well as pharmacological interventions and epileptic conditions. This work sets a new benchmark for detailed compartmental modeling. T2N is suitable for creating robust models useful for large-scale networks that could lead to novel predictions. We discuss possible T2N application in degeneracy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Beining
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck SocietyFrankfurtGermany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced StudiesFrankfurtGermany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience CenterGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Lucas Alberto Mongiat
- Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y MedioambienteUniversidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICETSan Carlos de BarilocheArgentina
| | | | - Hermann Cuntz
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck SocietyFrankfurtGermany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced StudiesFrankfurtGermany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience CenterGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
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Whoolery CW, Walker AK, Richardson DR, Lucero MJ, Reynolds RP, Beddow DH, Clark KL, Shih HY, LeBlanc JA, Cole MG, Amaral WZ, Mukherjee S, Zhang S, Ahn F, Bulin SE, DeCarolis NA, Rivera PD, Chen BPC, Yun S, Eisch AJ. Whole-Body Exposure to 28Si-Radiation Dose-Dependently Disrupts Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis and Proliferation in the Short Term and New Neuron Survival and Contextual Fear Conditioning in the Long Term. Radiat Res 2017; 188:532-551. [PMID: 28945526 PMCID: PMC5901735 DOI: 10.1667/rr14797.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Astronauts traveling to Mars will be exposed to chronic low doses of galactic cosmic space radiation, which contains highly charged, high-energy (HZE) particles. 56Fe-HZE-particle exposure decreases hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis and disrupts hippocampal function in young adult rodents, raising the possibility of impaired astronaut cognition and risk of mission failure. However, far less is known about how exposure to other HZE particles, such as 28Si, influences hippocampal neurogenesis and function. To compare the influence of 28Si exposure on indices of neurogenesis and hippocampal function with previous studies on 56Fe exposure, 9-week-old C57BL/6J and Nestin-GFP mice (NGFP; made and maintained for 10 or more generations on a C57BL/6J background) received whole-body 28Si-particle-radiation exposure (0, 0.2 and 1 Gy, 300 MeV/n, LET 67 KeV/μ, dose rate 1 Gy/min). For neurogenesis assessment, the NGFP mice were injected with the mitotic marker BrdU at 22 h postirradiation and brains were examined for indices of hippocampal proliferation and neurogenesis, including Ki67+, BrdU+, BrdU+NeuN+ and DCX+ cell numbers at short- and long-term time points (24 h and 3 months postirradiation, respectively). In the short-term group, stereology revealed fewer Ki67+, BrdU+ and DCX+ cells in 1-Gy-irradiated group relative to nonirradiated control mice, fewer Ki67+ and DCX+ cells in 0.2 Gy group relative to control group and fewer BrdU+ and DCX+ cells in 1 Gy group relative to 0.2 Gy group. In contrast to the clearly observed radiation-induced, dose-dependent reductions in the short-term group across all markers, only a few neurogenesis indices were changed in the long-term irradiated groups. Notably, there were fewer surviving BrdU+ cells in the 1 Gy group relative to 0- and 0.2-Gy-irradiated mice in the long-term group. When the short- and long-term groups were analyzed by sex, exposure to radiation had a similar effect on neurogenesis indices in male and female mice, although only male mice showed fewer surviving BrdU+ cells in the long-term group. Fluorescent immunolabeling and confocal phenotypic analysis revealed that most surviving BrdU+ cells in the long-term group expressed the neuronal marker NeuN, definitively confirming that exposure to 1 Gy 28Si radiation decreased the number of surviving adult-generated neurons in male mice relative to both 0- and 0.2-Gy-irradiated mice. For hippocampal function assessment, 9-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received whole-body 28Si-particle exposure and were then assessed long-term for performance on contextual and cued fear conditioning. In the context test the animals that received 0.2 Gy froze less relative to control animals, suggesting decreased hippocampal-dependent function. However, in the cued fear conditioning test, animals that received 1 Gy froze more during the pretone portion of the test, relative to controls and 0.2-Gy-irradiated mice, suggesting enhanced anxiety. Compared to previously reported studies, these data suggest that 28Si-radiation exposure damages neurogenesis, but to a lesser extent than 56Fe radiation and that low-dose 28Si exposure induces abnormalities in hippocampal function, disrupting fear memory but also inducing anxiety-like behavior. Furthermore, exposure to 28Si radiation decreased new neuron survival in long-term male groups but not females suggests that sex may be an important factor when performing brain health risk assessment for astronauts traveling in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody W. Whoolery
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Angela K. Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Melanie J. Lucero
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryan P. Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David H. Beddow
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - K. Lyles Clark
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hung-Ying Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Junie A. LeBlanc
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mara G. Cole
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Shibani Mukherjee
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shichuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Francisca Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sarah E. Bulin
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Phillip D. Rivera
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Benjamin P. C. Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sanghee Yun
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia J. Eisch
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Sajadi A, Amiri I, Gharebaghi A, Komaki A, Asadbegi M, Shahidi S, Mehdizadeh M, Soleimani Asl S. Treadmill exercise alters ecstasy- induced long- term potentiation disruption in the hippocampus of male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1603-1607. [PMID: 28612273 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy is a derivative of amphetamine that leads to long term potentiation (LTP) disruption in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Exercise has been accepted as a treatment for the improvement of neurodegenerative disease. Herein, the effects of exercise on the MDMA- induced neurotoxicity were assessed. Male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injection of MDMA (10 mg/kg) and exercised for one month on a treadmill (Simultaneously or asynchronously with MDMA). LTP and expression of BDNF were assessed using electrophysiology and western blotting methods, respectively. MDMA attenuated the field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) slope in comparison with the control group, whereas treadmill exercise increased this parameter when compared to MDMA group. Furthermore, BDNF expression significantly decreased in MDMA group and treadmill exercise could increase that. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that synchronous exercise is able to improve MDMA-induced LTP changes through increase of BDNF expression in the hippocampus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Sajadi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Amiri
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Gharebaghi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Asadbegi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Schidlitzki A, Twele F, Klee R, Waltl I, Römermann K, Bröer S, Meller S, Gerhauser I, Rankovic V, Li D, Brandt C, Bankstahl M, Töllner K, Löscher W. A combination of NMDA and AMPA receptor antagonists retards granule cell dispersion and epileptogenesis in a model of acquired epilepsy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12191. [PMID: 28939854 PMCID: PMC5610327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy may arise following acute brain insults, but no treatments exist that prevent epilepsy in patients at risk. Here we examined whether a combination of two glutamate receptor antagonists, NBQX and ifenprodil, acting at different receptor subtypes, exerts antiepileptogenic effects in the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model of epilepsy. These drugs were administered over 5 days following kainate. Spontaneous seizures were recorded by video/EEG at different intervals up to 3 months. Initial trials showed that drug treatment during the latent period led to higher mortality than treatment after onset of epilepsy, and further, that combined therapy with both drugs caused higher mortality at doses that appear safe when used singly. We therefore refined the combined-drug protocol, using lower doses. Two weeks after kainate, significantly less mice of the NBQX/ifenprodil group exhibited electroclinical seizures compared to vehicle controls, but this effect was lost at subsequent weeks. The disease modifying effect of the treatment was associated with a transient prevention of granule cell dispersion and less neuronal degeneration in the dentate hilus. These data substantiate the involvement of altered glutamatergic transmission in the early phase of epileptogenesis. Longer treatment with NBQX and ifenprodil may shed further light on the apparent temporal relationship between dentate gyrus reorganization and development of spontaneous seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Schidlitzki
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Twele
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Klee
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inken Waltl
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Römermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Bröer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meller
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vladan Rankovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience at University Medical Center Göttingen & German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dandan Li
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Bankstahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Töllner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Bermudez-Hernandez K, Lu YL, Moretto J, Jain S, LaFrancois JJ, Duffy AM, Scharfman HE. Hilar granule cells of the mouse dentate gyrus: effects of age, septotemporal location, strain, and selective deletion of the proapoptotic gene BAX. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3147-3161. [PMID: 28314928 PMCID: PMC5601016 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) principal cells are glutamatergic granule cells (GCs), and they are located in a compact cell layer. However, GCs are also present in the adjacent hilar region, but have been described in only a few studies. Therefore, we used the transcription factor prospero homeobox 1 (Prox1) to quantify GCs at postnatal day (PND) 16, 30, and 60 in a common mouse strain, C57BL/6J mice. At PND16, there was a large population of Prox1-immunoreactive (ir) hilar cells, with more in the septal than temporal hippocampus. At PND30 and 60, the size of the hilar Prox1-ir cell population was reduced. Similar numbers of hilar Prox1-expressing cells were observed in PND30 and 60 Swiss Webster mice. Prox1 is usually considered to be a marker of postmitotic GCs. However, many Prox1-ir hilar cells, especially at PND16, were not double-labeled with NeuN, a marker typically found in mature neurons. Most hilar Prox1-positive cells at PND16 co-expressed doublecortin (DCX) and calretinin, markers of immature GCs. Double-labeling with a marker of actively dividing cells, Ki67, was not detected. These results suggest that, surprisingly, a large population of cells in the hilus at PND16 are immature GCs (Type 2b and Type 3 cells). We also asked whether hilar Prox1-ir cell numbers are modifiable. To examine this issue, we conditionally deleted the proapoptotic gene BAX in Nestin-expressing cells at a time when there are numerous immature GCs in the hilus, PND2-8. When these mice were examined at PND60, the numbers of Prox1-ir hilar cells were significantly increased compared to control mice. However, deletion of BAX did not appear to change the proportion that co-expressed NeuN, suggesting that the size of the hilar Prox1-expressing population is modifiable. However, deleting BAX, a major developmental disruption, does not appear to change the proportion that ultimately becomes neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keria Bermudez-Hernandez
- New York University Langone Medical Center, 227 East 30th Street, 7th Floor, One Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
| | - Yi-Ling Lu
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Jillian Moretto
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Swati Jain
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - John J LaFrancois
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Aine M Duffy
- New York University Langone Medical Center, 227 East 30th Street, 7th Floor, One Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- New York University Langone Medical Center, 227 East 30th Street, 7th Floor, One Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
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Yu T, Tensaouti Y, Bagha ZM, Davidson R, Kim A, Kernie SG. Adult newborn neurons interfere with fear discrimination in a protocol-dependent manner. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00796. [PMID: 28948089 PMCID: PMC5607558 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant enhancement of neurogenesis is known to occur in response to a variety of brain insults such as traumatic brain injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that injury-induced newborn neurons are required for hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory tasks like the Morris water maze, but not in contextual fear conditioning that requires both the hippocampus and amygdala. Recently, the dentate gyrus, where adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs, has been implicated in processing information to form specific memory under specific environmental stimuli in a process known as pattern separation. METHODS To test whether injury-induced newborn neurons facilitate pattern separation, hippocampus-dependent contextual fear discrimination was performed using delta-HSV-TK transgenic mice, which can temporally inhibit injury-induced neurogenesis under the control of ganciclovir. RESULTS We observed that impaired neurogenesis enhanced the ability to distinguish aversive from naïve environments. In addition, this occurs most significantly following injury, but only in a context-dependent manner whereby the sequence of introducing the naïve environment from the aversive one affected the performance differentially. CONCLUSIONS Temporal impairment of both baseline and injury-induced adult neurogenesis enhances performance in fear discrimination in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong‐Shiue Yu
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yacine Tensaouti
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Zohaib M. Bagha
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Rina Davidson
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ahleum Kim
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Steven G. Kernie
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
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Abstract
The impact of dentate mossy cells on hippocampal activity remained uncertain despite a long history of investigation. In this issue of Neuron, Hashimotodani et al. (2017) discover a presynaptically expressed form of long-term potentiation at mossy cell outputs, shedding light on their mysterious function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Milstein
- Department of Neurosurgery & Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery & Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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Matsue K, Minakawa S, Kashiwagi T, Toda K, Sato T, Shioda S, Seki T. Dentate granule progenitor cell properties are rapidly altered soon after birth. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:357-369. [PMID: 28836044 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs during the embryonic period and ceases soon after birth in the neocortex, but continues to occur in the hippocampus even in the adult. The embryonic neocortex has radial glia or progenitor cells expressing brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP), whereas the adult hippocampus has radial granule progenitor cells expressing BLBP and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the subgranular zone. We previously found that embryonic hippocampal granule progenitor cells express GFAP, but not BLBP, indicating that these cells are different from both embryonic neocortical and adult granule progenitor cells. In the present study, as the first step towards understanding the mechanism of persistent hippocampal neurogenesis, we aimed to determine the stage at which embryonic-type granule progenitors become adult-type progenitors using mouse Gfap-GFP transgenic mice. During the embryonic stages, Gfap-GFP-positive (Gfap-GFP+) cells were distributed in the entire developing dentate gyrus (DG), whereas BLBP-positive (BLBP+) cells were mainly present in the fimbria and subpial region, and to some extent in the DG. Up to postnatal day 0 (P0), double-positive cells were scarcely detected. However, at P1, one-third of the Gfap-GFP+ cells in the DG suddenly began to weakly express BLBP. Thereafter, Gfap-GFP+/BLBP+ cells rapidly increased in number, and extended their radial processes in the inner granular cell layer. At P14 and in the adult, two-thirds of the Gfap-GFP+ cells in the subgranular zone showed BLBP immunoreactivity. These results suggest that the properties of hippocampal granule progenitor cells are rapidly altered from an embryonic to adult type soon after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Matsue
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shiori Minakawa
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Taichi Kashiwagi
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Keiko Toda
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Toru Sato
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Institute for Advanced Bioscience Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Seki
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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Hashimotodani Y, Nasrallah K, Jensen KR, Chávez AE, Carrera D, Castillo PE. LTP at Hilar Mossy Cell-Dentate Granule Cell Synapses Modulates Dentate Gyrus Output by Increasing Excitation/Inhibition Balance. Neuron 2017; 95:928-943.e3. [PMID: 28817805 PMCID: PMC5609819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Excitatory hilar mossy cells (MCs) in the dentate gyrus receive inputs from dentate granule cells (GCs) and project back to GCs locally, contralaterally, and along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, thereby establishing an associative positive-feedback loop and connecting functionally diverse hippocampal areas. MCs also synapse with GABAergic interneurons that mediate feed-forward inhibition onto GCs. Surprisingly, although these circuits have been implicated in both memory formation (e.g., pattern separation) and temporal lobe epilepsy, little is known about activity-dependent plasticity of their synaptic connections. Here, we report that MC-GC synapses undergo a presynaptic, NMDA-receptor-independent form of long-term potentiation (LTP) that requires postsynaptic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB and presynaptic cyclic AMP (cAMP)/PKA signaling. This LTP is input specific and selectively expressed at MC-GC synapses, but not at the disynaptic inhibitory loop. By increasing the excitation/inhibition balance, MC-GC LTP enhances GC output at the associative MC-GC recurrent circuit and may contribute to dentate-dependent forms of learning and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hashimotodani
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kaoutsar Nasrallah
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kyle R Jensen
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrés E Chávez
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daniel Carrera
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Hayashi Y, Yawata S, Funabiki K, Hikida T. In vivo calcium imaging from dentate granule cells with wide-field fluorescence microscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180452. [PMID: 28700611 PMCID: PMC5507494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of genetically-encoded calcium indicators and micro-optics has enabled monitoring of large-scale dynamics of neuronal activity from behaving animals. In these studies, wide-field microscopy is often used to visualize neural activity. However, this method lacks optical sectioning capability, and therefore its axial resolution is generally poor. At present, it is unclear whether wide-field microscopy can visualize activity of densely packed small neurons at cellular resolution. To examine the applicability of wide-field microscopy for small-sized neurons, we recorded calcium activity of dentate granule cells having a small soma diameter of approximately 10 micrometers. Using a combination of high numerical aperture (0.8) objective lens and independent component analysis-based image segmentation technique, activity of putative single granule cell activity was separated from wide-field calcium imaging data. The result encourages wider application of wide-field microscopy in in vivo neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hayashi
- Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Frontier Research Center for Post-genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Shevtsova O, Tan YF, Merkley CM, Winocur G, Wojtowicz JM. Early-Age Running Enhances Activity of Adult-Born Dentate Granule Neurons Following Learning in Rats. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0237-17.2017. [PMID: 28824956 PMCID: PMC5560743 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0237-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reserve, the brain's capacity to draw on enriching experiences during youth, is believed to protect against memory loss associated with a decline in hippocampal function, as seen in normal aging and neurodegenerative disease. Adult neurogenesis has been suggested as a specific mechanism involved in cognitive (or neurogenic) reserve. The first objective of this study was to compare learning-related neuronal activity in adult-born versus developmentally born hippocampal neurons in juvenile male rats that had engaged in extensive running activity during early development or reared in a standard laboratory environment. The second objective was to investigate the long-term effect of exercise in rats on learning and memory of a contextual fear (CF) response later in adulthood. These aims address the important question as to whether exercise in early life is sufficient to build a reserve that protects against the process of cognitive aging. The results reveal a long-term effect of early running on adult-born dentate granule neurons and a special role for adult-born neurons in contextual memory, in a manner that is consistent with the neurogenic reserve hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Shevtsova
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Yao-Fang Tan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Christina M. Merkley
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Gordon Winocur
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario M6E2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, K9J7B8, Canada
| | - J. Martin Wojtowicz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
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Zhang M, Chen D, Xia J, Han W, Cui X, Neuenkirchen N, Hermes G, Sestan N, Lin H. Post-transcriptional regulation of mouse neurogenesis by Pumilio proteins. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1354-1369. [PMID: 28794184 PMCID: PMC5580656 DOI: 10.1101/gad.298752.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on mammalian neurogenesis, its post-transcriptional regulation remains under-explored. Here we report that neural-specific inactivation of two murine post-transcriptional regulators, Pumilio 1 (Pum1) and Pum2, severely reduced the number of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the postnatal dentate gyrus (DG), drastically increased perinatal apoptosis, altered DG cell composition, and impaired learning and memory. Consistently, the mutant DG neurospheres generated fewer NSCs with defects in proliferation, survival, and differentiation, supporting a major role of Pum1 and Pum2 in hippocampal neurogenesis and function. Cross-linking immunoprecipitation revealed that Pum1 and Pum2 bind to thousands of mRNAs, with at least 694 common targets in multiple neurogenic pathways. Depleting Pum1 and/or Pum2 did not change the abundance of most target mRNAs but up-regulated their proteins, indicating that Pum1 and Pum2 regulate the translation of their target mRNAs. Moreover, Pum1 and Pum2 display RNA-dependent interaction with fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and bind to one another's mRNA. This indicates that Pum proteins might form collaborative networks with FMRP and possibly other post-transcriptional regulators to regulate neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA
| | - Jing Xia
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Wenqi Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Xiekui Cui
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Nils Neuenkirchen
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Gretchen Hermes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Haifan Lin
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Glover LR, Schoenfeld TJ, Karlsson RM, Bannerman DM, Cameron HA. Ongoing neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus mediates behavioral responses to ambiguous threat cues. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001154. [PMID: 28388632 PMCID: PMC5384657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear learning is highly adaptive if utilized in appropriate situations but can lead to generalized anxiety if applied too widely. A role of predictive cues in inhibiting fear generalization has been suggested by stress and fear learning studies, but the effects of partially predictive cues (ambiguous cues) and the neuronal populations responsible for linking the predictive ability of cues and generalization of fear responses are unknown. Here, we show that inhibition of adult neurogenesis in the mouse dentate gyrus decreases hippocampal network activation and reduces defensive behavior to ambiguous threat cues but has neither of these effects if the same negative experience is reliably predicted. Additionally, we find that this ambiguity related to negative events determines their effect on fear generalization, that is, how the events affect future behavior under novel conditions. Both new neurons and glucocorticoid hormones are required for the enhancement of fear generalization following an unpredictably cued threat. Thus, adult neurogenesis plays a central role in the adaptive changes resulting from experience involving unpredictable or ambiguous threat cues, optimizing behavior in novel and uncertain situations. The ability to predict whether an experience will end favorably is critical for well-being. Cues associated with specific outcomes can aid in prediction, enabling adaptive behaviors, but cue-outcome relationships are often difficult to learn or inherently ambiguous. Human studies have suggested that the hippocampus, a brain region involved in learning and memory, is also important for predicting outcomes and mediating behavior in situations of uncertainty and conflict. We tested the role of a subtype of hippocampal neurons born in adulthood in responding to ambiguously cued shock. We found that mice without these young neurons show less defensive behavior than normal mice when they hear an ambiguous cue, paired with shock in 50% of trials, but react normally when the cue perfectly predicts the shock. In a novel situation, normal mice behave defensively after ambiguously cued shocks but show very little anxiety-like (defensive) behavior if shocks were predictable. Mice without new neurons fail to make this adaptive change, showing moderate levels of anxiety-like behavior regardless of the predictability of earlier threats. Our findings suggest that an important role for the continued neurogenesis in the hippocampus is to enable adaptive changes to future behavior depending upon predictability of prior threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Glover
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Schoenfeld
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rose-Marie Karlsson
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David M. Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heather A. Cameron
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Polšek D, Bago M, Živaljić M, Rosenzweig I, Lacza Z, Gajović S. A novel adjustable automated system for inducing chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174896. [PMID: 28362813 PMCID: PMC5376321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep apnea is a chronic, widely underdiagnosed condition characterized by disruption of sleep architecture and intermittent hypoxia due to short cessations of breathing. It is a major independent risk factor for myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and stroke as well as one of the rare modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s Dementia. Reliable animal disease models are needed to understand the link between sleep apnea and the various clinically linked disorders. New method An automated system for inducing hypoxia was developed, in which the major improvement was the possibility to efficiently adjust the length and intensity of hypoxia in two different periods. The chamber used a small volume of gas allowing for fast exchanges of different oxygen levels. The mice were kept in their cages adapted with the system on the cage lid. As a proof of principle, they were exposed to a three week period of intermittent hypoxia for 8 hours a day, with 90 s intervals of 5, 7% and 21% oxygen to validate the model. Treated (n = 8) and control mice (no hypoxia, n = 7) were handled in the same manner and their hippocampal brain regions compared by histology. Results The chamber provided a fast, reliable and precise intermittent hypoxia, without inducing noticeable side effects to the animals. The validation experiment showed that apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus were more numerous in the mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia than in the control group, in all tested hippocampal regions (cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) P <0.001; cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) P <0.001; and dentate gyrus (DG) P = 0.023). In both, control and hypoxic conditions, there was a significantly higher number of apoptotic neurons in the DG compared to the CA1 and CA3 subfields (P <0.001). Conclusion The new design of a hypoxic chamber provides a fast, adjustable and reliable model of obstructive sleep apnea, which was validated by apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Polšek
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcel Bago
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marija Živaljić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zsombor Lacza
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Srećko Gajović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- * E-mail:
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50
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Jongbloets BC, Lemstra S, Schellino R, Broekhoven MH, Parkash J, Hellemons AJCGM, Mao T, Giacobini P, van Praag H, De Marchis S, Ramakers GMJ, Pasterkamp RJ. Stage-specific functions of Semaphorin7A during adult hippocampal neurogenesis rely on distinct receptors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14666. [PMID: 28281529 PMCID: PMC5353663 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The guidance protein Semaphorin7A (Sema7A) is required for the proper development of the immune and nervous systems. Despite strong expression in the mature brain, the role of Sema7A in the adult remains poorly defined. Here we show that Sema7A utilizes different cell surface receptors to control the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), one of the select regions of the mature brain where neurogenesis occurs. PlexinC1 is selectively expressed in early neural progenitors in the adult mouse DG and mediates the inhibitory effects of Sema7A on progenitor proliferation. Subsequently, during differentiation of adult-born DG granule cells, Sema7A promotes dendrite growth, complexity and spine development through β1-subunit-containing integrin receptors. Our data identify Sema7A as a key regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, providing an example of how differential receptor usage spatiotemporally controls and diversifies the effects of guidance cues in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart C. Jongbloets
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lemstra
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Schellino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy
| | - Mark H. Broekhoven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University Punjab, City Campus, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Anita J. C. G. M. Hellemons
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, U1172, 59045 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy
| | - Geert M. J. Ramakers
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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