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Mercier O, Quilichini PP, Magalon K, Gil F, Ghestem A, Richard F, Boudier T, Cayre M, Durbec P. Transient demyelination causes long-term cognitive impairment, myelin alteration and network synchrony defects. Glia 2024; 72:960-981. [PMID: 38363046 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In the adult brain, activity-dependent myelin plasticity is required for proper learning and memory consolidation. Myelin loss, alteration, or even subtle structural modifications can therefore compromise the network activity, leading to functional impairment. In multiple sclerosis, spontaneous myelin repair process is possible, but it is heterogeneous among patients, sometimes leading to functional recovery, often more visible at the motor level than at the cognitive level. In cuprizone-treated mouse model, massive brain demyelination is followed by spontaneous and robust remyelination. However, reformed myelin, although functional, may not exhibit the same morphological characteristics as developmental myelin, which can have an impact on the activity of neural networks. In this context, we used the cuprizone-treated mouse model to analyze the structural, functional, and cognitive long-term effects of transient demyelination. Our results show that an episode of demyelination induces despite remyelination long-term cognitive impairment, such as deficits in spatial working memory, social memory, cognitive flexibility, and hyperactivity. These deficits were associated with a reduction in myelin content in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC), as well as structural myelin modifications, suggesting that the remyelination process may be imperfect in these structures. In vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that the demyelination episode altered the synchronization of HPC-mPFC activity, which is crucial for memory processes. Altogether, our data indicate that the myelin repair process following transient demyelination does not allow the complete recovery of the initial myelin properties in cortical structures. These subtle modifications alter network features, leading to prolonged cognitive deficits in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Mercier
- UMR7288 after IBDM, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale P Quilichini
- U1106 after INS, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Magalon
- UMR7288 after IBDM, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Florian Gil
- UMR7288 after IBDM, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Ghestem
- U1106 after INS, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Richard
- UMR7288 after IBDM, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Boudier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Myriam Cayre
- UMR7288 after IBDM, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Durbec
- UMR7288 after IBDM, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
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Teixeira SP, Nascimento IC, Grejo MP, Leite VG, Machado SR. The putative cannabinoid-secreting trichome of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae). Protoplasma 2024; 261:463-475. [PMID: 37999805 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Trema, a genus of the popularly known Cannabaceae, has recently been the subject of cannabinoid bioprospection. T. micrantha is a tree with pharmacological potential widely used in folk medicine. It has two types of glandular trichomes, bulbous and filiform, spread throughout the plant body. Considering the proximity of this species to Cannabis sativa and Trema orientalis, species containing cannabinoids, the glandular trichomes of T. micrantha are also expected to be related to the secretion of these compounds. Thus, this study aims to detail the morphology of secretory trichomes during the synthesis, storing and release of metabolites in T. micrantha. We tested the proposition that they could be a putative type of cannabinoid-secreting gland. Pistillate and staminate flowers and leaves were collected and processed for ontogenic, histochemical, and ultrastructural analyses. Both types of glandular trichomes originate from a protodermal cell. They are putative cannabinoid-secreting sites because: (1) terpene-phenols and, more specifically, cannabinoids were detected in situ; (2) their secretory subcellular apparatus is consistent with that found in C. sativa: modified plastids, polyribosomes, an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a moniliform smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Plastids and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are involved in the synthesis of terpenes, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum acts in the phenolic synthesis. These substances cross the plasma membrane by exocytosis and are released outside the trichome through cuticle pores. The study of the cell biology of the putative cannabinoid glands can promote the advancement of prospecting for natural products in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pádua Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Cristina Nascimento
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP14040-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Marina Priolo Grejo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências E Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Viviane Gonçalves Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP14040-903, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Do Jardim Botânico Do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Rodrigues Machado
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Insituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
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Fasano A, Fourmond V, Léger C. Outer-sphere effects on the O 2 sensitivity, catalytic bias and catalytic reversibility of hydrogenases. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5418-5433. [PMID: 38638217 PMCID: PMC11023054 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00691g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The comparison of homologous metalloenzymes, in which the same inorganic active site is surrounded by a variable protein matrix, has demonstrated that residues that are remote from the active site may have a great influence on catalytic properties. In this review, we summarise recent findings on the diverse molecular mechanisms by which the protein matrix may define the oxygen tolerance, catalytic directionality and catalytic reversibility of hydrogenases, enzymes that catalyse the oxidation and evolution of H2. These mechanisms involve residues in the second coordination sphere of the active site metal ion, more distant residues affecting protein flexibility through their side chains, residues lining the gas channel and even accessory subunits. Such long-distance effects, which contribute to making enzymes efficient, robust and different from one another, are a source of wonder for biochemists and a challenge for synthetic bioinorganic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fasano
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7281 Marseille France
| | - Vincent Fourmond
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7281 Marseille France
| | - Christophe Léger
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7281 Marseille France
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Payet T, Gabinaud E, Landrier JF, Mounien L. Role of micro-RNAs associated with adipose-derived extracellular vesicles in metabolic disorders. Obes Rev 2024:e13755. [PMID: 38622087 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Micro-RNAs have emerged as important actors in the onset of metabolic disorders including obesity or type 2 diabetes. Particularly, several micro-RNAs are known to be key modulators of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, or feeding behavior. Interestingly, the role of extracellular vesicles containing micro-RNAs, especially adipose-derived extracellular vesicles, are well-documented endocrine signals and disease biomarkers. However, the role of adipose-derived extracellular vesicles on the different tissues is different and highly related to the micro-RNA content. This review provides recent data about the potential involvement of adipose-derived extracellular vesicle-containing micro-RNAs in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Payet
- Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Elisa Gabinaud
- Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, CriBiom, Marseille, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, CriBiom, Marseille, France
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Cahill AE, Meglécz E, Chenuil A. Scientific history, biogeography, and biological traits predict presence of cryptic or overlooked species. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:546-561. [PMID: 38049930 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic data show that many nominal species are composed of more than one biological species, and thus contain cryptic species in the broad sense (including overlooked species). When ignored, cryptic species generate confusion which, beyond biodiversity or vulnerability underestimation, blurs our understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes and may impact the soundness of decisions in conservation or medicine. However, very few hypotheses have been tested about factors that predispose a taxon to contain cryptic or overlooked species. To fill this gap, we surveyed the literature on free-living marine metazoans and built two data sets, one of 187,603 nominal species and another of 83 classes or phyla, to test several hypotheses, correcting for sequence data availability, taxon size and phylogenetic relatedness. We found a strong effect of scientific history: the probability of a taxon containing cryptic species was highest for the earliest described species and varied among time periods potentially consistently with an influence of prevailing scientific theories. The probability of cryptic species being present was also increased for species with large distribution ranges. They were more frequent in the north polar and south polar zones, contradicting previous predictions of more cryptic species in the tropics, and supporting the hypothesis that many cryptic species diverged recently. The number of cryptic species varied among classes, with an excess in hydrozoans and polychaetes, and a deficit in actinopterygians, for example, but precise class ranking was relatively sensitive to the statistical model used. For all models, biological traits, rather than phylum, appeared responsible for the variation among classes: there were fewer cryptic species than expected in classes with hard skeletons (perhaps because they provide good characters for taxonomy) and image-forming vision (in which selection against heterospecific mating may enhance morphological divergence), and more in classes with internal fertilisation. We estimate that among marine free-living metazoans, several thousand additional cryptic species complexes could be identified as more sequence data become available. The factors identified as important for marine animal cryptic species are likely important for other biomes and taxa and should aid many areas in biology that rely on accurate species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Cahill
- Biology Department, Albion College, 611 East Porter St., Albion, MI, 49224, USA
| | - Emese Meglécz
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, Marseille, 13007, France
| | - Anne Chenuil
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, Marseille, 13007, France
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Al Dala Ali M, Longepied G, Nicolet A, Metzler-Guillemain C, Mitchell MJ. Spermatozoa in mice lacking the nucleoporin NUP210L show defects in head shape and motility but not in nuclear compaction or histone replacement. Clin Genet 2024; 105:364-375. [PMID: 38129135 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic loss-of-function mutation of NUP210L, encoding a testis-specific nucleoporin, has been reported in an infertile man whose spermatozoa show uncondensed heads and histone retention. Mice with a homozygous transgene intronic insertion in Nup210l were infertile but spermatozoa had condensed heads. Expression from this insertion allele is undefined, however, and residual NUP210L production could underlie the milder phenotype. To resolve this issue, we have created Nup210lem1Mjmm , a null allele of Nup210l, in the mouse. Nup210lem1Mjmm homozygotes show uniform mild anomalies of sperm head morphology and decreased motility, but nuclear compaction and histone removal appear unaffected. Thus, our mouse model does not support that NUP210L loss alone blocks spermatid nuclear compaction. Re-analyzing the patient's exome data, we identified a rare, potentially pathogenic, heterozygous variant in nucleoporin gene NUP153 (p.Pro485Leu), and showed that, in mouse and human, NUP210L and NUP153 colocalize at the caudal nuclear pole in elongating spermatids and spermatozoa. Unexpectedly, in round spermatids, NUP210L and NUP153 localisation differs between mouse (nucleoplasm) and human (nuclear periphery). Our data suggest two explanations for the increased phenotypic severity associated with NUP210L loss in human compared to mouse: a genetic variant in human NUP153 (p.Pro485Leu), and inter-species divergence in nuclear pore function in round spermatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Al Dala Ali
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, MMG, Marseille, France
- College of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Guy Longepied
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Aurore Nicolet
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Metzler-Guillemain
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, MMG, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, Pôle Femmes-Parents-Enfants, Centre Clinico-biologique AMP-CECOS, Marseille Cedex 5, France
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Marquine S, Durand GA, Modenesi G, Khouadhria S, Piorkowski G, Badaut C, Canivez T, De Lamballerie X, Grard G, Klitting R. Sequence Data From a Travel-Associated Case of Microcephaly Highlight a Persisting Risk due to Zika Virus Circulation in Thailand. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:443-447. [PMID: 37561039 PMCID: PMC10873171 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus has been circulating in Thailand since 2002 through continuous but likely low-level circulation. Here, we describe an infection in a pregnant woman who traveled to Thailand and South America during her pregnancy. By combining phylogenetic analysis with the patient's travel history and her pregnancy timeline, we confirmed that she likely got infected in Thailand at the end of 2021. This imported case of microcephaly highlights that Zika virus circulation in the country still constitutes a health risk, even in a year of lower incidence. MAIN POINTS Here we trace the origin of travel-acquired microcephaly to Thailand, providing additional evidence that pre-American lineages of Zika virus can harm the fetus and highlighting that Zika virus constitutes a health threat even in a year of lower incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Marquine
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume André Durand
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Badaut
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Canivez
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Gilda Grard
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Klitting
- Unité des Virus Émergents, Aix-Marseille Univ–IRD190–Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France
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Gahlot S, Schmitt JL, Chevalier A, Villa M, Roy M, Ceroni P, Lehn JM, Gingras M. "The Sulfur Dance" Around Arenes and Heteroarenes - the Reversible Nature of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions. Chemistry 2024:e202400231. [PMID: 38289151 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
We disclose the features of a category of reversible nucleophilic aromatic substitutions in view of their significance and generality in dynamic aromatic chemistry. Exchange of sulfur components surrounding arenes and heteroarenes may occur at 25 °C, in a process that one may call a "sulfur dance". These SN Ar systems present their own features, apart from common reversible reactions utilized in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC). By varying conditions, covalent dynamics may operate to provide libraries of thiaarenes with some selectivity, or conversion of a hexa(thio)benzene asterisk into another one. The reversible nature of SN Ar is confirmed by three methods: a convergence of the products distribution in reversible SN Ar systems, a related product redistribution between two per(thio)benzenes by using a thiolate promoter, and from kinetic/thermodynamic data. A four-component dynamic covalent system further illustrates the thermodynamically-driven formation of a thiacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine by sulfur component exchanges. This work stimulates the implementation of reversible SN Ar in aromatic chemistry and in DCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Gahlot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Schmitt
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Aline Chevalier
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marco Villa
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
- Department of Chemistry ("Giacomo Ciamician"), University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Myriam Roy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry ("Giacomo Ciamician"), University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marc Gingras
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
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Yin H, Rosas R, Viel S, Giorgi M, Monnier V, Charles L, Siri D, Gigmes D, Nassar Y, Chevallier F, Bucher C, Wang R, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Internal Dynamics and Modular Peripheral Binding in Stimuli-Responsive 3 : 2 Host:Guest Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315985. [PMID: 38009627 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Now that the chemistry of 1 : 1 host:guest complexes is well-established, it is surprising to note that higher stoichiometry (oligomeric) complexes, especially those with excess host, remain largely unexplored. Yet, proteins tend to oligomerize, affording new functions for cell machinery. Here, we show that cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) macrocycles combined with symmetric, linear di-viologens form unusual 3 : 2 host:guest complexes exhibiting remarkable dynamic properties, host self-sorting, and external ring-translocation. These results highlight the structural tunability of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) based 3 : 2 host:guest complexes in water and their responsiveness toward several stimuli (chemicals, pH, redox).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Roselyne Rosas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, AMUtech, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
| | - Valerie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
| | | | - Didier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, AMUtech, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, AMUtech, Marseille, France
| | - Youssef Nassar
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Floris Chevallier
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Haroun N, Bennour I, Seipelt E, Astier J, Sani L, Tardivel C, Svilar L, Martin JC, Mounien L, Landrier JF. Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency in Mice Sex-Dependently Affects Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Offspring. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300290. [PMID: 38010607 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is becoming a global issue and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) plasma levels have been linked to hepatic steatosis in adulthood. Nevertheless, the impact of maternal VDD on lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis remains poorly documented, especially under obesogenic condition. The goal of this study is to assess the effects of maternal VDD on hepatic lipid accumulation in adult offspring fed a normal or obesogenic diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Several approaches are implemented including histology and lipidomics on the liver in both males and females. No major impact of high-fat (HF) or VDD is observed at histological level in both males and females. Nevertheless, in males born from VDD mice and fed an HF diet, an increase of total lipids and modulation of the relative lipid species distribution characterized by a decrease of triglycerides and increase of phospholipids is observed. In female no major lipid profile is noticed. CONCLUSION Maternal VDD combined with a HF diet in male may predispose to hepatic hypertrophia, with a specific lipid profile. Such observations reinforce our knowledge of the impact of maternal VDD on hepatic programming in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Haroun
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Imene Bennour
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Eva Seipelt
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Léa Sani
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Catherine Tardivel
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- Biomet, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Ljubica Svilar
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- Biomet, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- Biomet, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- PhenoMARS, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
| | - Jean François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, 13000, France
- PhenoMARS, C2VN, CriBiom, Marseille, 13000, France
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11
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Kinsey EN, Korte C, Gouasmia S, L'Ollivier C, Dubey JP, Dumètre A, Darnault CJ. Detection, fate and transport of the biohazardous agent Toxoplasma gondii in soil water systems: Influence of soil physicochemical properties, water chemistry and surfactant. Environ Microbiol Rep 2023; 15:597-613. [PMID: 37740249 PMCID: PMC10667666 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to study the fate and transport of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soils as a function of soil physicochemical properties and soil water chemistry properties. Soil columns were homogeneously packed with loamy sand soils (Lewiston and Greenson series) and sandy loam soils (Sparta and Gilford series), and subject to hydrologic conditions characterized by the absence and presence of an anionic surfactant-Aerosol 22 in the artificial rainfall. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilized for the detection and enumeration of oocysts in soil leachates to evaluate their breakthrough and in soil matrices to examine their spatial distribution. Differences in the rate and extent of transport of oocysts were observed as a function of physical and chemical parameters tested. The breakthrough of oocysts was observed for all the soils irrespective of the presence of surfactant. However, in the absence of surfactant, the predominant fate of oocysts in soils subject to simulated rainfall was their retention in the soil profile. The presence of surfactant induced a change in the fate of oocysts in these soils exposed to rainfall simulation as the predominant fate of oocysts was found to be in the soil leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N. Kinsey
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth SciencesClemson UniversityAndersonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Caroline Korte
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth SciencesClemson UniversityAndersonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sohib Gouasmia
- Aix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
- IHU‐Méditerranée InfectionMarseilleFrance
| | - Coralie L'Ollivier
- Aix Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
- IHU‐Méditerranée InfectionMarseilleFrance
- AP‐HM, Parasitology LaboratoryTimone HospitalMarseilleFrance
| | - Jitender P. Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases LaboratoryBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterBeltsvilleMarylandUSA
| | | | - Christophe J.G. Darnault
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth SciencesClemson UniversityAndersonSouth CarolinaUSA
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12
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Dargham T, Mallick I, Kremer L, Santucci P, Canaan S. Intrabacterial lipid inclusion-associated proteins: a core machinery conserved from saprophyte Actinobacteria to the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2306-2323. [PMID: 37872001 PMCID: PMC10699116 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the aetiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), stores triacylglycerol (TAG) in the form of intrabacterial lipid inclusions (ILI) to survive and chronically persist within its host. These highly energetic molecules represent a major source of carbon to support bacterial persistence and reactivation, thus playing a leading role in TB pathogenesis. However, despite its physiological and clinical relevance, ILI metabolism in Mtb remains poorly understood. Recent discoveries have suggested that several ILI-associated proteins might be widely conserved across TAG-producing prokaryotes, but still very little is known regarding the nature and the biological functions of these proteins. Herein, we performed an in silico analysis of three independent ILI-associated proteomes previously reported to computationally define a potential core ILI-associated proteome, referred to as ILIome. Our investigation revealed the presence of 70 orthologous proteins that were strictly conserved, thereby defining a minimal ILIome core. We further narrowed our analysis to proteins involved in lipid metabolism and discuss here their putative biological functions, along with their molecular interactions and dynamics at the surface of these bacterial organelles. We also highlight the experimental limitations of the original proteomic investigations and of the present bioinformatic analysis, while describing new technological approaches and presenting biological perspectives in the field. The in silico investigation presented here aims at providing useful datasets that could constitute a scientific resource of broad interest for the mycobacterial community, with the ultimate goal of enlightening ILI metabolism in prokaryotes with a special emphasis on Mtb pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Dargham
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM UMR 7255, IMM FR3479, IM2BFrance
- IHU Méditerranée InfectionAix‐Marseille Univ.France
| | - Ivy Mallick
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM UMR 7255, IMM FR3479, IM2BFrance
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM)Université de MontpellierFrance
- INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de MontpellierFrance
| | - Pierre Santucci
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM UMR 7255, IMM FR3479, IM2BFrance
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM UMR 7255, IMM FR3479, IM2BFrance
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13
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Yadav R, Dupé FX, Takerkart S, Auzias G. Population-wise labeling of sulcal graphs using multi-graph matching. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293886. [PMID: 37943809 PMCID: PMC10635518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Population-wise matching of the cortical folds is necessary to compute statistics, a required step for e.g. identifying biomarkers of neurological or psychiatric disorders. The difficulty arises from the massive inter-individual variations in the morphology and spatial organization of the folds. The task is challenging both methodologically and conceptually. In the widely used registration-based techniques, these variations are considered as noise and the matching of folds is only implicit. Alternative approaches are based on the extraction and explicit identification of the cortical folds. In particular, representing cortical folding patterns as graphs of sulcal basins-termed sulcal graphs-enables to formalize the task as a graph-matching problem. In this paper, we propose to address the problem of sulcal graph matching directly at the population level using multi-graph matching techniques. First, we motivate the relevance of the multi-graph matching framework in this context. We then present a procedure for generating populations of artificial sulcal graphs, which allows us to benchmark several state-of-the-art multi-graph matching methods. Our results on both artificial and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of multi-graph matching techniques in obtaining a population-wise consistent labeling of cortical folds at the sulcal basin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Yadav
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Institut Marseille Imaging, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Informatique et Systèmes UMR 7020, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - François-Xavier Dupé
- Laboratoire d’Informatique et Systèmes UMR 7020, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Takerkart
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Tessier M, Garcia MS, Goubert E, Blasco E, Consumi A, Dehapiot B, Tian L, Molinari F, Laurin J, Guillemot F, Hübner CA, Pellegrino C, Rivera C. Bumetanide induces post-traumatic microglia-interneuron contact to promote neurogenesis and recovery. Brain 2023; 146:4247-4261. [PMID: 37082944 PMCID: PMC10545516 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) inhibitor bumetanide has prominent positive effects on the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders, the mechanism of action is obscure. Attention paid to elucidating the role of Nkcc1 has mainly been focused on neurons, but recent single cell mRNA sequencing analysis has demonstrated that the major cellular populations expressing NKCC1 in the cortex are non-neuronal. We used a combination of conditional transgenic animals, in vivo electrophysiology, two-photon imaging, cognitive behavioural tests and flow cytometry to investigate the role of Nkcc1 inhibition by bumetanide in a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). Here, we found that bumetanide rescues parvalbumin-positive interneurons by increasing interneuron-microglia contacts shortly after injury. The longitudinal phenotypic changes in microglia were significantly modified by bumetanide, including an increase in the expression of microglial-derived BDNF. These effects were accompanied by the prevention of CCI-induced decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis. Treatment with bumetanide during the first week post-CCI resulted in significant recovery of working and episodic memory as well as changes in theta band oscillations 1 month later. These results disclose a novel mechanism for the neuroprotective action of bumetanide mediated by an acceleration of microglial activation dynamics that leads to an increase in parvalbumin interneuron survival following CCI, possibly resulting from increased microglial BDNF expression and contact with interneurons. Salvage of interneurons may normalize ambient GABA, resulting in the preservation of adult neurogenesis processes as well as contributing to bumetanide-mediated improvement of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tessier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Marta Saez Garcia
- Neuroscience Center, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Edith Blasco
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | | | - Benoit Dehapiot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288, Turing Center for Living Systems, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Jerome Laurin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | | | - Christian A Hübner
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Claudio Rivera
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
- Neuroscience Center, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Ihme H, Courtet P, Risch N, Dubois J, Belzeaux R, Olié E. Mediation effect of anxious attachment on relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal ideation sensitive to psychological pain levels. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e79. [PMID: 37737057 PMCID: PMC10594339 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma (CT), depression, and psychological pain are known predictors of suicidal ideation. Recent literature additionally highlights the importance of the attachment system. METHODS We aimed to predict suicidal ideation through CT, attachment, and psychological and social pain by using mediation models aiming to predict suicidal ideation through CT (predictor) and attachment (mediator). In the same models, we introduced psychological or social pain as a moderator of the relationship between attachment, CT, and suicidal ideation. We included 161 depressed patients and assessed depression, attachment, CT, suicidal ideation, psychological pain, and social pain. RESULTS We found (1) a complete mediating effect of anxious attachment (a2b2 = 0.0035, CI95% = [0.0010; 0.0069]) on the relationship between CT on suicidal ideation, and (2) a significant complete conditional mediating effect of anxious attachment and psychological pain (index of moderated mediation VAS: 0.0014; CI95% = [0.0002; 0.0032]) but not social pain on the relationship between CT and suicidal ideation. Both models were controlled for history of suicidal attempt, depression severity, and sex. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a developmental profile of suicidal ideation in mood disorder that is characterized by the presence of CT and insecure attachment, especially anxious attachment, that is sensitive to experiences of psychological pain. Nevertheless, we cannot conclude that avoidantly attached individuals do not present the same mechanism, as they may not disclose those ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ihme
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- IGF,Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathan Risch
- IGF,Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Dubois
- IGF,Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Raoul Belzeaux
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Olié
- IGF,Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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16
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Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. The Diversity of Cucurbituril Molecular Switches and Shuttles. Chemistry 2023:e202302114. [PMID: 37725407 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Ring translocation switches and shuttles featuring a macrocycle (or a ring molecule) navigating between two or more stations continue to attract attention. While the vast majority of these systems are developed in organic solvents, the cucurbituril (CB) macrocycles are ideally suited to prepare such systems in water. Indeed, their stability and their relatively high affinity for relevant guest molecules are key attributes toward translating the progresses made in organic solvents, into water. This concept article summarizes the findings, key advances and multiple possibilities offered by CBs toward advanced molecular switches and shuttles in water.
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17
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Farr O, Gaudu N, Danger G, Russell MJ, Ferry D, Nitschke W, Duval S. Methanol on the rocks: green rust transformation promotes the oxidation of methane. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230386. [PMID: 37727071 PMCID: PMC10509593 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Shared coordination geometries between metal ions within reactive minerals and enzymatic metal cofactors hints at mechanistic and possibly evolutionary homology between particular abiotic chemical mineralogies and biological metabolism. The octahedral coordination of reactive Fe2+/3+ minerals such as green rusts, endemic to anoxic sediments and the early Earth's oceans, mirrors the di-iron reaction centre of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO), responsible for methane oxidation in methanotrophy. We show that methane oxidation occurs in tandem with the oxidation of green rust to lepidocrocite and magnetite, mimicking radical-mediated methane oxidation found in sMMO to yield not only methanol but also halogenated hydrocarbons in the presence of seawater. This naturally occurring geochemical pathway for CH4 oxidation elucidates a previously unidentified carbon cycling mechanism in modern and ancient environments and reveals clues into mineral-mediated reactions in the synthesis of organic compounds necessary for the emergence of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orion Farr
- CNRS, CINaM, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13009 Marseille, France
- CNRS, BIP (UMR 7281), Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Nil Gaudu
- CNRS, BIP (UMR 7281), Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Ferry
- CNRS, CINaM, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13009 Marseille, France
| | | | - Simon Duval
- CNRS, BIP (UMR 7281), Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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18
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Kandolo O, Cherrak Y, Filella-Merce I, Le Guenno H, Kosta A, Espinosa L, Santucci P, Verthuy C, Lebrun R, Nilges M, Pellarin R, Durand E. Acinetobacter type VI secretion system comprises a non-canonical membrane complex. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011687. [PMID: 37769028 PMCID: PMC10564176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A. baumannii can rapidly acquire new resistance mechanisms and persist on abiotic surface, enabling the colonization of asymptomatic human host. In Acinetobacter the type VI secretion system (T6SS) is involved in twitching, surface motility and is used for interbacterial competition allowing the bacteria to uptake DNA. A. baumannii possesses a T6SS that has been well studied for its regulation and specific activity, but little is known concerning its assembly and architecture. The T6SS nanomachine is built from three architectural sub-complexes. Unlike the baseplate (BP) and the tail-tube complex (TTC), which are inherited from bacteriophages, the membrane complex (MC) originates from bacteria. The MC is the most external part of the T6SS and, as such, is subjected to evolution and adaptation. One unanswered question on the MC is how such a gigantesque molecular edifice is inserted and crosses the bacterial cell envelope. The A. baumannii MC lacks an essential component, the TssJ lipoprotein, which anchors the MC to the outer membrane. In this work, we studied how A. baumannii compensates the absence of a TssJ. We have characterized for the first time the A. baumannii's specific T6SS MC, its unique characteristic, its membrane localization, and assembly dynamics. We also defined its composition, demonstrating that its biogenesis employs three Acinetobacter-specific envelope-associated proteins that define an intricate network leading to the assembly of a five-proteins membrane super-complex. Our data suggest that A. baumannii has divided the function of TssJ by (1) co-opting a new protein TsmK that stabilizes the MC and by (2) evolving a new domain in TssM for homo-oligomerization, a prerequisite to build the T6SS channel. We believe that the atypical species-specific features we report in this study will have profound implication in our understanding of the assembly and evolutionary diversity of different T6SSs, that warrants future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona Kandolo
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies and Biotechnologie (IM2B), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-UMR 7255, Marseille, France
| | - Yassine Cherrak
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies and Biotechnologie (IM2B), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-UMR 7255, Marseille, France
| | - Isaac Filella-Merce
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Le Guenno
- Microscopy Core Facility, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Artemis Kosta
- Microscopy Core Facility, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Leon Espinosa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (LCB), Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies and Biotechnologie (IM2B), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Santucci
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies and Biotechnologie (IM2B), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-UMR 7255, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Verthuy
- Proteomic Core Facility IMM, Marseille Protéomique (MaP), Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Régine Lebrun
- Proteomic Core Facility IMM, Marseille Protéomique (MaP), Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Michael Nilges
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Pellarin
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Paris, France
| | - Eric Durand
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies and Biotechnologie (IM2B), Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-UMR 7255, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies and Biotechnologie (IM2B), Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
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19
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Piris P, Buric D, Yamasaki T, Huchedé P, Rossi M, Matteudi M, Montero MP, Rodallec A, Appay R, Roux C, Combes S, Pasquier E, Castets M, André N, Brémond P, Carré M. Conditional generation of free radicals by selective activation of alkoxyamines: towards more effective and less toxic targeting of brain tumors. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7988-7998. [PMID: 37502321 PMCID: PMC10370576 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01315d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are an important cause of suffering and death. Glioblastoma are the most frequent primary tumors of the central nervous system in adults. They are associated with a very poor prognosis, since only 10% of GBM patients survive 5 years after diagnosis. Medulloblastoma are the most frequent brain malignancies in childhood; they affect the cerebellum in children under 10 years of age in 75% of cases. The current multimodal treatment comes at the expense of serious and often long-lasting side effects. Herein, we propose the synthesis of a library of novel alkoxyamines as anticancer drug candidates. The most efficient molecule, ALK4, was selected based on its ability to inhibit both survival and migration of GBM and MB cells in 2D cultures and in 3D tumor spheroids. A fluorescent derivative was used to show the early cytosolic accumulation of ALK4 in tumor cells. Spontaneous homolysis of ALK4 led to the release of alkyl radicals, which triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species, fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and ultimately apoptosis. To control its homolytic process, the selected alkoxyamine was bioconjugated to a peptide selectively recognized by matrix metalloproteases. This bioconjugate, named ALK4-MMPp, successfully inhibited survival, proliferation, and invasion of GBM and MB tumor micromasses. We further developed innovative brain and cerebellum organotypic models to monitor treatment response over time. It confirmed that ALK4-MMPp significantly impaired tumor progression, while no significant damage was observed on normal brain tissue. Lastly, we showed that ALK4-MMPp was well-tolerated in vivo by zebrafish embryos. This study provides a new strategy to control the activation of alkoxyamines, and revealed the bioconjugate ALK4-MMPp bioconjugate as a good anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Piris
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Duje Buric
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, CNRS UMR7273, Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des Sciences Marseille France
| | - Paul Huchedé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard Lyon France
| | - Maïlys Rossi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Mélanie Matteudi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Marie-Pierre Montero
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Anne Rodallec
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Romain Appay
- Service D'anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Hôpital de La Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM) Marseille France
| | - Christine Roux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Sébastien Combes
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
- DOSynth Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Eddy Pasquier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Marie Castets
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard Lyon France
| | - Nicolas André
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
- Service D'Hématologie & Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital de La Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM) Marseille France
| | - Paul Brémond
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
- DOSynth Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
| | - Manon Carré
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Institut Paoli Calmettes - Faculté de Pharmacie Marseille France
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20
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Hysenaj L, de Laval B, Arce-Gorvel V, Bosilkovski M, González-Espinoza G, Debroas G, Sieweke MH, Sarrazin S, Gorvel JP. CD150-dependent hematopoietic stem cell sensing of Brucella instructs myeloid commitment. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20210567. [PMID: 37067792 PMCID: PMC10114919 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
So far, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are considered the source of mature immune cells, the latter being the only ones capable of mounting an immune response. Recent evidence shows HSC can also directly sense cytokines released upon infection/inflammation and pathogen-associated molecular pattern interaction while keeping a long-term memory of previously encountered signals. Direct sensing of danger signals by HSC induces early myeloid commitment, increases myeloid effector cell numbers, and contributes to an efficient immune response. Here, by using specific genetic tools on both the host and pathogen sides, we show that HSC can directly sense B. abortus pathogenic bacteria within the bone marrow via the interaction of the cell surface protein CD150 with the bacterial outer membrane protein Omp25, inducing efficient functional commitment of HSC to the myeloid lineage. This is the first demonstration of direct recognition of a live pathogen by HSC via CD150, which attests to a very early contribution of HSC to immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiena Hysenaj
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bérengère de Laval
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Vilma Arce-Gorvel
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Mile Bosilkovski
- University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Gabriela González-Espinoza
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Guilhaume Debroas
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Michael H. Sieweke
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandrine Sarrazin
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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21
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Derdouri N, Ginet N, Denis Y, Ansaldi M, Battesti A. The prophage-encoded transcriptional regulator AppY has pleiotropic effects on E. coli physiology. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010672. [PMID: 36930675 PMCID: PMC10057817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial genome diversity is influenced by prophages, which are viral genomes integrated into the bacterial chromosome. Most prophage genes are silent but those that are expressed can provide unexpected properties to their host. Using as a model E. coli K-12 that carries 9 defective prophages in its genome, we aimed at highlighting the impact of genes encoded by prophages on host physiology. We focused our work on AppY, a transcriptional regulator encoded on the DLP12 prophage. By performing RNA-Seq experiments, we showed that AppY production modulates the expression of more than 200 genes. Among them, 11 were identified by ChIP-Seq as direct AppY targets. AppY directly and positively regulates several genes involved in the acid stress response including the master regulator gene gadE but also nhaR and gadY, two genes important for biofilm formation. Moreover, AppY indirectly and negatively impacts bacterial motility by favoring the degradation of FlhDC, the master regulator of the flagella biosynthesis. As a consequence of these regulatory effects, AppY increases acid stress resistance and biofilm formation while also causing a strong defect in motility. Our research shed light on the importance to consider the genetic interactions occurring between prophages and bacteria to fully understand bacterial physiology. It also highlights how a prophage-encoded transcriptional regulator integrates in a complex manner into the host regulatory network and how it benefits its host, allowing it to cope with changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoual Derdouri
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Ginet
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Denis
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Plateforme Transcriptome, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée-, Marseille, France
| | - Mireille Ansaldi
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélia Battesti
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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22
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Hammami F, Tichit L, Py B, Barras F, Mandin P, Remy E. Analysis of a logical regulatory network reveals how Fe-S cluster biogenesis is controlled in the face of stress. Microlife 2023; 4:uqad003. [PMID: 37223744 PMCID: PMC10117729 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are important cofactors conserved in all domains of life, yet their synthesis and stability are compromised in stressful conditions such as iron deprivation or oxidative stress. Two conserved machineries, Isc and Suf, assemble and transfer Fe-S clusters to client proteins. The model bacterium Escherichia coli possesses both Isc and Suf, and in this bacterium utilization of these machineries is under the control of a complex regulatory network. To better understand the dynamics behind Fe-S cluster biogenesis in E. coli, we here built a logical model describing its regulatory network. This model comprises three biological processes: 1) Fe-S cluster biogenesis, containing Isc and Suf, the carriers NfuA and ErpA, and the transcription factor IscR, the main regulator of Fe-S clusters homeostasis; 2) iron homeostasis, containing the free intracellular iron regulated by the iron sensing regulator Fur and the non-coding regulatory RNA RyhB involved in iron sparing; 3) oxidative stress, representing intracellular H2O2 accumulation, which activates OxyR, the regulator of catalases and peroxidases that decompose H2O2 and limit the rate of the Fenton reaction. Analysis of this comprehensive model reveals a modular structure that displays five different types of system behaviors depending on environmental conditions, and provides a better understanding on how oxidative stress and iron homeostasis combine and control Fe-S cluster biogenesis. Using the model, we were able to predict that an iscR mutant would present growth defects in iron starvation due to partial inability to build Fe-S clusters, and we validated this prediction experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Hammami
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (UMR7283), IMM, IM2B, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
- I2M, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Tichit
- I2M, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Py
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (UMR7283), IMM, IM2B, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, Université Paris‐Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, SAMe Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mandin
- Corresponding author. LCB, CNRS, Aix-Marseile University, 13009 Marseille, Tel: +33 4 91 16 46 39; E-mail:
| | - Elisabeth Remy
- Corresponding author. 12M, CNRS, Aix-Marseile University, 13009 Marseille, Tel: +33 4 91 26 95 65; E-mail:
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23
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Girard SD, Julien-Gau I, Molino Y, Combes BF, Greetham L, Khrestchatisky M, Nivet E. High and low permeability of human pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models depend on epithelial or endothelial features. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22770. [PMID: 36688807 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201422r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The search for reliable human blood-brain barrier (BBB) models represents a challenge for the development/testing of strategies aiming to enhance brain delivery of drugs. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have raised hopes in the development of predictive BBB models. Differentiating strategies are thus required to generate endothelial cells (ECs), a major component of the BBB. Several hiPSC-based protocols have reported the generation of in vitro models with significant differences in barrier properties. We studied in depth the properties of iPSCs byproducts from two protocols that have been established to yield these in vitro barrier models. Our analysis/study reveals that iPSCs derivatives endowed with EC features yield high permeability models while the cells that exhibit outstanding barrier properties show principally epithelial cell-like (EpC) features. We found that models containing EpC-like cells express tight junction proteins, transporters/efflux pumps and display a high functional tightness with very low permeability, which are features commonly shared between BBB and epithelial barriers. Our study demonstrates that hiPSC-based BBB models need extensive characterization beforehand and that a reliable human BBB model containing EC-like cells and displaying low permeability is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane D Girard
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Faculty of Medicine, VECT-HORUS SAS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Yves Molino
- Faculty of Medicine, VECT-HORUS SAS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Louise Greetham
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Khrestchatisky
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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24
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Loreau V, Rees R, Chan EH, Taxer W, Gregor K, Mußil B, Pitaval C, Luis NM, Mangeol P, Schnorrer F, Görlich D. A nanobody toolbox to investigate localisation and dynamics of Drosophila titins and other key sarcomeric proteins. eLife 2023; 12:79343. [PMID: 36645120 PMCID: PMC9886281 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring the positions and dynamics of proteins in intact tissues or whole animals is key to understanding protein function. However, to date, this is challenging, as the accessibility of large antibodies to dense tissues is often limited, and fluorescent proteins inserted close to a domain of interest may affect protein function. These complications apply in particular to muscle sarcomeres, arguably one of the most protein-dense assemblies in nature, which complicates studying sarcomere morphogenesis at molecular resolution. Here, we introduce a toolbox of nanobodies recognising various domains of the two Drosophila titin homologs, Sallimus and Projectin, as well as the key sarcomeric proteins Obscurin, α-Actinin, and Zasp52. We verified the superior labelling qualities of our nanobodies in muscle tissue as compared to antibodies. By applying our toolbox to larval muscles, we found a gigantic Sallimus isoform stretching more than 2 µm to bridge the sarcomeric I-band, while Projectin covers almost the entire myosin filaments in a polar orientation. Transgenic expression of tagged nanobodies confirmed their high affinity-binding without affecting target protein function. Finally, adding a degradation signal to anti-Sallimus nanobodies suggested that it is difficult to fully degrade Sallimus in mature sarcomeres; however, expression of these nanobodies caused developmental lethality. These results may inspire the generation of similar toolboxes for other large protein complexes in Drosophila or mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Loreau
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Renate Rees
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Eunice HoYee Chan
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Waltraud Taxer
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Kathrin Gregor
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Bianka Mußil
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Christophe Pitaval
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Pierre Mangeol
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
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25
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Schueder F, Mangeol P, Chan EH, Rees R, Schünemann J, Jungmann R, Görlich D, Schnorrer F. Nanobodies combined with DNA-PAINT super-resolution reveal a staggered titin nanoarchitecture in flight muscles. eLife 2023; 12:79344. [PMID: 36645127 PMCID: PMC9886278 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeres are the force-producing units of all striated muscles. Their nanoarchitecture critically depends on the large titin protein, which in vertebrates spans from the sarcomeric Z-disc to the M-band and hence links actin and myosin filaments stably together. This ensures sarcomeric integrity and determines the length of vertebrate sarcomeres. However, the instructive role of titins for sarcomeric architecture outside of vertebrates is not as well understood. Here, we used a series of nanobodies, the Drosophila titin nanobody toolbox, recognising specific domains of the two Drosophila titin homologs Sallimus and Projectin to determine their precise location in intact flight muscles. By combining nanobodies with DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy, we found that, similar to vertebrate titin, Sallimus bridges across the flight muscle I-band, whereas Projectin is located at the beginning of the A-band. Interestingly, the ends of both proteins overlap at the I-band/A-band border, revealing a staggered organisation of the two Drosophila titin homologs. This architecture may help to stably anchor Sallimus at the myosin filament and hence ensure efficient force transduction during flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schueder
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Pierre Mangeol
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Eunice HoYee Chan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Renate Rees
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Ralf Jungmann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
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26
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Chaminade T, Spatola N. Perceived facial happiness during conversation correlates with insular and hypothalamus activity for humans, not robots. Front Psychol 2022; 13:871676. [PMID: 36262453 PMCID: PMC9575595 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional contagion, in particular of happiness, is essential to creating social bonds. The somatic marker hypothesis posits that embodied physiological changes associated with emotions and relayed to the brain by the autonomous nervous system influence behavior. Perceiving others’ positive emotions should thus be associated with activity in brain regions relaying information from and to the autonomic nervous system. Here, we address this question using a unique corpus of brain activity recorded during unconstrained conversations between participants and a human or a humanoid robot. fMRI recordings are used to test whether activity in key brain regions of the autonomic system, the amygdala, hypothalamus, and insula, is differentially affected by the level of happiness expressed by the human and robot agents. Results indicate that for the hypothalamus and the insula, in particular the anterior agranular region strongly involved in processing social emotions, activity in the right hemisphere increases with the level of happiness expressed by the human but not the robot. Perceiving positive emotions in social interactions induces local brain responses predicted by the contagion of somatic markers of emotions only when the interacting agent is a fellow human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chaminade
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Thierry Chaminade,
| | - Nicolas Spatola
- Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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27
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Vergnes A, Henry C, Grassini G, Loiseau L, El Hajj S, Denis Y, Galinier A, Vertommen D, Aussel L, Ezraty B. Periplasmic oxidized-protein repair during copper stress in E. coli: A focus on the metallochaperone CusF. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010180. [PMID: 35816552 PMCID: PMC9302797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine residues are particularly sensitive to oxidation by reactive oxygen or chlorine species (ROS/RCS), leading to the appearance of methionine sulfoxide in proteins. This post-translational oxidation can be reversed by omnipresent protein repair pathways involving methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr). In the periplasm of Escherichia coli, the enzymatic system MsrPQ, whose expression is triggered by the RCS, controls the redox status of methionine residues. Here we report that MsrPQ synthesis is also induced by copper stress via the CusSR two-component system, and that MsrPQ plays a role in copper homeostasis by maintaining the activity of the copper efflux pump, CusCFBA. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggest the metallochaperone CusF is the substrate of MsrPQ and our study reveals that CusF methionines are redox sensitive and can be restored by MsrPQ. Thus, the evolution of a CusSR-dependent synthesis of MsrPQ allows conservation of copper homeostasis under aerobic conditions by maintenance of the reduced state of Met residues in copper-trafficking proteins. This study investigates the interconnection between the copper stress response and the methionine redox homeostasis in the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. We report that the copper-activation of the CusSR two-component system induces the expression of the genes encoding the periplasmic oxidized-protein repair system, MsrPQ. This repair system was shown to be crucial for CusCFBA copper efflux pump activity under aerobic conditions as it maintains the periplasmic component CusF in its functional reduced form. Methionine emerges as a critical residue in copper trafficking proteins. However, its high affinity for metals is counterbalanced by its high susceptibility to oxidation. Therefore, the induction of msrPQ by copper allows copper homeostasis under aerobic conditions, illustrating that E. coli has developed an integrated and dynamic circuit for sensing and counteracting stress caused by copper and oxidants, thus allowing bacteria to adapt to host cellular defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vergnes
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Henry
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Gaia Grassini
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Loiseau
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Sara El Hajj
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Denis
- Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Plate-forme Transcriptomique, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Galinier
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute, MASSPROT Platform, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Aussel
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Ezraty
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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28
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Vincent MS, Comas Hervada C, Sebban-Kreuzer C, Le Guenno H, Chabalier M, Kosta A, Guerlesquin F, Mignot T, McBride MJ, Cascales E, Doan T. Dynamic proton-dependent motors power type IX secretion and gliding motility in Flavobacterium. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001443. [PMID: 35333857 PMCID: PMC8986121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile bacteria usually rely on external apparatus like flagella for swimming or pili for twitching. By contrast, gliding bacteria do not rely on obvious surface appendages to move on solid surfaces. Flavobacterium johnsoniae and other bacteria in the Bacteroidetes phylum use adhesins whose movement on the cell surface supports motility. In F. johnsoniae, secretion and helicoidal motion of the main adhesin SprB are intimately linked and depend on the type IX secretion system (T9SS). Both processes necessitate the proton motive force (PMF), which is thought to fuel a molecular motor that comprises the GldL and GldM cytoplasmic membrane proteins. Here, we show that F. johnsoniae gliding motility is powered by the pH gradient component of the PMF. We further delineate the interaction network between the GldLM transmembrane helices (TMHs) and show that conserved glutamate residues in GldL TMH2 are essential for gliding motility, although having distinct roles in SprB secretion and motion. We then demonstrate that the PMF and GldL trigger conformational changes in the GldM periplasmic domain. We finally show that multiple GldLM complexes are distributed in the membrane, suggesting that a network of motors may be present to move SprB along a helical path on the cell surface. Altogether, our results provide evidence that GldL and GldM assemble dynamic membrane channels that use the proton gradient to power both T9SS-dependent secretion of SprB and its motion at the cell surface. Motile bacteria usually rely on external apparatus like flagella or pili, but gliding bacteria do not rely on obvious surface appendages for their movement. This study shows that bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes use proton-dependent motors to power protein secretion and gliding motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence S. Vincent
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR7255, Marseille, France
| | - Caterina Comas Hervada
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR7255, Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Sebban-Kreuzer
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR7255, Marseille, France
| | - Hugo Le Guenno
- Microscopy Core Facility, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Maïalène Chabalier
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR7255, Marseille, France
| | - Artemis Kosta
- Microscopy Core Facility, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Guerlesquin
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR7255, Marseille, France
| | - Tâm Mignot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR7283, Marseille, France
| | - Mark J. McBride
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric Cascales
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR7255, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (EC); (TD)
| | - Thierry Doan
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS UMR7255, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (EC); (TD)
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Abstract
To investigate altitude control in honeybees, an optical configuration was designed to manipulate or cancel the optic flow. It has been widely accepted that honeybees rely on the optic flow generated by the ground to control their altitude. Here, we create an optical configuration enabling a better understanding of the mechanism of altitude control in honeybees. This optical configuration aims to mimic some of the conditions that honeybees experience over a natural water body. An optical manipulation, based on a pair of opposed horizontal mirrors, was designed to remove any visual information coming from the floor and ceiling. Such an optical manipulation allowed us to get closer to the seminal experiment of Heran & Lindauer 1963. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie47, 39-55. (doi:10.1007/BF00342890). Our results confirmed that a reduction or an absence of ventral optic flow in honeybees leads to a loss in altitude, and eventually a collision with the floor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Constance Blary
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Romain Miot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
- XTIM SAS, 77 rue de Lyon, 13015 Marseille, France
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30
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Leclere NX, Sarlegna FR, Coello Y, Bourdin C. Gradual exposure to Coriolis force induces sensorimotor adaptation with no change in peripersonal space. Sci Rep 2022; 12:922. [PMID: 35042915 PMCID: PMC8766485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The space immediately surrounding the body is crucial for the organization of voluntary motor actions and seems to be functionally represented in the brain according to motor capacities. However, despite extensive research, little is known about how the representation of peripersonal space is adjusted to new action capacities. Abrupt exposure to a new force field has been shown to cause the representation of peripersonal space to shrink, possibly reflecting a conservative spatial strategy triggered by consciously-perceived motor errors. The present study assessed whether the representation of peripersonal space is influenced by gradual exposure of reaching movements to a new force field, produced by a stepwise acceleration of a rotating platform. We hypothesized that such gradual exposure would induce progressive sensorimotor adaptation to motor errors, albeit too small to be consciously perceived. In contrast, we hypothesized that reachability judgments, used as a proxy of peripersonal space representation, would not be significantly affected. Results showed that gradual exposure to Coriolis force produced a systematic after-effect on reaching movements but no significant change in reachability judgments. We speculate that the conscious experience of large motor errors may influence the updating of the representation of peripersonal space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Coello
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
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31
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Vielle C, Montanari C, Pelloux Y, Baunez C. Evidence for a vocal signature in the rat and its reinforcing effects: a key role for the subthalamic nucleus. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212260. [PMID: 34905707 PMCID: PMC8670952 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rodents have a well-structured vocal form of communication, like humans and non-human primates, there is, to date, no evidence for a vocal signature in the well-known 50- and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by rats. Here, we show that rats can recognize the identity of the USV emitter since they choose to preferentially self-administer playback of 50-kHz USVs emitted by a stranger rat over those of their cagemate. In a second experiment, we show that only stranger, but not familiar, 50-kHz USVs reduce cocaine self-administration. Finally, to study the neurobiological substrate of these processes, we have shown that subthalamic nucleus (STN)-lesioned rats did not lever press much for any USV playback, whatever their emotional valence, nor did they seem able to differentiate familiar from stranger peer. Advocating for the existence of a vocal signature in rats, these results highlight the importance of ultrasonic communication in the socio-affective influence of behaviour, such as the influence of proximal social factors on drug consumption and confirm the role of the STN on this influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Vielle
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289 CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Christian Montanari
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289 CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Yann Pelloux
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289 CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289 CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
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32
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Fourny N, Lan C, Bernard M, Desrois M. Male and Female Rats Have Different Physiological Response to High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet but Similar Myocardial Sensitivity to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Nutrients 2021; 13:2914. [PMID: 34578791 PMCID: PMC8472056 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications, but few studies explore sexual dimorphism in this context. Here, we aim to determine whether sex influences physiological response to high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFS) and myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Male and female Wistar rats were subjected to standard (CTRL) or HFS diet for 5 months. Then, ex-vivo experiments on isolated perfused heart model were performed to evaluate tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. HFS diet induced fasting hyperglycemia and increased body fat percent to a similar level in both sexes. However, glucose intolerance was more pronounced in female HFS. Cholesterol was increased only in female while male displayed higher level of plasmatic leptin. We observed increased heart weight to tibia length ratio only in males, but we showed a similar decrease in tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in female and male HFS compared with respective controls, characterized by impaired cardiac function, energy metabolism and coronary flow during reperfusion. In conclusion, as soon as glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia develop, we observe higher sensitivity of hearts to ischemia-reperfusion injury without difference between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Fourny
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM, 13005 Marseille, France; (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.)
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33
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Zhang X, Harding BW, Aggad D, Courtine D, Chen JX, Pujol N, Ewbank JJ. Antagonistic fungal enterotoxins intersect at multiple levels with host innate immune defences. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009600. [PMID: 34166401 PMCID: PMC8263066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals and plants need to defend themselves from pathogen attack. Their defences drive innovation in virulence mechanisms, leading to never-ending cycles of co-evolution in both hosts and pathogens. A full understanding of host immunity therefore requires examination of pathogen virulence strategies. Here, we take advantage of the well-studied innate immune system of Caenorhabditis elegans to dissect the action of two virulence factors from its natural fungal pathogen Drechmeria coniospora. We show that these two enterotoxins have strikingly different effects when expressed individually in the nematode epidermis. One is able to interfere with diverse aspects of host cell biology, altering vesicle trafficking and preventing the key STAT-like transcription factor STA-2 from activating defensive antimicrobial peptide gene expression. The second increases STA-2 levels in the nucleus, modifies the nucleolus, and, potentially as a consequence of a host surveillance mechanism, causes increased defence gene expression. Our results highlight the remarkably complex and potentially antagonistic mechanisms that come into play in the interaction between co-evolved hosts and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin W. Harding
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Dina Aggad
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Courtine
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | | | - Nathalie Pujol
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan J. Ewbank
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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34
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Giacoletto N, Dumur F. Recent Advances in bis-Chalcone-Based Photoinitiators of Polymerization: From Mechanistic Investigations to Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:3192. [PMID: 34073491 PMCID: PMC8199041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, photopolymerization has become an active research field, and the ongoing efforts to develop new photoinitiating systems are supported by the different applications in which this polymerization technique is involved-including dentistry, 3D and 4D printing, adhesives, and laser writing. In the search for new structures, bis-chalcones that combine two chalcones' moieties within a unique structure were determined as being promising photosensitizers to initiate both the free-radical polymerization of acrylates and the cationic polymerization of epoxides. In this review, an overview of the different bis-chalcones reported to date is provided. Parallel to the mechanistic investigations aiming at elucidating the polymerization mechanisms, bis-chalcones-based photoinitiating systems were used for different applications, which are detailed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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35
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Luciani L, Ninove L, Zandotti C, Nougairède A. COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences disrupt epidemiology of enterovirus meningitis, South-East France. J Med Virol 2021; 93:1929-1931. [PMID: 33482046 PMCID: PMC8014593 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Luciani
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix‐Marseille Univ‐IRD 190‐Inserm 1207‐Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Marseille‐IHU Méditerranée Infection)MarseilleFrance
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix‐Marseille Univ‐IRD 190‐Inserm 1207‐Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Marseille‐IHU Méditerranée Infection)MarseilleFrance
| | - Christine Zandotti
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix‐Marseille Univ‐IRD 190‐Inserm 1207‐Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Marseille‐IHU Méditerranée Infection)MarseilleFrance
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix‐Marseille Univ‐IRD 190‐Inserm 1207‐Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Marseille‐IHU Méditerranée Infection)MarseilleFrance
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36
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Boulant E, Cambon E, Vergalli J, Bernard R, Neulat-Ripoll F, Nolent F, Gorgé O, Girleanu M, Favier AL, Leonetti JP, Bolla JM. Tolerance engineering in Deinococcus geothermalis by heterologous efflux pumps. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4280. [PMID: 33608597 PMCID: PMC7896070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Producing industrially significant compounds with more environmentally friendly represents a challenging task. The large-scale production of an exogenous molecule in a host microfactory can quickly cause toxic effects, forcing the cell to inhibit production to survive. The key point to counter these toxic effects is to promote a gain of tolerance in the host, for instance, by inducing a constant flux of the neo-synthetized compound out of the producing cells. Efflux pumps are membrane proteins that constitute the most powerful mechanism to release molecules out of cells. We propose here a new biological model, Deinococcus geothermalis, organism known for its ability to survive hostile environment; with the aim of coupling the promising industrial potential of this species with that of heterologous efflux pumps to promote engineering tolerance. In this study, clones of D. geothermalis containing various genes encoding chromosomal heterologous efflux pumps were generated. Resistant recombinants were selected using antibiotic susceptibility tests to screen promising candidates. We then developed a method to determine the efflux efficiency of the best candidate, which contains the gene encoding the MdfA of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. We observe 1.6 times more compound in the external medium of the hit recombinant than that of the WT at early incubation time. The data presented here will contribute to better understanding of the parameters required for efficient production in D. geothermalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Boulant
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
- Deinove, Cap Sigma/ZAC Euromédecine II, Grabels, France
| | | | - Julia Vergalli
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Bernard
- Deinove, Cap Sigma/ZAC Euromédecine II, Grabels, France
- Vilmorin SA, Centre de Recherche de La Costière, Ledenon, France
| | - Fabienne Neulat-Ripoll
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Bactériologie, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Flora Nolent
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Bactériologie, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Olivier Gorgé
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Bactériologie, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Maria Girleanu
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Plateformes et Recherche Technologique, Unité Imagerie, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Anne-Laure Favier
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Plateformes et Recherche Technologique, Unité Imagerie, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Jean-Paul Leonetti
- Deinove, Cap Sigma/ZAC Euromédecine II, Grabels, France
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004-CNRS/UM, Montpellier, France
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37
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Kaya-Çopur A, Marchiano F, Hein MY, Alpern D, Russeil J, Luis NM, Mann M, Deplancke B, Habermann BH, Schnorrer F. The Hippo pathway controls myofibril assembly and muscle fiber growth by regulating sarcomeric gene expression. eLife 2021; 10:e63726. [PMID: 33404503 PMCID: PMC7815313 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are composed of gigantic cells called muscle fibers, packed with force-producing myofibrils. During development, the size of individual muscle fibers must dramatically enlarge to match with skeletal growth. How muscle growth is coordinated with growth of the contractile apparatus is not understood. Here, we use the large Drosophila flight muscles to mechanistically decipher how muscle fiber growth is controlled. We find that regulated activity of core members of the Hippo pathway is required to support flight muscle growth. Interestingly, we identify Dlg5 and Slmap as regulators of the STRIPAK phosphatase, which negatively regulates Hippo to enable post-mitotic muscle growth. Mechanistically, we show that the Hippo pathway controls timing and levels of sarcomeric gene expression during development and thus regulates the key components that physically mediate muscle growth. Since Dlg5, STRIPAK and the Hippo pathway are conserved a similar mechanism may contribute to muscle or cardiomyocyte growth in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Kaya-Çopur
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Fabio Marchiano
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Marco Y Hein
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Daniel Alpern
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
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38
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Billwiller F, Castillo L, Elseedy H, Ivanov AI, Scapula J, Ghestem A, Carponcy J, Libourel PA, Bras H, Abdelmeguid NE, Krook-Magnuson E, Soltesz I, Bernard C, Luppi PH, Esclapez M. GABA-glutamate supramammillary neurons control theta and gamma oscillations in the dentate gyrus during paradoxical (REM) sleep. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2643-2668. [PMID: 32970253 PMCID: PMC7674372 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that neurons from the lateral region of the SuM (SuML) innervating the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) display a dual GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission and are specifically activated during paradoxical (REM) sleep (PS). The objective of the present study is to characterize the anatomical, neurochemical and electrophysiological properties of the SuML-DG projection neurons and to determine how they control DG oscillations and neuronal activation during PS and other vigilance states. For this purpose, we combine structural connectivity techniques using neurotropic viral vectors (rabies virus, AAV), neurochemical anatomy (immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization) and imaging (light, electron and confocal microscopy) with in vitro (patch clamp) and in vivo (LFP, EEG) optogenetic and electrophysiological recordings performed in transgenic VGLUT2-cre male mice. At the cellular level, we show that the SuML-DG neurons co-release GABA and glutamate on dentate granule cells and increase the activity of a subset of DG granule cells. At the network level, we show that activation of the SuML-DG pathway increases theta power and frequency during PS as well as gamma power during PS and waking in the DG. At the behavioral level, we show that the activation of this pathway does not change animal behavior during PS, induces awakening during slow wave sleep and increases motor activity during waking. These results suggest that the SuML-DG pathway is capable of supporting the increase of theta and gamma power in the DG observed during PS and plays an important modulatory role of DG network activity during this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Billwiller
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Laura Castillo
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Heba Elseedy
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Anton Ivanovich Ivanov
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jennyfer Scapula
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Ghestem
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Carponcy
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Paul Antoine Libourel
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Hélène Bras
- CNRS, INT, Institut de Neurosciences Timone, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Christophe Bernard
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Monique Esclapez
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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Delmotte Q, Hamze M, Medina I, Buhler E, Zhang J, Belgacem YH, Porcher C. Smoothened receptor signaling regulates the developmental shift of GABA polarity in rat somatosensory cortex. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247700. [PMID: 32989040 PMCID: PMC7595691 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and its patched-smoothened receptor complex control a variety of functions in the developing central nervous system, such as neural cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, Shh signaling components have been found to be expressed at the synaptic level in the postnatal brain, suggesting a potential role in the regulation of synaptic transmission. Using in utero electroporation of constitutively active and negative-phenotype forms of the Shh signal transducer smoothened (Smo), we studied the role of Smo signaling in the development and maturation of GABAergic transmission in the somatosensory cortex. Our results show that enhancing Smo activity during development accelerates the shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA in a manner dependent on functional expression of potassium-chloride cotransporter type 2 (KCC2, also known as SLC12A5). On the other hand, blocking Smo activity maintains the GABA response in a depolarizing state in mature cortical neurons, resulting in altered chloride homeostasis and increased seizure susceptibility. This study reveals unexpected functions of Smo signaling in the regulation of chloride homeostasis, through control of KCC2 cell-surface stability, and the timing of the GABA excitatory-to-inhibitory shift in brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Delmotte
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Mira Hamze
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- Plateforme Post-Génomique, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Yesser H Belgacem
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273, Marseille, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité 1249, Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13273 Marseille, France
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40
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Idiart MI, Lahellec N, Suquet P. Model reduction by mean-field homogenization in viscoelastic composites. II. Application to rigidly reinforced solids. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200408. [PMID: 33223941 PMCID: PMC7655753 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mean-field homogenization scheme proposed by Lahellec & Suquet (2007 Int. J. Solids Struct. 44, 507-529 (doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.04.038)) and revisited in a companion paper (Idiart et al. 2020 Proc. R. Soc. A 20200407 (doi:10.1098/rspa.2020.0407)) is applied to random mixtures of a viscoelastic solid phase and a rigid phase. Two classes of mixtures with different microstructural arrangements are considered. In the first class the rigid phase is dispersed within the continuous viscoelastic phase in such a way that the elastic moduli of the mixture are given exactly by the Hashin-Shtrikman formalism. In the second class, both phases are intertwined in such a way that the elastic moduli of the mixture are given exactly by the Self-Consistent formalism. Results are reported for specimens subject to various complex deformation programmes. The scheme is found to improve on earlier approximations of common use and even recover exact results under several circumstances. However, it can also generate highly inaccurate predictions as a result of the loss of convexity of the free-energy density. An auspicious procedure to partially circumvent this issue is advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín I. Idiart
- Centro Tecnológico Aeroespacial/Departamento de Aeronáutica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Avda. 1 esq. 47, La Plata B1900TAG, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT La Plata, Calle 8 No 1467, La Plata B1904CMC, Argentina
| | - Noel Lahellec
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Suquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
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Courtine D, Provaznik J, Reboul J, Blanc G, Benes V, Ewbank JJ. Long-read only assembly of Drechmeria coniospora genomes reveals widespread chromosome plasticity and illustrates the limitations of current nanopore methods. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa099. [PMID: 32947622 PMCID: PMC7500977 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-read sequencing is increasingly being used to determine eukaryotic genomes. We used nanopore technology to generate chromosome-level assemblies for 3 different strains of Drechmeria coniospora, a nematophagous fungus used extensively in the study of innate immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS One natural geographical isolate demonstrated high stability over decades, whereas a second isolate not only had a profoundly altered genome structure but exhibited extensive instability. We conducted an in-depth analysis of sequence errors within the 3 genomes and established that even with state-of-the-art tools, nanopore methods alone are insufficient to generate eukaryotic genome sequences of sufficient accuracy to merit inclusion in public databases. CONCLUSIONS Although nanopore long-read sequencing is not accurate enough to produce publishable eukaryotic genomes, in our case, it has revealed new information about genome plasticity in D. coniospora and provided a backbone that will permit future detailed study to characterize gene evolution in this important model fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Courtine
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jan Provaznik
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), GeneCore, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jerome Reboul
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Blanc
- Aix-Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), GeneCore, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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42
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Islam ST, Vergara Alvarez I, Saïdi F, Guiseppi A, Vinogradov E, Sharma G, Espinosa L, Morrone C, Brasseur G, Guillemot JF, Benarouche A, Bridot JL, Ravicoularamin G, Cagna A, Gauthier C, Singer M, Fierobe HP, Mignot T, Mauriello EMF. Modulation of bacterial multicellularity via spatio-specific polysaccharide secretion. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000728. [PMID: 32516311 PMCID: PMC7310880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multicellularity is a key evolutionary transition allowing for differentiation of physiological functions across a cell population that confers survival benefits; among unicellular bacteria, this can lead to complex developmental behaviors and the formation of higher-order community structures. Herein, we demonstrate that in the social δ-proteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus, the secretion of a novel biosurfactant polysaccharide (BPS) is spatially modulated within communities, mediating swarm migration as well as the formation of multicellular swarm biofilms and fruiting bodies. BPS is a type IV pilus (T4P)-inhibited acidic polymer built of randomly acetylated β-linked tetrasaccharide repeats. Both BPS and exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by dedicated Wzx/Wzy-dependent polysaccharide-assembly pathways distinct from that responsible for spore-coat assembly. While EPS is preferentially produced at the lower-density swarm periphery, BPS production is favored in the higher-density swarm interior; this is consistent with the former being known to stimulate T4P retraction needed for community expansion and a function for the latter in promoting initial cell dispersal. Together, these data reveal the central role of secreted polysaccharides in the intricate behaviors coordinating bacterial multicellularity. A study of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus reveals that the bacteria preferentially secrete specific polysaccharides within distinct zones of a swarm to facilitate spreading across a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim T. Islam
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (STI); (EMFM)
| | - Israel Vergara Alvarez
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Fares Saïdi
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Annick Guiseppi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Leon Espinosa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Castrese Morrone
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Gael Brasseur
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Gokulakrishnan Ravicoularamin
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Cagna
- Teclis Scientific, Civrieux d’Azergue, France
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Armand Frappier Health & Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Institut Pasteur International Network, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mitchell Singer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California–Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Henri-Pierre Fierobe
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Tâm Mignot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Emilia M. F. Mauriello
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS–Université Aix-Marseille UMR, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (STI); (EMFM)
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Alomairi J, Molitor AM, Sadouni N, Hussain S, Torres M, Saadi W, Dao LTM, Charbonnier G, Santiago-Algarra D, Andrau JC, Puthier D, Sexton T, Spicuglia S. Integration of high-throughput reporter assays identify a critical enhancer of the Ikzf1 gene. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233191. [PMID: 32453736 PMCID: PMC7250416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ikzf1 locus encodes the lymphoid specific transcription factor Ikaros, which plays an essential role in both T and B cell differentiation, while deregulation or mutation of IKZF1/Ikzf1 is involved in leukemia. Tissue-specific and cell identity genes are usually associated with clusters of enhancers, also called super-enhancers, which are believed to ensure proper regulation of gene expression throughout cell development and differentiation. Several potential regulatory regions have been identified in close proximity of Ikzf1, however, the full extent of the regulatory landscape of the Ikzf1 locus is not yet established. In this study, we combined epigenomics and transcription factor binding along with high-throughput enhancer assay and 4C-seq to prioritize an enhancer element located 120 kb upstream of the Ikzf1 gene. We found that deletion of the E120 enhancer resulted in a significant reduction of Ikzf1 mRNA. However, the epigenetic landscape and 3D topology of the locus were only slightly affected, highlighting the complexity of the regulatory landscape regulating the Ikzf1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaafar Alomairi
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Anne M. Molitor
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nori Sadouni
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Saadat Hussain
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Torres
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Wiam Saadi
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Lan T. M. Dao
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Charbonnier
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - David Santiago-Algarra
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Christophe Andrau
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Tom Sexton
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
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Noirbent G, Xu Y, Bonardi AH, Duval S, Gigmes D, Lalevée J, Dumur F. New Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts as Visible and Near Infrared Light Polymerization Photoinitiators. Molecules 2020; 25:E2317. [PMID: 32429126 PMCID: PMC7287840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization photoinitiators that can be activated under low light intensity and in the visible range are being pursued by both the academic and industrial communities. To efficiently harvest light and initiate a polymerization process, dyes with high molar extinction coefficients in the visible range are ideal candidates. In this field, Donor-acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASA) which belong to a class of recently discovered organic photochromic molecules still lack practical applications. In this work, a series of DASA-based dyes are proposed as photoinitiators for the free radical polymerization of (meth)acrylates upon exposure to a near infrared light (laser diode at 785 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Noirbent
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France; (G.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (Y.X.); (A.-H.B.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Aude-Héloise Bonardi
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (Y.X.); (A.-H.B.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Duval
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181—UCCS—Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France; (G.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (Y.X.); (A.-H.B.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France; (G.N.); (D.G.)
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Moisset C, Verrone RN, Bourgade A, Zeweldi GT, Minissale M, Gallais L, Perrin-Pellegrino C, Akhouayri H, Lumeau J, Natoli JY, Iliopoulos K. Giant ultrafast optical nonlinearities of annealed Sb 2Te 3 layers. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:1427-1430. [PMID: 36132322 PMCID: PMC9418777 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00796b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of thin Sb2Te3 films in order to obtain giant ultrafast optical nonlinearities is reported. The ultrafast nonlinearities of the thin film layers are studied by the Z-scan technique. Giant saturable absorption is obtained, which is the highest ever reported, by means of the Z-scan technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Moisset
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | | | - Antoine Bourgade
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | | | | | - Laurent Gallais
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | | | - Hassan Akhouayri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | - Julien Lumeau
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | - Jean-Yves Natoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
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Bonnet M, Guiraudie-Capraz G, Marqueste T, Garcia S, Jaloux C, Decherchi P, Féron F. Immediate or Delayed Transplantation of a Vein Conduit Filled with Nasal Olfactory Stem Cells Improves Locomotion and Axogenesis in Rats after a Peroneal Nerve Loss of Substance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2670. [PMID: 32290426 PMCID: PMC7215801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the recent years, several methods have been experienced to repair injured peripheral nerves. Among investigated strategies, the use of natural or synthetic conduits was validated for clinical application. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of vein guides, transplanted immediately or two weeks after a peroneal nerve injury and filled with olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (OEMSC). Rats were randomly allocated to five groups. A3 mm peroneal nerve loss was bridged, acutely or chronically, with a 1 cm long femoral vein and with/without OEMSCs. These four groups were compared to unoperated rats (Control group). OEMSCs were purified from male olfactory mucosae and grafted into female hosts. Three months after surgery, nerve repair was analyzed by measuring locomotor function, mechanical muscle properties, muscle mass, axon number, and myelination. We observed that stem cells significantly (i) increased locomotor recovery, (ii) partially maintained the contractile phenotype of the target muscle, and (iii) augmented the number of growing axons. OEMSCs remained in the nerve and did not migrate in other organs. These results open the way for a phase I/IIa clinical trial based on the autologous engraftment of OEMSCs in patients with a nerve injury, especially those with neglected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Institut de Neuropathophysiologie, Equipe Nasal Olfactory Stemness and Epigenesis (NOSE), CEDEX 15, F-13344 Marseille, France
| | - Gaëlle Guiraudie-Capraz
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Institut de Neuropathophysiologie, Equipe Nasal Olfactory Stemness and Epigenesis (NOSE), CEDEX 15, F-13344 Marseille, France
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Garcia
- APHM, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Nord, Chemin des Bourrely, CEDEX 20, F-13915 Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Jaloux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Institut de Neuropathophysiologie, Equipe Nasal Olfactory Stemness and Epigenesis (NOSE), CEDEX 15, F-13344 Marseille, France
- APHM, Unité de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital de la Conception, F-13006 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Institut de Neuropathophysiologie, Equipe Nasal Olfactory Stemness and Epigenesis (NOSE), CEDEX 15, F-13344 Marseille, France
- APHM, Unité de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital de la Conception, F-13006 Marseille, France
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47
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Genovese S, Clément R, Gaultier C, Besse F, Narbonne-Reveau K, Daian F, Foppolo S, Luis NM, Maurange C. Coopted temporal patterning governs cellular hierarchy, heterogeneity and metabolism in Drosophila neuroblast tumors. eLife 2019; 8:e50375. [PMID: 31566561 PMCID: PMC6791719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still unclear what drives progression of childhood tumors. During Drosophila larval development, asymmetrically-dividing neural stem cells, called neuroblasts, progress through an intrinsic temporal patterning program that ensures cessation of divisions before adulthood. We previously showed that temporal patterning also delineates an early developmental window during which neuroblasts are susceptible to tumor initiation (Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2016). Using single-cell transcriptomics, clonal analysis and numerical modeling, we now identify a network of twenty larval temporal patterning genes that are redeployed within neuroblast tumors to trigger a robust hierarchical division scheme that perpetuates growth while inducing predictable cell heterogeneity. Along the hierarchy, temporal patterning genes define a differentiation trajectory that regulates glucose metabolism genes to determine the proliferative properties of tumor cells. Thus, partial redeployment of the temporal patterning program encoded in the cell of origin may govern the hierarchy, heterogeneity and growth properties of neural tumors with a developmental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Genovese
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerMarseilleFrance
| | - Raphaël Clément
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerMarseilleFrance
| | - Cassandra Gaultier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerMarseilleFrance
| | - Florence Besse
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie ValroseNiceFrance
| | | | - Fabrice Daian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerMarseilleFrance
| | - Sophie Foppolo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerMarseilleFrance
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerMarseilleFrance
| | - Cédric Maurange
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le CancerMarseilleFrance
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48
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Pigot C, Noirbent G, Bui TT, Péralta S, Gigmes D, Nechab M, Dumur F. Push-Pull Chromophores Based on the Naphthalene Scaffold: Potential Candidates for Optoelectronic Applications. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E1342. [PMID: 31022992 PMCID: PMC6515425 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of ten push-pull chromophores comprising 1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene-1,3(2H)-dione as the electron-withdrawing group have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculations. The solvatochromic behavior of the different dyes has been examined in 23 solvents and a positive solvatochromism has been found for all dyes using the Kamlet-Taft solvatochromic relationship, demonstrating the polar form to be stabilized in polar solvents. To establish the interest of this polyaromatic electron acceptor only synthesizable in a multistep procedure, a comparison with the analog series based on the benchmark indane-1,3-dione (1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione) has been done. A significant red-shift of the intramolecular charge transfer band has been found for all dyes, at a comparable electron-donating group. Parallel to the examination of the photophysical properties of the different chromophores, a major improvement of the synthetic procedure giving access to 1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene-1,3(2H)-dione has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Pigot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
| | | | - Thanh-Tuân Bui
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Université de Cergy Pontoise, 5 mail Gay Lussac, F-95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France.
| | - Sébastien Péralta
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Université de Cergy Pontoise, 5 mail Gay Lussac, F-95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France.
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Malek Nechab
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
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49
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Polanowska J, Chen JX, Soulé J, Omi S, Belougne J, Taffoni C, Pujol N, Selbach M, Zugasti O, Ewbank JJ. Evolutionary plasticity in the innate immune function of Akirin. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007494. [PMID: 30036395 PMCID: PMC6072134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression requires the coordinated action of transcription factors, chromatin remodelling complexes and RNA polymerase. The conserved nuclear protein Akirin plays a central role in immune gene expression in insects and mammals, linking the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex with the transcription factor NFκB. Although nematodes lack NFκB, Akirin is also indispensable for the expression of defence genes in the epidermis of Caenorhabditis elegans following natural fungal infection. Through a combination of reverse genetics and biochemistry, we discovered that in C. elegans Akirin has conserved its role of bridging chromatin-remodellers and transcription factors, but that the identity of its functional partners is different since it forms a physical complex with NuRD proteins and the POU-class transcription factor CEH-18. In addition to providing a substantial step forward in our understanding of innate immune gene regulation in C. elegans, our results give insight into the molecular evolution of lineage-specific signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Xuan Chen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Soulé
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Shizue Omi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | | | - Clara Taffoni
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Pujol
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Matthias Selbach
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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50
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Spletter ML, Barz C, Yeroslaviz A, Zhang X, Lemke SB, Bonnard A, Brunner E, Cardone G, Basler K, Habermann BH, Schnorrer F. A transcriptomics resource reveals a transcriptional transition during ordered sarcomere morphogenesis in flight muscle. eLife 2018; 7:34058. [PMID: 29846170 PMCID: PMC6005683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscles organise pseudo-crystalline arrays of actin, myosin and titin filaments to build force-producing sarcomeres. To study sarcomerogenesis, we have generated a transcriptomics resource of developing Drosophila flight muscles and identified 40 distinct expression profile clusters. Strikingly, most sarcomeric components group in two clusters, which are strongly induced after all myofibrils have been assembled, indicating a transcriptional transition during myofibrillogenesis. Following myofibril assembly, many short sarcomeres are added to each myofibril. Subsequently, all sarcomeres mature, reaching 1.5 µm diameter and 3.2 µm length and acquiring stretch-sensitivity. The efficient induction of the transcriptional transition during myofibrillogenesis, including the transcriptional boost of sarcomeric components, requires in part the transcriptional regulator Spalt major. As a consequence of Spalt knock-down, sarcomere maturation is defective and fibers fail to gain stretch-sensitivity. Together, this defines an ordered sarcomere morphogenesis process under precise transcriptional control - a concept that may also apply to vertebrate muscle or heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Spletter
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Biomedical Center, Physiological ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany
| | - Christiane Barz
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Computational Biology GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Xu Zhang
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityGuangdongChina
| | - Sandra B Lemke
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Adrien Bonnard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGCMarseilleFrance
| | - Erich Brunner
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giovanni Cardone
- Imaging FacilityMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Computational Biology GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGCMarseilleFrance
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
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