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Kim SH, Choi PK, Lee YB, Kim TS, Jo MS, Lee SY, Min HW, Yoon JB. An experimental and numerical study on adhesion force at the nanoscale. Nanoscale Adv 2024; 6:2013-2025. [PMID: 38633052 PMCID: PMC11019507 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion has attracted great interest in science and engineering especially in the field pertaining to nano-science because every form of physical contact is fundamentally a macroscopic observation of interactions between nano-asperities under the adhesion phenomenon. Despite its importance, no practical adhesion prediction model has been developed due to the complexity of examining contact between nano-asperities. Here, we scrutinized the contact phenomenon and developed a contact model, reflecting the physical sequence in which adhesion develops. For the first time ever, our model analyzes the adhesion force and contact properties, such as separation distance, contact location, actual contact area, and the physical deformation of the asperities, between rough surfaces. Through experiments using atomic force microscopy, we demonstrated a low absolute percentage error of 2.8% and 6.55% between the experimental and derived data for Si-Si and Mo-Mo contacts, respectively, and proved the accuracy and practicality of our model in the analysis of the adhesion phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 1, Samsungjeonja-ro Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 18448 Republic of Korea
| | - Pan-Kyu Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 1, Samsungjeonja-ro Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 18448 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Soo Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Min
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 1, Samsungjeonja-ro Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 18448 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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Daniel SK, Sullivan KM, Dickerson LK, van den Bijgaart RJE, Utria AF, Labadie KP, Kenerson HL, Jiang X, Smythe KS, Campbell JS, Pierce RH, Kim TS, Riehle KJ, Yeung RS, Carter JA, Barry KC, Pillarisetty VG. Reversing immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment of fibrolamellar carcinoma via PD-1 and IL-10 blockade. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5109. [PMID: 38429349 PMCID: PMC10907637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver tumor driven by the DNAJ-PKAc fusion protein that affects healthy young patients. Little is known about the immune response to FLC, limiting rational design of immunotherapy. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiling were performed to characterize the FLC tumor immune microenvironment and adjacent non-tumor liver (NTL). Flow cytometry and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing were performed to determine the phenotype of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the extent of T cell clonal expansion. Fresh human FLC tumor slice cultures (TSCs) were treated with antibodies blocking programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), with results measured by cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. Immune cells were concentrated in fibrous stromal bands, rather than in the carcinoma cell compartment. In FLC, T cells demonstrated decreased activation and regulatory T cells in FLC had more frequent expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 than in NTL. Furthermore, T cells had relatively low levels of clonal expansion despite high TCR conservation across individuals. Combination PD-1 and IL-10 blockade signficantly increased cell death in human FLC TSCs. Immunosuppresion in the FLC tumor microenvironment is characterized by T cell exclusion and exhaustion, which may be reversible with combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - L K Dickerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - R J E van den Bijgaart
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A F Utria
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - H L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - X Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K S Smythe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J S Campbell
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R H Pierce
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K J Riehle
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - R S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - J A Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K C Barry
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - V G Pillarisetty
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Park JH, Kim TS, Jo HJ, Lee CM, Lee M, Kang CK, Choe PG, Park WB, Kim NJ. Reduction of blood culture contamination rates through simplified personal protective equipment in COVID-19 patient care setting. J Hosp Infect 2024:S0195-6701(24)00033-1. [PMID: 38309667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P G Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - W B Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Jo MS, Choi KW, Yoo JY, Kim BJ, Yang JS, Chung MK, Kim TS, Yoon JB. Ultrathin Serpentine Insulation Layer Architecture for Ultralow Power Gas Sensor. Small 2024; 20:e2304555. [PMID: 37649204 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Toxic gases have surreptitiously influenced the health and environment of contemporary society with their odorless/colorless characteristics. As a result, a pressing need for reliable and portable gas-sensing devices has continuously increased. However, with their negligence to efficiently microstructure their bulky supportive layer on which the sensing and heating materials are located, previous semiconductor metal-oxide gas sensors have been unable to fully enhance their power efficiency, a critical factor in power-stringent portable devices. Herein, an ultrathin insulation layer with a unique serpentine architecture is proposed for the development of a power-efficient gas sensor, consuming only 2.3 mW with an operating temperature of 300 °C (≈6% of the leading commercial product). Utilizing a mechanically robust serpentine design, this work presents a fully suspended standalone device with a supportive layer thickness of only ≈50 nm. The developed gas sensor shows excellent mechanical durability, operating over 10 000 on/off cycles and ≈2 years of life expectancy under continuous operation. The gas sensor detected carbon monoxide concentrations from 30 to 1 ppm with an average response time of ≈15 s and distinguishable sensitivity to 1 ppm (ΔR/R0 = 5%). The mass-producible fabrication and heating efficiency presented here provide an exemplary platform for diverse power-efficient-related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 1, Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Soon Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Kun Chung
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Soo Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Ham J, Kang HR, Bae YS, Kim T, Kim HY. JAK3 inhibitor suppresses multipotent ILC2s and attenuates steroid-resistant asthma. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi3770. [PMID: 38117887 PMCID: PMC10732531 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are the standard treatment for allergic airway inflammation in asthma, but steroid-refractory asthma poses a challenge. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), such as T helper 2 (TH2) cells, produce key asthma-related type 2 cytokines. Recent insights from mouse and human studies indicate a potential connection between ILC2s and steroid-resistant asthma. Here, we highlight that lung ILC2s, rather than TH2 cells, can develop steroid resistance, allowing them to persist and maintain their disease-driving activity even during steroid treatment. The emergence of multipotent IL-5+IL-13+IL-17A+ ILC2s is associated with steroid-resistant ILC2s. The Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, 5, and 6 pathways contribute to the acquisition of steroid-resistant ILC2s. The JAK3 inhibitor reduces ILC2 survival, proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro and ameliorates ILC2-driven Alternaria-induced asthma. Furthermore, combining a JAK3 inhibitor with steroids results in the inhibition of steroid-resistant asthma. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for addressing this challenging condition in chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongho Ham
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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Jang Y, Kim T, Kim D. Clinical and radiological outcomes between superior capsule reconstruction using allografts or xenografts: a 2-year retrospective comparison study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023:S1058-2746(23)00859-5. [PMID: 38110113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating symptomatic, massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears remains challenging and controversial. Superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) using the tensor fascia lata has shown promising clinical results; however, due to donor site morbidity, interest in SCR using other grafts has increased. Yet, no studies have compared allografts with xenografts. In addition, the clinical results of graft tears remain controversial. This study compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of SCR between those with allografts and xenografts. METHODS Sixty-seven patients who had undergone SCR with allografts or xenografts between January 2016 and December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Furthermore, 62 patients were evaluated 2 years postsurgery, with five patients excluded due to loss to follow-up or conversion to reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, and visual analog scale scores, range of motion, and radiological outcomes were evaluated before the surgery and at 6 and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS The graft tear rate was 23.08% in the allograft group and 42.86% in the xenograft group at 6 months after surgery; at 2 years postsurgery, the gap further widened to 32.43% and 64%, respectively, showing a significant difference. The graft in the allograft group was thicker than that in the xenograft group, and there were significant differences on the humeral side and in the midsubstance area. The allograft group showed significantly better visual analog scale, Constant, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores than the xenograft group 2 years postsurgery. However, the difference in clinical outcomes between the two groups did not surpass minimal clinically important differences. CONCLUSION Although arthroscopic SCR using xenografts had significantly lower clinical outcome than allografts, this difference did not reach minimal clinically important differences. Arthroscopic SCR using xenografts showed higher graft tear rates than allografts. Even with partial tears, better results were obtained if the graft continuity was maintained. Additionally, after surgery, the xenograft showed less thickness than the allograft and resulted in more tears, specifically in the midsubstance area.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungHwan Jang
- Department of and Orthopedic Surgery, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University of Korea, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Institute of Sports Science and Exercise Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of and Orthopedic Surgery, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University of Korea, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - DooSup Kim
- Department of and Orthopedic Surgery, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University of Korea, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Yonsei Institute of Sports Science and Exercise Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Han Y, Lin R, Wang XY, Kim T. Enhancing performance and sustainability of ultra-high-performance concrete through solid calcium carbonate precipitation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28072-0. [PMID: 37277586 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) exhibits high compressive strength and good durability. However, owing to the dense microstructure of UHPC, carbonation curing cannot be performed to capture and sequester carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study, CO2 was added to UHPC indirectly. Gaseous CO2 was first converted into solid calcium carbonate (CaCO3) using calcium hydroxide, and the converted CaCO3 was then added to UHPC at 2, 4, and 6 wt% based on the cementitious material. The performance and sustainability of UHPC with indirect CO2 addition were investigated through macroscopic and microscopic experiments. The experimental results showed that the method used did not negatively affect the performance of UHPC. Compared with the control group, the early strength, ultrasonic velocity, and resistivity of UHPC containing solid CO2 improved to varying degrees. Microscopic experiments, such as heat of hydration and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrated that adding captured CO2 accelerated the hydration rate of the paste. Finally, the CO2 emissions were normalized according to the compressive strength and resistivity at 28 days. The results indicated that the CO2 emissions per unit compressive strength and unit resistivity of UHPC with CO2 were lower than those of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Integrated Energy and Infra System, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, 24341, South Korea
| | - Runsheng Lin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Wang
- Department of Integrated Energy and Infra System, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, 24341, South Korea.
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, 24341, South Korea.
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Division of Architecture & Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Sangnok-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Lee YB, Kang MH, Choi PK, Kim SH, Kim TS, Lee SY, Yoon JB. Sub-10 fJ/bit radiation-hard nanoelectromechanical non-volatile memory. Nat Commun 2023; 14:460. [PMID: 36709346 PMCID: PMC9884203 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the exponential growth of the semiconductor industry, radiation-hardness has become an indispensable property of memory devices. However, implementation of radiation-hardened semiconductor memory devices inevitably requires various radiation-hardening technologies from the layout level to the system level, and such technologies incur a significant energy overhead. Thus, there is a growing demand for emerging memory devices that are energy-efficient and intrinsically radiation-hard. Here, we report a nanoelectromechanical non-volatile memory (NEM-NVM) with an ultra-low energy consumption and radiation-hardness. To achieve an ultra-low operating energy of less than 10 [Formula: see text], we introduce an out-of-plane electrode configuration and electrothermal erase operation. These approaches enable the NEM-NVM to be programmed with an ultra-low energy of 2.83 [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, due to its mechanically operating mechanisms and radiation-robust structural material, the NEM-NVM retains its superb characteristics without radiation-induced degradation such as increased leakage current, threshold voltage shift, and unintended bit-flip even after 1 Mrad irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bok Lee
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kang
- grid.496766.c0000 0004 0546 0225National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Pan-Kyu Choi
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) Ltd, Fab 21 Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Co., Ltd, 1, Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18448 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Soo Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
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Yoo J, Chang SK, Jung G, Kim K, Kim TS, Song JH, Cha HY, Han SW. Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2021; 21:5736-5741. [PMID: 33980387 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the heat dissipation in heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) using microRaman measurement of the temperature in active AIGaN/GaN. By varying the gate structure, the heat dissipation through the gate was clearly revealed. The temperature increased to 120 °C at the flat gate device although the inserted gate increased to only 37 °C. Our results showed that the inserted gate structure reduced the self-heating effect by three times compared to the flat gate structure. Temperature mapping using micro-Raman measurement confirmed that the temperature of the near gate area was lower than that of the near drain area. This indicated that the inserted gate electrode structure effectively prohibited self-heating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jengsu Yoo
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Chang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Gunwoo Jung
- Department of Physics, Kongju National University, Kongju, Chungnam 314-701, South Korea
| | - Kyuheon Kim
- Department of Physics, Kongju National University, Kongju, Chungnam 314-701, South Korea
| | - Tae-Soo Kim
- Department of Physics, Kongju National University, Kongju, Chungnam 314-701, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Song
- Department of Physics, Kongju National University, Kongju, Chungnam 314-701, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Cha
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Han
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, South Korea
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Lee HS, Min S, Jung YE, Chae S, Heo J, Lee JH, Kim T, Kang HC, Nakanish M, Cha SS, Cho H. Spatiotemporal coordination of the RSF1-PLK1-Aurora B cascade establishes mitotic signaling platforms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5931. [PMID: 34635673 PMCID: PMC8505570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin remodeler RSF1 enriched at mitotic centromeres is essential for proper chromosome alignment and segregation and underlying mechanisms remain to be disclosed. We here show that PLK1 recruitment by RSF1 at centromeres creates an activating phosphorylation on Thr236 in the activation loop of Aurora B and this is indispensable for the Aurora B activation. In structural modeling the phosphorylated Thr236 enhances the base catalysis by Asp200 nearby, facilitating the Thr232 autophosphorylation. Accordingly, RSF1-PLK1 is central for Aurora B-mediated microtubule destabilization in error correction. However, under full microtubule-kinetochore attachment RSF1-PLK1 positions at kinetochores, halts activating Aurora B and phosphorylates BubR1, regardless of tension. Spatial movement of RSF1-PLK1 to kinetochores is triggered by Aurora B-mediated phosphorylation of centromeric histone H3 on Ser28. We propose a regulatory RSF1-PLK1 axis that spatiotemporally controls on/off switch on Aurora B. This feedback circuit among RSF1-PLK1-Aurora B may coordinate dynamic microtubule-kinetochore attachment in early mitosis when full tension yet to be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Soo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
| | - Sunwoo Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Chae
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - June Heo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Makoto Nakanish
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
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11
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Lee YE, Lee J, Lee YS, Jang JJ, Woo H, Choi HI, Chai YG, Kim TK, Kim T, Kim LK, Choi SS. Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Noncoding RNAs Transcribed from Putative Active Enhancers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cells 2021; 44:658-669. [PMID: 34588321 PMCID: PMC8490203 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancers have been conventionally perceived as cis-acting elements that provide binding sites for trans-acting factors. However, recent studies have shown that enhancers are transcribed and that these transcripts, called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), have a regulatory function. Here, we identified putative eRNAs by profiling and determining the overlap between noncoding RNA expression loci and eRNA-associated histone marks such as H3K27ac and H3K4me1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Of the 132 HCC-derived noncoding RNAs, 74 overlapped with the eRNA loci defined by the FANTOM consortium, and 65 were located in the proximal regions of genes differentially expressed between normal and tumor tissues in TCGA dataset. Interestingly, knockdown of two selected putative eRNAs, THUMPD3-AS1 and LINC01572, led to downregulation of their target mRNAs and to a reduction in the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Additionally, the expression of these two noncoding RNAs and target mRNAs was elevated in tumor samples in the TCGA dataset, and high expression was associated with poor survival of patients. Collectively, our study suggests that noncoding RNAs such as THUMPD3-AS1 and LINC01572 (i.e., putative eRNAs) can promote the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation and that the dysregulation of these noncoding RNAs can cause cancers such as HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Lee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Joan Jang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Hyeonju Woo
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hae In Choi
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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12
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Lee BB, Woo H, Lee MK, Youn S, Lee S, Roe JS, Lee SY, Kim T. Core promoter activity contributes to chromatin-based regulation of internal cryptic promoters. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8097-8109. [PMID: 34320189 PMCID: PMC8373055 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) transcription, the chromatin structure undergoes dynamic changes, including opening and closing of the nucleosome to enhance transcription elongation and fidelity. These changes are mediated by transcription elongation factors, including Spt6, the FACT complex, and the Set2-Rpd3S HDAC pathway. These factors not only contribute to RNA Pol II elongation, reset the repressive chromatin structures after RNA Pol II has passed, thereby inhibiting aberrant transcription initiation from the internal cryptic promoters within gene bodies. Notably, the internal cryptic promoters of infrequently transcribed genes are sensitive to such chromatin-based regulation but those of hyperactive genes are not. To determine why, the weak core promoters of genes that generate cryptic transcripts in cells lacking transcription elongation factors (e.g. STE11) were replaced with those from more active genes. Interestingly, as core promoter activity increased, activation of internal cryptic promoter dropped. This associated with loss of active histone modifications at the internal cryptic promoter. Moreover, environmental changes and transcription elongation factor mutations that downregulated the core promoters of highly active genes concomitantly increased their cryptic transcription. We therefore propose that the chromatin-based regulation of internal cryptic promoters is mediated by core promoter strength as well as transcription elongation factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bae Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyeonju Woo
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - SeoJung Youn
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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13
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Kim HJ, Lee J, Lee GR, Kim N, Lee HI, Kwon M, Kim NY, Park JH, Kang YH, Song HJ, Kim T, Shin DM, Jeong W. Flunarizine inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating calcium signaling and promotes osteogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8239-8252. [PMID: 34192358 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many bone diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontitis are caused by hyperactivation of osteoclasts. Calcium (Ca2+ ) signals are crucial for osteoclast differentiation and function. Thus, the blockade of Ca2+ signaling may be a strategy for regulating osteoclast activity and has clinical implications. Flunarizine (FN) is a Ca2+ channel antagonist that has been used for reducing migraines. However, the role of FN in osteoclast differentiation and function remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether FN regulates osteoclastogenesis and elucidated the molecular mechanism. FN inhibited osteoclast differentiation along with decreased expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), and attenuated osteoclast maturation and bone resorption. FN inhibition of osteoclast differentiation was restored by ectopic expression of constitutively active NFATc1. FN reduced calcium oscillations and its inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and resorption function was reversed by ionomycin, an ionophore that binds Ca2+ . FN also inhibited Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) and calcineurin leading to a decrease in the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-dependent cFos and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1β expression, and NFATc1 nuclear translocation. These results indicate that FN inhibits osteoclastogenesis via regulating CaMKIV and calcineurin as a Ca2+ channel blocker. In addition, FN-induced apoptosis in osteoclasts and promoted osteogenesis. Furthermore, FN protected lipopolysaccharide- and ovariectomy-induced bone destruction in mouse models, suggesting that it has therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory bone diseases and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiae Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gong-Rak Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Narae Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye In Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kwon
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Ha Park
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Hee Kang
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Ju Song
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woojin Jeong
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Kim HR, Yim J, Yoo HB, Lee SE, Oh S, Jung S, Hwang CI, Shin DM, Kim T, Yoo KH, Kim YS, Lee HW, Roe JS. EVI1 activates tumor-promoting transcriptional enhancers in pancreatic cancer. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab023. [PMID: 34316710 PMCID: PMC8210884 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize epigenetic alterations to acquire autonomous capabilities for tumor maintenance. Here, we show that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells utilize super-enhancers (SEs) to activate the transcription factor EVI1 (ecotropic viral integration site 1) gene, resulting in activation of an EVI1-dependent transcription program conferring PDA tumorigenesis. Our data indicate that SE is the vital cis-acting element to maintain aberrant EVI1 transcription in PDA cells. Consistent with disease progression and inferior survival outcomes of PDA patients, we further show that EVI1 upregulation is a major cause of aggressive tumor phenotypes. Specifically, EVI1 promotes anchorage-independent growth and motility in vitro and enhances tumor propagation in vivo. Mechanistically, EVI1-dependent activation of tumor-promoting gene expression programs through the stepwise configuration of the active enhancer chromatin attributes to these phenotypes. In sum, our findings support the premise that EVI1 is a crucial driver of oncogenic transcription programs in PDA cells. Further, we emphasize the instructive role of epigenetic aberrancy in establishing PDA tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Juhye Yim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hye-Been Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seung Eon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Sumin Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Sungju Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Chang-Il Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dong-Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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15
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Park YJ, Kim SH, Kim TS, Lee SM, Cho BS, Seo CI, Kim HD, Kim J. Ribosomal protein S3 associates with the TFIIH complex and positively regulates nucleotide excision repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3591-3606. [PMID: 33464383 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the bulky DNA adducts caused by ultraviolet radiation are mainly repaired via the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway; some defects in this pathway lead to a genetic disorder known as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3), a constituent of the 40S ribosomal subunit, is a multi-functional protein with various extra-ribosomal functions, including a role in the cellular stress response and DNA repair-related activities. We report that rpS3 associates with transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) via an interaction with the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) protein and complements its function in the NER pathway. For optimal repair of UV-induced duplex DNA lesions, the strong helicase activity of the TFIIH complex is required for unwinding damaged DNA around the lesion. Here, we show that XP-D cells overexpressing rpS3 showed markedly increased resistance to UV radiation through XPD and rpS3 interaction. Additionally, the knockdown of rpS3 caused reduced NER efficiency in HeLa cells and the overexpression of rpS3 partially restored helicase activity of the TFIIH complex of XP-D cells in vitro. We also present data suggesting that rpS3 is involved in post-excision processing in NER, assisting TFIIH in expediting the repair process by increasing its turnover rate when DNA is damaged. We propose that rpS3 is an accessory protein of the NER pathway and its recruitment to the repair machinery augments repair efficiency upon UV damage by enhancing XPD helicase function and increasing its turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Park
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - S M Lee
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - B S Cho
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - C I Seo
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - H D Kim
- TechnoComplex Building, HAEL Lab, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea. .,TechnoComplex Building, HAEL Lab, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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16
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Jung TY, Ryu JE, Jang MM, Lee SY, Jin GR, Kim CW, Lee CY, Kim H, Kim E, Park S, Lee S, Lee C, Kim W, Kim T, Lee SY, Ju BG, Kim HS. Naa20, the catalytic subunit of NatB complex, contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR axis. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1831-1844. [PMID: 33219302 PMCID: PMC8080711 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-α-acetyltransferase 20 (Naa20), which is a catalytic subunit of the N-terminal acetyltransferase B (NatB) complex, has recently been reported to be implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and autophagy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that based on bioinformatic analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets, Naa20 expression is much higher in HCC tumors than in normal tissues, promoting oncogenic properties in HCC cells. Mechanistically, Naa20 inhibits the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to promote the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, which contributes to cell proliferation, as well as autophagy, through its N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT) activity. We further show that liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a major regulator of AMPK activity, can be N-terminally acetylated by NatB in vitro, but also probably by NatB and/or other members of the NAT family in vivo, which may have a negative effect on AMPK activity through downregulation of LKB1 phosphorylation at S428. Indeed, p-LKB1 (S428) and p-AMPK levels are enhanced in Naa20-deficient cells, as well as in cells expressing the nonacetylated LKB1-MPE mutant; moreover, importantly, LKB1 deficiency reverses the molecular and cellular events driven by Naa20 knockdown. Taken together, our findings suggest that N-terminal acetylation of LKB1 by Naa20 may inhibit the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway, which contributes to tumorigenesis and autophagy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek-Yeol Jung
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.,Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Ryu
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Mi-Mi Jang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Soh-Yeon Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Rin Jin
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Chan-Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Chae-Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyelee Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - EungHan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Sera Park
- KaiPharm, Seoul, 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjeong Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Department of Converging Science and Technology, KHU-KIST, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.,KaiPharm, Seoul, 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Soo-Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Bong-Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea. .,Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea. .,The Fluorescence Core Imaging Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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17
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Kim JH, Yoon CY, Jun Y, Lee BB, Lee JE, Ha SD, Woo H, Choi A, Lee S, Jeong W, Kim JH, Kim T. NuA3 HAT antagonizes the Rpd3S and Rpd3L HDACs to optimize mRNA and lncRNA expression dynamics. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:10753-10767. [PMID: 33010166 PMCID: PMC7641726 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In yeast, NuA3 histone acetyltransferase (NuA3 HAT) promotes acetylation of histone H3 lysine 14 (H3K14) and transcription of a subset of genes through interaction between the Yng1 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and H3K4me3. Although NuA3 HAT has multiple chromatin binding modules with distinct specificities, their interdependence and combinatorial actions in chromatin binding and transcription remain unknown. Modified peptide pulldown assays reveal that the Yng1 N-terminal region is important for the integrity of NuA3 HAT by mediating the interaction between core subunits and two methyl-binding proteins, Yng1 and Pdp3. We further uncover that NuA3 HAT contributes to the regulation of mRNA and lncRNA expression dynamics by antagonizing the histone deacetylases (HDACs) Rpd3S and Rpd3L. The Yng1 N-terminal region, the Nto1 PHD finger and Pdp3 are important for optimal induction of mRNA and lncRNA transcription repressed by the Set2-Rpd3S HDAC pathway, whereas the Yng1 PHD finger–H3K4me3 interaction affects transcriptional repression memory regulated by Rpd3L HDAC. These findings suggest that NuA3 HAT uses distinct chromatin readers to compete with two Rpd3-containing HDACs to optimize mRNA and lncRNA expression dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chae Young Yoon
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yukyung Jun
- Ewha-JAX Cancer Immunotherapy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Bo Bae Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - So Dam Ha
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyeonju Woo
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ahyoung Choi
- Department of Bio-Information Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Ewha-JAX Cancer Immunotherapy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.,Department of Bio-Information Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Woojin Jeong
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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18
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Abstract
Histone acetylation and deacetylation play central roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). Although Hda1 histone deacetylase complex (Hda1C) is known to selectively deacetylate histone H3 and H2B to repress transcription, previous studies have suggested its potential roles in histone H4 deacetylation. Recently, we have shown that Hda1C has two distinct functions in histone deacetylation and transcription. Histone H4-specific deacetylation at highly transcribed genes negatively regulates RNA Pol II elongation and H3 deacetylation at inactive genes fine-tunes the kinetics of gene induction upon environmental changes. Here, we review the recent understandings of transcriptional regulation via histone deacetylation by Hda1C. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms for histone substrate switching by Hda1C, depending on transcriptional frequency and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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19
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Zang Y, Song JH, Oh SH, Kim JW, Lee MN, Piao X, Yang JW, Kim OS, Kim TS, Kim SH, Koh JT. Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Reduces Age-Related Experimental Alveolar Bone Loss. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1287-1295. [PMID: 32531176 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520933533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of chronic inflammatory periodontitis, which leads to the destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, is multifactorial. An increasing number of studies have shown the clinical significance of NLRP3-mediated low-grade inflammation in degenerative disorders, but its causal linkage to age-related periodontitis has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the therapeutic potential of NLRP3 inhibition in age-related alveolar bone loss by using in vivo and in vitro models. The poor quality of alveolar bones in aged mice was correlated with caspase-1 activation by macrophages and elevated levels of IL-1β, which are mainly regulated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, in periodontal ligament and serum, respectively. Aged mice lacking Nlrp3 showed better bone mass than age-matched wild-type mice via a way that affects bone resorption rather than bone formation. In line with this finding, treatment with MCC950, a potent inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, significantly suppressed alveolar bone loss with reduced caspase-1 activation in aged mice but not in young mice. In addition, our in vitro studies showed that the addition of IL-1β encourages RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow-derived macrophages and that treatment with MCC950 significantly suppresses osteoclastic differentiation directly, irrelevant to the inhibition of IL-1β production. Our results suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical mediator in age-related alveolar bone loss and that targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome could be a novel option for controlling periodontal degenerative changes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - M N Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - X Piao
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - O S Kim
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J T Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim JH, Kim I, Kang CK, Jun KI, Yoo SH, Chun JY, Jung J, Kim YJ, Kim DY, Jo HB, Kim DY, Koh Y, Shin DY, Hong J, Kim NJ, Yoon SS, Kim TS, Park WB, Oh MD. Enhanced antimicrobial stewardship based on rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancies: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:69-75. [PMID: 32272171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) based on microscopic imaging analysis has been developed. The aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) based on rapid phenotypic AST can increase the proportion of patients with haematological malignancies who receive optimal targeted antibiotics during early periods of bacteraemia. METHODS This randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with haematological malignancies and at least one positive blood culture. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to conventional (n = 60) or rapid phenotypic (n = 56) AST. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving optimal targeted antibiotics 72 hr after blood collection for culture. RESULTS The percentage receiving optimal targeted antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly higher in the rapid phenotypic AST group (45/56, 80.4%) than in conventional AST group (34/60, 56.7%) (relative risk (RR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.83). The percentage receiving unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly lower (7/26, 12.5% vs 18/60, 30.0%; RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.92) and the mean time to optimal targeted antibiotic treatment was significantly shorter (38.1, standard deviation (SD) 38.2 vs 72.8, SD 93.0 hr; p < 0.001) in the rapid phenotypic AST group. The mean time from blood collection to the AST result was significantly shorter in the rapid phenotypic AST group (48.3, SD 17.6 vs 83.1, SD 22.2 hr). DISCUSSION ASP based on rapid phenotypic AST can rapidly optimize antibiotic treatment for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy. Rapid phenotypic AST can improve antimicrobial stewardship in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I Kim
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-I Jun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Yoo
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Chun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H B Jo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Koh
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-Y Shin
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Hong
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-S Yoon
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - W B Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - M-D Oh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Lee BB, Choi A, Kim JH, Jun Y, Woo H, Ha SD, Yoon CY, Hwang JT, Steinmetz L, Buratowski S, Lee S, Kim HY, Kim T. Rpd3L HDAC links H3K4me3 to transcriptional repression memory. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8261-8274. [PMID: 29982589 PMCID: PMC6144869 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional memory is critical for the faster reactivation of necessary genes upon environmental changes and requires that the genes were previously in an active state. However, whether transcriptional repression also displays ‘memory’ of the prior transcriptionally inactive state remains unknown. In this study, we show that transcriptional repression of ∼540 genes in yeast occurs much more rapidly if the genes have been previously repressed during carbon source shifts. This novel transcriptional response has been termed transcriptional repression memory (TREM). Interestingly, Rpd3L histone deacetylase (HDAC), targeted to active promoters induces TREM. Mutants for Rpd3L exhibit increased acetylation at active promoters and delay TREM significantly. Surprisingly, the interaction between H3K4me3 and Rpd3L via the Pho23 PHD finger is critical to promote histone deacetylation and TREM by Rpd3L. Therefore, we propose that an active mark, H3K4me3 enriched at active promoters, instructs Rpd3L HDAC to induce histone deacetylation and TREM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bae Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ahyoung Choi
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yukyung Jun
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyeonju Woo
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - So Dam Ha
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chae Young Yoon
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | - Lars Steinmetz
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and Stanford Genome Technology Center and Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen Buratowski
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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22
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Abstract
Cells must fine-tune their gene expression programs for optimal cellular activities in their natural growth conditions. Transcriptional memory, a unique transcriptional response, plays a pivotal role in faster reactivation of genes upon environmental changes, and is facilitated if genes were previously in an active state. Hyper-activation of gene expression by transcriptional memory is critical for cellular differentiation, development, and adaptation. TREM (Transcriptional REpression Memory), a distinct type of transcriptional memory, promoting hyper-repression of unnecessary genes, upon environmental changes has been recently reported. These two transcriptional responses may optimize specific gene expression patterns, in rapidly changing environments. Emerging evidence suggests that they are also critical for immune responses. In addition to memory B and T cells, innate immune cells are transcriptionally hyperactivated by restimulation, with the same or different pathogens known as trained immunity. In this review, we briefly summarize recent progress in chromatin-based regulation of transcriptional memory, and its potential role in immune responses. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(2): 127-132].
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project to Medical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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23
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Park MW, Her SH, Cho JS, Kim TS, Park HW, Kim DW, Park KM, Chang KY. P5587Guideline-recommended optimal medical therapy in AMI patients undergoing PCI with DES: adherence and clinical outcomes using national health insurance data. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.-W Park
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Her
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Cho
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - H W Park
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - D W Kim
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - K M Park
- Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea Republic of
| | - K Y Chang
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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24
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Choi Y, Kim SH, Kim SH, Kim JY, Kim YR, Kim TS, Hwang YM, Kim JH, Jang SW, Rho TH, Lee MY, Oh YS. P1902Terminating the induced atrial tachyarrhythmia after complete pulmonary vein isolation during catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Kim
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Kim
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea Republic of
| | - Y R Kim
- St.Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Republic of
| | - Y M Hwang
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suwon, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Kim
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suwon, Korea Republic of
| | - S W Jang
- St.Paul's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Rho
- St.Paul's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M Y Lee
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y S Oh
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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25
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Park MW, Her SH, Cho JS, Park HW, Kim DW, Kim TS, Park KM, Chang KY. P5576Moderate versus high-intensity statin therapy in east asian patients with angina undergoing PCI with DES: a propensity-score matching analysis. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.-W Park
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Her
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Cho
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - H W Park
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - D W Kim
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - K M Park
- Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea Republic of
| | - K Y Chang
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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26
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Chung CG, Kwon MJ, Jeon KH, Hyeon DY, Han MH, Park JH, Cha IJ, Cho JH, Kim K, Rho S, Kim GR, Jeong H, Lee JW, Kim T, Kim K, Kim KP, Ehlers MD, Hwang D, Lee SB. Golgi Outpost Synthesis Impaired by Toxic Polyglutamine Proteins Contributes to Dendritic Pathology in Neurons. Cell Rep 2018; 20:356-369. [PMID: 28700938 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrite aberration is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases caused by protein toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we show that nuclear polyglutamine (polyQ) toxicity resulted in defective terminal dendrite elongation accompanied by a loss of Golgi outposts (GOPs) and a decreased supply of plasma membrane (PM) in Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (da) (C4 da) neurons. mRNA sequencing revealed that genes downregulated by polyQ proteins included many secretory pathway-related genes, including COPII genes regulating GOP synthesis. Transcription factor enrichment analysis identified CREB3L1/CrebA, which regulates COPII gene expression. CrebA overexpression in C4 da neurons restores the dysregulation of COPII genes, GOP synthesis, and PM supply. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR revealed that CrebA expression is regulated by CREB-binding protein (CBP), which is sequestered by polyQ proteins. Furthermore, co-overexpression of CrebA and Rac1 synergistically restores the polyQ-induced dendrite pathology. Collectively, our results suggest that GOPs impaired by polyQ proteins contribute to dendrite pathology through the CBP-CrebA-COPII pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hye Jeon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hoon Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyang Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Cha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyung Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Rho
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Ree Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyobin Jeong
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Keetae Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Kim YR, Jang SW, Hwang YM, Kim JY, Kim TS, Kim SH, Kim JH, Oh YS, Lee MY, Rho TH. P397Long-term clinical outcomes of misdosing NOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y R Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea Republic of
| | - S W Jang
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y M Hwang
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y S Oh
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M Y Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Rho
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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28
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Casati S, Aschberger K, Barroso J, Casey W, Delgado I, Kim TS, Kleinstreuer N, Kojima H, Lee JK, Lowit A, Park HK, Régimbald-Krnel MJ, Strickland J, Whelan M, Yang Y, Zuang V. Standardisation of defined approaches for skin sensitisation testing to support regulatory use and international adoption: position of the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:611-617. [PMID: 29127450 PMCID: PMC5818556 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Skin sensitisation is the regulatory endpoint that has been at the centre of concerted efforts to replace animal testing in recent years, as demonstrated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) adoption of five non-animal methods addressing mechanisms under the first three key events of the skin sensitisation adverse outcome pathway. Nevertheless, the currently adopted methods, when used in isolation, are not sufficient to fulfil regulatory requirements on the skin sensitisation potential and potency of chemicals comparable to that provided by the regulatory animal tests. For this reason, a number of defined approaches integrating data from these methods with other relevant information have been proposed and documented by the OECD. With the aim to further enhance regulatory consideration and adoption of defined approaches, the European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal testing in collaboration with the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods hosted, on 4-5 October 2016, a workshop on the international regulatory applicability and acceptance of alternative non-animal approaches, i.e., defined approaches, to skin sensitisation assessment of chemicals used in a variety of sectors. The workshop convened representatives from more than 20 regulatory authorities from the European Union, United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Brazil and China. There was a general consensus among the workshop participants that to maximise global regulatory acceptance of data generated with defined approaches, international harmonisation and standardisation are needed. Potential assessment criteria were defined for a systematic evaluation of existing defined approaches that would facilitate their translation into international standards, e.g., into a performance-based Test Guideline. Informed by the discussions at the workshop, the ICATM members propose practical ways to further promote the regulatory use and facilitate adoption of defined approaches for skin sensitisation assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casati
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - K Aschberger
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - J Barroso
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - W Casey
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC, 27709, USA
| | - I Delgado
- BraCVAM, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T S Kim
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - N Kleinstreuer
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC, 27709, USA
| | - H Kojima
- Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - J K Lee
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - A Lowit
- Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 20460, USA
| | - H K Park
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Régimbald-Krnel
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - J Strickland
- Integrated Laboratory Systems inc., Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC, 27709, USA
| | - M Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Y Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Valérie Zuang
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy.
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Abstract
RNA polymerase II-interacting the Set2 methyltransferase co-transcriptionally methylates histone H3 at lysine 36 within the body of genes. This modification facilitates histone deacetylation by Rpd3S HDAC in 3′ transcribed regions to suppress cryptic initiation and slow elongation. Although this pathway is important for global deacetylation, no strong effects have been seen on genome-wide transcription under optimized laboratory conditions. In contrast, this pathway slows the kinetics of mRNA induction when target genes are induced upon environmental changes. Interestingly, a majority of Set2-repressed genes are overlapped by a lncRNA transcription that targets H3K36 methylation and deacetylation by Rpd3S HDAC to mRNA promoters. Furthermore, this pathway delays the induction of many cryptic transcripts upon environmental changes. Therefore, the Set2-Rpd3S HDAC pathway functions to fine-tune expression dynamics of mRNAs and ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bae Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Kim JH, Lee BB, Oh YM, Zhu C, Steinmetz LM, Lee Y, Kim WK, Lee SB, Buratowski S, Kim T. Erratum: Modulation of mRNA and lncRNA expression dynamics by the Set2-Rpd3S pathway. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16122. [PMID: 29184145 PMCID: PMC5717045 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Soares LM, He PC, Chun Y, Suh H, Kim T, Buratowski S. Determinants of Histone H3K4 Methylation Patterns. Mol Cell 2017; 68:773-785.e6. [PMID: 29129639 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various factors differentially recognize trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) near promoters, H3K4me2 just downstream, and promoter-distal H3K4me1 to modulate gene expression. This methylation "gradient" is thought to result from preferential binding of the H3K4 methyltransferase Set1/complex associated with Set1 (COMPASS) to promoter-proximal RNA polymerase II. However, other studies have suggested that location-specific cues allosterically activate Set1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments show that H3K4 methylation patterns on active genes are not universal or fixed and change in response to both transcription elongation rate and frequency as well as reduced COMPASS activity. Fusing Set1 to RNA polymerase II results in H3K4me2 throughout transcribed regions and similarly extended H3K4me3 on highly transcribed genes. Tethered Set1 still requires histone H2B ubiquitylation for activity. These results show that higher-level methylations reflect not only Set1/COMPASS recruitment but also multiple rounds of transcription. This model provides a simple explanation for non-canonical methylation patterns at some loci or in certain COMPASS mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Soares
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P Cody He
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yujin Chun
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyunsuk Suh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Stephen Buratowski
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Woo H, Dam Ha S, Lee SB, Buratowski S, Kim T. Modulation of gene expression dynamics by co-transcriptional histone methylations. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e326. [PMID: 28450734 PMCID: PMC6130219 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-transcriptional methylations of histone H3 at lysines 4 and 36, highly conserved methyl marks from yeast to humans, have profound roles in regulation of histone acetylation. These modifications function to recruit and/or activate distinct histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or histone deacetylases (HDACs). Whereas H3K4me3 increases acetylation at promoters via multiple HATs, H3K4me2 targets Set3 HDAC to deacetylate histones in 5' transcribed regions. In 3' regions of genes, H3K36me2/3 facilitates deacetylation by Rpd3S HDAC and slows elongation. Despite their important functions in deacetylation, no strong effects on global gene expression have been seen under optimized or laboratory growth conditions. Instead, H3K4me2-Set3 HDAC and Set2-Rpd3S pathways primarily delay the kinetics of messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) induction upon environmental changes. A majority of mRNA genes regulated by these pathways have an overlapping lncRNA transcription either from an upstream or an antisense promoter. Surprisingly, the distance between mRNA and lncRNA promoters seems to specify the repressive effects of the two pathways. Given that co-transcriptional methylations and acetylation have been linked to many cancers, studying their functions in a dynamic condition or during cancer progression will be much more important and help identify novel genes associated with cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonju Woo
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Dam Ha
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Buratowski
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Yu HJ, Lee WJ, Wi JH, Cho DH, Han WS, Chung YD, Kim TS, Song JH. Light-soaking effects and capacitance profiling in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin-film solar cells with chemical-bath-deposited ZnS buffer layers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:33211-33217. [PMID: 27892577 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We fabricated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells with chemical-bath deposited (CBD) ZnS buffer layers with different deposition times. The conversion efficiency and the fill factor of the CIGS solar cells reveal a strong dependence on the deposition time of CBD-ZnS films. In order to understand the detailed relationship between the heterojunction structure and the electronic properties of CIGS solar cells with different deposition times of CBD-ZnS films, capacitance-voltage (C-V) profiling measurements with additional laser illumination were performed. The light-soaking effects on CIGS solar cells with a CBD-ZnS buffer layer were investigated in detail using current density-voltage (J-V) and C-V measurements with several different lasers with different emission wavelengths. After light-soaking, the conversion efficiency changed significantly and the double diode feature in J-V curves disappeared. We explain that the major reason for the improvement of efficiency by light-soaking is due to the fact that negatively charged and highly defective vacancies in the CIGS absorber near the interface of CBD-ZnS/CIGS were formed and became neutral due to carriers generated by ultra-violet absorption in the buffer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Yu
- Kongju National University, 182 Shingwan-dong, Gongju-si, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea. and Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Lee
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Wi
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyung Cho
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Han
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Duck Chung
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea and Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Soo Kim
- Kongju National University, 182 Shingwan-dong, Gongju-si, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hoon Song
- Kongju National University, 182 Shingwan-dong, Gongju-si, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YW, Seong MW, Kim TS, Yoo CG, Kim YW, Han SK, Yim JJ. Evaluation of Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay: diagnosis and treatment outcomes in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:1216-21. [PMID: 26459536 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING The Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay is endorsed by the World Health Organization for the detection of rifampicin (RMP) resistant tuberculosis (TB). OBJECTIVE To evaluate Xpert for its diagnostic accuracy in detecting RMP-resistant TB and its impact on treatment outcomes. DESIGN Patients with available phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) results and those in whom RMP-resistant pulmonary TB was diagnosed using Xpert were evaluated. The accuracy and turnaround time (TAT) of Xpert for determining RMP-resistant TB was calculated. The TATs for treatment between patients diagnosed with RMP-resistant TB using Xpert and those diagnosed without the assay (phenotypic DST group) were compared. RESULTS In 321 patients, when phenotypic DST was used as the gold standard, Xpert sensitivity and specificity for RMP resistance diagnosis was respectively 100% and 98.7%; the positive and negative predictive values were respectively 86.2% and 100%. The Xpert group had a much shorter interval from initial evaluation to commencing second-line anti-tuberculosis treatment (64 vs. 2 days, P < 0.001), and negative conversion of mycobacterial cultures (197 vs. 62.5 days, P < 0.001) than the phenotypic DST group. CONCLUSION Xpert was accurate at diagnosing RMP resistance in this setting with an intermediate TB burden and a low level of RMP resistance. Xpert might reduce disease transmission by reducing the sputum culture conversion times for patients with RMP-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M-W Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-G Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-J Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yakunina N, Kim TS, Tae WS, Kim SS, Nam EC. Applicability of the Sparse Temporal Acquisition Technique in Resting-State Brain Network Analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:515-20. [PMID: 26585264 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ability of sparse temporal acquisition to minimize the effect of scanner background noise is of utmost importance in auditory fMRI; however, it has considerably lower temporal efficiency and resolution than the conventional continuous acquisition method. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sparse sampling could be applied to resting-state research by comparing its results with those obtained by using continuous acquisition. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified resting-state networks by using independent component analysis and measured their functional connectivity strength in 14 healthy subjects who underwent two 6-minute sparse (60 volumes) and continuous (360 volumes) imaging sessions. To account for the sample size difference, an additional continuous dataset was generated by temporally matching the continuous dataset to 60 volumes of the sparse dataset. RESULTS Consistent resting-state network maps were produced through all 3 datasets. Scanner background noise did not appear to affect the spatial constitution of the networks, whereas a larger sample size influenced it substantially. The strength of the intranetwork connectivity was similar through the 3 datasets. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that continuous acquisition is a recommended technique that should be applied in most of the resting-state studies due to its superior temporal efficiency and increased statistical power. The use of sparse temporal acquisition should be restricted to very particular conditions when continuous scanner noise is unacceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yakunina
- From the Institute of Medical Science (N.Y.) Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.)
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology (T.S.K.), Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Tae
- Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.)
| | - S S Kim
- Department of Radiology (S.S.K.) Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.)
| | - E C Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology (E.C.N.), Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.)
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Kim TS, Jeong SH, Chang DH, In SR, Park M, Jung BK, Lee KW, Wang SJ, Bae YS, Park HT, Kim JS, Cho W, Choi DJ. Modification to the accelerator of the NBI-1B ion source for improving the injection efficiency. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B317. [PMID: 26932045 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing power loss of a neutral beam imposes modification of the accelerator of the ion source for further improvement of the beam optics. The beam optics can be improved by focusing beamlets. The injection efficiencies by the steering of ion beamlets are investigated numerically to find the optimum modification of the accelerator design of the NBI-1B ion source. The beam power loss was reduced by aperture displacement of three edge beamlets arrays considering power loadings on the beamline components. Successful testing and operation of the ion source at 60 keV/84% of injection efficiency led to the possibility of enhancing the system capability to a 2.4 MW power level at 100 keV/1.9 μP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - S H Jeong
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - D H Chang
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - S R In
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - M Park
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - B K Jung
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - S J Wang
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - Y S Bae
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - H T Park
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - J S Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - W Cho
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - D J Choi
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
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Lyoo IK, Yoon S, Kim TS, Lim SM, Choi Y, Kim JE, Hwang J, Jeong HS, Cho HB, Chung YA, Renshaw PF. Predisposition to and effects of methamphetamine use on the adolescent brain. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1516-24. [PMID: 25666756 PMCID: PMC5653271 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability both to addictive behaviors and drug-induced brain damage. Yet, only limited information exists on the brain mechanisms underlying these adolescent-specific characteristics. Moreover, distinctions in brain correlates between predisposition to drug use and effects of drugs in adolescents are unclear. Using cortical thickness and diffusion tensor image analyses, we found greater and more widespread gray and white matter alterations, particularly affecting the frontostriatal system, in adolescent methamphetamine (MA) users compared with adult users. Among adolescent-specific gray matter alterations related to MA use, smaller cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex was associated with family history of drug use. Our findings highlight that the adolescent brain, which undergoes active myelination and maturation, is more vulnerable to MA-related alterations than the adult brain. Furthermore, MA-use-related executive dysfunction was greater in adolescent MA users than in adult users. These findings may provide explanation for the severe behavioral complications and relapses that are common in adolescent-onset drug addiction. Additionally, these results may provide insights into distinguishing the neural mechanisms that underlie the predisposition to drug addiction from effects of drugs in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- IK Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - TS Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SM Lim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Choi
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JE Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HS Jeong
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HB Cho
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - YA Chung
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - PF Renshaw
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Kim SK, Yoon W, Kim TS, Kim HS, Heo TW, Park MS. Histologic Analysis of Retrieved Clots in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Correlation with Stroke Etiology and Gradient-Echo MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1756-62. [PMID: 26159515 PMCID: PMC7968760 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is unclear whether clot composition analysis is helpful to predict a stroke mechanism in acute large vessel occlusion. In addition, the relationship between early vessel signs on imaging studies and clot compositions has been poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between clot composition and stroke etiology following mechanical thrombectomy and to investigate the effect of varied clot compositions on gradient-echo MR imaging of clots. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histopathologic analysis of retrieved clots from 37 patients with acute MCA occlusion was performed. Patients underwent gradient-echo imaging before endovascular therapy. Retrieved clots underwent semiquantitative proportion analysis to quantify red blood cells, fibrin, platelets, and white blood cells by area. Correlations between clot compositions and stroke subtypes and susceptibility vessel signs on gradient-echo imaging were assessed. RESULTS Stroke etiology was classified as cardioembolism in 22 patients (59.4%), large-artery atherosclerosis in 8 (21.6%), and undetermined in 7 (18.9%). The clots from cardioembolism had a significantly higher proportion of red blood cells (37.8% versus 16.9%, P = .031) and a lower proportion of fibrin (32.3% versus 48.5%, P = .044) compared with those from large-artery atherosclerosis. The proportion of red blood cells was significantly higher in clots with a susceptibility vessel sign than in those without it (48.0% versus 1.9%, P < .001), whereas the proportions of fibrin (26.4% versus 57.0%, P < .001) and platelets (22.6% versus 36.9%, P = .011) were significantly higher in clots without a susceptibility vessel sign than those with it. CONCLUSIONS The histologic composition of clots retrieved from cerebral arteries in patients with acute stroke differs between those with cardioembolism and large-artery atherosclerosis. In addition, a susceptibility vessel sign on gradient-echo imaging is strongly associated with a high proportion of red blood cells and a low proportion of fibrin and platelets in retrieved clots.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H.)
| | - W Yoon
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H.)
| | | | | | - T W Heo
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H.)
| | - M S Park
- Neurology (M.S.P.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Kim HJ, Kim TS, Lee JG, Song JH. Optical properties of ultra-thin (< 30 nm) GaN layers on c-sapphire substrates with different initial growth conditions measured by surface-plasmon enhanced Raman scattering. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:8382-8385. [PMID: 25958532 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out surface-plasmon enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on 30 nm-thick GaN samples grown at various temperatures, in order to investigate the properties of ultra thin GaN films on sapphire. We found that the properties, such as the strain and the free-carrier density of the thin layers, were sensitively affected by the growth temperatures. Our results show that SERS, by selectively enhancing the Raman signal near the surface, can be a very useful technique to investigate the optical properties of ultra-thin GaN films and their initial growth mode.
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Park WU, Zhao JM, Hwang KH, Kim TS, Kim JH, Yoon SY, Lee JK. Evaluation of the bonding strength of dental zirconia with veneering porcelains. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:7843-7846. [PMID: 25942878 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of thermo-cycling treatment on the bond strength and flexural strength of porcelain veneered zirconia was evaluated. After thermo-cycling treatment between 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C, porcelain-zirconia bond strength and zirconia flexural strength was not significantly affected. In the phase analyses using XRD after thermo-cycling treatment, both the experimental group and the control group showed only tetragonal phases. That is, the porcelain-zirconia bond strength and zirconia flexural strength were not affected by low temperature degradation. So low temperature aging treatment did not reduce the flexural strength and the effect of temperature applied to the aging treatment could beignorable.
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41
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Li YX, Cabling MM, Kang HS, Kim TS, Yeom SC, Sohn YG, Kim SH, Nam KC, Seo KS. Comparison and correlation analysis of different Swine breeds meat quality. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:905-10. [PMID: 25049866 PMCID: PMC4093505 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the influence of pig breed and gender on the ultimate pH and physicochemical properties of pork. The correlations between pH and pork quality traits directly related to carcass grade, and consumer’s preference were also evaluated. The pH and meat grading scores for cold carcasses of 215 purebred pigs (Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) from four different farms were obtained. Meat quality parameters of the pork loin were analyzed. Duroc and female animals were more affected compared to other breeds and male pigs. Duroc animals had the highest ultimate pH, carcass back fat thickness, marbling scores, yellowness, and fat content (p<0.05). Landrace pigs had the highest color lightness and cooking loss values (p<0.05). Among all trait parameters, marbling scores showed the highest significant differences when evaluating the impact of breed and gender on meat quality characteristics (p<0.001). Ultimate pH was positively correlated with carcass weight (0.20), back fat thickness (0.19), marbling score (0.17), and color score (0.16) while negatively correlated with cooking loss (−0.24) and shear force (−0.20). Therefore, pork samples with lower ultimate pH had lower cooking loss, higher lightness, and higher shear force values irrespective of breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - M M Cabling
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - H S Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - S C Yeom
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - Y G Sohn
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - K C Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - K S Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
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Chon SB, Kim TS, Oh WS, Lee SJ, Han SS, Kim WJ. Pulmonary tuberculosis among patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia in a tuberculosis-prevalent area. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:761-2. [PMID: 24200280 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING A suburban teaching hospital in a tuberculosis (TB) prevalent area. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the proportion of pulmonary TB among patients hospitalised with suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and to develop a diagnostic index for identifying TB among these patients. DESIGN TB cases confirmed using 1) sputum culture, or 2) both sputum acid-fast bacilli smear and polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, were compared with non-tuberculous CAP by demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiographic information. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors for TB were identified. A diagnostic index was developed by summing up their simplified regression coefficients. Its performance was checked using c-statistic. RESULTS TB was the second leading cause of CAP (37/528, 7.0%). Risk factors were initial symptoms >7 days, serum albumin <3.5 g/dl, cavitary/nodular infiltrates and upper lobe involvement (1 point for each). The c-statistic of the index was 0.856 (95%CI 0.789-0.923), and for bootstrapping samples of 1000 repetitions it was 0.856 (95%CI 0.791-0.921). For scores ≥2, sensitivity and specificity were respectively 81.1% and 75.8%. CONCLUSION TB is one of the leading causes of CAP in TB-prevalent areas. Our diagnostic index may help clinicians identify TB immediately from CAP and initiate appropriate isolation and optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Chon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kondo DG, Hellem TL, Shi XF, Sung YH, Prescot AP, Kim TS, Huber RS, Forrest LN, Renshaw PF. A review of MR spectroscopy studies of pediatric bipolar disorder. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:S64-80. [PMID: 24557702 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness whose pathophysiology is poorly understood and for which there is an urgent need for improved diagnosis and treatment. MR spectroscopy is a neuroimaging method capable of in vivo measurement of neurochemicals relevant to bipolar disorder neurobiology. MR spectroscopy studies of adult bipolar disorder provide consistent evidence for alterations in the glutamate system and mitochondrial function. In bipolar disorder, these 2 phenomena may be linked because 85% of glucose in the brain is consumed by glutamatergic neurotransmission and the conversion of glutamate to glutamine. The purpose of this article is to review the MR spectroscopic imaging literature in pediatric bipolar disorder, at-risk samples, and severe mood dysregulation, with a focus on the published findings that are relevant to glutamatergic and mitochondrial functioning. Potential directions for future MR spectroscopy studies of the glutamate system and mitochondrial dysfunction in pediatric bipolar disorder are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Kondo
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahDepartments of Psychiatry (D.G.K., X.F.S., Y.H.S., P.F.R.)
| | - T L Hellem
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - X-F Shi
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahDepartments of Psychiatry (D.G.K., X.F.S., Y.H.S., P.F.R.)
| | - Y H Sung
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahDepartments of Psychiatry (D.G.K., X.F.S., Y.H.S., P.F.R.)
| | - A P Prescot
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahRadiology (A.P.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - T S Kim
- and Department of Psychiatry (T.S.K.), Catholic University of Korea Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - R S Huber
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - L N Forrest
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - P F Renshaw
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahDepartments of Psychiatry (D.G.K., X.F.S., Y.H.S., P.F.R.)Veterans Integrated Service Network 19 Mental Illness Research (P.F.R.), Education and Clinical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Lee H, Kim ES, Choi C, Seo H, Shin M, Bok JH, Cho JE, Kim CJ, Shin JW, Kim TS, Song KH, Park KU, Kim BI, Kim HB. Outbreak among healthy newborns due to a new variant of USA300-related meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 2014; 87:145-51. [PMID: 24856113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is increasing throughout the world and is an important cause of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) in children and neonates. AIM To describe the successful control of an outbreak caused by a new strain of CA-MRSA in a newborn nursery. METHODS The investigation of the outbreak in July 2012 is reported with the control measures taken. Molecular typing of the MRSA isolates was performed. FINDINGS An outbreak of SSTI caused by CA-MRSA occurred in a newborn nursery. Six neonates were infected in a one-month period [infection rate: 8.5% (6/71)]. A new variant of CA-MRSA was responsible, which was characterized as USA300-related, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) positive, arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) negative, sequence type 8 (ST8), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa, agr type I and spa type t008. The outbreak among term neonates followed a rapid transmission pattern and was successfully controlled by implementing various outbreak control measures, including universal chlorhexidine bathing. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a hospital outbreak caused by a USA300-related CA-MRSA clone in Korea. Early recognition and reinforcement of infection control measures are important in decreasing transmission of CA-MRSA in a hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - C Choi
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - H Seo
- Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - M Shin
- Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Bok
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - C J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - K U Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - B I Kim
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - H B Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Chang DH, Jeong SH, Kim TS, Park M, Lee KW, In SR. Development progresses of radio frequency ion source for neutral beam injector in fusion devices. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B303. [PMID: 24593580 DOI: 10.1063/1.4826076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A large-area RF (radio frequency)-driven ion source is being developed in Germany for the heating and current drive of an ITER device. Negative hydrogen ion sources are the major components of neutral beam injection systems in future large-scale fusion experiments such as ITER and DEMO. RF ion sources for the production of positive hydrogen (deuterium) ions have been successfully developed for the neutral beam heating systems at IPP (Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics) in Germany. The first long-pulse ion source has been developed successfully with a magnetic bucket plasma generator including a filament heating structure for the first NBI system of the KSTAR tokamak. There is a development plan for an RF ion source at KAERI to extract the positive ions, which can be applied for the KSTAR NBI system and to extract the negative ions for future fusion devices such as the Fusion Neutron Source and Korea-DEMO. The characteristics of RF-driven plasmas and the uniformity of the plasma parameters in the test-RF ion source were investigated initially using an electrostatic probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Chang
- Nuclear Fusion Engineering and Technology Development Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - S H Jeong
- Nuclear Fusion Engineering and Technology Development Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Nuclear Fusion Engineering and Technology Development Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - M Park
- Nuclear Fusion Engineering and Technology Development Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Nuclear Fusion Engineering and Technology Development Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - S R In
- Nuclear Fusion Engineering and Technology Development Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
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Jeong SH, Kim TS, Lee KW, Chang DH, In SR, Bae YS. Improvement of a plasma uniformity of the 2nd ion source of KSTAR neutral beam injector. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B316. [PMID: 24593593 DOI: 10.1063/1.4830362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The 2nd ion source of KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) NBI (Neutral Beam Injector) had been developed and operated since last year. A calorimetric analysis revealed that the heat load of the back plate of the ion source is relatively higher than that of the 1st ion source of KSTAR NBI. The spatial plasma uniformity of the ion source is not good. Therefore, we intended to identify factors affecting the uniformity of a plasma density and improve it. We estimated the effects of a direction of filament current and a magnetic field configuration of the plasma generator on the plasma uniformity. We also verified that the operation conditions of an ion source could change a uniformity of the plasma density of an ion source.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jeong
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - D H Chang
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - S R In
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - Y S Bae
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
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Kim TS, Han DH, Lee YJ, Son GH, Kim K, Kim CJ, Cho S. Adrenal peripheral clock disruption leads to altered circadian behavioral responses to voluntary exercise in middle-aged female mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2013.860916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Choi JH, Kim TS, Park JK, Sim YJ, Kim K, Lee SJ. Short-term treadmill exercise preserves sensory-motor function through inhibiting apoptosis in the hippocampus of hypoxic ischemia injury rat pups. J Exerc Rehabil 2013; 9:457-62. [PMID: 24282805 PMCID: PMC3836552 DOI: 10.12965/jer.130055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic ischemia injury is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Physical exercise may ameliorate neurological impairment by impeding neuronal loss following various brain insults. In the present study, the effect of treadmill exercise on sensory-motor function in relation with hippocampal apoptosis following hypoxic ischemia brain injury was investigated. Sensory-motor function was determined by walking initiation test and apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. On postnatal 7 day, left common carotid artery of the neonatal rats was ligated for two hours and then the neonatal rats were exposed to hypoxia conditions for one hour. The rat pups in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 min once a day for 10 days, starting 22 days after induction of hypoxic ischemia brain injury. Hypoxic ischemia caused sensory-motor disturbance with enhancement of apoptosis in the hippocampus. Short-term treadmill exercise suppressed hypoxic ischemia injury-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus, and preserved sensory-motor function of hypoxic ischemia injury rat pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SB, Kang HS, Kim T. Nrg1 functions as a global transcriptional repressor of glucose-repressed genes through its direct binding to the specific promoter regions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:501-5. [PMID: 24025681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nrg1 is a zinc finger protein involved in the glucose repression of several glucose-repressed genes such as STA1, SUC2, and GAL1. Although the molecular details of the Nrg1-mediated repression of STA1 have been partly characterized, it still remains largely unknown how Nrg1 regulates these multiple target genes. In this study, we show that Nrg1 mediates the glucose repression of SUC2 and HXT2 through its direct binding to the specific promoter regions; it binds to the -404 to -360 region of the SUC2 promoter and the -957 to -810 region of the HXT2 promoter. Nrg1 also interacts with the -380 to -250 region of the PCK1 promoter, suggesting that it might also contribute to the PCK1 repression. In addition, ChIP assays confirmed that Nrg1 associated with specific promoter regions of these glucose-repressed genes in vivo. Analysis of the DNA fragments to which it binds indicates that Nrg1 may recognize T/ACCCC sequence within the promoters of these glucose-repressed genes as well as in its own promoter. Collectively, our findings indicate that Nrg1 mediates the glucose repression of multiple genes through its direct binding to the specific promoter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
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Lim BV, Kim TS, Shin MS. Treadmill exercise increases central 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase expression and reduces depressive-like symptom in methimazole-induced hypothyroidism rat pups. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2013.17.3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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