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Khanna D, Padilla C, Tsoi LC, Nagaraja V, Khanna PP, Tabib T, Kahlenberg JM, Young A, Huang S, Gudjonsson JE, Fox DA, Lafyatis R. Tofacitinib blocks IFN-regulated biomarker genes in skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a systemic sclerosis trial. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e159566. [PMID: 35943798 PMCID: PMC9536259 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune, connective tissue disease characterized by vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs.METHODSWe randomized 15 participants with early diffuse cutaneous SSc to tofacitinib 5 mg twice a day or matching placebo in a phase I/II double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The primary outcome measure was safety and tolerability at or before week 24. To understand the changes in gene expression associated with tofacitinib treatment in each skin cell population, we compared single-cell gene expression in punch skin biopsies obtained at baseline and 6 weeks following the initiation of treatment.RESULTSTofacitinib was well tolerated; no participants experienced grade 3 or higher adverse events before or at week 24. Trends in efficacy outcome measures favored tofacitnib. Baseline gene expression in fibroblast and keratinocyte subpopulations indicated IFN-activated gene expression. Tofacitinib inhibited IFN-regulated gene expression in SFRP2/DPP4 fibroblasts (progenitors of myofibroblasts) and in MYOC/CCL19, representing adventitial fibroblasts (P < 0.05), as well as in the basal and keratinized layers of the epidermis. Gene expression in macrophages and DCs indicated inhibition of STAT3 by tofacitinib (P < 0.05). No clinically meaningful inhibition of T cells and endothelial cells in the skin tissue was observed.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that mesenchymal and epithelial cells of a target organ in SSc, not the infiltrating lymphocytes, may be the primary focus for therapeutic effects of a Janus kinase inhibitor.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT03274076.FUNDINGPfizer, NIH/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) R01 AR070470, NIH/NIAMS K24 AR063120, Taubman Medical Research Institute and NIH P30 AR075043, and NIH/NIAMS K01 AR072129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cristina Padilla
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vivek Nagaraja
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Puja P Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Amber Young
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Suiyuan Huang
- University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sesti-Costa R, Cervantes-Barragan L, Swiecki MK, Fachi JL, Cella M, Gilfillan S, Silva JS, Colonna M. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Inhibits Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Function and Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2257-2268. [PMID: 32169845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce abundant type I IFNs (IFN-I) in response to viral nucleic acids. Generation of pDCs from bone marrow dendritic cell (DC) progenitors and their maintenance is driven by the transcription factor E2-2 and inhibited by its repressor Id2. In this study, we find that mouse pDCs selectively express the receptor for LIF that signals through STAT3. Stimulation of pDCs with LIF inhibited IFN-I, TNF, and IL-6 responses to CpG and induced expression of the STAT3 targets SOCS3 and Bcl3, which inhibit IFN-I and NF-κB signaling. Moreover, although STAT3 has been also reported to induce E2-2, LIF paradoxically induced its repressor Id2. A late-stage bone marrow DC progenitor expressed low amounts of LIFR and developed into pDCs less efficiently after being exposed to LIF, consistent with the induction of Id2. Conversely, pDC development and serum IFN-I responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection were augmented in newly generated mice lacking LIFR in either CD11c+ or hematopoietic cells. Thus, an LIF-driven STAT3 pathway induces SOCS3, Bcl3, and Id2, which render pDCs and late DC progenitors refractory to physiological stimuli controlling pDC functions and development. This pathway can be potentially exploited to prevent inappropriate secretion of IFN-I in autoimmune diseases or promote IFN-I secretion during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Sesti-Costa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil 14049-900
| | - Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Melissa K Swiecki
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil 14049-900
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
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Wang Z, Xiao X, Ge R, Li J, Johnson CW, Rassoulian C, Olumi AF. Metformin inhibits the proliferation of benign prostatic epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173335. [PMID: 28253329 PMCID: PMC5333882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common proliferative abnormality of the prostate affecting elderly men throughout the world. Epidemiologic studies have shown that diabetes significantly increases the risk of developing BPH, although whether anti-diabetic medications preventing the development of BPH remains to be defined. We have previously found that stromally expressed insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promotes benign prostatic epithelial cell proliferation through paracrine mechanisms. Here, we seek to understand if metformin, a first line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, inhibits the proliferation of benign prostatic epithelial cells through reducing the expression of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and regulating cell cycle. METHODS BPE cell lines BPH-1 and P69, murine fibroblasts3T3 and primary human prostatic fibroblasts were cultured and tested in this study. Cell proliferation and the cell cycle were analyzed by MTS assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of IGF-1R was determined by western-blot and immunocytochemistry. The level of IGF-1 secretion in culture medium was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Metformin (0.5-10mM, 6-48h) significantly inhibited the proliferation of BPH-1 and P69 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Treatment with metformin for 24 hours lowered the G2/M cell population by 43.24% in P69 cells and 24.22% in BPH-1 cells. On the other hand, IGF-1 (100ng/mL, 24h) stimulated the cell proliferation (increased by 28.81% in P69 cells and 20.95% in BPH-1 cells) and significantly enhanced the expression of IGF-1R in benign prostatic epithelial cells. Metformin (5mM) abrogated the proliferation of benign prostatic epithelial cells induced by IGF-1. In 3T3 cells, the secretion of IGF-1 was significantly inhibited by metformin from 574.31pg/ml to 197.61pg/ml. The conditioned media of 3T3 cells and human prostatic fibroblasts promoted the proliferation of epithelial cells and the expression of IGF-1R in epithelial cells. Metformin abrogated the proliferation of benign prostatic epithelial cells promoted by 3T3 conditioned medium. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that metformin inhibits the proliferation of benign prostatic epithelial cells by suppressing the expression of IGF-1R and IGF-1 secretion in stromal cells. Metformin lowers the G2/M cell population and simultaneously increases the G0/G1 population. Findings here might have significant clinical implications in management of BPH patients treated with metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xingyuan Xiao
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongbin Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jijun Li
- Shanghai Children 's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cameron W. Johnson
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cyrus Rassoulian
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aria F. Olumi
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Nishimura Y, Nakai Y, Tanaka A, Nagao T, Fukushima N. Long-term exposure of 3T3 fibroblast cells to endocrine disruptors alters sensitivity to oxidative injury. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:868-74. [PMID: 24604882 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
When Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) or nonylphenol (NP) within a range of 0.1-100 nM for 30-45 days, increased resistance to oxidative injury was found. Western blot analysis indicated concomitant increased expression of bcl-2 protein and reduced histone methylation levels in cells after BPA or NP exposure. Using a heterologous expression system, both chemicals could stimulate G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), a transmembrane estrogen receptor predominantly expressed in 3T3 cells, at lower concentrations, which gave increased survival. Taken together, these results suggest that BPA or NP exposure might cause alterations in cellular activity against oxidative stress, possibly through GPR30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Nishimura
- Department of Life Science, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, 577-8502, Japan
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Li W, Wu CL, Febbo PG, Olumi AF. Stromally expressed c-Jun regulates proliferation of prostate epithelial cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:1189-98. [PMID: 17702894 PMCID: PMC1988869 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stromal-epithelial interactions play a critical role in development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. We have previously shown that stromal cells associated with prostatic carcinoma can potentiate proliferation and reduce cell death of prostatic epithelial cells. Genetic alterations in stromal cells affect stromal-epithelial interactions and modulate epithelial growth. The c-Jun proteins that are early transcription factor molecules have been shown to regulate stromal-epithelial interactions via paracrine signals. Moreover, the Jun-family member proteins have been shown to play an important role in proper development of the genitourinary organs. In this study, we show that c-Jun protein in fibroblasts regulates production and paracrine signals of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). c-jun(+/+) fibroblasts secrete higher levels of IGF-1 and stimulate benign prostatic hyperplasia-1 cellular proliferation. In addition, stromally produced IGF-1 up-regulates epithelial mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, and cyclin D protein levels while down-regulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. These data suggest that stromally expressed c-Jun may promote prostatic epithelial proliferation through IGF-1 as a paracrine signal that, in turn, can promote prostate epithelial proliferation. Identification of the signal transduction pathways between prostate epithelial cells and the surrounding stromal cells will improve our understanding of the normal and abnormal biology in prostatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Yawkey Bdlg., Suite 7E, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114-2354, USA
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Abstract
The extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway plays an important role in various cellular responses, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. Recent studies have identified a number of Ras/ERK signaling-related proteins, such as scaffold proteins and inhibitors. These proteins modulate ERK signaling and thereby could give variations in ERK signaling outputs that regulate cell fate decisions. Here we focus on the role of ERK signaling in cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Torii
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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