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Crisci I, Bonzano S, Nicolas Z, Dallorto E, Peretto P, Krezel W, De Marchis S. Tamoxifen exerts direct and microglia-mediated effects preventing neuroinflammatory changes in the adult mouse hippocampal neurogenic niche. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38515286 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen-inducible systems are widely used in research to control Cre-mediated gene deletion in genetically modified animals. Beyond Cre activation, tamoxifen also exerts off-target effects, whose consequences are still poorly addressed. Here, we investigated the impact of tamoxifen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory responses, focusing on the neurogenic activity in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. We demonstrated that a four-day LPS treatment led to an increase in microglia, astrocytes and radial glial cells with concomitant reduction of newborn neurons. These effects were counteracted by a two-day tamoxifen pre-treatment. Through selective microglia depletion, we elucidated that both LPS and tamoxifen influenced astrogliogenesis via microglia mediated mechanisms, while the effects on neurogenesis persisted even in a microglia-depleted environment. Notably, changes in radial glial cells resulted from a combination of microglia-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Overall, our data reveal that tamoxifen treatment per se does not alter the balance between adult neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis but does modulate cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli exerting a protective role within the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Crisci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Zinter Nicolas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Eleonora Dallorto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NICO-Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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2
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Bonzano S, Dallorto E, Molineris I, Michelon F, Crisci I, Gambarotta G, Neri F, Oliviero S, Beckervordersandforth R, Lie DC, Peretto P, Bovetti S, Studer M, De Marchis S. Nr2f1 shapes mitochondria in the mouse brain unraveling new insights into the neurodevelopmental disorder BBSOAS. Dis Model Mech 2023:312547. [PMID: 37260288 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor Nr2f1 acts as a strong transcriptional regulator in embryonic and postnatal neural cells. In humans, mutations in the NR2F1 gene cause the Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy-intellectual Syndrome (BBSOAS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple clinical features including vision impairments, intellectual disability, and autistic traits. In this study, we identified, by genome-wide and in silico analyses, a wide set of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes as potential genomic targets under direct Nr2f1 transcriptional control in neurons. By combining mouse genetics, neuroanatomical and imaging approaches we demonstrated that conditional Nr2f1 loss-of-function within the adult mouse hippocampal neurogenic niche results in a reduced mitochondrial mass associated with mitochondrial fragmentation and downregulation of key mitochondrial proteins in newborn neurons, whose functional integration and survival are impaired. Importantly, we also found dysregulation of several nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and downregulation of key mitochondrial proteins in the brain of Nr2f1-heterozygous mice, a validated BBSOAS model. Our data point to an active role of Nr2f1 in the mitochondrial gene expression regulatory network in neurons and support the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in BBSOAS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Eleonora Dallorto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Ivan Molineris
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- IIGM Foundation-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Michelon
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Isabella Crisci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- IIGM Foundation-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- IIGM Foundation-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Ruth Beckervordersandforth
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
| | - Michèle Studer
- Institute de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS 7277, Inserm 1091, Avenue Valrose 28, Nice, France
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (Turin), Italy
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Scandiffio R, Bonzano S, Cottone E, Shrestha S, Bossi S, De Marchis S, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Beta-Caryophyllene Modifies Intracellular Lipid Composition in a Cell Model of Hepatic Steatosis by Acting through CB2 and PPAR Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076060. [PMID: 37047034 PMCID: PMC10094507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease; however, no specific pharmacological therapy has yet been approved for this condition. Plant-derived extracts can be an important source for the development of new drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of (E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP), a phytocannabinoid recently found to be beneficial against metabolic diseases, on HepG2 steatotic hepatocytes. Using a fluorescence-based lipid quantification assay and GC-MS analysis, we show that BCP is able to decrease lipid accumulation in steatotic conditions and to change the typical steatotic lipid profile by primarily reducing saturated fatty acids. By employing specific antagonists, we demonstrate that BCP action is mediated by multiple receptors: CB2 cannabinoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and γ (PPARγ). Interestingly, BCP was able to counteract the increase in CB2 and the reduction in PPARα receptor expression observed in steatotic conditions. Moreover, through immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that CB2 receptors are mainly intracellularly localized and that BCP is internalized in HepG2 cells with a maximum peak at 2 h, suggesting a direct interaction with intracellular receptors. The results obtained with BCP in normal and steatotic hepatocytes encourage future applications in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Cottone
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Sujata Shrestha
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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Malloul H, Bonzano S, Bennis M, De Marchis S, Ba-M'hamed S. Chronic thinner inhalation alters olfactory behaviors in adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113597. [PMID: 34563601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Volatile solvents exposure can result in various behavioral impairments that have been partly associated to altered adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Despite recent evidence supporting this association, few studies have been devoted to examine the impact on olfactory functioning and olfactory bulb (OB) neurogenesis, although olfactory system is directly in contact with volatile molecules. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate in adult mice the potential modifications of the olfactory functioning after acute (1 day), subchronic (6 weeks) and chronic (12 weeks) exposure to thinner vapor at both behavioral and cellular levels. Firstly, behavioral evaluations showed that chronic thinner exposure impacts on odor detection ability of treated mice but does not affect mice ability to efficiently discriminate between two different odors. Moreover, chronic thinner exposure produces impairment in the olfactory-mediated associative memory. Secondly, analysis of the effects of thinner exposure in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and in the OB revealed that thinner treatments do not induce apoptosis nor glial activation. Thirdly, immunohistochemical quantification of different markers of adult olfactory neurogenesis showed that inhalant treatments do not change the number of proliferating progenitors in the SVZ and the rostral migratory stream (RMS), as well as the number of newborn cells reaching and integrating in the OB circuitry. Altogether, our data highlight that the impaired olfactory performances in chronically-exposed mice are not associated to an alteration of adult neurogenesis in the SVZ-OB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Malloul
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mohammed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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5
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Trova S, Bovetti S, Bonzano S, De Marchis S, Peretto P. Sex Steroids and the Shaping of the Peripubertal Brain: The Sexual-Dimorphic Set-Up of Adult Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157984. [PMID: 34360747 PMCID: PMC8347822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones represent an amazing class of molecules that play pleiotropic roles in vertebrates. In mammals, during postnatal development, sex steroids significantly influence the organization of sexually dimorphic neural circuits underlying behaviors critical for survival, such as the reproductive one. During the last decades, multiple studies have shown that many cortical and subcortical brain regions undergo sex steroid-dependent structural organization around puberty, a critical stage of life characterized by high sensitivity to external stimuli and a profound structural and functional remodeling of the organism. Here, we first give an overview of current data on how sex steroids shape the peripubertal brain by regulating neuroplasticity mechanisms. Then, we focus on adult neurogenesis, a striking form of persistent structural plasticity involved in the control of social behaviors and regulated by a fine-tuned integration of external and internal cues. We discuss recent data supporting that the sex steroid-dependent peripubertal organization of neural circuits involves a sexually dimorphic set-up of adult neurogenesis that in turn could be relevant for sex-specific reproductive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.T.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
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6
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Gribaudo S, Saraulli D, Nato G, Bonzano S, Gambarotta G, Luzzati F, Costanzi M, Peretto P, Bovetti S, De Marchis S. Neurogranin Regulates Adult-Born Olfactory Granule Cell Spine Density and Odor-Reward Associative Memory in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084269. [PMID: 33924098 PMCID: PMC8074334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng) is a brain-specific postsynaptic protein, whose role in modulating Ca2+/calmodulin signaling in glutamatergic neurons has been linked to enhancement in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Accordingly, Ng knock-out (Ng-ko) mice display hippocampal-dependent learning and memory impairments associated with a deficit in long-term potentiation induction. In the adult olfactory bulb (OB), Ng is expressed by a large population of GABAergic granule cells (GCs) that are continuously generated during adult life, undergo high synaptic remodeling in response to the sensory context, and play a key role in odor processing. However, the possible implication of Ng in OB plasticity and function is yet to be investigated. Here, we show that Ng expression in the OB is associated with the mature state of adult-born GCs, where its active-phosphorylated form is concentrated at post-synaptic sites. Constitutive loss of Ng in Ng-ko mice resulted in defective spine density in adult-born GCs, while their survival remained unaltered. Moreover, Ng-ko mice show an impaired odor-reward associative memory coupled with reduced expression of the activity-dependent transcription factor Zif268 in olfactory GCs. Overall, our data support a role for Ng in the molecular mechanisms underlying GC plasticity and the formation of olfactory associative memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Daniele Saraulli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Nato
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), University of Torino, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Luzzati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10123 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (G.N.); (S.B.); (F.L.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.D.M.)
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Tomagra G, Picollo F, Battiato A, Picconi B, De Marchis S, Pasquarelli A, Olivero P, Marcantoni A, Calabresi P, Carbone E, Carabelli V. Quantal Release of Dopamine and Action Potential Firing Detected in Midbrain Neurons by Multifunctional Diamond-Based Microarrays. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:288. [PMID: 31024230 PMCID: PMC6465646 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-Graphitic Single Crystal Diamond Multi Electrode Arrays (μG-SCD-MEAs) have so far been used as amperometric sensors to detect catecholamines from chromaffin cells and adrenal gland slices. Besides having time resolution and sensitivity that are comparable with carbon fiber electrodes, that represent the gold standard for amperometry, μG-SCD-MEAs also have the advantages of simultaneous multisite detection, high biocompatibility and implementation of amperometric/potentiometric protocols, aimed at monitoring exocytotic events and neuronal excitability. In order to adapt diamond technology to record neuronal activity, the μG-SCD-MEAs in this work have been interfaced with cultured midbrain neurons to detect electrical activity as well as quantal release of dopamine (DA). μG-SCD-MEAs are based on graphitic sensing electrodes that are embedded into the diamond matrix and are fabricated using MeV ion beam lithography. Two geometries have been adopted, with 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 microelectrodes (20 μm × 3.5 μm exposed area, 200 μm spacing). In the amperometric configuration, the 4 × 4 μG-SCD-MEAs resolved quantal exocytosis from midbrain dopaminergic neurons. KCl-stimulated DA release occurred as amperometric spikes of 15 pA amplitude and 0.5 ms half-width, at a mean frequency of 0.4 Hz. When used as potentiometric multiarrays, the 8 × 8 μG-SCD-MEAs detected the spontaneous firing activity of midbrain neurons. Extracellularly recorded action potentials (APs) had mean amplitude of ∼-50 μV and occurred at a mean firing frequency of 0.7 Hz in 67% of neurons, while the remaining fired at 6.8 Hz. Comparable findings were observed using conventional MEAs (0.9 and 6.4 Hz, respectively). To test the reliability of potentiometric recordings with μG-SCD-MEAs, the D2-autoreceptor modulation of firing was investigated by applying levodopa (L-DOPA, 20 μM), and comparing μG-SCD-MEAs, conventional MEAs and current-clamp recordings. In all cases, L-DOPA reduced the spontaneous spiking activity in most neurons by 70%, while the D2-antagonist sulpiride reversed this effect. Cell firing inhibition was generally associated with increased APs amplitude. A minority of neurons was either insensitive to, or potentiated by L-DOPA, suggesting that AP recordings originate from different midbrain neuronal subpopulations and reveal different modulatory pathways. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that μG-SCD-MEAs are multi-functional biosensors suitable to resolve real-time DA release and AP firing in in vitro neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tomagra
- Department of Drug and Science Technology and "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Picollo
- Department of Physics and "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alfio Battiato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, University San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.,University San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology and "NICO" Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Olivero
- Department of Physics and "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug and Science Technology and "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emilio Carbone
- Department of Drug and Science Technology and "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Carabelli
- Department of Drug and Science Technology and "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Malloul H, Bennis M, Bonzano S, Gambarotta G, Perroteau I, De Marchis S, Ba-M'hamed S. Decreased Hippocampal Neuroplasticity and Behavioral Impairment in an Animal Model of Inhalant Abuse. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:35. [PMID: 29472835 PMCID: PMC5810293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thinners are highly toxic chemicals widely employed as organic solvents in industrial and domestic use. They have psychoactive properties when inhaled, and their chronic abuse as inhalants is associated with severe long-term health effects, including brain damage and cognitive-behavioral alterations. Yet, the sites and mechanisms of action of these compounds on the brain are far from being fully understood. Here, we investigated the consequences of paint thinner inhalation in adult male mice. Depression-like behaviors and an anxiolytic effect were found following repeated exposure in chronic treatments lasting 12 weeks. Both subchronic (6 weeks) and chronic treatments impaired learning and memory functions, while no changes were observed after acute treatment. To investigate possible molecular/structural alterations underlying such behavioral changes, we focused on the hippocampus. Notably, prolonged, but not acute thinner inhalation strongly affected adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG), reducing progenitor cell proliferation after chronic treatments and impairing the survival of newborn neurons following both chronic and subchronic treatments. Furthermore, a down-regulation in the expression of BDNF and NMDA receptor subunits as well as a reduction in CREB expression/phosphorylation were found in the hippocampi of chronically treated mice. Our findings demonstrate for the first time significant structural and molecular changes in the adult hippocampus after prolonged paint thinner inhalation, indicating reduced hippocampal neuroplasticity and strongly supporting its implication in the behavioral dysfunctions associated to inhalant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Malloul
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Isabelle Perroteau
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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9
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Jongbloets BC, Lemstra S, Schellino R, Broekhoven MH, Parkash J, Hellemons AJCGM, Mao T, Giacobini P, van Praag H, De Marchis S, Ramakers GMJ, Pasterkamp RJ. Stage-specific functions of Semaphorin7A during adult hippocampal neurogenesis rely on distinct receptors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14666. [PMID: 28281529 PMCID: PMC5353663 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The guidance protein Semaphorin7A (Sema7A) is required for the proper development of the immune and nervous systems. Despite strong expression in the mature brain, the role of Sema7A in the adult remains poorly defined. Here we show that Sema7A utilizes different cell surface receptors to control the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), one of the select regions of the mature brain where neurogenesis occurs. PlexinC1 is selectively expressed in early neural progenitors in the adult mouse DG and mediates the inhibitory effects of Sema7A on progenitor proliferation. Subsequently, during differentiation of adult-born DG granule cells, Sema7A promotes dendrite growth, complexity and spine development through β1-subunit-containing integrin receptors. Our data identify Sema7A as a key regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, providing an example of how differential receptor usage spatiotemporally controls and diversifies the effects of guidance cues in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart C. Jongbloets
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lemstra
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Schellino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy
| | - Mark H. Broekhoven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University Punjab, City Campus, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Anita J. C. G. M. Hellemons
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, U1172, 59045 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy
| | - Geert M. J. Ramakers
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the lifelong generation of new neurons that occurs into restricted regions of the adult mammalian brain, namely the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. In this chapter, we describe the procedures aimed to investigate adult neurogenesis in the murine brain. Specifically, we explain how to inject into animals exogenous markers of proliferation (i.e., BrdU) and prepare brain tissues to perform immunofluorescence reactions for neuronal markers in combination with BrdU staining. As BrdU is incorporated in the DNA during the S-phase of the cell cycle of proliferating cells and is then inherited by daughter cells, by coupling BrdU-immunoreactivity together with the immunolabeling for neuronal markers, we provide the general procedures that can be applied to identify adult-born neurons and to characterize their specific phenotypes in different brain regions, under physiological condition or in pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
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11
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Bonzano S, Bovetti S, Gendusa C, Peretto P, De Marchis S. Adult Born Olfactory Bulb Dopaminergic Interneurons: Molecular Determinants and Experience-Dependent Plasticity. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:189. [PMID: 27199651 PMCID: PMC4858532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) is a highly plastic brain region involved in the early processing of olfactory information. A remarkably feature of the OB circuits in rodents is the constitutive integration of new neurons that takes place during adulthood. Newborn cells in the adult OB are mostly inhibitory interneurons belonging to chemically, morphologically and functionally heterogeneous types. Although there is general agreement that adult neurogenesis in the OB plays a key role in sensory information processing and olfaction-related plasticity, the contribution of each interneuron subtype to such functions is far to be elucidated. Here, we focus on the dopaminergic (DA) interneurons: we highlight recent findings about their morphological features and then describe the molecular factors required for the specification/differentiation and maintenance of the DA phenotype in adult born neurons. We also discuss dynamic changes of the DA interneuron population related to age, environmental stimuli and lesions, and their possible functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of TurinOrbassano, Italy
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Gendusa
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of TurinOrbassano, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of TurinOrbassano, Italy
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12
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Bonzano S, Bovetti S, Fasolo A, Peretto P, De Marchis S. Odour enrichment increases adult-born dopaminergic neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3450-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO); Orbassano Italy
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | - Aldo Fasolo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO); Orbassano Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino; Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO); Orbassano Italy
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13
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Bovetti S, Bonzano S, Garzotto D, Giannelli SG, Iannielli A, Armentano M, Studer M, De Marchis S. COUP-TFI controls activity-dependent tyrosine hydroxylase expression in adult dopaminergic olfactory bulb interneurons. Development 2013; 140:4850-9. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.089961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
COUP-TFI is an orphan nuclear receptor acting as a strong transcriptional regulator in different aspects of forebrain embryonic development. In this study, we investigated COUP-TFI expression and function in the mouse olfactory bulb (OB), a highly plastic telencephalic region in which continuous integration of newly generated inhibitory interneurons occurs throughout life. OB interneurons belong to different populations that originate from distinct progenitor lineages. Here, we show that COUP-TFI is highly expressed in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic interneurons in the adult OB glomerular layer (GL). We found that odour deprivation, which is known to downregulate TH expression in the OB, also downregulates COUP-TFI in dopaminergic cells, indicating a possible correlation between TH- and COUP-TFI-activity-dependent action. Moreover, we demonstrate that conditional inactivation of COUP-TFI in the EMX1 lineage results in a significant reduction of both TH and ZIF268 expression in the GL. Finally, lentiviral vector-mediated COUP-TFI deletion in adult-generated interneurons confirmed that COUP-TFI acts cell-autonomously in the control of TH and ZIF268 expression. These data indicate that COUP-TFI regulates TH expression in OB cells through an activity-dependent mechanism involving ZIF268 induction and strongly argue for a maintenance rather than establishment function of COUP-TFI in dopaminergic commitment. Our study reveals a previously unknown role for COUP-TFI in the adult brain as a key regulator in the control of sensory-dependent plasticity in olfactory dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gerzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Donatella Garzotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Gea Giannelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina28, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Iannielli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gerzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Maria Armentano
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gerzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michèle Studer
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
- INSERM UMR 1091, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gerzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
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14
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De Marchis S, Puche AC. Cellular imaging and emerging technologies for adult neurogenesis research. Front Neurosci 2012; 6:41. [PMID: 22493567 PMCID: PMC3318224 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin Torino, Italy
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15
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Bovetti S, Gribaudo S, Puche AC, De Marchis S, Fasolo A. From progenitors to integrated neurons: role of neurotransmitters in adult olfactory neurogenesis. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 42:304-16. [PMID: 21641990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is due to the persistence of pools of constitutive stem cells able to give rise to a progeny of proliferating progenitors. In rodents, adult neurogenic niches have been found in the subventricular zone (SVZ) along the lateral ventricles and in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. SVZ progenitors undergo a unique process of tangential migration from the lateral ventricle to the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate mainly into GABAergic interneurons in the granule and glomerular layers. SVZ progenitor proliferation, migration and differentiation into fully integrated neurons, are strictly related processes regulated by complex interactions between cell intrinsic and extrinsic influences. Numerous observations demonstrate that neurotrasmitters are involved in all steps of the adult neurogenic process, but the understanding of their role is hampered by their intricate mechanism of action and by the highly complex network in which neurotransmitters work. By considering the three main steps of olfactory adult neurogenesis (proliferation, migration and integration), this review will discuss recent advances in the study of neurotransmitters, highlighting the regulatory mechanisms upstream and downstream their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bovetti
- Department of Animal & Human Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
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16
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Fregnan F, Petrov V, Garzotto D, De Marchis S, Offenhäuser N, Grosso E, Chiorino G, Perroteau I, Gambarotta G. Eps8 involvement in neuregulin1-ErbB4 mediated migration in the neuronal progenitor cell line ST14A. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:757-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Rolando C, Gribaudo S, Yoshikawa K, Leto K, De Marchis S, Rossi F. Extracerebellar progenitors grafted to the neurogenic milieu of the postnatal rat cerebellum adapt to the host environment but fail to acquire cerebellar identities. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:1340-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Bovetti S, Veyrac A, Peretto P, Fasolo A, De Marchis S. Olfactory enrichment influences adult neurogenesis modulating GAD67 and plasticity-related molecules expression in newborn cells of the olfactory bulb. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6359. [PMID: 19626121 PMCID: PMC2709916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) is a highly plastic region of the adult mammalian brain characterized by continuous integration of inhibitory interneurons of the granule (GC) and periglomerular cell (PGC) types. Adult-generated OB interneurons are selected to survive in an experience-dependent way but the mechanisms that mediate the effects of experience on OB neurogenesis are unknown. Here we focus on the new-generated PGC population which is composed by multiple subtypes. Using paradigms of olfactory enrichment and/or deprivation combined to BrdU injections and quantitative confocal immunohistochemical analyses, we studied the effects of olfactory experience on adult-generated PGCs at different survival time and compared PGC to GC modulation. We show that olfactory enrichment similarly influences PGCs and GCs, increasing survival of newborn cells and transiently modulating GAD67 and plasticity-related molecules expression. However, PGC maturation appears to be delayed compared to GCs, reflecting a different temporal dynamic of adult generated olfactory interneuron integration. Moreover, olfactory enrichment or deprivation do not selectively modulate the survival of specific PGC phenotypes, supporting the idea that the integration rate of distinct PGC subtypes is independent from olfactory experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bovetti
- Department of Animal & Human Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alexandra Veyrac
- Department of Animal & Human Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Animal & Human Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Aldo Fasolo
- Department of Animal & Human Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Animal & Human Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Mechanisms underlying neurogenesis in the subventricular-zone-olfactory-bulb system and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are beginning to be delineated and show common regulative features. In both regions neurogenesis is attributable to progenitor cells whose progeny progressively matures to functional neurons under genetic and epigenetic influence. Persistence of endogenous neuronal progenitors and integration of new neurons in preexisting circuits provide an appealing model of study to develop therapy strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, comparative analysis in mammals indicates that low neurogenic activity is also present in regions classically considered nonneurogenic in both normal and pathological conditions. Neurogenesis in these regions can be due to progenitors derived from the subventricular germinal zone and/or local parenchymal progenitors. Although, in vivo, the origin, identity and putative function of parenchymal progenitors are still obscure, in vitro studies suggest that many regions of the adult central nervous system potentially contain multipotent parenchymal progenitors. The aim of this review is to delineate the common regulative features underlying adult neurogenesis in the main neurogenic regions and in the striatum focusing on our recent data concerning the existence of local parenchymal progenitors in the caudate nucleus of the adult rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Luzzati
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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20
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Bovetti S, Peretto P, Fasolo A, De Marchis S. Spatio-temporal specification of olfactory bulb interneurons. J Mol Histol 2007; 38:563-9. [PMID: 17588153 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-007-9111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons are continuously generated throughout development and in adulthood, and are derived from different progenitor zones. Once integrated in the OB circuits, interneurons play essential roles in olfactory information processing by modulating the activity of major output neurons. These functions are performed by multiple classes of neurons that differ in their spatial distribution, morphology, neurochemical and synaptic properties. This diversity, and the continuous neurogenesis make the understanding of the specification mechanisms in the OB a challenging task. New studies suggest that both intrinsic and extrinsic cues are involved in fate determination of OB interneurons. In both development and adulthood the expression of specific transcription factors not only defines different progenitor regions but also precise interneuronal phenotypes. Here we discuss recent findings on the molecular mechanisms regulating production and diversity of OB interneurons with respect to the spatial and temporal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bovetti
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
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21
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De Marchis S, Bovetti S, Carletti B, Hsieh YC, Garzotto D, Peretto P, Fasolo A, Puche AC, Rossi F. Generation of distinct types of periglomerular olfactory bulb interneurons during development and in adult mice: implication for intrinsic properties of the subventricular zone progenitor population. J Neurosci 2007; 27:657-64. [PMID: 17234597 PMCID: PMC6672783 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2870-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle develops from residual progenitors of the embryonic lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) and maintains neurogenic activity throughout life. Precursors from LGE/SVZ migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate into local interneurons, principally in the granule layer and glomerular layer (GL). By in situ dye labeling, we show that neonatal and adult SVZ progenitors differentially contribute to neurochemically distinct types of periglomerular interneurons in the GL. Namely, calbindin-positive periglomerular cells are preferentially generated during early life, whereas calretinin- and tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neurons are mainly produced at later ages. Furthermore, homochronic/heterochronic transplantation demonstrates that progenitor cells isolated from the LGE or SVZ at different stages (embryonic day 15 and postnatal days 2 and 30) engraft into the SVZ of neonatal or adult mice, migrate to the OB, and differentiate into local interneurons, including granule and periglomerular cells as well as other types of interneurons. The total number of integrated cells and the relative proportion of granule or periglomerular neurons change, according to the donor age, whereas they are weakly influenced by the recipient age. Analysis of the neurochemical phenotypes acquired by transplanted cells in the GL shows that donor cells of different ages also differentiate according to their origin, regardless of the host age. This suggests that progenitor cells at different ontogenetic stages are intrinsically directed toward specific lineages. Neurogenic processes occurring during development and in adult OB are not equivalent and produce different types of periglomerular interneurons as a consequence of intrinsic properties of the SVZ progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, I-10123 Turin, Italy.
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22
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Abstract
Stem cells with the potential to give rise to new neurons reside in different regions of the adult rodents CNS, but in vivo only the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone-olfactory bulb system are neurogenic under physiological condition. Comparative analyses have shown that vast species differences exist in the way the mammalian brain is organized and in its neurogenic capacity. Accordingly, we have demonstrated recently that, in the adult rabbit brain, striking structural plasticity persists in several cortical and subcortical areas. Here, by using markers for immature and mature neuronal and glial cell types, endogenous and exogenously administered cell-proliferation markers, intraventricular cell tracer injections coupled to confocal analysis, three-dimensional reconstructions, and in vitro tissue cultures, we demonstrate the existence of newly formed neurons in the caudate nucleus of normal, untreated, adult rabbit. Our results suggest that neurogenesis in the caudate nucleus is a phenomenon independent from that occurring in the adjacent subventricular zone, mostly attributable to the activity of clusters of proliferating cells located within the parenchyma of this nucleus. These clusters originate chains of neuroblasts that ultimately differentiate into mature neurons, which represent only a small percentage of the total neuronal precursors. These results indicate that striatum of rabbit represents a favorable environment for genesis rather than survival of newly formed neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Luzzati
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
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23
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Giachino C, De Marchis S, Giampietro C, Parlato R, Perroteau I, Schütz G, Fasolo A, Peretto P. cAMP response element-binding protein regulates differentiation and survival of newborn neurons in the olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 2006; 25:10105-18. [PMID: 16267218 PMCID: PMC6725785 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3512-05.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is involved in multiple aspects of neuronal development and plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that CREB regulates specific phases of adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone/olfactory bulb (SVZ/OB) system. Combining immunohistochemistry with bromodeoxyuridine treatments, cell tracer injections, cell transplants, and quantitative analyses, we show that although CREB is expressed by the SVZ neuroblasts throughout the neurogenic process, its phosphorylation is transient and parallels neuronal differentiation, increasing during the late phase of tangential migration and decreasing after dendrite elongation and spine formation. In vitro, inhibition of CREB function impairs morphological differentiation of SVZ-derived neuroblasts. Transgenic mice lacking CREB, in a null CREM genetic background, show reduced survival of newborn neurons in the OB. This finding is further supported by peripheral afferent denervation experiments resulting in downregulation of CREB phosphorylation in neuroblasts, the survival of which appears heavily impaired. Together, these findings provide evidence that CREB regulates differentiation and survival of newborn neurons in the OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Giachino
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
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Bovetti S, De Marchis S, Gambarotta G, Fasolo A, Perroteau I, Puche AC, Bovolin P. Differential expression of neuregulins and their receptors in the olfactory bulb layers of the developing mouse. Brain Res 2006; 1077:37-47. [PMID: 16488402 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Revised: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs), and their cognate receptors (ErbBs), play essential roles in numerous aspects of neural development and adult synaptic plasticity. The goal of this study was to investigate the developmental expression profiles of these molecules during the olfactory bulb (OB) maturation. The OB is a highly organized structure with cell types and synaptic connections segregated into discrete anatomical layers. We employed a novel approach by combining single-layer microdissection at different development ages, with isoform-specific semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting to monitor layer-specific developmental profiles of these molecules and alternate splice variants. Layer and age specific regulation was observed for the ErbB4 splice variants JMa/JMb and NRG-1-beta1/beta2 forms. With the exception of the outermost (nerve) layer, ErbB4-JMb and NRG-1-beta1 are expressed throughout the OB and their expressions decrease in the adult age in most layers. In contrast both ErbB4-JMa and NRG-1-beta2 are highly expressed in the granule cell layer in the early postnatal OB. This early postnatal expression correlates with the dramatic change from radial glia to astrocytes and appearance of the bulk of granule cells occurring at this developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bovetti
- Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
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25
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Abstract
The presence of a germinal layer and the capacity to generate neurons, once thought restricted to the embryonic brain, persists in the forebrain of both postnatal and adult mammals. The two regions in which this phenomenon has been extensively demonstrated are the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the lateral ventricle subventricular zone (SVZ). SVZ-derived cells migrate along the rostral migratory stream into the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into local interneurons. In this study, using tracer injections into the SVZ at different postnatal ages, we investigated the occurrence of secondary migratory pathways in the mouse subcortical forebrain. During the course of the first week postnatal, in addition to the well-characterized rostral migratory stream, SVZ-derived progenitors migrate in a ventral migratory mass across the nucleus accumbens into the basal forebrain and along a ventrocaudal migratory stream originating at the elbow between the vertical and horizontal limbs of the rostral migratory stream. These cells give rise to granule neurons in the Islands of Calleja and olfactory tubercle pyramidal layer, respectively. In adult, a very small number of cells continue to migrate along the ventrocaudal migratory stream, whereas no migration was observed across the nucleus accumbens. These data demonstrate that in early postnatal and, to a minor extent in adult mice, SVZ-derived cells contribute new neurons to the subcortical forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Torino 10123, Italy
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