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Schwitalla JW, Le NTH, Um S, Schalk F, Brönstrup M, Baunach M, Beemelmanns C. Heterologous expression of the cryptic mdk gene cluster and structural revision of maduralactomycin A. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34136-34144. [PMID: 38019997 PMCID: PMC10663993 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05931f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After conducting an in silico analysis of the cryptic mdk cluster region and performing transcriptomic studies, an integrative Streptomyces BAC Vector containing the mdk gene sequence was constructed. The heterologous expression of the mdk cluster in Streptomyces albus J1074 resulted in the production of the angucyclic product, seongomycin, which allowed for the assesment of its antibacterial, antiproliferative, and antiviral activities. Heterologous production was further confirmed by targeted knock-out experiments involving key regulators of the biosynthetic pathways. We were further able to revise the core structure of maduralactomycin A, using a computational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Schwitalla
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Ngoc-Thao-Hien Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Soohyun Um
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Felix Schalk
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 D-38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Baunach
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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Characterization of the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster and Shunt Products Yields Insights into the Biosynthesis of Balmoralmycin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0120822. [PMID: 36350133 PMCID: PMC9746310 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01208-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angucyclines are a family of structurally diverse, aromatic polyketides with some members that exhibit potent bioactivity. Angucyclines have also attracted considerable attention due to the intriguing biosynthetic origins that underlie their structural complexity and diversity. Balmoralmycin (compound 1) represents a unique group of angucyclines that contain an angular benz[α]anthracene tetracyclic system, a characteristic C-glycosidic bond-linked deoxy-sugar (d-olivose), and an unsaturated fatty acid chain. In this study, we identified a Streptomyces strain that produces balmoralmycin and seven biosynthetically related coproducts (compounds 2-8). Four of the coproducts (compounds 5-8) are novel compounds that feature a highly oxygenated or fragmented lactone ring, and three of them (compounds 3-5) exhibited cytotoxicity against the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 with IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 1.2 μg/mL. Genome sequencing and CRISPR/dCas9-assisted gene knockdown led to the identification of the ~43 kb balmoralmycin biosynthetic gene cluster (bal BGC). The bal BGC encodes a type II polyketide synthase (PKS) system for assembling the angucycline aglycone, six enzymes for generating the deoxysugar d-olivose, and a hybrid type II/III PKS system for synthesizing the 2,4-decadienoic acid chain. Based on the genetic and chemical information, we propose a mechanism for the biosynthesis of balmoralmycin and the shunt products. The chemical and genetic studies yielded insights into the biosynthetic origin of the structural diversity of angucyclines. IMPORTANCE Angucyclines are structurally diverse aromatic polyketides that have attracted considerable attention due to their potent bioactivity and intriguing biosynthetic origin. Balmoralmycin is a representative of a small family of angucyclines with unique structural features and an unknown biosynthetic origin. We report a newly isolated Streptomyces strain that produces balmoralmycin in a high fermentation titer as well as several structurally related shunt products. Based on the chemical and genetic information, a biosynthetic pathway that involves a type II polyketide synthase (PKS) system, cyclases/aromatases, oxidoreductases, and other ancillary enzymes was established. The elucidation of the balmoralmycin pathway enriches our understanding of how structural diversity is generated in angucyclines and opens the door for the production of balmoralmycin derivatives via pathway engineering.
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Xu D, Metz J, Harmody D, Peterson T, Winder P, Guzmán EA, Russo R, McCarthy PJ, Wright AE, Wang G. Brominated and Sulfur-Containing Angucyclines Derived from a Single Pathway: Identification of Nocardiopsistins D-F. Org Lett 2022; 24:7900-7904. [PMID: 36269561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One novel brominated nocardiopsistin D (1) and two new sulfur-containing nocardiopsistins E-F (2-3) were identified from Nocardiopsis sp. HB-J378. The biosynthetic gene cluster ncd featuring a brominase was identified. Compounds 1-3 exhibited significant anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activities with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.098, 3.125, and 0.195 μg/mL, respectively. The single bromination in 1 drastically enhanced the anti-MRSA activity by 128-fold without altering cell toxicity and acquired new activities against the bacterial pathogens vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Xu
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
| | - Jackie Metz
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
| | - Dedra Harmody
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
| | - Tara Peterson
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
| | - Priscilla Winder
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
| | - Esther A Guzmán
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Regional Bio-Containment Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Peter J McCarthy
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
| | - Amy E Wright
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
| | - Guojun Wang
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United States
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Gummerlich N, Rebets Y, Paulus C, Zapp J, Luzhetskyy A. Targeted Genome Mining-From Compound Discovery to Biosynthetic Pathway Elucidation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122034. [PMID: 33352664 PMCID: PMC7765855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are an important source of novel investigational compounds in drug discovery. Especially in the field of antibiotics, Actinobacteria have been proven to be a reliable source for lead structures. The discovery of these natural products with activity- and structure-guided screenings has been impeded by the constant rediscovery of previously identified compounds. Additionally, a large discrepancy between produced natural products and biosynthetic potential in Actinobacteria, including representatives of the order Pseudonocardiales, has been revealed using genome sequencing. To turn this genomic potential into novel natural products, we used an approach including the in-silico pre-selection of unique biosynthetic gene clusters followed by their systematic heterologous expression. As a proof of concept, fifteen Saccharothrixespanaensis genomic library clones covering predicted biosynthetic gene clusters were chosen for expression in two heterologous hosts, Streptomyceslividans and Streptomycesalbus. As a result, two novel natural products, an unusual angucyclinone pentangumycin and a new type II polyketide synthase shunt product SEK90, were identified. After purification and structure elucidation, the biosynthetic pathways leading to the formation of pentangumycin and SEK90 were deduced using mutational analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster and feeding experiments with 13C-labelled precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Gummerlich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.G.); (Y.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Yuriy Rebets
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.G.); (Y.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Constanze Paulus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.G.); (Y.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Josef Zapp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (N.G.); (Y.R.); (C.P.)
- Actinobacteria Metabolic Engineering Group, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-681-302-70200
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Liu X, Hua K, Liu D, Wu ZL, Wang Y, Zhang H, Deng Z, Pfeifer BA, Jiang M. Heterologous Biosynthesis of Type II Polyketide Products Using E. coli. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1177-1183. [PMID: 31825590 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The heterologous biosynthesis of complex natural products has enabled access to polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, isoprenoid, and other compounds with wide-spanning societal value. Though several surrogate host systems exist, Escherichia coli is often a preferred choice due to its rapid growth kinetics and extensive molecular biology protocols. However, a persistent challenge to the utilization of E. coli has been the successful in vivo reconstitution of type II polyketide synthase (PKS) systems. In particular, gene expression of the ketosynthase (KS) components of the minimal PKS has consistently yielded insoluble protein products. In the following report, two type II PKS systems were functionally reconstituted in E. coli. The approach to do so relied upon the utilization of the native transcriptional coupling between the dimeric KS subunits, leading to soluble recombinant protein products and successful polyketide biosynthesis. Resulting strains produced 10 mg/L TW95c and 25 mg/L dehydrorabelomycin. Hence, the strategy offers a new option in the biosynthetic engineering efforts for the heterologous production of type II polyketide products using E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangmin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Long Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Blaine A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
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Fan K, Zhang Q. The functional differentiation of the post-PKS tailoring oxygenases contributed to the chemical diversities of atypical angucyclines. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:275-282. [PMID: 30533539 PMCID: PMC6260466 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angucyclines are one of the largest families of aromatic polyketides with various chemical structures and bioactivities. Decades of studies have made it easy for us to depict the picture of their early biosynthetic pathways. Two families of oxygenases, the FAD-dependent oxygenases and the ring opening oxygenases, contribute to the formation of some unique skeletons of atypical angucyclines. The FAD-dependent oxygenases involved in the biosynthetic gene clusters of typical angucyclines catalyze two hydroxylation reactions at C-12 and C-12b of prejadomycin, while their homolog JadH in jadomycin gene cluster catalyze the C-12 hydroxylation and 4a,12b-dehydration reactions of prejadomycin, which leads to the production of dehydrorabelomycin, a common intermediate during the biosynthesis of atypical angucyclines. Ring opening oxygenases of a unique family of oxygenases catalyze the oxidative C—C bond cleavage reaction of dehydrorabelomycin, followed by different rearrangement reactions, resulting in the formation of the various chemical skeletons of atypical angucyclines. These results suggested that the functional differentiation of these oxygenases could apparently enrich the sources of aromatic polyketides with greater structure diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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7
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Abstract
The jadomycin family of natural products was discovered from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 in the 1990s. Subsequent identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster along with synthetic efforts established that incorporation of an amino acid into the polyaromatic angucycline core occurs non-enzymatically. Over two decades, the precursor-directed biosynthetic potential of the jadomycins has been heavily exploited, generating a library exceeding 70 compounds. This review compiles the jadomycins that have been isolated and characterized to date; these include jadomycins incorporating proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, semi-synthetic derivatives, biosynthetic shunt products, compounds isolated in structural gene deletion studies, and deoxysugar sugar variant jadomycins produced by deletion or heterologous expression of sugar biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna M. MacLeod
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X7, Canada
| | | | - David L. Jakeman
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Structure and biosynthesis of mayamycin B, a new polyketide with antibacterial activity from Streptomyces sp. 120454. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018. [PMID: 29515228 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-018-0039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mayamycin B, a new antibacterial type II polyketide, together with its known congener mayamycin A, were isolated from Streptomyces sp. 120454. The structure of new compound was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed the biosynthetic gene cluster for mayamycins A and B.
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Li S, Wang J, Xiang W, Yang K, Li Z, Wang W. An Autoregulated Fine-Tuning Strategy for Titer Improvement of Secondary Metabolites Using Native Promoters in Streptomyces. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:522-530. [PMID: 29087698 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Streptomycetes are well-known producers of biologically active secondary metabolites. Various efforts have been made to increase productions of these metabolites, while few approaches could well coordinate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and other physiological events of their hosts. Here we develop a universal autoregulated strategy for fine-tuning the expression of secondary metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in Streptomyces species. First, inducible promoters were used to control the expression of secondary metabolites BGCs. Then, the optimal induction condition was determined by response surface model in both dimensions of time and strength. Finally, native promoters with similar transcription profile to the inducible promoter under the optimal condition were identified based on time-course transcriptome analyses, and used to replace the inducible promoter following an elaborate replacement approach. The expression of actinorhodin (Act) and heterogeneous oxytetracycline (OTC) BGCs were optimized in Streptomyces coelicolor using this strategy. Compared to modulating the expression via constitutive promoters, our strategy could dramatically improve the titers of Act and OTC by 1.3- and 9.1-fold, respectively. The autoregulated fine-tuning strategy developed here opens a novel route for titer improvement of desired secondary metabolites in Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- State
Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute
of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District,
Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- State
Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute
of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District,
Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keqian Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zilong Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weishan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Gao G, Liu X, Xu M, Wang Y, Zhang F, Xu L, Lv J, Long Q, Kang Q, Ou HY, Wang Y, Rohr J, Deng Z, Jiang M, Lin S, Tao M. Formation of an Angular Aromatic Polyketide from a Linear Anthrene Precursor via Oxidative Rearrangement. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:881-891.e4. [PMID: 28712746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial aromatic polyketides are a group of natural products synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKSs) that show diverse structures and biological activities. They are structurally subclassified into linear, angular, and discoid aromatic polyketides, the formation of which is commonly determined by the shaping and folding of the poly-β-keto intermediates under the concerted actions of the minimal PKSs, cyclases and ketoreductases. Murayaquinone, found in several streptomycetes, possesses an unusual tricyclic angular aromatic polyketide core containing a 9,10-phenanthraquinone. In this study, genes essential for murayaquinone biosynthesis were identified, and a linear anthraoxirene intermediate was discovered. A unique biosynthetic model for the angular aromatic polyketide formation was discovered and confirmed through in vivo and in vitro studies. Three oxidoreductases, MrqO3, MrqO6, and MrqO7, were identified to catalyze the conversion of the linear aromatic polyketide intermediate into the final angularly arranged framework, which exemplifies a novel strategy for the biosynthesis of angular aromatic polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Qingshan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Qianjin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Meifeng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.
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11
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Engineered jadomycin analogues with altered sugar moieties revealing JadS as a substrate flexible O-glycosyltransferase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5291-5300. [PMID: 28429060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs)-mediated glycodiversification studies have drawn significant attention recently, with the goal of generating bioactive compounds with improved pharmacological properties by diversifying the appended sugars. The key to achieving glycodiversification is to identify natural and/or engineered flexible GTs capable of acting upon a broad range of substrates. Here, we report the use of a combinatorial biosynthetic approach to probe the substrate flexibility of JadS, the GT in jadomycin biosynthesis, towards different non-native NDP-sugar substrates, enabling us to identify six jadomycin B analogues with different sugar moieties. Further structural engineering by precursor-directed biosynthesis allowed us to obtain 11 new jadomycin analogues. Our results for the first time show that JadS is a flexible O-GT that can utilize both L- and D- sugars as donor substrates, and tolerate structural changes at the C2, C4 and C6 positions of the sugar moiety. JadS may be further exploited to generate novel glycosylated jadomycin molecules in future glycodiversification studies.
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12
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Wang P, Hong GJ, Wilson MR, Balskus EP. Production of Stealthin C Involves an S-N-Type Smiles Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2864-2867. [PMID: 28191843 PMCID: PMC5498114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The kinamycin family of aromatic polyketide natural products contains an atypical angucycline ring system substituted with a diazo group. The enzymatic chemistry involved in constructing both of these structural features has been largely unexplored. Here we report the in vivo and in vitro production of seongomycin, a shunt product from this pathway, and stealthin C, a proposed biosynthetic precursor to the kinamycins. We show that a single enzyme, the flavin-dependent monooxygenase AlpJ, can generate these metabolites from N-acetyl-l-cysteine and l-cysteine, respectively, and that the synthesis of stealthin C likely proceeds via a nonenzymatic S-N-type Smiles rearrangement. This unexpected route to stealthin C reveals a distinct approach to install aromatic amino groups in metabolites and raises questions about the intermediacy of this species in kinamycin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gloria J. Hong
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Yan Y, Yang J, Yu Z, Yu M, Ma YT, Wang L, Su C, Luo J, Horsman GP, Huang SX. Non-enzymatic pyridine ring formation in the biosynthesis of the rubrolone tropolone alkaloids. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13083. [PMID: 27713400 PMCID: PMC5059770 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyridine ring is a potent pharmacophore in alkaloid natural products. Nonetheless, its biosynthetic pathways are poorly understood. Rubrolones A and B are tropolone alkaloid natural products possessing a unique tetra-substituted pyridine moiety. Here, we report the gene cluster and propose a biosynthetic pathway for rubrolones, identifying a key intermediate that accumulates upon inactivation of sugar biosynthetic genes. Critically, this intermediate was converted to the aglycones of rubrolones by non-enzymatic condensation and cyclization with either ammonia or anthranilic acid to generate the respective pyridine rings. We propose that this non-enzymatic reaction occurs via hydrolysis of the key intermediate, which possesses a 1,5-dione moiety as an amine acceptor capable of cyclization. This study suggests that 1,5-dione moieties may represent a general strategy for pyridine ring biosynthesis, and more broadly highlights the utility of non-enzymatic diversification for exploring and expanding natural product chemical space.
The biosynthesis of pyridine rings is still poorly understood. Here the authors propose a biosynthetic pathway for pyridine-containing rubrolones, which is characterized by a non-enzymatic condensation and cyclization of the pyridine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhiyin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ya-Tuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Can Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Geoffrey P Horsman
- Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3C5
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Li S, Wang J, Li X, Yin S, Wang W, Yang K. Genome-wide identification and evaluation of constitutive promoters in streptomycetes. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:172. [PMID: 26515616 PMCID: PMC4625935 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptomycetes attract a lot of attention in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology because of their well-known ability to produce secondary metabolites. However, the available constitutive promoters are rather limited in this genus. Results In this work, constitutive promoters were selected from a pool of promoters whose downstream genes maintained constant expression profiles in various conditions. A total of 941 qualified genes were selected based on systematic analysis of five sets of time-series transcriptome microarray data of Streptomyces coelicolor M145 cultivated under different conditions. Then, 166 putative constitutive promoters were selected by following a rational selection workflow containing disturbance analysis, function analysis, genetic loci analysis, and transcript abundance analysis. Further, eight promoters with different strengths were chosen and subjected to experimental validation by green fluorescent protein reporter and real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in S. coelicolor, Streptomyces venezuelae and Streptomyces albus. The eight promoters drove the stable expression of downstream genes in different conditions, implying that the 166 promoters that we identified might be constitutive under the genus Streptomyces. Four promoters were used in a plug-and-play platform to control the expression of the cryptic cluster of jadomycin B in S. venezuelae ISP5230 and resulted in different levels of the production of jadomycin B that corresponded to promoter strength. Conclusions This work identified and evaluated a set of constitutive promoters with different strengths in streptomycetes, and it enriched the presently available promoter toolkit in this genus. These promoters should be valuable in current platforms of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for the activation of cryptic biosynthetic clusters and the optimization of pathways for the biosynthesis of important natural products in Streptomyces species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0351-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouliang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Yang C, Huang C, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Heterologous Expression of Fluostatin Gene Cluster Leads to a Bioactive Heterodimer. Org Lett 2015; 17:5324-7. [PMID: 26465097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunshuai Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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16
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Guo F, Xiang S, Li L, Wang B, Rajasärkkä J, Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela K, Ai G, Metsä-Ketelä M, Yang K. Targeted activation of silent natural product biosynthesis pathways by reporter-guided mutant selection. Metab Eng 2014; 28:134-142. [PMID: 25554073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The continuously increasing genome sequencing data has revealed numerous cryptic pathways, which might encode novel secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities. However, utilization of this hidden potential has been hindered by the observation that many of these gene clusters remain silent (or poorly expressed) under laboratory conditions. Here we present reporter-guided mutant selection (RGMS) as an effective and widely applicable method for targeted activation of silent gene clusters in the native producers. The strategy takes advantage of genome-scale random mutagenesis for generation of genetic diversity and a reporter-guided selection system for the identification of the desired target-activated mutants. It was first validated in the re-activation of jadomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, where high efficiency of activation was achieved. The same strategy was then applied to a hitherto unactivable pga gene cluster in Streptomyces sp. PGA64 leading to the identification of two new anthraquinone aminoglycosides, gaudimycin D and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People׳s Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Sihai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People׳s Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Johanna Rajasärkkä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Guomin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Keqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People׳s Republic of China.
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17
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Patrikainen P, Niiranen L, Thapa K, Paananen P, Tähtinen P, Mäntsälä P, Niemi J, Metsä-Ketelä M. Structure-Based Engineering of Angucyclinone 6-Ketoreductases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:1381-1391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Huijbers MME, Montersino S, Westphal AH, Tischler D, van Berkel WJH. Flavin dependent monooxygenases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 544:2-17. [PMID: 24361254 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent monooxygenases catalyze a wide variety of chemo-, regio- and enantioselective oxygenation reactions. As such, they are involved in key biological processes ranging from catabolism, detoxification and biosynthesis, to light emission and axon guidance. Based on fold and function, flavin-dependent monooxygenases can be distributed into eight groups. Groups A and B comprise enzymes that rely on NAD(P)H as external electron donor. Groups C-F are two-protein systems, composed of a monooxygenase and a flavin reductase. Groups G and H comprise internal monooxygenases that reduce the flavin cofactor through substrate oxidation. Recently, many new flavin-dependent monooxygenases have been discovered. In addition to posing basic enzymological questions, these proteins attract attention of pharmaceutical and fine-chemical industries, given their importance as regio- and enantioselective biocatalysts. In this review we present an update of the classification of flavin-dependent monooxygenases and summarize the latest advances in our understanding of their catalytic and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke M E Huijbers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefania Montersino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie H Westphal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Zhang Y, Pan G, Zou Z, Fan K, Yang K, Tan H. JadR*-mediated feed-forward regulation of cofactor supply in jadomycin biosynthesis. Mol Microbiol 2013; 90:884-97. [PMID: 24112541 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Jadomycin production is under complex regulation in Streptomyces venezuelae. Here, another cluster-situated regulator, JadR*, was shown to negatively regulate jadomycin biosynthesis by binding to four upstream regions of jadY, jadR1, jadI and jadE in jad gene cluster respectively. The transcriptional levels of four target genes of JadR* increased significantly in ΔjadR*, confirming that these genes were directly repressed by JadR*. Jadomycin B (JdB) and its biosynthetic intermediates 2,3-dehydro-UWM6 (DHU), dehydrorabelomycin (DHR) and jadomycin A (JdA) modulated the DNA-binding activities of JadR* on the jadY promoter, with DHR giving the strongest dissociation effects. Direct interactions between JadR* and these ligands were further demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance, which showed that DHR has the highest affinity for JadR*. However, only DHU and DHR could induce the expression of jadY and jadR* in vivo. JadY is the FMN/FAD reductase supplying cofactors FMNH₂/FADH₂ for JadG, an oxygenase, that catalyses the conversion of DHR to JdA. Therefore, our results revealed that JadR* and early pathway intermediates, particularly DHR, regulate cofactor supply by a convincing case of a feed-forward mechanism. Such delicate regulation of expression of jadY could ensure a timely supply of cofactors FMNH₂/FADH₂ for jadomycin biosynthesis, and avoid unnecessary consumption of NAD(P)H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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20
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21
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Fan K, Pan G, Peng X, Zheng J, Gao W, Wang J, Wang W, Li Y, Yang K. Identification of JadG as the B ring opening oxygenase catalyzing the oxidative C-C bond cleavage reaction in jadomycin biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [PMID: 23177193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Jadomycin B is a member of atypical angucycline antibiotics whose biosynthesis involves a unique ring opening C-C bond cleavage reaction. Here, we firmly identified JadG as the enzyme responsible for the B ring opening reaction in jadomycin biosynthesis. In vitro analysis of the JadG catalyzed reaction revealed that it requires FMNH(2) or FADH(2) as cofactors in the conversion of dehydrorabelomycin to jadomycin A. The cofactors could be supplied by either a cluster-situated flavin reductase JadY or the Escherichia coli Fre. JadY was characterized as a NAD(P)H-dependent FMN/FAD reductase, with FMN as the preferred substrate. Disruption mutant of jadY still produced jadomycin, indicating that the function of JadY could be substituted by other enzymes in the host. JadG represents the biochemically verified member of an enzyme class catalyzing an unprecedented C-C bond cleavage reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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22
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Wang G, Pahari P, Kharel MK, Chen J, Zhu H, Van Lanen SG, Rohr J. Cooperation of two bifunctional enzymes in the biosynthesis and attachment of deoxysugars of the antitumor antibiotic mithramycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [PMID: 22997042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.20120541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two bifunctional enzymes cooperate in the assembly and the positioning of two sugars, D-olivose and D-mycarose, of the anticancer antibiotic mithramycin. MtmC finishes the biosynthesis of both sugar building blocks depending on which MtmGIV activity is supported. MtmGIV transfers these two sugars onto two structurally distinct acceptor substrates. The dual function of these enzymes explains two essential but previously unidentified activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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23
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Patrikainen P, Kallio P, Fan K, Klika KD, Shaaban KA, Mäntsälä P, Rohr J, Yang K, Niemi J, Metsä-Ketelä M. Tailoring enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of angucyclines contain latent context-dependent catalytic activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:647-55. [PMID: 22633416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of homologous angucycline modification enzymes from five closely related Streptomyces pathways (pga, cab, jad, urd, lan) allowed us to deduce the biosynthetic steps responsible for the three alternative outcomes: gaudimycin C, dehydrorabelomycin, and 11-deoxylandomycinone. The C-12b-hydroxylated urdamycin and gaudimycin metabolites appear to be the ancestral representatives from which landomycins and jadomysins have evolved as a result of functional divergence of the ketoreductase LanV and hydroxylase JadH, respectively. Specifically, LanV has acquired affinity for an earlier biosynthetic intermediate resulting in a switch in biosynthetic order and lack of hydroxyls at C-4a and C-12b, whereas in JadH, C-4a/C-12b dehydration has evolved into an independent secondary function replacing C-12b hydroxylation. Importantly, the study reveals that many of the modification enzymes carry several alternative, hidden, or ancestral catalytic functions, which are strictly dependent on the biosynthetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Patrikainen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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24
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Wang G, Pahari P, Kharel MK, Chen J, Zhu H, Van Lanen SG, Rohr J. Cooperation of two bifunctional enzymes in the biosynthesis and attachment of deoxysugars of the antitumor antibiotic mithramycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10638-42. [PMID: 22997042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two bifunctional enzymes cooperate in the assembly and the positioning of two sugars, D-olivose and D-mycarose, of the anticancer antibiotic mithramycin. MtmC finishes the biosynthesis of both sugar building blocks depending on which MtmGIV activity is supported. MtmGIV transfers these two sugars onto two structurally distinct acceptor substrates. The dual function of these enzymes explains two essential but previously unidentified activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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25
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Wang G, Pahari P, Kharel MK, Chen J, Zhu H, Van Lanen SG, Rohr J. Zusammenwirken zweier difunktionaler Enzyme bei Aufbau und Verknüpfung von Desoxyzuckern des Antitumor-Antibiotikums Mithramycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of new jadomycin derivatives reveals the potential to improve its selectivity against tumor cells. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 65:449-52. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Khodade VS, Dharmaraja AT, Chakrapani H. Synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation and copper-mediated nuclease activity profiles of 2-aryl-3-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3766-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Sharif EU, O’Doherty GA. Biosynthesis and Total Synthesis Studies on The Jadomycin Family of Natural Products. European J Org Chem 2012; 2012:10.1002/ejoc.201101609. [PMID: 24371430 PMCID: PMC3871192 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Jadomycins are unique angucycline polyketides, which are produced by soil bacteria Streptomyces venezuelae under specific nutrient and environmental conditions. Their unique structural complexity and biological activities have engendered extensive study of the jadomycin class of natural compounds in terms of biological activity, biosynthesis, and synthesis. This review outlines the recent developments in the study of the synthesis and biosynthesis of jadomycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehesan U. Sharif
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, Homepage: http://nuweb9.neu.edu/odoherty/
| | - George A. O’Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, Homepage: http://nuweb9.neu.edu/odoherty/
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29
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Kharel MK, Rohr J. Delineation of gilvocarcin, jadomycin, and landomycin pathways through combinatorial biosynthetic enzymology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:150-61. [PMID: 22465094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The exact sequence of events in biosyntheses of natural products is essential not only to understand and learn from nature's strategies and tricks to assemble complex natural products, but also for yield optimization of desired natural products, and for pathway engineering and muta-synthetic preparation of analogues of bioactive natural products. Biosyntheses of natural products were classically studied applying in vivo experiments, usually by combining incorporation experiments with stable-isotope labeled precursors with cross-feeding experiments of putative intermediates. Later genetic studies were dominant, which consist of gene cluster determination and analysis of gene inactivation experiments. From such studies various biosynthetic pathways were proposed, to a large extent just through in silico analyses of the biosynthetic gene clusters after DNA sequencing. Investigations of the complex biosyntheses of the angucycline group anticancer drugs landomycin, jadomycin and gilvocarcin revealed that in vivo and in silico studies were insufficient to delineate the true biosynthetic sequence of events. Neither was it possible to unambiguously assign enzyme activities, especially where multiple functional enzymes were involved. However, many of the intriguing ambiguities could be solved after in vitro reconstitution of major segments of these pathways, and subsequent systematic variations of the used enzyme mixtures. This method has been recently termed 'combinatorial biosynthetic enzymology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan K Kharel
- Midway College School of Pharmacy, 120 Scott Perry Drive, Paintsville, KY 42240, USA
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30
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Pahari P, Kharel MK, Shepherd MD, van Lanen SG, Rohr J. Enzymatic Total Synthesis of Defucogilvocarcin M and Its Implications for Gilvocarcin Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Pahari P, Kharel MK, Shepherd MD, van Lanen SG, Rohr J. Enzymatic total synthesis of defucogilvocarcin M and its implications for gilvocarcin biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1216-20. [PMID: 22223167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Pahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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32
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Kharel MK, Pahari P, Shepherd MD, Tibrewal N, Nybo SE, Shaaban KA, Rohr J. Angucyclines: Biosynthesis, mode-of-action, new natural products, and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 29:264-325. [PMID: 22186970 DOI: 10.1039/c1np00068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 to 2010. The angucycline group is the largest group of type II PKS-engineered natural products, rich in biological activities and chemical scaffolds. This stimulated synthetic creativity and biosynthetic inquisitiveness. The synthetic studies used five different strategies, involving Diels-Alder reactions, nucleophilic additions, electrophilic additions, transition-metal mediated cross-couplings and intramolecular cyclizations to generate the angucycline frames. Biosynthetic studies were particularly intriguing when unusual framework rearrangements by post-PKS tailoring oxidoreductases occurred, or when unusual glycosylation reactions were involved in decorating the benz[a]anthracene-derived cores. This review follows our previous reviews, which were published in 1992 and 1997, and covers new angucycline group antibiotics published between 1997 and 2010. However, in contrast to the previous reviews, the main focus of this article is on new synthetic approaches and biosynthetic investigations, most of which were published between 1997 and 2010, but go beyond, e.g. for some biosyntheses all the way back to the 1980s, to provide the necessary context of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan K Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
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Kallio P, Patrikainen P, Suomela JP, Mäntsälä P, Metsä-Ketelä M, Niemi J. Flavoprotein hydroxylase PgaE catalyzes two consecutive oxygen-dependent tailoring reactions in angucycline biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2011; 50:5535-43. [PMID: 21595438 DOI: 10.1021/bi200600k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simplified model system composed of a NADPH-dependent flavoprotein hydroxylase PgaE and a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) CabV was used to dissect a multistep angucycline modification redox cascade into several subreactions in vitro. We demonstrate that the two enzymes are sufficient for the conversion of angucycline substrate 2,3-dehydro-UWM6 to gaudimycin C. The flavoenzyme PgaE is shown to be responsible for two consecutive NADPH- and O(2)-dependent reactions, consistent with the enzyme-catalyzed incorporation of oxygen atoms at C-12 and C-12b in gaudimycin C. The two reactions do not significantly overlap, and the second catalytic cycle is initiated only after the original substrate 2,3-dehydro-UWM6 is nearly depleted. This allowed us to isolate the product of the first reaction at limiting NADPH concentrations and allowed the study of the qualitative and kinetic properties of the separated reactions. Dissection of the reaction cascade also allowed us to establish that the SDR reductase CabV catalyzes the final biosynthetic step, which is closely coupled to the second PgaE reaction. In the absence of CabV, the complete PgaE reaction leads invariably to product degradation, whereas in its presence, the reaction yields the final product, gaudimycin C. The result implies that the C-6 ketoreduction step catalyzed by CabV is required for stabilization of a reactive intermediate. The close relationship between PgaE and CabV would explain previous in vivo observations: why the absence of a reductase gene may result in the lack of C-12b-oxygenated species and, vice versa, why all C-12b-oxygenated angucyclines appear to have undergone reduction at position C-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauli Kallio
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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Ouyang Y, Wu H, Xie L, Wang G, Dai S, Chen M, Yang K, Li X. A method to type the potential angucycline producers in actinomycetes isolated from marine sponges. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2011; 99:807-15. [PMID: 21287404 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-011-9554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Angucyclines are aromatic polyketides with antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral and enzyme inhibition activities. In this study, a new pair of degenerate primers targeting the cyclase genes that are involved in the aromatization of the first and/or second ring of angucycline, were designed and evaluated in a PCR protocol targeting the jadomycin cyclase gene of Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230. The identity of the target amplicon was confirmed by sequencing. After validation, the primers were used to screen 49 actinomycete isolates from three different marine sponges to identify putative angucycline producers. Seven isolates were positively identified using this method. Sequence analysis of the positive amplicons confirmed their identity as putative angucycline cyclases with sequence highly similar to known angucycline cyclases. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these positives into the angucycline group of cyclases. Furthermore, amplifications of the seven isolates using ketosynthase-specific primers were positive, backing the results using the cyclase primers. Together these results provided strong support for the presence of angucycline biosynthetic genes in these isolates. The specific primer set targeting the cyclase can be used to identify putative angucycline producers among marine actinobacteria, and aid in the discovery of novel angucyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization (LMB-CAS), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica (LMMM-GD), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Fan K, He Y, Xu X, Peng Y, Yu T, Jia C, Yang K. Characterization of JadH as an FAD- and NAD(P)H-dependent bifunctional hydroxylase/dehydrase in jadomycin biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1055-60. [PMID: 20422670 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences,University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 78, USA
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Cloning and characterization of a gene cluster for hatomarubigin biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. strain 2238-SVT4. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4201-6. [PMID: 20453135 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00668-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. strain 2238-SVT4 produces hatomarubigins A, B, C, and D, which belong to the angucycline family. Among them, hatomarubigin D has a unique dimeric structure with a methylene linkage. PCR using aromatase and cyclase gene-specific primers identified the hrb gene cluster for angucycline biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. 2238-SVT4. The cluster consisted of 30 open reading frames, including those for the minimal polyketide synthase, ketoreductase, aromatase, cyclase, O-methyltransferase, oxidoreductase, and oxygenase genes. Expression of a part of the gene cluster containing hrbR1 to hrbX in Streptomyces lividans TK23 resulted in the production of hatomarubigins A, B, and C. Hatomarubigin D was obtained from the conversion of hatomarubigin C by a purified enzyme encoded by hrbY, among the remaining genes.
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Krohn K, Vidal A, Tran-Thien HT, Flörke U, Bechthold A, Dujardin G, Green I. Total Synthesis of Silyl-Protected Early Intermediates of Polyketide Biosynthesis. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhou H, Li Y, Tang Y. Cyclization of aromatic polyketides from bacteria and fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:839-68. [PMID: 20358042 DOI: 10.1039/b911518h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Kharel MK, Nybo SE, Shepherd MD, Rohr J. Cloning and characterization of the ravidomycin and chrysomycin biosynthetic gene clusters. Chembiochem 2010; 11:523-32. [PMID: 20140934 PMCID: PMC2879346 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of two antitumor antibiotics, ravidomycin and chrysomycin, have been cloned from Streptomyces ravidus and Streptomyces albaduncus, respectively. Sequencing of the 33.28 kb DNA region of the cosmid cosRav32 and the 34.65 kb DNA region of cosChry1-1 and cosChryF2 revealed 36 and 35 open reading frames (ORFs), respectively, harboring tandem sets of type II polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, D-ravidosamine and D-virenose biosynthetic genes, post-PKS tailoring genes, regulatory genes, and genes of unknown function. The isolated ravidomycin gene cluster was confirmed to be involved in ravidomycin biosynthesis through the production of a new analogue of ravidomycin along with anticipated pathway intermediates and biosynthetic shunt products upon heterologous expression of the cosmid, cosRav32, in Streptomyces lividans TK24. The identity of the cluster was further verified through cross complementation of gilvocarcin V (GV) mutants. Similarly, the chrysomycin gene cluster was demonstrated to be indirectly involved in chrysomycin biosynthesis through cross-complementation of gilvocarcin mutants deficient in the oxygenases GilOII, GilOIII, and GilOIV with the respective chrysomycin monooxygenase homologues. The ravidomycin glycosyltransferase (RavGT) appears to be able to transfer both amino- and neutral sugars, exemplified through the structurally distinct 6-membered D-ravidosamine and 5-membered D-fucofuranose, to the coumarin-based polyketide derived backbone. These results expand the library of biosynthetic genes involved in the biosyntheses of gilvocarcin class compounds that can be used to generate novel analogues through combinatorial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan K Kharel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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Olano C, Méndez C, Salas JA. Post-PKS tailoring steps in natural product-producing actinomycetes from the perspective of combinatorial biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:571-616. [DOI: 10.1039/b911956f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Isolation and characterization of jadomycin L from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 for solid tumor efficacy studies. PURE APPL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-08-11-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Precursor-directed biosynthesis offers opportunities to modify natural products and obtain structurally complex metabolites without the need for chemical synthesis. However, such opportunities are limited owing to the inherent substrate specificity of biosynthetic enzymes. The jadomycins are a family of natural products produced by the soil microbe Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230. Their biosynthesis contains one step that is potentially non-enzymatic, namely, the condensation of a biosynthetic aldehyde and an amino acid that leads to a uniquely substituted oxazolone ring. Variation of amino acids in the culture media enables the production of a wide array of substituted oxazolones. These analogs have been shown to have a variety of biological activities against cancer cell lines and also against Gram-positive bacteria. Herein, we report the first isolation and characterization of jadomycin L and jadomycin L aglycone from 8 L of bacterial culture for solid tumor efficacy studies.
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Lombó F, Abdelfattah MS, Braña AF, Salas JA, Rohr J, Méndez C. Elucidation of oxygenation steps during oviedomycin biosynthesis and generation of derivatives with increased antitumor activity. Chembiochem 2009; 10:296-303. [PMID: 18988223 PMCID: PMC2661761 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Eight different angucyclinones have been produced in Streptomyces albus by combining three oxygenase genes together with the polyketide synthase and cyclases genes from the oviedomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 11891. Four of these compounds were fully characterized for the first time. Three of these angucyclinones-prejadomycin-2-carboxylate (2), 4a,12b-dehydro-UWM6 (5), and prejadomycin (3)-show a significant increase in their in vitro antitumor activity relative to oviedomycin (1). A hypothesis for the sequence of tailoring events catalyzed by these three oxygenases during oviedomycin biosynthesis is proposed. In this hypothesis OvmOII acts as a bifunctional oxygenase/dehydratase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Lombó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo (Spain) Fax: (+34) 985103652
| | - Mohamed S. Abdelfattah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 2 Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082 (USA)
| | - Alfredo F. Braña
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo (Spain) Fax: (+34) 985103652
| | - José A. Salas
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo (Spain) Fax: (+34) 985103652
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 2 Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082 (USA)
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo (Spain) Fax: (+34) 985103652
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Kelly WL. Intramolecular cyclizations of polyketide biosynthesis: mining for a "Diels-Alderase"? Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4483-93. [PMID: 19039353 DOI: 10.1039/b814552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the large number of naturally occurring metabolites existing for which enzymatic Diels-Alder reactions have been proposed as a key biosynthetic step, the actual number of enzymes thus far identified for these transformations is incredibly low. Even for those few enzymes identified, there is currently little biochemical or mechanistic evidence to support the label of a "Diels-Alderase." For several families of polyketide metabolites, the transformation in question introduces a rigid, cross-linked scaffold, leaving the remaining peripheral modifications and polyketide processing to provide the variation among the related metabolites. A detailed understanding of these modifications--how they are introduced and the tolerance of enzymes involved for alternate substrates--will strengthen biosynthetic engineering efforts toward related designer metabolites. This review addresses intramolecular cyclizations that appear to be consistent with enzymatic Diels-Alder transformations for which either the responsible enzyme has been identified or the respective biosynthetic gene cluster for the metabolite in question has been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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Huang X, He J, Niu X, Menzel KD, Dahse HM, Grabley S, Fiedler HP, Sattler I, Hertweck C. Benzopyrenomycin, a cytotoxic bacterial polyketide metabolite with a benzo[a]pyrene-type carbocyclic ring system. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3995-8. [PMID: 18412200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueshi Huang
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Demydchuk Y, Sun Y, Hong H, Staunton J, Spencer JB, Leadlay PF. Analysis of the tetronomycin gene cluster: insights into the biosynthesis of a polyether tetronate antibiotic. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1136-45. [PMID: 18404760 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthetic gene cluster for tetronomycin (TMN), a polyether ionophoric antibiotic that contains four different types of ring, including the distinctive tetronic acid moiety, has been cloned from Streptomyces sp. NRRL11266. The sequenced tmn locus (113 234 bp) contains six modular polyketide synthase (PKS) genes and a further 27 open-reading frames. Based on sequence comparison to related biosynthetic gene clusters, the majority of these can be assigned a plausible role in TMN biosynthesis. The identity of the cluster, and the requirement for a number of individual genes, especially those hypothesised to contribute a glycerate unit to the formation of the tetronate ring, were confirmed by specific gene disruption. However, two large genes that are predicted to encode together a multifunctional PKS of a highly unusual type seem not to be involved in this pathway since deletion of one of them did not alter tetronomycin production. Unlike previously characterised polyether PKS systems, oxidative cyclisation appears to take place on the modular PKS rather than after transfer to a separate carrier protein, while tetronate ring formation and concomitant chain release share common mechanistic features with spirotetronate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Demydchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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Kallio P, Liu Z, Mäntsälä P, Niemi J, Metsä-Ketelä M. Sequential action of two flavoenzymes, PgaE and PgaM, in angucycline biosynthesis: chemoenzymatic synthesis of gaudimycin C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:157-66. [PMID: 18291320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring steps in aromatic polyketide antibiotic biosynthesis are an important source of structural diversity and, consequently, an intriguing focal point for enzymological studies. PgaE and PgaM from Streptomyces sp. PGA64 are representatives of flavoenzymes catalyzing early post-PKS reactions in angucycline biosynthesis. This in vitro study illustrates that the chemoenzymatic conversion of UWM6 into the metabolite, gaudimycin C, requires multiple closely coupled reactions to prevent intermediate degradation. The NMR structure of gaudimycin C confirms that the reaction cascade involves C12- and C12b-hydroxylation, C2,3-dehydration, and stereospecific ketoreduction at C6. Enzymatic 18O incorporation studies verify that the oxygens at C12 and C12b derive from O2 and H2O, respectively. The results indicate that PgaM deviates mechanistically from flavoprotein monooxygenases, and suggest an alternative catalytic mechanism involving a quinone methide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauli Kallio
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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Huang X, He J, Niu X, Menzel KD, Dahse HM, Grabley S, Fiedler HP, Sattler I, Hertweck C. Benzopyrenomycin, a Cytotoxic Bacterial Polyketide Metabolite with a Benzo[a]pyrene-Type Carbocyclic Ring System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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